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• How can I open a file as read-only from Windows Explorer?

  - by Daniel Daranas

  Is there an easy way to open a file as read-only from Windows Explorer? My inmediate interest is in a Microsoft Access file. I am doing some sanity checks in old MS Access databases and I see that their date is automatically updated when I open them. I don't like this, since it will look like all the old files have been modified today. I am working with Windows XP. Update: As Yoda said, "Do, or do not. There is no try." In my case, it was "do not". I ended up copying the entire (big) folder tree to MyDocuments, and then opening all the databases from there.

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• Configuring network to set wlan0 as primary

  - by Sheed

  I recently had to rebuild my pc and decided to go for ubuntu 14.04. I think the mistake I made was I started from a 12.04 install disk instead of the 12.10 disk I'd used previously and when given the option set my primary connection as ethernet (because the wireless option didn't work). After upgrading to 14.04 etc, I managed to get the wireless working, or more using steps like ifconfig -a and the likes I managed to prove that the wireless card etc. is all installed and working. However every time I boot without a hard wired connection plugged in I get the message "waiting for network configuration". I can then once it's booted without a network get my wirless working using sudo ifconfig wlan0 up iwlist wlan0 scan This seems to kick the wireless module into life and it appears in the GUI and I can then select a network, however all the options like edit network and disconnect etc are all greyed out. What I would like of course is if the WLAN0 was just set as my primary default network so I've been looking for a solution to this and it would seem that I need to adjust the old /etc/network/interfaces file but when I try to do so using the sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces command I, well I simply have no idea what I'm doing. Other than that typing :q! gets me out of there before I do to much damage! As far as I can tell (by navigating to the file in the GUI) the output of my /etc/network/interfaces is as follows: (obviously not including the " in each line that's just to break the heading rule of the #) "# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system "# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). "# The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback "# The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp If this is the case then this clearly doesn't contain what it should do but I don't how to fix it. Nor do I even know if I'm on the right track. Any help would be appreciated thanks :)

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• Running a script on startup before X starts in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by Epcylon

  I have a script that I want to run at startup to switch X-configs depending on location, but I can't seem to find out where to put it in order to get it to run before X is started. This results in me having to restart X to get it to run the correct config. Currently, my script is located in /etc/init.d/whereami, with symlinks in /etc/rc[2-5].d/S25whereami. I was trying to find out when X is started, in case the problem is simply the 25, but I can't seem to find the answer... Any help is appreciated.

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• Running nph-script.cgi keeps outputting Server details at the end

  - by wgewweg

  I am running a nph-script.cgi on my server. The server keeps adding HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 05 Nov 2009 02:28:53 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.8-1hardy~ppa1 with Suhosin-Patch mod_perl/2.0.3 Perl/v5.8.8 Content-Length: 0 Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/plain X-Pad: avoid browser bug At the bottom of each page loaded via the .cgi script. why is this the case? How do I remove this annoying message that is appended to all pages ?

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• Linux/Solaris replace hostnames in files according to hostname rule

  - by yael

  According to the following Perl command ( this command part of ksh script ) I can replaced old hostnames with new hostnames in Linux or Solaris previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a export previos_machine_name export new_machine_name . perl -i -pe 'next if /^ *#/; s/(\b|[[:^alnum:]])$ENV{previos_machine_name}(\b|[[:^alnum:]])/$1$ENV{new_machine_name}$2/g' file EXPLAIN: according to perl command - we not replaces hostnames on the follwoing case: RULE: [NUMBERS]||[letter]HOSTNAME[NUMBERS]||[letter] my question after I used the Perl command in order to replace all old hostnames with new hostnames based on the "RULE" in the Perl command how to verify that the old hostnames not exist in file ? for example previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a more file AAARed_Hat_linux1a verification should be ignore from this line @Red_Hat_linux1a$ verification should be match this line P=Red_Hat_linux1a verification should be match this line XXXRed_Hat_linux1aZZZ verification should be ignore from this line . . . .

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• Optimal partition setup for Windows 7 on SSD

  - by Mike C.

  Hello, I'm setting up my system with Windows 7 right now, with knowledge that I am going to be getting a SSD in the future. What optimizations/setup should I do now to make a smoother transition in the future? Should I created two partitions - one for the OS and one for the data? Assuming this is the case, I would be able to easily ghost my OS partition onto the SSD in the future. If so, what should go on the OS drive besides the OS? Program files? If I install games or Visual Studio, should it go on the OS drive or the data drive? I can see the SSD filling up fast if I install all my program files on there. I've seen a few posts where people talk about leaving a portion of the SSD unformatted - is this something I should do? Thanks!

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• What are the design principles that promote testable code? (designing testable code vs driving design through tests)

  - by bot

  Most of the projects that I work on consider development and unit testing in isolation which makes writing unit tests at a later instance a nightmare. My objective is to keep testing in mind during the high level and low level design phases itself. I want to know if there are any well defined design principles that promote testable code. One such principle that I have come to understand recently is Dependency Inversion through Dependency injection and Inversion of Control. I have read that there is something known as SOLID. I want to understand if following the SOLID principles indirectly results in code that is easily testable? If not, are there any well-defined design principles that promote testable code? I am aware that there is something known as Test Driven Development. Although, I am more interested in designing code with testing in mind during the design phase itself rather than driving design through tests. I hope this makes sense. One more question related to this topic is whether it's alright to re-factor an existing product/project and make changes to code and design for the purpose of being able to write a unit test case for each module?

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• What are the pros & cons of these MySQL engines for OLTP -- XtraDB, PBXT, or TokuDB?

  - by Continuation

  I'm working on a social website with an approximate read/write split of 90/10. Trying to decide on a MySQL engine. The ones I'm interested in are: XtraDB PBXT TokuDB What are the pros and cons of them for my use case? A few specific questions: PBXT uses log-based structure that avoids double-writes. It sounds very elegant, but the benchmark I've seen doesn't show any/much advantages over XtraDB. Do you have any experience with PBXT/XtraDB you can share? TokuDB sounds VERY interesting. But all the benchmarks I've seen are about single-threaded bulk inserts - inserting 100M rows for example. that's not very relevant for OLTP. What about its performance with large number of concurrent threads writing and reading at the same time? Anyone has tried that?

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• Prioritize file sharing capabilities in Windows Server 2008

  - by cmbrnt

  I've got a server running Windows Server 2008, and use it mainly for sharing files throughout the domain from a number of disks. It's running on VMware ESXi 4.0, in case that matters. My problem is that when I log in to the server to check user permissions etc, the access speed the files on the remote disks almost grinds to a halt. I havn't been able to measure the speeds, but I would guess it slows down to about 100kB/s as soon as I log in. This is on a gigabit network and the problems are equal for all users, even the ones connected to the same switch as the server. I've assigned 2 GB RAM to the server, and reserved it 1,5Ghz processor power. I don't have to do anything special on the server for this halt to occur. How can I make sure file sharing is prioritized on the server, so no matter what applications I'm using it will always make sure file sharing works properly? Could this be a VMware issue?

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• (How) does deleting open files on Linux and a FAT file system work?

  - by lxgr

  It's clear to me how deleting open files works on filesystems that use inodes - unlink() just decreases the link count to zero, and when the last file handle to the file is closed, the inode will be removed. But how does it work when using a file system that doesn't use inodes, like FAT32, with Linux? Some experiments suggest that deleting open files is still possible (unlike on Windows, where the unlink call wouldn't succeed), but what happens when the file system is uncleanly unmounted? How does Linux mark the files as unlinked, when the file system itself doesn't support such an operation? Is the directory entry just deleted, but retained in memory (that would guarantee deletion after unmounting in any case, but would leave the file system in an inconsistent state), or will the deletion only be marked in memory, and written at the time the last file handle is closed, avoiding possible corruption, but restoring the deleted files after an unclean unmount?

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• Interfaces: profit of using

  - by Zapadlo

  First of all, my ubiquitous language is PHP, and I'm thinking about learning Java. So let me split my question on two closely related parts. Here goes the first part. Say I have a domain-model class. It has some getters, setters, some query methods etc. And one day I want to have a possibility to compare them. So it looks like: class MyEntity extends AbstractEntity { public function getId() { // get id property } public function setId($id) { // set id property } // plenty of other methods that set or retrieve data public function compareTo(MyEntity $anotherEntity) { // some compare logic } } If it would have been Java, I should have implemented a Comparable interface. But why? Polymorphism? Readbility? Or something else? And if it was PHP -- should I create Comparable interface for myself? So here goes the second part. My colleague told me that it is a rule of thumb in Java to create an interface for every behavioral aspect of the class. For example, if I wanted to present this object as a string, I should state this behaviour by something like implements Stringable, where in case of PHP Stringable would look like: interface Stringable { public function __toString(); } Is that really a rule of thumb? What benefits are gained with this approach? And does it worth it in PHP? And in Java?

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• Is it safe to disable clamd?

  - by mk1000

  Clamd is taking up about 5% of my memory (2GB) on my dedicated server and I'm wondering if I can disable it without any security risks. The server just hosts a few of my own websites. For the most part, email received and sent is done through gmail (which connects to my pop3 accounts). The only other email use case is where one of my websites parses all emails and grabs attached images and the subject line. Would there be any security / risks of virus infection if I disable clamd?

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• Recommended design pattern for object with optional and modifiable attributtes? [on hold]

  - by Ikuzen

  I've been using the Builder pattern to create objects with a large number of attributes, where most of them are optional. But up until now, I've defined them as final, as recommended by Joshua Block and other authors, and haven't needed to change their values. I am wondering what should I do though if I need a class with a substantial number of optional but non-final (mutable) attributes? My Builder pattern code looks like this: public class Example { //All possible parameters (optional or not) private final int param1; private final int param2; //Builder class public static class Builder { private final int param1; //Required parameters private int param2 = 0; //Optional parameters - initialized to default //Builder constructor public Builder (int param1) { this.param1 = param1; } //Setter-like methods for optional parameters public Builder param2(int value) { param2 = value; return this; } //build() method public Example build() { return new Example(this); } } //Private constructor private Example(Builder builder) { param1 = builder.param1; param2 = builder.param2; } } Can I just remove the final keyword from the declaration to be able to access the attributes externally (through normal setters, for example)? Or is there a creational pattern that allows optional but non-final attributes that would be better suited in this case?

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• Does multi-platter hard-drive use all of their heads to read simultaneously?

  - by WiSaGaN

  Suppose we have a harddisk with 2 platters with characteristics below: Rotational rate: 10, 000 RPM Avg sectors/track: 1000 Surfaces: 4 Sector size: 512 bytes I was reading "Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective 2ed" when I found that it calculates transfer time as if it only uses ONE head to read a sector. If that's the case, why not use 4 heads to write(read) on 4 surfaces? So when I write a 2K bytes file, each head should only need to wait for the platters to rotate just one sector length instead of 4, thus reducing the transfer time by a factor of 4. Or even redesign sector to make each sector on one cylinder but on 4 tracks residing same position respectively on 4 surfaces. Each one of (512/4) bytes. So when the hd needs to read a sector of 512 bytes, we only need the disk to rotate roughly 1/4 compare to original time. The idea looks like RAID 0.

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• How best to construct our test subjects in unit tests?

  - by Liath

  Some of our business logic classes require quite a few dependencies (in our case 7-10). As such when we come to unit test these the creation become quite complex. In most tests these dependencies are often not required (only some dependencies are required for particular methods). As a result unit tests often require a significant number of lines of code to mock up these useless dependencies (which can't be null because of null checks). For example: [Test] public void TestMethodA() { var dependency5 = new Mock<IDependency1>(); dependency5.Setup(x => x. // some setup var sut = new Sut(new Mock<IDependency1>().Object, new Mock<IDependency2>().Object, new Mock<IDependency3>().Object, new Mock<IDependency4>().Object, dependency5); Assert.SomeAssert(sut.MethodA()); } In this example almost half the test is taken up creating dependencies which aren't used. I've investigated an approach where I have a helper method. [Test] public void TestMethodA() { var dependency5 = new Mock<IDependency1>(); dependency5.Setup(x => x. // some setup var sut = CreateSut(null, null, null, null, dependency5); Assert.SomeAssert(sut.MethodA()); } private Sut CreateSut(IDependency1 d1, IDependency2 d2...) { return new Sut(d1 ?? new Mock<IDependency1>().Object, d2 ?? new Mock<IDependency2>().Object, } But these often grow very complicated very quickly. What is the best way to create these BLL classes in test classes to reduce complexity and simplify tests?

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• How can we add arch specific conflicts tag when building .deb package?

  - by Sphopale

  We are trying to build multi-arch supported i386 .deb package. There are two .deb packages build on i386 X1 & X2 (X2 is a subset of X1 binaries). X1 <- X2 conflict each other when installing . Only one .deb package can be installed at any instance. We similarly have binaries on xa64 arch. Again on xa64, there are two .deb packages X1 & X2 (X2 is a subset of X1 binaries). X1 <- X2 conflict each other when installing . Only one .deb package can be installed at any instance. In case of multi-arch i386 .deb package,i386 .deb packages (X1 & X2) can be installed on xa64 along side with 64bit (X1 & X2) However I see that when installing X1:i386 & X1:amd64 can co-exist However, it throws conflict error when trying to install X1:i386 & X2:amd64 In short, Can we mark package to conflict based on arch Conflict: X2:i386 X1:i386 package should only conflict with X2:i386 & allow other packages to co-exist X1:amd64 package should only conflict with X2:amd64 & allow other packages to co-exist X1:i386 can co-exist with X1:amd64 OR X2:amd64 X2:i386 can co-exist with X1:amd64 OR X2:amd64 Thanks for your reply

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• How can I rename files and subdirectories in a copied directory based on changes in the original?

  - by GaryF

  I have a directory structure with many hundreds of files and folders underneath it for organising files (in this case photos). I create backups of that directory structure by rsyncing it to identical copies on an external drives periodically. These drives may be offsite some of the time. I want to restructure and rename the files and directories in the original and then, later, when I have an external drive onsite, be able to run some tool that will cause these structural and naming changes to happen on the backup. If I just us rsync, it'll have to recopy much of the data to the backup drive, which I'd rather avoid due to the sizes involved. How can I get the changes I make to the original directory into the backups, as they become available, without having to recopy/rsync the data?

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• Would SSD drives benefit from a non-default allocation unit size?

  - by davebug

  The default allocation unit size recommended when formatting a drive in our current set-up is 4096 bytes. I understand the basics of the pros and cons of larger and smaller sizes (performance boost vs. space preservation) but it seems the benefits of a solid state drive (seek times massively lower than hard disks) may create a situation where a much smaller allocation size is not detrimental. Were this the case it would at least partially help to overcome the disadvantage of SSD (massively higher prices per GB). Is there a way to determine the 'cost' of smaller allocation sizes specifically related to seek times? Or are there any studies or articles recommending a change from the default based on this newer tech? (Assume the most average scattering of sizes program files, OS files, data, mp3s, text files, etc.)

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• How to maximise a Single Window across Multiple Monitors?

  - by LePressentiment

  Say I've 3 monitors. I'll instantiate with http://www.texpaste.com/. What would I need for: The leftmost toolbox to be on the leftmost monitor? The center input blank field on the center monitor? The rightmost output display box on the rightmost monitor? Another example with 2 monitors: http://mathb.in/ Analogously, in this case, I'd want: The input blank field for the code on the left monitor? The rightoutput display box on the right monitor?

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• Problem installing Ubuntu 14.04 into a laptop using Windows 8.1

  - by AlexanderFreud

  I have used Ubuntu on my LG laptop for several years. I lately bought an Acer Aspire V5 laptop which included Windows 8.1. I don't have any data on it; I would like to just remove it completely (that horrible Windows 8.1) and install Ubuntu. I tried using a USB device with Ubuntu 14.04 (64bit version) saved on it. I changed the BIOS configuration, putting USB device first on boot order, Windows Boot Manager last. When I try to run with USB device it doesn't work. Messages like these show up: System doesn't have any USB boot option. Please select other boot option in Boot Manager Menu. Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause. To fix the problem: 1. insert your windows installation disc and restart your computer 2. choose your language settings, and then click "next" 3. click "repair your computer" If you do not have this disk, contact your system administrator manufacturer for assistance File \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr Status: 0xc000007b Info: the application or operating system couldn't be load...[?] required file is missing or contains errors. Could someone please write step-by-step procedures to install Ubuntu 14.04 after removing Windows 8.1 ? I already have done a second partition on the hard disk just in case.

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• What is and what is not replicated in a glassfish cluster with a mod_jk load balancer?

  - by Navigateur

  I have a Glassfish (3.1.2) cluster over 2 computers as nodes, with a mod_jk load balancer. Are servlet instance variables replicated perfectly? If not, how do I make sure it is? Are all actions, including method calls and disk writes, replicated perfectly? If not, how do I make sure they are? These may seem like stupid questions, but I'm not seeking "load balancing" as much as I am seeking exact replication to enable future upgrading without any service interruption. How do I achieve this if it is not already the case?

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• How to Boot or "enter" into ubnutu 11.04 (Natty Narwhall) on PS3 after installing it?

  - by Xdm

  After failing to install ubuntu 11.04 Desktop version (burned on a dvd, because iso's file size was 726 Mb), in tried the alternate version (about 686 Mb) which i burned into a CD. During the installation process, i manually partitioned the hard drive using ext3. After the installation, the CD ejects itself and i hit "continue". In the k boot prompt i hit "enter" on my the keyboard. I see i welcome message in a dark background (a kind of full screen terminal/console called CLI i think) and was asked to enter my user name and password. After that, instead of booting into the beautiful desktop of Ubuntu, i saw this: ubuntu@my_name$ It was like a line of command i think, where you can use "sudo" commands. It is called a non-graphic mode i think. My my REAL problem is to enter Ubuntu 11.04 with the chocolate-colored background and the African music drum. I tried many commands to boot into the graphic mode of the system such as Ctr+Alt+F7 but nothing happened. In this case, i just saw numbers showing available blocks. I DON'T UNDERSTAND. I also tried startx and sudo startx without result. I DO bought a PS3 BOTH for gaming and for Ubuntu because i can't afford buying a PC. Please help me with my trouble dear Ubuntu 11.04 users. I am counting on you. All the best Xdm

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• Hosting solution for startup social app?

  - by happyhardik

  We are in a process of building up a social app. Initially we will have only a few thousands of users than will grow with time. Which would be the best and suitable hosting for this purpose? Grid, cloud or VPS? (it has to be economic, as we are just starting up) The hosting needs to be strong, so, in case our app has increase in the user base all of a sudden it wont break up or slow down the app. Our app is in PHP, MySQL. Sorry, if question posted in wrong place. Thanks, for your time. :)

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• I don't have a free PCI / PCI-e slot, can it be worked around?

  - by Borek

  I need to add a PCI(e) card to a nettop PC that is so small that the card won't fit there (and there is no external alternative like we're used to with external TV tuners). The only ports available are USB and eSATA, is it possible to somehow "dock" the PCI card into some device that would then connect to the PC via USB or eSATA? Or am I out of luck? (I don't mind the solution being visually ugly, I wouldn't even mind opening up the case and soldering some wires in, anything that would work would be great.)

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• How does communication between 2 computers in a single network happen?

  - by learner

  Lets say I and my friend connect our computers with a LAN cable. I ping my friend with his IP address. How does it work? Since we are in the same network, we don't even need IP addresses, do we? Isn't IP addressing only relevant in case of inter-network communication? What will the ping command do with his IP address? How will it eventually find his physical address (NIC address)? (no ARP here, because that would involve a router at the edge of the network, which doesn't apply here). Am I wrong somewhere?

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