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  • Using forward declarations for build in datatypes.

    - by bdhar
    I understand that wherever possible we shall use forward declarations instead of includes to speed up the compilation. I have a class Person like this. #pragma once #include <string> class Person { public: Person(std::string name, int age); std::string GetName(void) const; int GetAge(void) const; private: std::string _name; int _age; }; and a class Student like this #pragma once #include <string> class Person; class Student { public: Student(std::string name, int age, int level = 0); Student(const Person& person); std::string GetName(void) const; int GetAge(void) const; int GetLevel(void) const; private: std::string _name; int _age; int _level; }; In Student.h, I have a forward declaration class Person; to use Person in my conversion constructor. Fine. But I have done #include <string> to avoid compilation error while using std::string in the code. How to use forward declaration here to avoid the compilation error? Is it possible? Thanks.

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  • How do I construct a more complex single LINQ to XML query?

    - by Cyberherbalist
    I'm a LINQ newbie, so the following might turn out to be very simple and obvious once it's answered, but I have to admit that the question is kicking my arse. Given this XML: <measuresystems> <measuresystem name="SI" attitude="proud"> <dimension name="mass" dim="M" degree="1"> <unit name="kilogram" symbol="kg"> <factor name="hundredweight" foreignsystem="US" value="45.359237" /> <factor name="hundredweight" foreignsystem="Imperial" value="50.80234544" /> </unit> </dimension> </measuresystem> </measuresystems> I can query for the value of the conversion factor between kilogram and US hundredweight using the following LINQ to XML, but surely there is a way to condense the four successive queries into a single complex query? XElement mss = XElement.Load(fileName); IEnumerable<XElement> ms = from el in mss.Elements("measuresystem") where (string)el.Attribute("name") == "SI" select el; IEnumerable<XElement> dim = from e2 in ms.Elements("dimension") where (string)e2.Attribute("name") == "mass" select e2; IEnumerable<XElement> unit = from e3 in dim.Elements("unit") where (string)e3.Attribute("name") == "kilogram" select e3; IEnumerable<XElement> factor = from e4 in unit.Elements("factor") where (string)e4.Attribute("name") == "pound" && (string)e4.Attribute("foreignsystem") == "US" select e4; foreach (XElement ex in factor) { Console.WriteLine ((string)ex.Attribute("value")); }

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  • Refactoring exercise with generics

    - by Berryl
    I have a variation on a Quantity (Fowler) class that is designed to facilitate conversion between units. The type is declared as: public class QuantityConvertibleUnits<TFactory> where TFactory : ConvertableUnitFactory, new() { ... } In order to do math operations between dissimilar units, I convert the right hand side of the operation to the equivalent Quantity of whatever unit the left hand side is in, and do the math on the amount (which is a double) before creating a new Quantity. Inside the generic Quantity class, I have the following: protected static TQuantity _Add<TQuantity>(TQuantity lhs, TQuantity rhs) where TQuantity : QuantityConvertibleUnits<TFactory>, new() { var toUnit = lhs.ConvertableUnit; var equivalentRhs = _Convert<TQuantity>(rhs.Quantity, toUnit); var newAmount = lhs.Quantity.Amount + equivalentRhs.Quantity.Amount; return _Convert<TQuantity>(new Quantity(newAmount, toUnit.Unit), toUnit); } protected static TQuantity _Subtract<TQuantity>(TQuantity lhs, TQuantity rhs) where TQuantity : QuantityConvertibleUnits<TFactory>, new() { var toUnit = lhs.ConvertableUnit; var equivalentRhs = _Convert<TQuantity>(rhs.Quantity, toUnit); var newAmount = lhs.Quantity.Amount - equivalentRhs.Quantity.Amount; return _Convert<TQuantity>(new Quantity(newAmount, toUnit.Unit), toUnit); } ... same for multiply and also divide I need to get the typing right for a concrete Quantity, so an example of an add op looks like: public static ImperialLengthQuantity operator +(ImperialLengthQuantity lhs, ImperialLengthQuantity rhs) { return _Add(lhs, rhs); } The question is those verbose methods in the Quantity class. The only change between the code is the math operator (+, -, *, etc.) so it seems that there should be a way to refactor them into a common method, but I am just not seeing it. How can I refactor that code? Cheers, Berryl

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  • Sorting by custom field and fetching whole tree from DB

    - by Niaxon
    Hello everyone, I am trying to do file browser in a tree form and have a problem to sort it somehow. I use PHP and MySQL for that. I've created mixed (nested set + adjacency) table 'element' with the following fields: element_id, left_key, right_key, level, parent_id, element_name, element_type (enum: 'folder','file'), element_size. Let's not discuss right now that it is better to move information about element (name, type, size) into other table. Function to scan specified directory and fill table work correctly. Noteworthy, i am adding elements to tree in specific order: folders first and then files. After that i can easily fetch and display whole table on the page using simple query: SELECT * FROM element WHERE 1=1 ORDER BY left_key With the result of that query and another function i can generate correct html code (<ul><li>... and so on). to display tree. Now back to the question (finally, huh?). I am struggling to add sorting functionality. For example i want to order my result by size. Here i need to keep in my mind whole hierarchy of tree and rule: folders first, files later. I believe i can do that by generating in PHP recursive query: SELECT * FROM element WHERE parent_id = {$parentId} ORDER BY element_type (so folders would be first), size (or name for example) asc/desc After that for each result which has type = 'folder' i will send another query to get it's content. Also it's possible to fetch whole tree by left_key and after that sort it in PHP as array but i guess that would be worse :) I wonder if there is better and more efficient way to do such a thing?

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  • Flag bit computation and detection

    - by Majid
    Hi all, In some code I'm working on I should take care of ten independent parameters which can take one of two values (0 or 1). This creates 2^10 distinct conditions. Some of the conditions never occur and can be left out, but those which do occur are still A LOT and making a switch to handle all cases is insane. I want to use 10 if statements instead of a huge switch. For this I know I should use flag bits, or rather flag bytes as the language is javascript and its easier to work with a 10 byte string with to represent a 10-bit binary. Now, my problem is, I don't know how to implement this. I have seen this used in APIs where multiple-selectable options are exposed with numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, ... , n^(n-1) which are decimal equivalents of 1, 10, 100, 1000, etc. in binary. So if we make call like bar = foo(7), bar will be an object with whatever options the three rightmost flags enable. I can convert the decimal number into binary and in each if statement check to see if the corresponding digit is set or not. But I wonder, is there a way to determine the n-th digit of a decimal number is zero or one in binary form, without actually doing the conversion?

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  • finding ALL cycles in a huge sparse matrix

    - by Andy
    Hi there, First of all I'm quite a Java beginner, so I'm not sure if this is even possible! Basically I have a huge (3+million) data source of relational data (i.e. A is friends with B+C+D, B is friends with D+G+Z (but not A - i.e. unmutual) etc.) and I want to find every cycle within this (not necessarily connected) directed graph. I've found this thread (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/546655/finding-all-cycles-in-graph/549402#549402) which has pointed me to Donald Johnson's (elementary) cycle-finding algorithm which, superficially at least, looks like it'll do what I'm after (I'm going to try when I'm back at work on Tuesday - thought it wouldn't hurt to ask in the meanwhile!). I had a quick scan through the code of the Java implementation of Johnson's algorithm (in that thread) and it looks like a matrix of relations is the first step, so I guess my questions are: a) Is Java capable of handling a 3+million*3+million matrix? (was planning on representing A-friends-with-B by a binary sparse matrix) b) Do I need to find every connected subgraph as my first problem, or will cycle-finding algorithms handle disjoint data? c) Is this actually an appropriate solution for the problem? My understanding of "elementary" cycles is that in the graph below, rather than picking out A-B-C-D-E-F it'll pick out A-B-F, B-C-D etc. but that's not the end of the world given the task. E / \ D---F / \ / \ C---B---A d) If necessary, I can simplify the problem by enforcing mutuality in relations - i.e. A-friends-with-B <== B-friends-with-A, and if really necessary I can maybe cut down the data size, but realistically it is always going to be around the 1mil mark. z) Is this a P or NP task?! Am I biting off more than I can chew? Thanks all, any help appreciated! Andy

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  • Vehicle License Plate Detection

    - by Ash
    Hey all Basically for my final project at university, I'm developing a vehicle license plate detection application. Now I consider myself an intermediate programmer, however my mathematics knowledge lacks anything above secondary school, therefore producing detection formulae is basically impossible. I've spend a good amount of time looking up academic papers such as: http://www.scribd.com/doc/266575/Detecting-Vehicle-License-Plates-in-Images http://www.cic.unb.br/~mylene/PI_2010_2/ICIP10/pdfs/0003945.pdf http://www.eurasip.org/Proceedings/Eusipco/Eusipco2007/Papers/d3l-b05.pdf When it comes to the maths, I'm lost. Due to this testing various graphic images proved productive, for example: to However this approach is only catered to that particular image, and if the techniques were applied to different images, I'm sure a different, most likely poorer conversion would occur. I've read about a formula called the bottom hat morphology transform, which according to the first does the following: "Basically, the trans- formation keeps all the dark details of the picture, and eliminates everything else (including bigger dark regions and light regions)." Sadly I can't find much information on this, however the image within the documentation near the end of the report shows it's effectiveness. I'm aware this is complicated and vast, I'd just appreciate a little advice, even in terms of what transformation techniques I should focus on developing, or algorithm regarding edge detection or pixel detection. Few things I need to add Developing in C Sharp Confining the project to UK registration plates only I can basically choose the images to convert as a demonstration Thanks

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  • Generic property- specify the type at runtime

    - by Lirik
    I was reading a question on making a generic property, but I'm a little confused at by the last example from the first answer (I've included the relevant code below): You have to know the type at compile time. If you don't know the type at compile time then you must be storing it in an object, in which case you can add the following property to the Foo class: public object ConvertedValue { get { return Convert.ChangeType(Value, Type); } } That's seems strange: it's converting the value to the specified type, but it's returning it as an object when the value was stored as an object. Doesn't the returned object still require un-boxing? If it does, then why bother with the conversion of the type? I'm also trying to make a generic property whose type will be determined at run time: public class Foo { object Value {get;set;} Type ValType{get;set;} Foo(object value, Type type) { Value = value; ValType = type; } // I need a property that is actually // returned as the specified value type... public object ConvertedValue { get { return Convert.ChangeType(Value, ValType); } } } Is it possible to make a generic property? Does the return property still require unboxing after it's accessed?

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  • PHP: What is an efficient way to parse a text file containing very long lines?

    - by Shaun
    I'm working on a parser in php which is designed to extract MySQL records out of a text file. A particular line might begin with a string corresponding to which table the records (rows) need to be inserted into, followed by the records themselves. The records are delimited by a backslash and the fields (columns) are separated by commas. For the sake of simplicity, let's assume that we have a table representing people in our database, with fields being First Name, Last Name, and Occupation. Thus, one line of the file might be as follows [People] = "\Han,Solo,Smuggler\Luke,Skywalker,Jedi..." Where the ellipses (...) could be additional people. One straightforward approach might be to use fgets() to extract a line from the file, and use preg_match() to extract the table name, records, and fields from that line. However, let's suppose that we have an awful lot of Star Wars characters to track. So many, in fact, that this line ends up being 200,000+ characters/bytes long. In such a case, taking the above approach to extract the database information seems a bit inefficient. You have to first read hundreds of thousands of characters into memory, then read back over those same characters to find regex matches. Is there a way, similar to the Java String next(String pattern) method of the Scanner class constructed using a file, that allows you to match patterns in-line while scanning through the file? The idea is that you don't have to scan through the same text twice (to read it from the file into a string, and then to match patterns) or store the text redundantly in memory (in both the file line string and the matched patterns). Would this even yield a significant increase in performance? It's hard to tell exactly what PHP or Java are doing behind the scenes.

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  • Trying to use HttpWebRequest to load a page in a file.

    - by Malcolm
    Hi, I have a ASP.NET MVC app that works fine in the browser. I am using the following code to be able to write the html of a retrieved page to a file. (This is to use in a PDF conversion component) But this code errors out continually but not in the browser. I get timeout errors sometimes asn 500 errors. Public Function GetPage(ByVal url As String, ByVal filename As String) As Boolean Dim request As HttpWebRequest Dim username As String Dim password As String Dim docid As String Dim poststring As String Dim bytedata() As Byte Dim requestStream As Stream Try username = "pdfuser" password = "pdfuser" docid = "docid=inv12154" poststring = String.Format("username={0}&password={1}&{2}", username, password, docid) bytedata = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(poststring) request = WebRequest.Create(url) request.Method = "Post" request.ContentLength = bytedata.Length request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" requestStream = request.GetRequestStream() requestStream.Write(bytedata, 0, bytedata.Length) requestStream.Close() request.Timeout = 60000 Dim response As HttpWebResponse Dim responseStream As Stream Dim reader As StreamReader Dim sb As New StringBuilder() Dim line As String = String.Empty response = request.GetResponse() responseStream = response.GetResponseStream() reader = New StreamReader(responseStream, System.Text.Encoding.ASCII) line = reader.ReadLine() While (Not line Is Nothing) sb.Append(line) line = reader.ReadLine() End While File.WriteAllText(filename, sb.ToString()) Catch ex As Exception MsgBox(ex.Message) End Try Return True End Function

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  • CGLIB proxy error after spring bean definition loading into XmlWebApplicationContext at runtime

    - by VasylV
    I load additional singleton beans definitions at runtime from external jar file into existing XmlWebApplicationContext of my application: BeanFactory beanFactory = xmlWebApplicationContext.getBeanFactory(); DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultFactory = (DefaultListableBeanFactory)beanFactory; final URL url = new URL("external.jar"); final URL[] urls = {url}; ClassLoader loader = new URLClassLoader(urls, this.getClass().getClassLoader()); defaultFactory.setBeanClassLoader(loader); final ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(defaultFactory); final DefaultResourceLoader resourceLoader = new DefaultResourceLoader(); resourceLoader.setClassLoader(loader); scanner.setResourceLoader(resourceLoader); scanner.scan("com.*"); Object bean = xmlWebApplicationContext.getBean("externalBean"); After all above xmlWebApplicationContext contains all external definitions of beans. But when i am trying to get bean from context exception is thrown: Couldn't generate CGLIB proxy for class ... I saw in debug mode that in the bean initialization process first time proxy is generated by org.springframework.aop.aspectj.autoproxy.AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator and than it is tried to generate proxy with org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator but fails with mentioned exception.

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  • Why does Tex/Latex not speed up in subsequent runs?

    - by Debilski
    I really wonder, why even recent systems of Tex/Latex do not use any caching to speed up later runs. Every time that I fix a single comma*, calling Latex costs me about the same amount of time, because it needs to load and convert every single picture file. (* I know that even changing a tiny comma could affect the whole structure but of course, a well-written cache format could see the impact of that. Also, there might be situations where 100% correctness is not needed as long as it’s fast.) Is there something in the language of Tex which makes this complicated or impossible to accomplish or is it just that in the original implementation of Tex, there was no need for this (because it would have been slow anyway on those large computers)? But then on the other hand, why doesn’t this annoy other people so much that they’ve started a fork which has some sort of caching (or transparent conversion of Tex files to a format which is faster to parse)? Is there anything I can do to speed up subsequent runs of Latex? Except from putting all the stuff into chapterXX.tex files and then commenting them out?

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  • C++0x rvalue references and temporaries

    - by Doug
    (I asked a variation of this question on comp.std.c++ but didn't get an answer.) Why does the call to f(arg) in this code call the const ref overload of f? void f(const std::string &); //less efficient void f(std::string &&); //more efficient void g(const char * arg) { f(arg); } My intuition says that the f(string &&) overload should be chosen, because arg needs to be converted to a temporary no matter what, and the temporary matches the rvalue reference better than the lvalue reference. This is not what happens in GCC and MSVC. In at least G++ and MSVC, any lvalue does not bind to an rvalue reference argument, even if there is an intermediate temporary created. Indeed, if the const ref overload isn't present, the compilers diagnose an error. However, writing f(arg + 0) or f(std::string(arg)) does choose the rvalue reference overload as you would expect. From my reading of the C++0x standard, it seems like the implicit conversion of a const char * to a string should be considered when considering if f(string &&) is viable, just as when passing a const lvalue ref arguments. Section 13.3 (overload resolution) doesn't differentiate between rvalue refs and const references in too many places. Also, it seems that the rule that prevents lvalues from binding to rvalue references (13.3.3.1.4/3) shouldn't apply if there's an intermediate temporary - after all, it's perfectly safe to move from the temporary. Is this: Me misreading/misunderstand the standard, where the implemented behavior is the intended behavior, and there's some good reason why my example should behave the way it does? A mistake that the compiler vendors have somehow all made? Or a mistake based on common implementation strategies? Or a mistake in e.g. GCC (where this lvalue/rvalue reference binding rule was first implemented), that was copied by other vendors? A defect in the standard, or an unintended consequence, or something that should be clarified?

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  • Read Java in as Hex

    - by James
    Hi, I have tried to solve this but I keep coming up with stuff that is no help I'm sure this is easy (when you know how of course ;) ) What I would like to do is read in a file using a byte stream like below: while((read = in.read()) != -1){ //code removed to save space Integer.toHexString(read); System.out.println(read); } When it prints out the Hex to the screen it will print out numbers fine e.g 31 13 12 0 but when it comes to a hex code that should be 01 31 it will print 0 131. I want to read it in to a variable like you would see in a hex editor i.e 00 11 21 31 no single numbers as i need to scan the whole file and look for patterns which I know how to do I'm just stuck on this :/ so in short i need a variabe to contain the two hex characters i.e int temp = 01 not int temp = 0 , I hope this all makes sense, I'm a little confused as it's 3am! If anyone knows how to do this I would be most greatful, p.s thanks for the help in advance this site has saved me loads of research and have learnt a lot! Many thanks.

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  • Use interface between model and view in ASP.NET MVC

    - by Icerman
    Hi, I am using asp.net MVC 2 to develop a site. IUser is used to be the interface between model and view for better separation of concern. However, things turn to a little messy here. In the controller that handles user sign on: I have the following: IUserBll userBll = new UserBll(); IUser newUser = new User(); newUser.Username = answers[0].ToString(); newUser.Email = answers[1].ToString(); userBll.AddUser(newUser); The User class is defined in web project as a concrete class implementing IUser. There is a similar class in DAL implementing the same interface and used to persist data. However, when the userBll.AddUser is called, the newUser of type User can't be casted to the DAL User class even though both Users class implementing the interface (InvalidCastException). Using conversion operators maybe an option, but it will make the dependency between DAL and web which is against the initial goal of using interface. Any suggestions?

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  • Problem importing Oracle .dmp file

    - by BitFiddler
    So I have looked at all the suggested ways of importing .dmp files and non of them seem to answer this question: where does the data go once you import it? Context: I created a user like so: SQL> create user IMPORTER identified by "12345"; SQL> grant connect, unlimited tablespace, resource to IMPORTER; I then ran the 'imp' command as follows: C:\>imp system/password FROMUSER=OVIEDOE TOUSER=IMPORTER file=c:\database1.dmp Now there were 9 .dmp files, after each one it asked me for the next one and then I received the message "Import terminated successfully with warnings." The warning was: Warning: the objects were exported by OVIEDOE, not by you import done in WE8MSWIN1252 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set export client uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set (possible charset conversion) IMP-00046: using FILESIZE value from export file of 2147483648 Now it says it was terminated successfully so my assumption (I am new to oracle so this may be wrong) is that the data was loaded. However, when I use SQL developer to connect to the database and look under the 'tables' node under the IMPORTER user, there is nothing there. What is going on? Did the data load? If so, where can I find it?

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  • How to eliminate tearing from animation?

    - by MusiGenesis
    I'm running an animation in a WinForms app at 18.66666... frames per second (it's synced with music at 140 BPM, which is why the frame rate is weird). Each cel of the animation is pre-calculated, and the animation is driven by a high-resolution multimedia timer. The animation itself is smooth, but I am seeing a significant amount of "tearing", or artifacts that result from cels being caught partway through a screen refresh. When I take the set of cels rendered by my program and write them out to an AVI file, and then play the AVI file in Windows Media Player, I do not see any tearing at all. I assume that WMP plays the file smoothly because it uses DirectX (or something else) and is able to synchronize the rendering with the screen's refresh activity. It's not changing the frame rate, as the animation stays in sync with the audio. Is this why WMP is able to render the animation without tearing, or am I missing something? Is there any way I can use DirectX (or something else) in order to enable my program to be aware of where the current scan line is, and if so, is there any way I can use that information to eliminate tearing without actually using DirectX for displaying the cels? Or do I have to fully use DirectX for rendering in order to deal with this problem? Update: forgot a detail. My app renders each cell onto a PictureBox using Graphics.DrawImage. Is this significantly slower than using BitBlt, such that I might eliminate at least some of the tearing by using BitBlt?

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  • Postgre database ignoring created index ?!

    - by drasto
    I have an Postgre database and a table called my_table. There are 4 columns in that table (id, column1, column2, column3). The id column is primary key, there are no other constrains or indexes on columns. The table has about 200000 rows. I want to print out all rows which has value of column column2 equal(case insensitive) to 'value12'. I use this: SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE column2 = lower('value12') here is the execution plan for this statement(result of set enable_seqscan=on; EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE column2 = lower('value12')): Seq Scan on my_table (cost=0.00..4676.00 rows=10000 width=55) Filter: ((column2)::text = 'value12'::text) I consider this to be to slow so I create an index on column column2 for better prerformance of searches: CREATE INDEX my_index ON my_table (lower(column2)) Now I ran the same select: SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE column2 = lower('value12') and I expect it to be much faster because it can use index. However it is not faster, it is as slow as before. So I check the execution plan and it is the same as before(see above). So it still uses sequential scen and it ignores the index! Where is the problem ?

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  • Add less than integer variable to string search

    - by user1691832
    I'm scanning a text document for certain installed programs on a computer and looking for an easy way to include a greater or less than variable in the string I'm scanning for. Here is a very ugly and cumbersome example of what I'm using currently and while it works as a temporary fix, isn't practical or sustainable. If CheckBox2.Checked Then sReader.Close() If text.Contains("Adobe Flash Player 11 Plugin") And text.Contains("Adobe Flash Player 11 ActiveX") Then Else If text.Contains("Adobe Flash Player 12 Plugin") And text.Contains("Adobe Flash Player 12 ActiveX") Then Else If text.Contains("Adobe Flash Player 13 Plugin") And text.Contains("Adobe Flash Player 13 ActiveX") Then Else '(Goes ahead and does a silent install of the missing or outdated program) So far I've run into this problem with both Adobe Flash and Java RTE and am certain to run into it with future programs. Essentially I need to scan for "Adobe Flash Player (Any number less than 11) Plugin" , "Adobe Flash Player (Any number less than 11) ActiveX" , "Java (number less than 9) Update (any number)". I'm sure whatever solution is offered can likely be adapted to similar programs I'm likely to encounter later. Thanks ----- Edit ----- I've since tried the following code but it always returns the "Found" messagebox, even when no version of adobe flash is present in the file it is scanning. If CheckBox2.Checked Then sReader.Close() Dim options As RegexOptions = RegexOptions.None Dim regex As Regex = New Regex("Adobe Flash Player (?<version>\d+) (Plugin|ActiveX)", options) Dim input As String = "Adobe Flash Player 11 Plugin" ' Get match Dim match As Match = regex.Match(input) Dim version As String = match.Groups("version").Value If (match.Success) Then MessageBox.Show("Version 11 or higher found, skipping install") Else MessageBox.Show("Version 11 or higher not found, installing Version 11")

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  • fastest way to crawl recursive ntfs directories in C++

    - by Peter Parker
    I have written a small crawler to scan and resort directory structures. It based on dirent(which is a small wrapper around FindNextFileA) In my first benchmarks it is surprisingy slow: around 123473ms for 4500 files(thinkpad t60p local samsung 320 GB 2.5" HD). 121481 files found in 123473 milliseconds Is this speed normal? This is my code: int testPrintDir(std::string strDir, std::string strPattern="*", bool recurse=true){ struct dirent *ent; DIR *dir; dir = opendir (strDir.c_str()); int retVal = 0; if (dir != NULL) { while ((ent = readdir (dir)) != NULL) { if (strcmp(ent->d_name, ".") !=0 && strcmp(ent->d_name, "..") !=0){ std::string strFullName = strDir +"\\"+std::string(ent->d_name); std::string strType = "N/A"; bool isDir = (ent->data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) !=0; strType = (isDir)?"DIR":"FILE"; if ((!isDir)){ //printf ("%s <%s>\n", strFullName.c_str(),strType.c_str());//ent->d_name); retVal++; } if (isDir && recurse){ retVal += testPrintDir(strFullName, strPattern, recurse); } } } closedir (dir); return retVal; } else { /* could not open directory */ perror ("DIR NOT FOUND!"); return -1; } }

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  • Architecture for database analytics

    - by David Cournapeau
    Hi, We have an architecture where we provide each customer Business Intelligence-like services for their website (internet merchant). Now, I need to analyze those data internally (for algorithmic improvement, performance tracking, etc...) and those are potentially quite heavy: we have up to millions of rows / customer / day, and I may want to know how many queries we had in the last month, weekly compared, etc... that is the order of billions entries if not more. The way it is currently done is quite standard: daily scripts which scan the databases, and generate big CSV files. I don't like this solutions for several reasons: as typical with those kinds of scripts, they fall into the write-once and never-touched-again category tracking things in "real-time" is necessary (we have separate toolset to query the last few hours ATM). this is slow and non-"agile" Although I have some experience in dealing with huge datasets for scientific usage, I am a complete beginner as far as traditional RDBM go. It seems that using column-oriented database for analytics could be a solution (the analytics don't need most of the data we have in the app database), but I would like to know what other options are available for this kind of issues.

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  • floating point equality in Python and in general

    - by eric.frederich
    I have a piece of code that behaves differently depending on whether I go through a dictionary to get conversion factors or whether I use them directly. The following piece of code will print 1.0 == 1.0 -> False But if you replace factors[units_from] with 10.0 and factors[units_to ] with 1.0 / 2.54 it will print 1.0 == 1.0 -> True #!/usr/bin/env python base = 'cm' factors = { 'cm' : 1.0, 'mm' : 10.0, 'm' : 0.01, 'km' : 1.0e-5, 'in' : 1.0 / 2.54, 'ft' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0, 'yd' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 3.0, 'mile' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 5280, 'lightyear' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 5280 / 5.87849981e12, } # convert 25.4 mm to inches val = 25.4 units_from = 'mm' units_to = 'in' base_value = val / factors[units_from] ret = base_value * factors[units_to ] print ret, '==', 1.0, '->', ret == 1.0 Let me first say that I am pretty sure what is going on here. I have seen it before in C, just never in Python but since Python in implemented in C we're seeing it. I know that floating point numbers will change values going from a CPU register to cache and back. I know that comparing what should be two equal variables will return false if one of them was paged out while the other stayed resident in a register. Questions What is the best way to avoid problems like this?... In Python or in general. Am I doing something completely wrong? Side Note This is obviously part of a stripped down example but what I'm trying to do is come with with classes of length, volume, etc that can compare against other objects of the same class but with different units. Rhetorical Questions If this is a potentially dangerous problem since it makes programs behave in an undetermanistic matter, should compilers warn or error when they detect that you're checking equality of floats Should compilers support an option to replace all float equality checks with a 'close enough' function? Do compilers already do this and I just can't find the information.

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  • Compilation errors calling find_if using a functor

    - by Jim Wong
    We are having a bit of trouble using find_if to search a vector of pairs for an entry in which the first element of the pair matches a particular value. To make this work, we have defined a trivial functor whose operator() takes a pair as input and compares the first entry against a string. Unfortunately, when we actually add a call to find_if using an instance of our functor constructed using a temporary string value, the compiler produces a raft of error messages. Oddly (to me, anyway), if we replace the temporary with a string that we've created on the stack, things seem to work. Here's what the code (including both versions) looks like: typedef std::pair<std::string, std::string> MyPair; typedef std::vector<MyPair> MyVector; struct MyFunctor: std::unary_function <const MyPair&, bool> { explicit MyFunctor(const std::string& val) : m_val(val) {} bool operator() (const MyPair& p) { return p.first == m_val; } const std::string m_val; }; bool f(const char* s) { MyFunctor f(std::string(s)); // ERROR // std::string str(s); // MyFunctor f(str); // OK MyVector vec; MyVector::const_iterator i = std::find_if(vec.begin(), vec.end(), f); return i != vec.end(); } And here's what the most interesting error message looks like: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_algo.h:260: error: conversion from ‘std::pair, std::allocator , std::basic_string, std::allocator ’ to non-scalar type ‘std::string’ requested Because we have a workaround, we're mostly curious as to why the first form causes problems. I'm sure we're missing something, but we haven't been able to figure out what it is.

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  • The mathematics of Schellings segregation model

    - by Bruce
    For those who don't know the model. You can read this pdf. I want to find what is the probability that 2 nodes are each others neighbors when the algorithm converges (i.e. when all nodes are happy). Here's the model in a gist. You have a grid (say 10x10). You have nodes of two kind (red and green) 45 each. So we have 10 empty spaces. We randomly place the nodes on the grid. Now we scan through this grid (Exact order does not matter according to Schelling). Each node wants a specific percentage of people of same kind in its Moore neighborhood (say b = 50% for each red and green). We calculate the happiness of each node (a = Number of neighbors of same kind/Number of neighbors of different kind). If a node is unhappy (a < b) it moves to an empty cell where it knows it will be happy. This movement can change the dynamics of old as well as new neighborhood. Algorithm converges when all nodes are happy. PS - I am looking for links for any mathematical analysis of the Schelling's model.

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  • Dynamic loading of shared objects using dlopen()

    - by Andy
    Hi, I'm working on a plain X11 app. By default, my app only requires libX11.so and the standard gcc C and math libs. My app has also support for extensions like Xfixes and Xrender and the ALSA sound system. But this feature shall be made optional, i.e. if Xfixes/Xrender/ALSA is installed on the host system, my app will offer extended functionality. If Xfixes or Xrender or ALSA is not there, my app will still run but some functionality will not be available. To achieve this behaviour, I'm not linking dynamically against -lXfixes, -lXrender and -lasound. Instead, I'm opening these libraries manually using dlopen(). By doing it this way, I can be sure that my app won't fail in case one of these optional components is not present. Now to my question: What library names should I use when calling dlopen()? I've seen that these differ from distro to distro. For example, on openSUSE 11, they're named the following: libXfixes.so libXrender.so libasound.so On Ubuntu, however, the names have a version number attached, like this: libXfixes.so.3 libXrender.so.1 libasound.so.2 So trying to open "libXfixes.so" would fail on Ubuntu, although the lib is obviously there. It just has a version number attached. So how should my app handle this? Should I let my app scan /usr/lib/ first manually to see which libs we have and then choose an appropriate one? Or does anyone have a better idea? Thanks guys, Andy

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