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• Run command remotely on Windows computer from C#

  - by Bilal Aslam

  I have a Windows Server 2008 instance on Amazon EC2 (Amazon's cloud compute platform, which provides VMs in the cloud). It has an external IP, and I have an admin account on the box. I would like to 'bootstrap' this instance remotely i.e. I want to run commands to download, install and configure apps on it, all without having to log on even once. Also, I cannot use psexec on the source computer. I have figured out how to do this to a remote, domain-joined computer using WMI. However, I have NOT been able to do for a remote computer on EC2. Here are some specific restrictions: 1) The remote computer is not part of my domain, hence no Kerberos 2) The remote computer does not have a cert I trust, or vice versa I am sure I am running into to some auth/trust restriction. Is there any way I can run a single command on the remote, given that I have admin privileges? I'm not tied down to using WMI, but I do need to run a command somehow. Feels like this should be a solved problem.

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• Use Alladin eToken with ThunderBird and other tool

  - by Yurij73

  I'm looking for an example on how to setup the eToken PRO Java device to work with Mozilla Thunderbird and with other Linux tool such as PAM logon. I installed distributed pkiclient-5.00.28-0.i386.RPM from the official product page eToken Pro but that tool only handles importing/exporting certificates on the device. I read a glance an old HOWTO from eToken on Linux, but I couldn't install pkcs11-lib for this device as recommended for Thunderbird use this crypto device. It seems my usb token isn't listed in system, unless lsusb show it, so that is the matter modutil -list -dbdir /etc/pki/nssdb Listing of PKCS #11 Modules NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module Blockquote slots: 2 slots attached Blockquote status: loaded Blockquote slot: NSS User Private Key and Certificate Services Blockquote token: NSS Certificate DB Blockquote CoolKey PKCS #11 Module Blockquote library name: libcoolkeypk11.so Blockquote slots: 1 slot attached Blockquote status: loaded Blockquote slot: AKS ifdh [Main Interface] 00 00 token: is my token absent? on other hand i don't know which module is convenient to Java Pro, does CoolKey does all the job well? It seems Java token is too new hardware for Linux? there is excerpt from /etc/pam_pkcs11.conf #filename of the PKCS #11 module. The default value is "default" use_pkcs11_module = coolkey; screen_savers = gnome-screensaver,xscreensaver,kscreensaver pkcs11_module coolkey { module = libcoolkeypk11.so; description = "Cool Key"`

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• Apache 2 Fails to Start After Upgrade with No Errors

  - by Mark Davidson

  Hi all Hoping someone can help me with a server issue. Recently we upgraded to the latest apache on 2 boxes within are organisation. One being the master box the other being for failover. The upgrade went fine on the master box but on the failover box apache fails to start with no errors, being output or logged. Both boxes have the exact same configuration so found this a bit strange. I've reinstalled apache and have been through checking the configs and did not find any obvious errors. Eventally I ran a syntax check on each config file being included and found that one of the files apparently has syntax errors. Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration Invalid command 'php_value', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration Invalid command 'GeoIPEnable', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration I've trippled checked all the modules are enabled but it still fails. I've googled the subject of these errors loads but have been unable to fine a solution. I was wondering if anyone had encountered such a problem before and could point me towards a solution. Thanks for your help in advance. P.s: Apache related versions on server. ii apache2 2.2.3-4+etch10 Next generation, scalable, extendable web se ii apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.3-4+etch10 Traditional model for Apache HTTPD 2.1 ii apache2-utils 2.2.3-4+etch10 utility programs for webservers ii apache2.2-common 2.2.3-4+etch10 Next generation, scalable, extendable web se ii libapache2-mod-geoip 1.1.8-2 GeoIP support for apache2 ii libapache2-mod-php5 5.2.0+dfsg-8+etch15 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting languag

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• Windows Vista - Can Boot into Safe Mode Command Prompt, Cannot Access Flash Drive

  - by Adam

  Hey there, Got a laptop dropped into my lap. Has Vista installed. Normal boot never gets past the login screen. Safe mode will get past, but just barely. I can try and start the task manager at that point, but it never opens. Only reliable way to do anything I've got is the safe mode command prompt... Boots up and logs in fine. I can't see anything noticably wrong via regedit, but it's been a long time since I've had to fix up a Windows box... not sure that I would. Problem I'm having, is that I want to run ComboFix/etc, but have no way to get them on there... When I pop a flash drive in, it seems to mount it (flash drive flickers as normal) but it never seems to be mounted... I cannot access it through any drive letter on the command line. I managed to start the device manager (devmgmt.msc) and the flash drive was recognized and listed... Any ideas on how to get this thing going again? (Short of a reinstall.) (It has no CD drive, either, so burning files to CD would not be easy...) Thanks! Adam

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• Openfiler crashing without cause or leaving any log messages

  - by user44725

  So my linux machine keeps crashing, without so much as a bye or a leave. I've tried and tried and failed again to work out whats happening. Any help would be much appreciated. Linux chai 2.6.29.6-0.24.smp.gcc3.4.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 9 05:06:08 GMT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Openfiler Here is what the /var/log/messages file says at the time of the latest crash. Nothing that unusual - just greg logging in and out via samba. You'll notice there is a cron running for root every minute - ignore this - this isn't the issue either it was some check I've been doing to discover its problem. Jun 2 10:32:01 chai crond(pam_unix)[16529]: session closed for user root Jun 2 10:32:49 chai samba(pam_unix)[15454]: session opened for user greg by (uid=0) Jun 2 10:33:01 chai crond(pam_unix)[16537]: session opened for user root by (uid=0) Jun 2 10:33:04 chai crond(pam_unix)[16537]: session closed for user root Jun 2 10:41:40 chai syslogd 1.4.1: restart. Jun 2 10:41:43 chai syslog: syslogd startup succeeded That restart was called manually by hand - by clicking the restart button on the box. So basically messages isn't revealing many secrets. dmesg only shows from startup. If there is any output I should paste. Just say when and where and it'll be done. Thanks for your help! Tim

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• Debian - Secure system from current administrator

  - by netadmin

  Hello, I am the Network and Systems Administrator in an organization of just under 500 users. We have a number of Windows Servers, and that is certainly my area of expertise. We also have a very small handful of Debian servers. We are about to terminate the sysadmin of these Debian systems. Short of powering down the systems, I would like to know how I can ensure that the previous admin does not have control of these systems in the future, at least until we hire a replacement linux sysadmin. I have physical/virtual-console access to each of the systems, so I can reboot them in various user-modes. I just don't know what to do. Please assume that I do not currently have root access to all of these systems (an oversight on my part that I now recognize.) I have some experience in Linux, and use it on my desktop on a daily basis, but I must admit that I am a competent user of linux, not a systems admin. I have no fear of the command line however.... Is there a list of steps that one should take to "secure" a system from somebody else? Again, I assure you that this is legit, I am re-taking control of my employer's systems, at the request of my employer. I hope to not have to shut the systems down permanently and still be reasonably certain that they are secure. Thanks for your time.

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• Expand disk space on Ubuntu 10.04 (VMWare Guest)

  - by Jason Clawson

  I need to resize the disk space of an ubuntu guest in VMWare Workstation. After using the expand disk utility in vmware workstation, I need to do some linux magic to resize the parition. I have searched and found a lot of posts about resizing it. Unfortunately I don't really understand it all that well. Can anyone help me out with this? df -h gives me: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 19G 2.6G 16G 15% / none 496M 172K 495M 1% /dev none 500M 0 500M 0% /dev/shm none 500M 64K 500M 1% /var/run none 500M 0 500M 0% /var/lock none 500M 0 500M 0% /lib/init/rw none 19G 2.6G 16G 15% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/sda1 228M 36M 181M 17% /boot lvs says: LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert root ubuntu -wi-ao 18.88g swap_1 ubuntu -wi-ao 884.00m fdisk -l says: Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00033718 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 32 248832 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 32 2611 20719617 5 Extended /dev/sda5 32 2611 20719616 8e Linux LVM I really appreciate the help.

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• RHEL 5.2 installing on ProLiant BL460c - hangs at 'now booting the kernel'

  - by Dr Rocket Mr Socket

  As the title states, I have a problem. This server and the installation disc are also on the other side of the world to me so... So far, I have tried to start the install with the parameters: linux text noapic noacpi no=apic no=acpi which results in the same hang. I have also disabled a PCI ethernet adapter, I am uneasy about disabling the onboard ethernet adapter I do not know if ILO uses this. Anyone have any advice? Much appreciated. EDIT: full output after trying to begin the installation. boot: linux text Loading initrd.img.................. Loading vmlinuz....... Uncompressing Linux...done. Now booting the kernel stays on this for hours EDIT2: adding the 'mem=40960M' (server has 40 gigs of ram) parameter allows it to proceed but the following output directly after 'Now booting the kernal' Memory: sized by int13 0e801h initrd extends beyond end of memory (0x00ef2090 > 0x00000000) disabling initrd Console: 16 point font, 400 scans Console: colour VGA+ 80x25, 1 virtual console (max 63) pcibios_init : BIOS32 Service Directory Structure at 0x000ffee0 pcibios_init : BIOS32 Service Directory entry at 0xf0000

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• Adding third disk as a single disk in a server with an existing RAID1

  - by slowhandsolo

  I've got a ProLiant DL360 G5 server (Fedora 13) with two SAS disks in a hardware RAID 1, working fine. Now I hot plugged another SAS disk. I'd like to configure this new hard disk out of my RAID, as a single non-RAID disk (ex. /dev/sdb). Even after rebooting the server, I can't see the new disk with "fdisk -l". It displays only my hardware RAID, but not the new disk. [root@myserver]# fdisk -l Disco /dev/cciss/c0d0: 300.0 GB, 299966445568 bytes Disposit. Inicio Comienzo Fin Bloques Id Sistema /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 * 1 126 512000 83 Linux /dev/cciss/c0d0p2 126 71798 292422656 8e Linux LVM Disco /dev/dm-0: 234.9 GB, 234881024000 bytes Disco /dev/dm-1: 10.5 GB, 10536091648 bytes Disco /dev/dm-2: 21.0 GB, 20971520000 bytes Disco /dev/dm-3: 31.5 GB, 31474057216 bytes Disco /dev/dm-4: 1577 MB, 1577058304 bytes However, I can see the new disk using the HP Array Configuration Utility CLI for Linux "hpacucli": [root@myserver]# hpacucli => controller slot=0 physicaldrive all show status physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, 300 GB): OK physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, 300 GB): OK physicaldrive 1I:1:3 (port 1I:box 1:bay 3, 300 GB): OK => controller slot=0 pd all show detail Smart Array P400i in Slot 0 (Embedded) array A physicaldrive 1I:1:1 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 1 physicaldrive 1I:1:2 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 2 **unassigned** physicaldrive 1I:1:3 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 3 Status: OK Drive Type: **Unassigned Drive** As you can see, I've got two SAS disks in a RAID 1 and the new disk as "unassigned". Is there any way to work with the new disk as another non-RAID single disk? If relevant, I want to create a new partition in my new disk, format it with mkfs and mount it, but as I can't see it with fdisk, I don't know how to do it. Thanks!

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• Jobs with anacron won't run

  - by mareser

  I would like to run two bash scripts daily using anacron in order to backup some data. Unfortunately I can't figure out why said scripts are not executed. For test purposes I let cron execute the scripts and it worked fine. cat /etc/anacrontab gives # /etc/anacrontab: configuration file for anacron # See anacron(8) and anacrontab(5) for details. SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # These replace cron's entries 1 5 cron.daily nice run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily 7 10 cron.weekly nice run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly @monthly 15 cron.monthly nice run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly 1 5 TB_bak /bin/sh /home/vasco2/Dropbox/Scripts/backup_TB.sh 1 5 key_db_bak /bin/sh /home/vasco2/Dropbox/Scripts/bak_key_db.sh The output of ls ~/Dropbox/Scripts/ is backup_TB.sh bak_key_db.sh I use Linux Mint Katya. uname -a gives Linux vasco2 2.6.38-8-generic-pae #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11 05:17:09 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux I would be very happy if somebody could point me in the right direction on why those scripts won't get executed. P.S.: There is no anacron tag on superuser.com. Maybe somebody wants to change that.

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• Intermittent NFS lockups on Isilon cluster

  - by blackbox222

  We have an Isilon cluster with 8 IQ 12000x nodes which exports storage via several NFS shares for a handful of Linux and Solaris clients. There is a Linux system that has one of these NFS filesystems mounted. I/O to this filesystem is moderately heavy from the Linux system. Every 3-4 weeks (it's not on any kind of discernible schedule, and sometimes is more/less frequent than this), we notice that all activity ceases on this NFS mount (the process hangs, as if the network stopped working so process is stuck in uninterruptible sleep) - 30 minutes later, the share recovers and things continue to work normally. The kernel log from the affected machine is as follows: Dec 3 10:07:29 redacted kernel: [8710020.871993] nfs: server nfs-redacted not responding, still trying Dec 3 10:37:17 redacted kernel: [8711805.966130] nfs: server nfs-redacted OK relevant /etc/fstab line: nfs-redacted:/ifs/nfs/export_data/shared/...redacted... /data nfs defaults 0 0 I've checked to see if there are any scheduled processes e.g. cron jobs, Isilon related functions e.g. snapshots, etc that might be causing these hangups but I can't seem to find anything. I'm also not aware of any network related issues or maintenance that would cause this. All of the lockups last almost exactly 30 minutes per the kernel logs. Perhaps someone has some suggestions I could try? (I considered a soft mount to avoid the problems associated with processes accessing the filesystem hanging; however am wary of the corruption that could result and it would not really solve the underlying issue anyway).

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• Estimating compressed file size using a list parameter

  - by Sai

  I am currently compressing a list of files from a directory in the following format: tar -cvjf test_1.tar.gz -T test_1.lst --no-recursion The above command will compress only those files mentioned in the list. I am doing this because this list is generated such that it fits a DVD. However, during compression the compression rate decreases the estimated file size and there is abundant space left in the DVD. This is something like a Knapsack algorithm. I would like to estimate the compressed file size and add some more files to the list. I found that it is possible to estimate file size using the following command: tar -cjf - Folder/ | wc -c This command does not take a list parameter. Is there a way to estimate compressed file size? I am also looking into options like perl scripts etc. Edit: I think I should provide more information since I have been doing a lot of web search. I came across a perl script(Link)that sort of emulates the Knapsack algorithm. The current problem with the above mentioned script is that it splits the files in their original state. When I compress the files after splitting them, there are opportunities for adding more files which I consider to be inefficient. There are 2 ways I could resolve the inefficiency: a) Compress individual files and save them in a directory using a script. The compressed file could provide a best estimate. I could generate a script using a folder of compressed files and use them on the uncompressed ones. b) Check whether the compressed file's size is less than the required size. If so, I should keep adding files until I meet the requirement. However, the addition of new files to the compressed file is an optimization problem by itself.

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• Jenkins shell command isn't executing

  - by Dmitro

  In Jenkins project I add command for executiong rm /var/www/ru.liveyurist.ru/tmp/* But when I build project I get error: Started by user anonymous Building in workspace /var/www/ru.myproject.ru Updating https://subversion.assembla.com/svn/myproject/trunk At revision 1168 no change for https://subversion.assembla.com/svn/liveexpert/trunk since the previous build [ru.myproject.ru] $ /bin/sh -xe /tmp/hudson7189633355149866134.sh FATAL: command execution failed java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "/bin/sh" (in directory "/var/www/ru.myproject.ru"): java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:475) at hudson.Proc$LocalProc.<init>(Proc.java:244) at hudson.Proc$LocalProc.<init>(Proc.java:216) at hudson.Launcher$LocalLauncher.launch(Launcher.java:709) at hudson.Launcher$ProcStarter.start(Launcher.java:338) at hudson.Launcher$ProcStarter.join(Launcher.java:345) at hudson.tasks.CommandInterpreter.perform(CommandInterpreter.java:82) at hudson.tasks.CommandInterpreter.perform(CommandInterpreter.java:58) at hudson.tasks.BuildStepMonitor$1.perform(BuildStepMonitor.java:19) at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractRunner.perform(AbstractBuild.java:703) at hudson.model.Build$RunnerImpl.build(Build.java:178) at hudson.model.Build$RunnerImpl.doRun(Build.java:139) at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractRunner.run(AbstractBuild.java:473) at hudson.model.Run.run(Run.java:1410) at hudson.model.FreeStyleBuild.run(FreeStyleBuild.java:46) at hudson.model.ResourceController.execute(ResourceController.java:88) at hudson.model.Executor.run(Executor.java:238) Caused by: java.io.IOException: java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory at java.lang.UNIXProcess.<init>(UNIXProcess.java:164) at java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(ProcessImpl.java:81) at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:468) ... 16 more Build step 'Execute shell' marked build as failure Finished: FAILURE I started Jenkins from root user. Please advise what can be reason of this error?

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• Linux - real-world hardware RAID controller tuning (scsi and cciss)

  - by ewwhite

  Most of the Linux systems I manage feature hardware RAID controllers (mostly HP Smart Array). They're all running RHEL or CentOS. I'm looking for real-world tunables to help optimize performance for setups that incorporate hardware RAID controllers with SAS disks (Smart Array, Perc, LSI, etc.) and battery-backed or flash-backed cache. Assume RAID 1+0 and multiple spindles (4+ disks). I spend a considerable amount of time tuning Linux network settings for low-latency and financial trading applications. But many of those options are well-documented (changing send/receive buffers, modifying TCP window settings, etc.). What are engineers doing on the storage side? Historically, I've made changes to the I/O scheduling elevator, recently opting for the deadline and noop schedulers to improve performance within my applications. As RHEL versions have progressed, I've also noticed that the compiled-in defaults for SCSI and CCISS block devices have changed as well. This has had an impact on the recommended storage subsystem settings over time. However, it's been awhile since I've seen any clear recommendations. And I know that the OS defaults aren't optimal. For example, it seems that the default read-ahead buffer of 128kb is extremely small for a deployment on server-class hardware. The following articles explore the performance impact of changing read-ahead cache and nr_requests values on the block queues. http://zackreed.me/articles/54-hp-smart-array-p410-controller-tuning http://www.overclock.net/t/515068/tuning-a-hp-smart-array-p400-with-linux-why-tuning-really-matters http://yoshinorimatsunobu.blogspot.com/2009/04/linux-io-scheduler-queue-size-and.html For example, these are suggested changes for an HP Smart Array RAID controller: echo "noop" > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/scheduler blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/cciss/c0d0 echo 512 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/nr_requests echo 2048 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/read_ahead_kb What else can be reliably tuned to improve storage performance? I'm specifically looking for sysctl and sysfs options in production scenarios.

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• Command line scripts to restore the 4 system databases of MS SQL Server 2008

  - by ciscokid

  Hi there, can someone give me some advice on how to restore the 4 system databases (master, msdb, model, tempdb) of a sql server 2008 please? I've already done some testing myself (on restoring the master database) with the following commad line script as a result: ::set variables set dbname=master set dbdirectory=C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA title Restoring %dbname% database net stop mssqlserver cd C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn sqlservr -m sqlcmd -Slocalhost -E -Q "restore database master from disk='c:\master.bak' WITH REPLACE" net start mssqlserver pause After the execution of the 'sqlservr -m' command (used to start the server instance in single-user mode, which is only necessary when restoring the MASTER database), the script stops. So in order to execute the last 2 commands I need to separate the script into 2 smaller scripts, and run them one after the other. Does anyone has an idea on how I can merge them into one single script that runs completely without any interruption? I also want to restore the other 3 system databases using command line scripts like this one. Can someone please advice me how I need to go on? I've already noticed that restoring the temdb is not so easy, but there has to be a way... Looking forward to your advice!

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• On AWS EC2, Unable to run sudo command after modifying permissions to /usr folder

  - by Kayote

  All, We have searched quite a bit and a few of 'Eliah Kagan's' posts are great about getting access back to sudo. However, our server is on AWS EC2 & I am a complete newbie to this. We are trying to setup Cronjobs for backing up our server data. What we did: Using Putty, we created a script file: usr/share/site-db-backup/backupToS3.php, however, Ubuntu was not saving the changes we made as it reported we did not have permission as user 'Ubuntu'. Error details are: "Upload of file backupToS3.php was successful but error occurred while setting the permission &/ or timestamp. If the problem persists, turn on 'ignore permission errors' option. Permission denied. Error code: 3 Request code 9" So, we ran the command "sudo chmod -R a+rwx /usr" for granting permission to the folder 'usr'. However, now whatever sudo command is run, we get the error: "/usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so must be only be writable by owner. fatal error, unable to load plugins." We are complete newbies to Ubuntu & EC2 so do need step by step guidance of how to get sudo back & successfully write to the Crontab script sitting in 'usr/' folder.

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• Setting cfengine3 class based on command output

  - by gnomie

  This question is very similar to How can I use the output of a command in cfengine3 but the answer does not apply in my case I believe. I want to update a git repository via "git pull" and based on whether that lead to changes trigger some follow up action. Simplified, if there was something like "match output and set class" via some body if_output_matches I would want to use something like this: bundle agent updateRepo { commands: "/usr/bin/git pull" contain => setuidgiddir_sh("$(globals.user)","$(globals.group)","$(target)"), classes => if_output_matches("Already up-to-date.","no_update"); reports: no_update:: "nothing updated"; } body contain setuidgiddir_sh(owner,group,folder) { exec_owner => "$(owner)"; exec_group => "$(group)"; useshell => "true"; chdir => "$(folder)"; } So, is it possible to use the output of a - possibly expensive command - and base some decision on that? The execresult function is no good choice for me as a) the pull may become expensive at times (not recommended following the cfengine3 reference) and b) does not allow to specify user, group, working dir - which is important in my case. The repository is in user space and not owned by root.

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• saving and searching encrypted mail

  - by student

  I often send and receive gpg-encrypted mail. At the moment I use thunderbird + enigmail (in linux) to do that. As far as I know there is no way in thunderbird to find all encrypted messages which bodies contain particular keywords. There also seems to be no option to save encrypted mails decrypted (so they would be searchable). However for me it is important to be able to search old encrypted mails. So my question is: Is there a way in linux to save incoming mails automatically decrypted in my inbox and save outgoing encrypted mail decrypted in the send folder? Both times adding a line to the body which remarks that the mail was encrypted. It could be another email client for linux that could to that or perhaps a solution using procmail or maildrop. For a procmail solution I guess there could be some problems with encoding (perhaps one have to use emil?) the solution should work well with german special characters in subject and body. Note that the solution should work for multipart encrypted messages (including encrypted attachments) too i.e. with everything which could thunderbird + enigmail generate. Further note that I don't want a discussion about security holes. For me it's ok if messages are stored decrypted on my harddrive (which is encrypted as a whole anyway). In doubt for a first solution it would be ok to store my private key passphrase in cleartext on my harddrive, too. The point is that the mails are encrypted on the mailserver or more generally on their "way through the net".

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• What can cause kernel out_of_memory error?

  - by nbolton

  I'm running Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 and I'm experiencing intermittent out_of_memory errors coming from the kernel. The server stops responding to all but pings, and I have to reboot the server. # uname -a Linux xxx 2.6.18-164.9.1.el5xen #1 SMP Tue Dec 15 21:31:37 EST 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux This seems to be the important bit from /var/log/messages Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: Call Trace: Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff802bedff>] out_of_memory+0x8b/0x203 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8020f825>] __alloc_pages+0x245/0x2ce Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8021377f>] __do_page_cache_readahead+0xc6/0x1ab Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff80214015>] filemap_nopage+0x14c/0x360 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff80208ebc>] __handle_mm_fault+0x443/0x1337 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8026766a>] do_page_fault+0xf7b/0x12e0 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8026ef17>] monotonic_clock+0x35/0x7b Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff80262da3>] thread_return+0x6c/0x113 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8021afef>] remove_vma+0x4c/0x53 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff80264901>] _spin_lock_irqsave+0x9/0x14 Dec 28 20:16:25 slarti kernel: [<ffffffff8026082b>] error_exit+0x0/0x6e Full snippet here: http://pastebin.com/a7eWf7VZ I thought that perhaps the server was actually running out of memory (it has 1GB physical memory), but my Cacti memory graph looks OK to me... But strangely the load graph goes through the roof shortly before the kernel crashes: What logs can I look at for more info? Update: Maybe noteworthy - the CPU percentage and network traffic graphs were both normal at the time of the crash. The only abnormality was the average load graph.

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• TC hashing filters - single rule deletion

  - by exa

  For traffic shaping I'm currently using a setup that looks exactly like the setup from LARTC, on this page: http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.adv-filter.hashing.html I have a simple problem with that - everytime I want to modify something in the hash table (like assign a IP to different flowid), I need to delete the whole filter table and add it again filter by filter. (I actually don't do it by hand, I have a nice program that does it for me... but still...) There is a problem - I got roughly 10k filters allocated this way and deleting and refilling the whole filtertable can get pretty lengthy, which is not exactly good for traffic shaping. My program could easily manage to delete only the rules that need to be deleted (thus reducing the whole problem to several commands and miliseconds), but I simply don't know the command that deletes only the one hashing rule. My tc filter show: filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2: ht divisor 256 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2:a:800 order 2048 key ht 2 bkt a flowid 1:101 match 0a0a0a0a/ffffffff at 16 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2:c:800 order 2048 key ht 2 bkt c flowid 1:102 match 0a0a0a0c/ffffffff at 16 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 800: ht divisor 1 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 800::800 order 2048 key ht 800 bkt 0 link 2: match 00000000/00000000 at 16 hash mask 000000ff at 16 The wish: 'tc filter del ...' command that removes only one specific filter (for example the 0a0a0a0a IP match (IP address 10.10.10.10)). Removal of some small subgroup would also be good - for example I could still recreate a bucket (bkt a) pretty fast. My attempts: I tried to number all the filters using prio, but with no help -- they just create something unusuable (but deletable) below, but the bucketed filters remain there after that gets deleted. Any ideas? edit - I'm adding a simplified tl;dr description of the problem: I created hash filter on some interfce just like in this http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.adv-filter.hashing.html I want to find a command that deletes one rule (e.g. 1.2.1.123) from the table, leaving the rest untouched and working.

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• SSH Interactive mode not working

  - by Ekin Koc

  I have a Debian based linux server running for a year or so, without any problems. A couple of days ago, ssh interactive mode stopped working for no reason. I mean, I can open an ssh connection just fine, the server greets me with shell but I just can't type anything. However, if I send commands like this: ssh [email protected] cat /var/log/messages, I get the response. I dug through several logs and found one message, which feels remotely relevant to the problem; sh kernel: [10222733.062511] ------------[ cut here ]------------ sh kernel: [10222733.062522] WARNING: at /build/buildd-linux-2.6_2.6.32-39-amd64-7yVIH2/linux-2.6-2.6.32/debian/build/source_amd64_none/drivers/char/tty_ldisc.c:738 tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b() sh kernel: [10222733.062526] Hardware name: PowerEdge R210 II sh kernel: [10222733.062528] Modules linked in: ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv4 ip_tables x_tables sha1_generic arc4 ecb ppp_mppe ppp_async crc_ccitt ppp_generic slhc loop snd_pcm snd_timer snd soundcore snd_page_alloc i2c_i801 i2c_core pcspkr evdev joydev dcdbas container button processor ext3 jbd mbcache sg sd_mod sr_mod crc_t10dif cdrom usb_storage usbhid hid mpt2sas ahci ehci_hcd libata scsi_transport_sas usbcore bnx2 nls_base scsi_mod fan thermal thermal_sys [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] sh kernel: [10222733.062568] Pid: 8662, comm: sshd Not tainted 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 sh kernel: [10222733.062569] Call Trace: sh kernel: [10222733.062572] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b sh kernel: [10222733.062574] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b Is there any way to get back the sshd working in interactive mode? I tried restarting sshd but that is no help. And somehow, I can not reboot the server. Tried sending shutdown -r now and reboot but it refuses to go down. Should I go ahead and request a physical reboot?

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• Help, my CentOS servers keep going down , No route to host after a random uptime

  - by user249071

  Hello , I have a couple of Centos linux servers, that have a very simple task, they run nginx + fastcgi for php , and some NFS mounts between them, readonly They have some RPC commands to start some downloading processes with wget, nothing fancy , from a main server, but their behavior is very unstable, they simply go down, we tried to monitor ram , processor usage, even network connections, they don't load up so much, max network connections up to... 250 max, 15% processor usage and memory , well, doesn't even fill up, 2.5GB from 8GB max , I have no ideea why can a linux server go down like that, they aren't even public servers, no domain names installed no public serving, for sites. The only thing that I've discovered was that if i didn't restart the network service every couple of hours or so... the servers were becoming very slow, starting apps very slow, but not repoting a high usage of resources...Maybe Centos doesn't free the timeout connections, or something like that...It's based on Red Hat right? I'm not a linux expert , but I'm sure that there are a few guys out there that can easily have an answer to this , or even have some leads to what i can do ... I haven't installed snort, or other things to view if we have some DOS attacks, still the scheduled script that restarts the network each hour should put the system back online, and it doesn't.... Thank you in advance

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• MySQL command appends '@localhost' to username

  - by Mikee

  I just can't seem to figure this one out. I want to use the command line to connect to a MySQL database residing on another server. I went ahead and created the username and password for the user. I have also granted all privileges on that user for that database. When using the command: mysql -h <hostname> -u <username> -p, I get the following error: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user '<username>'@'<local_machine_hostname>' (using password: YES) The problem is that it keeps appending the current machine's hostname into the username. Obviously, that user@<local_machine_hostname> is not correct. It doesn't matter what I type. For instance, if I type: mysql -h <hostname> -u '<username>'@'<hostname>' -p It does the same, only in the error output, it says: Access denied for user '<username>@<hostname>'@'<local_machine_hostname>' Is there a setting in a configuration file which is allowing this to happen? It's really quite annoying. I need to set up a tikiwiki server, and it cannot connect because during the step where you set up mysql, it keeps appending the local machine's hostname to the mysql login name.

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• Debian Wheezy 7.5 64bit xfce4 install error ( no desktop environment installed already )

  - by GeoMind

  i wrote a CD with an iso-image from debian.org. the debian-7.5.0-amd64-CD-1.iso from this folder. Debian Wheezy 7.5 stable 64bit There was an error at Select and install software step. It said Retrieving file 770 from 800 and then it failed the installation. I continued the instal and when i opened the computer it doesn't work the Ctrl + Alt + F7 as i waited. It starts at tty1 and after logging in i edited config file cause it had a lot of errors and said E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages or Couldn't found the package. FILE: /etc/apt/sources.list # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 7.5.0 _Wheezy_ - Official amd64 CD Binary-1 20140426-13:37]/ wheezy main #deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 7.5.0 _Wheezy_ - Official amd64 CD Binary-1 20140426-13:37]/ wheezy main deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free After that i tried to install xfce4 as desktop environment. Guide found at Linux Panda But it print at terminal: What i sould do? How i can fix this problem?

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• Data recovery from corrupt Ubuntu partition/directory (question about a previous answer)

  - by JoshMaurice

  I have an Ubuntu installation that won't boot anymore. I asked my previous question about it here: http://superuser.com/questions/15916/ubuntu-chkdsk-equivalent Bolotov replied: As I see from your previous question you can boot Windows so you could use dskprobe from Windows XP Service Pack 2 Support Tools to make sure that fs type is correct ... but it's already correct fs type 7 is NTFS. Message "The type of the filesystem is RAW. CHKDSK is not available for RAW drives." means that windows can't determine fs type for some reason. As we see fs type is correct. To run Chkdsk on your Windows partition you can install Windows Recovery Console, boot in recovery console and check your disk. After checking the disk you will gain access to you c:\ubuntu\disks. I think you can mount your linux partition (which is in file) as usual loop-back device: mount -o loop [path to your linux-loopback-partition] But you should mount windows patrition first. So now I'd like to know: Within the recovery console I will be issuing the commands "chkdsk -r" and then "mount -o loop [path to windows partition]" and then "mount -o loop c:\ubuntu\disks", correct? I do have a ("corrupt and unreadable") c:\ubuntu\disks directory so that appears to be the correct path to the linux partition; do you know the path to the windows partition? would that be just "c:\"?

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