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• Apache 2.4 Prefork vs. PHP-FPM Event shows sig decrease in requests per second

  - by Mark

  On my Apache 2.4.2 server with a standard mod_php Prefork setup these are my server-status results Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:36:24 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 01:27:30 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 18 hours 8 minutes 54 seconds Total accesses: 14304233 - Total Traffic: 342.3 GB CPU Usage: u12584.6 s721.93 cu.66 cs3.43 - 20.4% CPU load 219 requests/sec - 5.4 MB/second - 25.1 kB/request 507 requests currently being processed, 355 idle workers ______KKKKR_K______W_KKC___CKK_K_K_W__CC_KKK_KK._K_K_KK._KKKK_K_ K_____KK_KKKK_K_KK__K___KK_K___K_____CKKK_WK_K_____KCKK__K___K_K K_CK_K_K_____K__KKKK_K__K___K_KK_K_K_KKKCK____________KK_CK__KKK __C_KKKKKKK___CK___C_KKK_K__C__K_CK____KKK__K__K__K_K__KK_CK_K__ _KKKKK_K_W__KK______K___K__W___C_K__K____KKKKKKKK.KKKKKKKCK_K___ _C_KK_K_WK__K_KK__K__RK_KK___K____K_KK_K_K___RKC_KKKK___KKKC_K_W _C_KK_KK__W____KC__KKK__KKK___K___KKK_KK_K_KKW__K_KR_KK_KK__KKK_ R__KKK__KKKKKK__K_KKKKK_K__K_K___KKW_________KK_K___KKK___KK.K_C KKKKKKW_____K__K_KKC_KCKK_K_KK_K__KK__K___K__KK_KK__________KK__ __K___KK_K__K_C_KK_K___KK__KK__K__KCK_K__KK_________K_K_KK__.K__ K_CKK.CCRW__KKKKKKKKKKKC__W____K___KWK_KK_KKC______.K_K_KK_KKKC_ __KKK_W_KCKKK_K_K____CCCK__KC_KKKK_K____K_CK_K____K__K____KKK_KK KK___K_K_K__KW__KCKKKK____WKWK__K_KKRKK__C_K_KK_KK_K__KKCC_K__C_ KK_K___K_KK______K_____CKK_K_______KK_CKCK__KKKKK____K__K..K____ __KKWK_KW__KKK__K_KKK___K_KK_KKK__KK___KK___KK_KK___KK____KKWKKC KK_KKKK_................................` When I switch to a PHP-FPM setup with the Event MPM with no other variables changes, my requests/sec plummet and overall apache response is garbage. Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:51:21 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:48:03 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 3 minutes 18 seconds Total accesses: 18720 - Total Traffic: 307.1 MB CPU Usage: u16.57 s4.74 cu0 cs0 - 10.8% CPU load 94.5 requests/sec - 1.6 MB/second - 16.8 kB/request 15 requests currently being processed, 49 idle workers PID Connections Threads Async connections total accepting busy idle writing keep-alive closing 11701 114 no 10 22 0 66 38 11702 134 no 5 27 0 81 48 Sum 248 15 49 0 147 86 __R_R__W___RRW________RR__R___W_W_______W_____W_____________R_R_ Is there any obvious reason anyone could think of why this would be the case. I can provide any other additional stats or server setup info to help out. Ive tried tweaking everything up and down and nothing really helps get the PHP-FPM setup anywhere near a baseic prefork/mod-php setup. Thanks!

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• Unusual Caching Issue with IE 7/8 and IIS 7

  - by Daniel A. White

  We recently moved a site into production running Server 2008 x64 and IIS 7. The ASP.NET pages apparently load just fine, but when it comes to IE 7 and 8, a weird caching issue has cropped up with the CSS and JavaScript files on the page. On a very sporadic schedule, IE does not get all the files necessary to compose the page (i.e. CSS and JS files). When I manually go to the missing files from the address bar, they come back from local cache as empty. I F5 these source files and magically they come down properly. I refresh the site after loading a few files and the cache seems to hold. This problem has only been reproduced (again, sporadically) on IE 7 and 8 running XP. Chrome and Firefox appear to be immune. We have set IIS to use server-side kernel caching for CSS, JS and images. We also have set to expire content for the App_Themes and Scripts directories to expire immediately. One initial thought it was a SWF loading an FLV on page load. These fixes have not remedied the problem. We had no problems on our staging server which is using Server 2003 and IIS 6. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated. P.S. It sounds similar to this problem: but we do have the Static Content module installed. http://serverfault.com/questions/115099/iis-content-length-0-for-css-javascript-and-images

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• Apple Service Diagnostic application on USB key?

  - by Matt 'Trouble' Esse

  I found the following in a text file, and I would like to use the Apple Service Diagnostic Application from a bootable USB key but I cannot find where to download it or set it up? Also is this free software or does it require a separate licence? It sounds like it would be a useful tool for diagnosing Mac problems. The Apple Service Diagnostic application is designed to run both EFI and Mac OS X tests from an external USB hard drive. Apple Service Diagnostic (EFI) runs low-level tests of the hardware directly and does not require Mac OS X, while Apple Service Diagnostic (OS) uses Mac OS X to run tests. Booting and Using the Apple Service Diagnostic Application - Before using Apple Service Diagnostic, disconnect any Ethernet network, USB, and audio cables. - With the USB hard drive containing ASD 3S123 plugged into a USB port, restart the computer and hold down the option key as the computer boots up into the Startup Manager. To run ASD (EFI) select the "ASD EFI 3S123" drive icon and press return or select it with a mouse click. To run ASD (OS) select the "ASD OS 3S123" drive icon and press return or select it with a mouse click. ASD (EFI) will load in 20-30 seconds; ASD (OS) will load in 2-3 minutes. - After running ASD (OS) or ASD (EFI), press the Restart button to restart the computer back into the normal startup volume, or hold down the option key to get back to the Startup Manager. ASD is no longer delivered as an image to be restored onto a DVD. ASD 3S117 and newer versions requires installation onto an external USB hard drive. For more information, please refer to the document "Installing ASD on a USB hard drive".

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• Intel Rapid Storage Technology (pre-OS) driver installation

  - by Nero theZero

  My desktop machine is built on Gigabyte GA-Z87-UD3H and Gigabyte provides the latest driver for Intel Rapid Storage Technology (IRST), which I installed after installing the OS. Same goes for my Lenovo Thinkpad-T420. And for both machine, checking the controller device under the IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers section in Device Manager I see the driver has been updated to the latest version. I set the SATA controller to AHCI from BIOS On the desktop machine I have one WD 2TB BLACK & one WD 3TB Green I don’t use RAID, & no chance of using in near future, but according to Intel IRST improves performance in single disk scenario too. Now I have the following questions – What is the actual purpose of IRST (pre-OS install) driver that doesn’t get served with a post-OS driver that I installed? There must be some difference, otherwise there wouldn’t be a pre-OS version of the driver. Right? In the pre-OS procedure (loading the drivers at OS-installation time) after successfully completing the OS installation, do I need that post-OS driver? Because after installing from that one I got a quick launch icon that runs the IRST configuration application. Where do get that after installing the pre-OS driver? As it is “pre-OS”, when I load it at OS-installation time, does it updates anything at BIOS level or anywhere other than HDD? That’s because I’m going to dual boot Windows 7 with Windows 8.1, and after installing Windows 7 when I install Windows 8.1 & load the IRST driver for that, is there any chance of any “overwriting” or OS-incompatibility? In short, is there anything specific to follow while installing the second OS?

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• Is 30 calls / second a lot for one IIS server?

  - by Lieven Cardoen

  We have a RIA application that 300 clients concurrently use in an intranet environment. Together they make 30 calls / second to IIS (asp.net) (actually it's 60 but calls are loadbalanced over two IIS servers). Half of the calls is getting an asset (Caching Profile is used so most of the time cache is hit), the other half is saving data to a sql server. Retrieving an asset is done with a aspx page. Saving the data happens via WebORB, asp.net and Sql Server. So some processing is needed by WebORB (amf decoding, GZIP, ...). We also use Spring.NET, and some of the container objects have a request scope (not a lot). IIS servers -- Virtual machines, 4 CPU, 2 gb RAM. They are based on Windows 2008 x64 SP2 Enterprise Edition. Sql Server 2008 is used. Apparently CPU of both IIS serers is constantly around 60-70%. Now, my question, is the load of 60-70% acceptable and how could we possible bring that down to less % (maybe using only one IIS server)? + Is 2 gb RAM enough? Assets can be up to 20mb, but on average, they are about 30kb. (the load of 60-70% is achieved with assets around 30kb). The data that gets saved with weborb is very small (2kb) and is just one object.

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• How to handle server failure in an n-tier architecture?

  - by andy

  Imagine I have an n-tier architecture in an auto-scaled cloud environment with say: a load balancer in a failover pair reverse proxy tier web app tier db tier Each tier needs to connect to the instances in the tier below. What are the standard ways of connecting tiers to make them resilient to failure of nodes in each tier? i.e. how does each tier get the IP addresses of each node in the tier below? For example if all reverse proxies should route traffic to all web app nodes, how could they be set up so that they don't send traffic to dead web app nodes, and so that when new web app nodes are brought online they can send traffic to it? I could run an agent that would update all the configs to all the nodes, but it seems inefficient. I could put an LB pair between each tier, so the tier above only needs to connect to the load balancers, but how do I handle the problem of the LBs dying? This just seems to shunt the problem of tier A needing to know the IPs of all nodes in tier B, to all nodes in tier A needing to know the IPs of all LBs between tiers A and B. For some applications, they can implement retry logic if they contact a node in the tier below that doesn't respond, but is there any way that some middleware could direct traffic to only live nodes in the following tier? If I was hosting on AWS I could use an ELB between tiers, but I want to know how I could achieve the same functionality myself. I've read (briefly) about heartbeat and keepalived - are these relevant here? What are the virtual IPs they talk about and how are they managed? Are there still single points of failure using them?

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• Installing mod_mono on Ubuntu: handler doesn't seem to get registered

  - by Trevor Johns

  I'm trying to install mod_mono on Apache 2 (Prefork MPM). I'm using Ubuntu Karmic, and just want an auto-hosting setup (so that any .aspx files are executed, similar to how PHP is normally setup). I did the following to install Mono: $ apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server2 mono-devel $ a2dismod mod_mono $ a2enmod mod_mono_auto I've confirmed that mod_mono is getting loaded by Apache. However, any .aspx pages I try to load are returned unprocessed and still have an application/x-asp-net MIME type. It's as if the mod_mono handler never gets registered with Apache. Here's the contents of /etc/mod_mono_auto.load: LoadModule mono_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_mono.so And here's /etc/mod_mono_auto.conf: MonoAutoApplication enabled AddType application/x-asp-net .aspx AddType application/x-asp-net .asmx AddType application/x-asp-net .ashx AddType application/x-asp-net .asax AddType application/x-asp-net .ascx AddType application/x-asp-net .soap AddType application/x-asp-net .rem AddType application/x-asp-net .axd AddType application/x-asp-net .cs AddType application/x-asp-net .config AddType application/x-asp-net .dll DirectoryIndex index.aspx DirectoryIndex Default.aspx DirectoryIndex default.aspx I've even tried setting the handler explicitly: AddHandler mono .aspx .ascx .asax .ashx .config .cs .asmx .asp Nothing seems to help. Any ideas how to get this working?

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• OpenVPN server throws an "access denied" error

  - by HackToHell

  OpenVPN refuses to start up and exists with this error ever since i upgraded Ubuntu from 1.04 to 11.10 Dec 14 19:12:38 oogle ovpn-server[32150]: OpenVPN 2.2.0 i686-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Jul 4 2011 Dec 14 19:12:38 oogle ovpn-server[32150]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Dec 14 19:12:38 oogle ovpn-server[32150]: Note: cannot open openvpn-status.log for WRITE Dec 14 19:12:38 oogle ovpn-server[32150]: Note: cannot open ipp.txt for READ/WRITE Dec 14 19:12:38 oogle ovpn-server[32150]: Diffie-Hellman initialized with 1024 bit key Dec 14 19:12:38 oogle ovpn-server[32150]: Cannot load private key file server.key: error:0200100D:system library:fopen:Permission denied: error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib: error:140B0002:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file:system lib Dec 14 19:12:38 oogle ovpn-server[32150]: Error: private key password verification failed Dec 14 19:12:38 oogle ovpn-server[32150]: Exiting Dec 14 19:12:46 oogle ovpn-server[32201]: OpenVPN 2.2.0 i686-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Jul 4 2011 Dec 14 19:12:46 oogle ovpn-server[32201]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Dec 14 19:12:46 oogle ovpn-server[32201]: Note: cannot open openvpn-status.log for WRITE Dec 14 19:12:46 oogle ovpn-server[32201]: Note: cannot open ipp.txt for READ/WRITE Dec 14 19:12:46 oogle ovpn-server[32201]: Diffie-Hellman initialized with 1024 bit key Dec 14 19:12:46 oogle ovpn-server[32201]: Cannot load private key file server.key: error:0200100D:system library:fopen:Permission denied: error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib: error:140B0002:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file:system lib Dec 14 19:12:46 oogle ovpn-server[32201]: Error: private key password verification failed Dec 14 19:12:46 oogle ovpn-server[32201]: Exiting

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• Xorg eating up too much RAM on Ubuntu 9.10 box

  - by Yang

  Xorg is eating up 444MB of 2GB total RAM on my Ubuntu 9.10 x86_64 machine with nvidia drivers installed for the nvidia G86 (GeForce 8300 GS). top shows: top - 18:21:41 up 6 days, 2:40, 9 users, load average: 0.46, 1.12, 1.22 Tasks: 266 total, 3 running, 262 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 8.4%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.1%id, 0.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2055736k total, 1965136k used, 90600k free, 3952k buffers Swap: 979924k total, 979908k used, 16k free, 102636k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1432 root 20 0 1154m 442m 7492 S 8 22.0 32:56.97 Xorg 18462 yang 20 0 1001m 219m 8356 S 0 10.9 5:13.25 chrome 24099 yang 20 0 865m 83m 13m S 0 4.2 0:06.91 chrome xrestop shows: xrestop - Display: :0.0 Monitoring 47 clients. XErrors: 0 Pixmaps: 40430K total, Other: 142K total, All: 40573K total res-base Wins GCs Fnts Pxms Misc Pxm mem Other Total PID Identifier 1c00000 21 46 1 19 697 9128K 18K 9146K 3169 x-nautilus-desktop 1000000 4 3 0 17 194 9000K 4K 9004K 3134 gnome-settings-daemon 1600000 51 2 1 25 1100 7648K 28K 7676K ? compiz For comparison, here's my other Ubuntu box, which also has compiz etc. enabled but with ATI RV370 (Radeon X300SE): top - 18:18:18 up 58 days, 4:27, 9 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 224 total, 1 running, 223 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.8%id, 0.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1024964k total, 987124k used, 37840k free, 247012k buffers Swap: 2048276k total, 94296k used, 1953980k free, 264744k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 24324 yang 20 0 61936 35m 6364 S 0 3.5 4:35.84 nxagent 1768 ntop 20 0 190m 32m 5388 S 1 3.2 283:36.15 ntop 1178 root 20 0 60588 29m 1788 S 0 3.0 5:48.89 console-kit-dae ... 1315 root 20 0 343m 4956 4020 S 0 0.5 3:43.87 Xorg Any ideas on how to get to the bottom of this? (i.e. not "Log out"/"Reboot") Thanks in advance.

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• "Windows cannot find" file when opening Excel spreadsheet

  - by DanH

  For all of my Excel spreadsheets when I attempt to open them (by double-clicking in explorer) I get the message "Windows cannot find C:...". The files are there, and are valid zip files as seen by 7-Zip. There are no apparent lock files in the directories. I did just install Norton-360 over the weekend (replacing Kasperski), but the Norton log shows no events related to Excel. However, while installing Norton I did reboot with some Excel files open. Presumably something is hosed in my Excel configuration but I don't know what. Update (Before actually posting) -- I found an article that suggested turning off Advanced Option "Ignore other applications that use DDE", then doing excel.exe /unregister followed by excel.exe /register. I tried this but I suspect that the two Excel calls were ignored (Excel opened, but no obvious change). With that option off the spreadsheets load OK, but not with it on. And, curiously, spreadsheets load OK with the option on or off if I open Excel first and then open the spreadsheet in it. Does anyone have any idea what effect leaving that option off will have? Update 2 -- I tried running the "repair" option. It said it corrected a couple of config things (without saying what they were), but I still get a failure if I double-click an Excel file with the "Ignore other applications..." option checked. Update 3 -- I managed to fix this problem, but failed at the time to come back and say what I did, and now I can't remember for sure. But I think it had something to do with "Options"/"Save" and some of the values there. Something to do with AutoRecover, perhaps. (Possibly there was a file in recovery and I had to specify "Disable AutoRecover for this workbook" to let bring-up get past it. Or perhaps the AutoRecover file location was hosed.) Anyway, if it happens to someone else, and you find the fix, post it below and I'll mark it answered.

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• Nginx + uWSGI + Django performance stuck on 100rq/s

  - by dancio

  I have configured Nginx with uWSGI and Django on CentOS 6 x64 (3.06GHz i3 540, 4GB), which should easily handle 2500 rq/s but when I run ab test ( ab -n 1000 -c 100 ) performance stops at 92 - 100 rq/s. Nginx: user nginx; worker_processes 2; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; } uWSGI: Emperor /usr/sbin/uwsgi --master --no-orphans --pythonpath /var/python --emperor /var/python/*/uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] socket = 127.0.0.2:3031 master = true processes = 5 env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=x.settings env = HTTPS=on module = django.core.handlers.wsgi:WSGIHandler() disable-logging = true catch-exceptions = false post-buffering = 8192 harakiri = 30 harakiri-verbose = true vacuum = true listen = 500 optimize = 2 sysclt changes: # Increase TCP max buffer size setable using setsockopt() net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 5000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 5000 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 2048 # Avoid a smurf attack net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 # Optimization for port usefor LBs # Increase system file descriptor limit fs.file-max = 65535 I did sysctl -p to enable changes. Idle server info: top - 13:34:58 up 102 days, 18:35, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 118 total, 1 running, 117 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3983068k total, 2125088k used, 1857980k free, 262528k buffers Swap: 2104504k total, 0k used, 2104504k free, 606996k cached free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3889 2075 1814 0 256 592 -/+ buffers/cache: 1226 2663 Swap: 2055 0 2055 **During the test:** top - 13:45:21 up 102 days, 18:46, 1 user, load average: 3.73, 1.51, 0.58 Tasks: 122 total, 8 running, 114 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 93.5%us, 5.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.1%hi, 1.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3983068k total, 2127564k used, 1855504k free, 262580k buffers Swap: 2104504k total, 0k used, 2104504k free, 608760k cached free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3889 2125 1763 0 256 595 -/+ buffers/cache: 1274 2615 Swap: 2055 0 2055 iotop 30141 be/4 nginx 0.00 B/s 7.78 K/s 0.00 % 0.00 % nginx: wo~er process Where is the bottleneck ? Or what am I doing wrong ?

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• Karmic iptables missing kernel moduyles on OpenVZ container

  - by luison

  After an unsuccessful p2v migration of my Ubuntu server to an OpenVZ container which I am stack with I thought I would give a try to a reinstall based on a clean OpenVZ template for Ubuntu 9.10 (from the OpenVZ wiki) When I try to load my iptables rules on the VM machine I've been getting errors which I believe are related to kernel modules not being loaded on the VM from the /vz/XXX.conf template model. I've been testing with a few post I've found but I was stack with the error: WARNING: Deprecated config file /etc/modprobe.conf, all config files belong into /etc/modprobe.d/. FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.24-10-pve/modules.dep: No such file or directory iptables-restore v1.4.4: iptables-restore: unable to initialize table 'raw' Error occurred at line: 2 Try `iptables-restore -h' or 'iptables-restore --help' for more information. I read about the template not loading all iptables modules so I added modules to the XXX.conf of the VZ virtual machine like this: IPTABLES="ip_tables iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_limit ipt_multiport ipt_tos ipt_TOS ipt_REJECT ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_LOG ipt_length ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_conntrack ipt_state ipt_helper iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc" As the error remained I read that I should build dependencies again on the virtual machine: depmod -a but this returned an error: WARNING: Couldn't open directory /lib/modules/2.6.24-10-pve: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not open /lib/modules/2.6.24-10-pve/modules.dep.temp for writing: No such file or directory So I read again about creating the directory empty and redoing "depmod -a" it. I now don't get the dependancies error but get this and I don't have a clue how to proceed: WARNING: Deprecated config file /etc/modprobe.conf, all config files belong into /etc/modprobe.d/. FATAL: Module ip_tables not found. iptables-restore v1.4.4: iptables-restore: unable to initialize table 'raw' Error occurred at line: 2 Try `iptables-restore -h' or 'iptables-restore --help' for more information. I understand that iptables rules have to be different on the VM machine and perhaps some of the rules we are trying to apply (from our physical server) are not compatible but these are just source IP and destination port checks that I would like to be able to have available . I've heard that on the CentOS template there are no issues with this, so I understand is to do with VM config. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Find out which task is generating a lot of context switches on linux

  - by Gaks

  According to vmstat, my Linux server (2xCore2 Duo 2.5 GHz) is constantly doing around 20k context switches per second. # vmstat 3 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 2 0 7292 249472 82340 2291972 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 13 79 0 0 0 7292 251808 82344 2291968 0 0 0 184 24 20090 1 1 99 0 0 0 7292 251876 82344 2291968 0 0 0 83 17 20157 1 0 99 0 0 0 7292 251876 82344 2291968 0 0 0 73 12 20116 1 0 99 0 ... but uptime shows small load: load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.01 and top doesn't show any process with high %CPU usage. How do I find out what exactly is generating those context switches? Which process/thread? I tried to analyze pidstat output: # pidstat -w 10 1 12:39:13 PID cswch/s nvcswch/s Command 12:39:23 1 0.20 0.00 init 12:39:23 4 0.20 0.00 ksoftirqd/0 12:39:23 7 1.60 0.00 events/0 12:39:23 8 1.50 0.00 events/1 12:39:23 89 0.50 0.00 kblockd/0 12:39:23 90 0.30 0.00 kblockd/1 12:39:23 995 0.40 0.00 kirqd 12:39:23 997 0.60 0.00 kjournald 12:39:23 1146 0.20 0.00 svscan 12:39:23 2162 5.00 0.00 kjournald 12:39:23 2526 0.20 2.00 postgres 12:39:23 2530 1.00 0.30 postgres 12:39:23 2534 5.00 3.20 postgres 12:39:23 2536 1.40 1.70 postgres 12:39:23 12061 10.59 0.90 postgres 12:39:23 14442 1.50 2.20 postgres 12:39:23 15416 0.20 0.00 monitor 12:39:23 17289 0.10 0.00 syslogd 12:39:23 21776 0.40 0.30 postgres 12:39:23 23638 0.10 0.00 screen 12:39:23 25153 1.00 0.00 sshd 12:39:23 25185 86.61 0.00 daemon1 12:39:23 25190 12.19 35.86 postgres 12:39:23 25295 2.00 0.00 screen 12:39:23 25743 9.99 0.00 daemon2 12:39:23 25747 1.10 3.00 postgres 12:39:23 26968 5.09 0.80 postgres 12:39:23 26969 5.00 0.00 postgres 12:39:23 26970 1.10 0.20 postgres 12:39:23 26971 17.98 1.80 postgres 12:39:23 27607 0.90 0.40 postgres 12:39:23 29338 4.30 0.00 screen 12:39:23 31247 4.10 23.58 postgres 12:39:23 31249 82.92 34.77 postgres 12:39:23 31484 0.20 0.00 pdflush 12:39:23 32097 0.10 0.00 pidstat Looks like some postgresql tasks are doing 10 context swiches per second, but it doesn't all sum up to 20k anyway. Any idea how to dig a little deeper for an answer?

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• Issue booting Linux Mint from Live CD?

  - by Vee

  I had Windows 8 and Linux Mint 15 dual booted on my laptop. When I first installed Linux, I wasn't able to load into because the grub would not show. To fix this, I used boot-repair from a Live CD. This time, I updated to Windows 8.1 and it showed a watermark telling me my secure boot wasn't configured properly. I then went and enabled secure boot (BIOS) and I believe it was after that that the Grub would not show once again. I tried to boot from a Linux CD again but when I try, it gives me the following errors: error: failure reading sector 0x0 from 'hd1' error: you need to load the kernel first. Press any key to continue... Before, it was giving me an error with sector 0x6d200 or something instead of 0x0. I am completely unsure of what to do. I do not know what other details to give except that this my have happened after I enabled secure boot, and I actually clicked reset to default setting so I am unsure if any other settings were changed in the BIOS menu.

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• Windows 2008 R2 AWS CloudFormation Elastic beanstalk configuration

  - by Webmonger

  I'm looking for some configuration advice. I have a need for a load balanced windows environment with shared media across all instances that are hosting the app. The best explanation i can give is that there will be multiple Windows 2008 server with IIS hosting the app going through an ELB to load balance. Users must be able to upload content (images, video etc...) to the site that will be hosted. When a user uploads media it needs to be kept on a shared location so all windows IIS instances can access the files, I can't host the files on S3 because of the app architecture so they need to be in a place where all IIS server will have access. In addition I need to run an update each IIS server instance that updates a local memory cache when SQL data is updated. I was thinking of a configuration like this: [ELB] - [Win 2008 IIS (multiple servers)] - [Win 2008 File & SQL Server(possibly RDS?)] Does this configuration make sense? If not could you provide an idea of how I should configure it. Thanks in advance

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• Is basing storage requirements based on IOPS sufficient?

  - by Boden

  The current system in question is running SBS 2003, and is going to be migrated on new hardware to SBS 2008. Currently I'm seeing on average 200-300 disk transfers per second total across all the arrays in the system. The array seeing the bulk of activity is a 6 disk 7200RPM RAID 6 and it struggles to keep up during high traffic times (idle time often only 10-20%; response times peaking 20-50+ ms). Based on some rough calculations this makes sense (avg ~245 IOPS on this array at 70/30 read to write ratio). I'm considering using a much simpler disk configuration using a single RAID 10 array of 10K disks. Using the same parameters for my calculations above, I'm getting 583 average random IOPS / sec. Granted SBS 2008 is not the same beast as 2003, but I'd like to make the assumption that it'll be similar in terms of disk performance, if not better (Exchange 2007 is easier on the disk and there's no ISA server). Am I correct in believing that the proposed system will be sufficient in terms of performance, or am I missing something? I've read so much about recommended disk configurations for various products like Exchange, and they often mention things like dedicating spindles to logs, etc. I understand the reasoning behind this, but if I've got more than enough random I/O overhead, does it really matter? I've always at the very least had separate spindles for the OS, but I could really reduce cost and complexity if I just had a single, good performing array. So as not to make you guys do my job for me, the generic version of this question is: if I have a projected IOPS figure for a new system, is it sufficient to use this value alone to spec the storage, ignoring "best practice" configurations? (given similar technology, not going from DAS to SAN or anything)

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• Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: socket write error

  - by jrishere

  I running JSP on Oracle 11g, Weblogic 10.3.4. I have 2 managed server and a oracle admin server installed. I am encountering an error where intermittently the log file of the 2 managed server and admin server will show java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: socket write error. The application can run for 2 days without showing this error or it can show up a few times in a day. The server load are similar everday. When this error is been encountered, the server will just stop accepting connections and will not be able to access the application. Even if I try to access the application through localhost, I will not be able to access the JSP pages and a 503 http status is shown but then I am able to access the static HTML page. I will not be able to access the Oracle 11g Weblogic admin console page. When I take a look at admin server log, it shows that the managed servers are disconnected from the admin server and vice versa. Magically the application is able to recover by its own and the application is able to access again or I need to restart the server as restarting the service of the application does not work. The FTP connections that the application is connected to are closed as well. I am able to ping to telnet to the server port. The event log doesn't seem to be leaving any information. We did run wireshark to see the packet traffic and it seems that the application port is sending a RST, ACK packet to the load balancer. Any kind help will greatly be appreciated. Should you need more info, feel free to ask me. Thanks in advance.

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• Updating modules on VPS hosted under OpenVZ

  - by tertle

  Been trying to install OpenVPN on a VPS but come into a few problems when trying to start the openvpn server: Service deferred error: IPTablesServiceBase: failed to run iptables-restore [status=1]: ['FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.18-028stab070.14/modules.dep: No such file or directory', 'FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.18-028stab070.14/modules.dep: No such file or directory', 'iptables-restore: line 46 failed']: internet/base:1175,internet/base:752,internet/process:45,internet/process:306,internet/_baseprocess:48,internet/process:775,internet/_baseprocess:60,svc/pp:116,svc/svcnotify:26,internet/defer:238,internet/defer:307,internet/defer:323,sagent/ipts:105,sagent/ipts:39,util/error:52,util/error:32 service failed to start due to unresolved dependencies: set(['user', 'iptables_openvpn']) service failed to start due to unresolved dependencies: set(['user', 'iptables_openvpn']) service failed to start due to unresolved dependencies: set(['iptables_openvpn']) Anyway so after a bit of playing around and some advice, I found that the Linux kernel and modules don't match on my server. uname -r returns 2.6.18-028stab070.14 and ls /lib/modules returns 2.6.18-028stab070.7 The server is running OpenVZ and my container uses Ubuntu 9.10. So my question is, is it possible for me to update my modules on a VPS and if so how would I do this, or is this something I'll need to try get my host to do? Thanks in advance.

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• Conky starts above windows in Ubuntu Maverick

  - by DesertIvy

  Hey guys, I did not run into this problem until I upgraded my Ubuntu box to Maverick Meerkat (10.10). Basically, whenever I start my computer, conky runs as expected, except it gets drawn over any windows that I load (see screenshot). To fix this for a single session, I simply restart conky by running killall conky; conky in a terminal. Conky gets re-drawn below active windows (namely, only appearing on my desktop), and does not have the border/drop-shadow, but I have to do this every time I start a new session. Is there a simple way to fix this? I have a small shell script that I run on startup, but it does not seem to solve the problem. #!/bin/bash sleep 10 && conky; sleep 5 && killall conky; conky; Below is the non-text part of my .conkyrc file. # Conky settings # background yes update_interval 1 cpu_avg_samples 2 net_avg_samples 2 override_utf8_locale yes double_buffer yes no_buffers yes text_buffer_size 2048 #imlib_cache_size 0 temperature_unit fahrenheit # Window specifications # own_window yes own_window_type override own_window_transparent yes own_window_hints undecorate,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager,below border_inner_margin 0 border_outer_margin 0 minimum_size 200 250 maximum_width 200 alignment tr gap_x 220 gap_y 280 # Graphics settings # draw_shades no draw_outline no draw_borders no draw_graph_borders no # Text settings # use_xft yes xftfont caviar dreams:size=8 xftalpha 0.5 uppercase no temperature_unit celsius default_color FFFFFF # Lua Load # lua_load ~/.lua/scripts/clock_rings.lua lua_draw_hook_pre clock_rings

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• Interrupted system call during "hg convert"

  - by Aaron Digulla

  When I run "hg convert" to convert a Subversion repository to Mercurial, I get this error: fetching revision log for "/trunk" from 1538 to 0 run hg sink post-conversion action Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 46, in _runcatch return _dispatch(ui, args) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 454, in _dispatch return runcommand(lui, repo, cmd, fullargs, ui, options, d) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 324, in runcommand ret = _runcommand(ui, options, cmd, d) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 505, in _runcommand return checkargs() File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 459, in checkargs return cmdfunc() File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/mercurial/dispatch.py", line 453, in <lambda> d = lambda: util.checksignature(func)(ui, *args, **cmdoptions) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/mercurial/util.py", line 386, in check return func(*args, **kwargs) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/hgext/convert/__init__.py", line 229, in convert return convcmd.convert(ui, src, dest, revmapfile, **opts) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/hgext/convert/convcmd.py", line 398, in convert c.convert(sortmode) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/hgext/convert/convcmd.py", line 312, in convert parents = self.walktree(heads) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/hgext/convert/convcmd.py", line 109, in walktree commit = self.cachecommit(n) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/hgext/convert/convcmd.py", line 267, in cachecommit commit = self.source.getcommit(rev) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/hgext/convert/subversion.py", line 433, in getcommit self._fetch_revisions(revnum, stop) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/hgext/convert/subversion.py", line 814, in _fetch_revisions for entry in stream: File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/hgext/convert/subversion.py", line 122, in __iter__ entry = pickle.load(self._stdout) IOError: [Errno 4] Interrupted system call abort: Interrupted system call Apparently, it is possible to restart a read on EINTR but how would I do that with pickle.load()? Also I wonder where that signal comes from? I suspect it's SIGCHILD but shouldn't popen() handle that?

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• uWSGI cannot find "application" using Flask and Virtualenv

  - by skyler

  Using uWSGI to serve a simple wsgi app, (a simple "Hello, World") my configuration works, but when I try to run a Flask app, I get this in uWSGI's error logs: current working directory: /opt/python-env/coefficient/lib/python2.6/site-packages writing pidfile to /var/run/uwsgi.pid detected binary path: /opt/uwsgi/uwsgi setuid() to 497 your memory page size is 4096 bytes detected max file descriptor number: 1024 lock engine: pthread robust mutexes uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:3031 fd 3 Python version: 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jun 18 2012, 14:18:47) [GCC 4.4.6 20110731 (Red Hat 4.4.6-3)] Set PythonHome to /opt/python-env/coefficient/ *** Python threads support is disabled. You can enable it with --enable-threads *** Python main interpreter initialized at 0xbed3b0 your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections *** Operational MODE: single process *** added /opt/python-env/coefficient/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ to pythonpath. unable to find "application" callable in file /var/www/coefficient/flask.py unable to load app 0 (mountpoint='') (callable not found or import error) *** no app loaded. going in full dynamic mode *** *** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***` Note in particular this part of the log: unable to find "application" callable in file /var/www/coefficient/flask.py unable to load app 0 (mountpoint='') (callable not found or import error) **no app loaded. going in full dynamic mode** This is my Flask app: from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route("/") def hello(): return "Hello, World, from Flask!" Before I added my Virtualenv's pythonpath to my configuration file, I was getting an ImportError for Flask. I solved this though, I believe (I'm not receiving errors about it anymore) and here is my complete configuration file: uwsgi: #socket: /tmp/uwsgi.sock socket: 127.0.0.1:3031 daemonize: /var/log/uwsgi.log pidfile: /var/run/uwsgi.pid master: true vacuum: true #wsgi-file: /var/www/coefficient/coefficient.py wsgi-file: /var/www/coefficient/flask.py processes: 1 virtualenv: /opt/python-env/coefficient/ pythonpath: /opt/python-env/coefficient/lib/python2.6/site-packages This is how I start uWSGI, from an rc script: /opt/uwsgi/uwsgi --yaml /etc/uwsgi/conf.yaml --uid uwsgi And if I try to view the Flask program in a browser, I get this: **uWSGI Error** Python application not found Any help is appreciated.

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• EFI vs MBR - Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 or 2012 on 8TB

  - by Riaan de Lange

  I'm having some difficulty installing Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012 on an Intel Server platform. The server specs is as follows: Intel Grizzly Pass Server System - R2308GZ4GC 2x Intel Xeon 2620 - 2.0 GHZ - BX80621E52620 132 GB of Memory REG-DIMM - TS1GKR72V6H 4x Seagate Constellation ES 2TB 3.5" 7200rpm 6GB/S - ST32000645NS Intel Big Laurel 4CH 6G SAS RAID 512MB - RS2BL040 On the Intel RAID Controller Setup, I have setup the HDD to be in RAID-0 - for testing purposes. (Ultimately configured in RAID-5) So, the total size of HDD space I can use is 7.6 TB something... When I install the Server OS's, they don't seem to go beyond 2 TB (1.76 TB) I have read up on EFI and UEFI boot, and this seems to work in 2012, but I could not install any drivers for the motherboard... So, I also tried EFI for 2008R2, and this worked while installing the OS, it did not however work with the Windows Boot Manager option in the BIOS. It kept on freezing once it tries to load the partition. My idea was to allocate the complete 8 TB for the OS, and load a few VM's on there. I have now started with a new approach where I'll have a 256 GB OS Partition, and a secondary 7.5 TB Data partition. Oh, and I also did a diskpart - convert disk to gpt whilst installing 2008R2. The whole disk was accessible, 7.6TB Can anyone please clarify that EFI/UEFI is meant for larger boot volumes? Bigger than 2TB. If I were to have an ideal situation where my OS is run on a SSD, 256GB, and I can attach the 8 TB drives as normal disk to the OS? I'm I correct in saying that if I wanted to boot from a 8TB partition, I would need to force the BIOS to boot from EFI? The limit for MBR is 2 TB as far as I know now... *FYI: The motherboard is EFI-ready

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• ajax.googleapis.com stopping my Firefox

  - by Oscar Reyes

  Today for some strange reason, Firefox stops working properly because it is trying to fetch something from ajax.googleapis.com. Is there something I can do to avoid this? Safari and Chrome work just fine. I tried uninstalling Firebug and clearing the cache. The only thing that worked was disabling the JavaScript altogether. This seems to be the culprit link: http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.3.2/jquery.min.js What can I do? EDIT I think I have found where the problem is. My proxy is serving one byte at a time the file, so firefox consume it at that peace. What I don't understand is why Safari and Chrome takes it right away. What I did last night was, leave the FF open all the night to give him change to load the file, my hope was that I got cached and the next time there was no need to go for it. Today in the morning, the page load successfully but the page was not cached, because the next request failed the same. Here's a video showing the problem:

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• Problems with Vista loading a temporary user profile.

  - by Joe

  I'm having a problem in Vista. My machine has four users, one for each of us in the house. Whenever a user logs in before me, they log out, and then I log in, Vista loads a temporary profile for me. However, if I restart and log in, I get into my profile no problem. Two errors are written to the event log (see below), and I've searched everywhere for solutions. 1: Windows was unable to load the registry. The problem is often caused by insuff. memory or insuff. security rights. DETAIL - The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process. for C:\users\joe\ntuser.dat I've got plenty of disk space and memory. 2:Windows cannot load the locally stored profile. Possible causes of this error include isufficient security rights or a corrupt local profile. DETAIL - The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process. Thanks!

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• How to restrict postfix send limited email with policyd v2?

  - by Shalini Tripathi

  I have installed cluebringer-2.0.7 for postfix and enabled below lines in the main.cf file of postfix. But I could not see any policy working smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031 smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10031 To check further I enabled logging in policyd and its only shows below logs and there is no logs getting populated when I send new emails.. [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: Process Backgrounded [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CBPOLICYD] NOTICE: Policyd v2 / Cluebringer - v2.0.7 [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CBPOLICYD] NOTICE: Initializing system modules. [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CBPOLICYD] NOTICE: System modules initialized. [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CBPOLICYD] NOTICE: Module load started... [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: = AccessControl: enabled [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: = CheckHelo: enabled [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: = CheckSPF: enabled [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: = Greylisting: enabled [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: = Quotas: enabled [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: = Protocol(Postfix): enabled [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: = Protocol(Bizanga): enabled [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CBPOLICYD] NOTICE: Module load done. [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: 2012/06/12-21:18:50 cbp (type Net::Server::PreFork) starting! pid(13949) [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] NOTICE: Binding to TCP port 10031 on host * [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] WARNING: Group Not Defined. Defaulting to EGID '0 10 6 4 3 2 1 0' [2012/06/12-21:18:50 - 13949] [CORE] WARNING: User Not Defined. Defaulting to EUID '0' Do I need to do anymore settings for postfix to listen on policyd???Please help

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