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  • Two NIC's 2 Internet Connections, 1 Windows Server 2008 RC2, Routing help required

    - by PJZ
    Hello, I have a Windows 2008 server and 4 other client machines on my home network. I have two internet connections. The main connection is setup with a home router and DHCP on that for all the clients on the network. The secondary connection is just a cable modem which is plugged directly into the server. Local Area Connection: This NIC has an external IP and is connected to the Cable Modem. Local Area Connection 2: This NIC has an internal IP (192.168.0.102) and allows access to all the internal computers. It also has internet access via the local router. So here lies the problem, I want to use the Cable connection on the server for the internet traffic (so that the traffic for server/clients are seperated) but I also need to maintain local access. I am wondering how to make it so that all the internet traffic goes via that NIC because at the moment it goes through the local NIC. As a secondary problem I would also like to forward the connection of one application used by the clients via the server and the cable/server internet because of poor routing for it on the main connection. This perhaps is something for another question though. Thanks for any help you can offer me. Regards PJ

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  • How do I fix a custom Event Viewer Log that merges automatically with the Application log?

    - by NightOwl888
    I am trying to create a custom event log for a Windows Service on Windows Server 2003. I would like to name the custom log "(ML) Startup Commands". However, when I add a registry key with that name to HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog\, it adds a log but shows the exact same events that are in the Application log when looking in the event viewer. If I add a registry key with the name "(ML) Startup Commands 2" to the event log, it shows a blank event log as expected. In fact, any other name will work correctly except for the one I want. I have searched through the registry for other keys with the string "(ML)" and removed all other references to this key name, however I continue to get merged results in the viewer when I create a key with this name. My question is, how can I fix the server so I can create a custom event log with this name that shows only the events from my application, not the events from the default Application event log that is installed with Windows? Update: I rebooted the server and woudn't you know it, the log started acting normally. I got a strange error message in the Application log: The EventSystem sub system is suppressing duplicate event log entries for a duration of 86400 seconds. The suppression timeout can be controlled by a REG_DWORD value named SuppressDuplicateDuration under the following registry key: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\EventSystem\EventLog. For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. I can only hope this error doesn't mean the problem will come back after 86400 seconds. I guess I will have to wait and see.

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  • Setting up SSL for phpMyAdmin

    - by Ubuntu User
    I would like to run phpmyadmin using my SSL certificate. I read that if I placed the following within the file: /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php, it would force it to use SSL. And now it does... $cfg['ForceSSL'] =true; However, my issue is when I did this, now I get an error stating "cannot connect to server." I do a port scan and my port 443 is closed for one, but I am connecting via https:// for my secure web based email admin panel. This tells me this may not be the issue. Second, is that I have a SSL certificate I purchased but I am not sure how to apply this cert. mydomain.com.crt is sitting on my desktop, how should I be utilizing this? I remember creating a self signed cert for my web-email access. Do I have to do this for phpmyadmin as well? At least this way, since I am the only one who will ever access the DB, it will never expire. Also the phpmyadmin used to come up as: http://mydomain/phpmyadmin/ of course I am now trying to get to https://mydomain.com/phpmyadmin/ however, I do not have any pages on my website that requires https:// currently. In the future I may add this. But for now, I only want to access phpmyadmin via ssl. I can use my own -- but if this causes problems with future ecommerce apps under mydomain.com I would rather use the SSL cert I already purchased. Thank you!

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  • mod_rewrite "Request exceeded the limit of 10 internal redirects due to probable configuration error."

    - by Shoaibi
    What i want: Force www [works] Restrict access to .inc.php [works] Force redirection of abc.php to /abc/ Removal of extension from url Add a trailing slash if needed old .htaccess : Options +FollowSymLinks <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / ### Force www RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.net$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www\.example\.net/$1 [L,R=301] ### Restrict access RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(.*)\.inc\.php$ [NC] RewriteRule .* - [F,L] #### Remove extension: RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1.php [L,R=301] ######### Trailing slash: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(.*)/$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.net/$1/ [R=301,L] </IfModule> New .htaccess: Options +FollowSymLinks <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / ### Force www RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.net$ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www\.example\.net/$1 [L,R=301] ### Restrict access RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(.*)\.inc\.php$ [NC] RewriteRule .* - [F,L] #### Remove extension: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} \.php$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f RewriteRule (.*)\.php$ /$1/ [L,R=301] #### Map pseudo-directory to PHP file RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.php -f RewriteRule (.*) /$1.php [L] ######### Trailing slash: RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !/$ RewriteRule (.*) $1/ [L,R=301] </IfModule> errorlog: Request exceeded the limit of 10 internal redirects due to probable configuration error. Use 'LimitInternalRecursion' to increase the limit if necessary. Use 'LogLevel debug' to get a backtrace., referer: http://www.example.net/ Rewrite.log: http://pastebin.com/x5PKeJHB

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  • Remote desktop connection to network printer

    - by andand
    I'm trying to print a document from a remote WinXP machine to a network printer I use on a local Win7 machine using Remote Desktop. The network printer does not appear in the list of those available on the WinXP box. In more detail, the local machine runs Windows 7 (no admin rights) and connects to a network printer managed by a print server (i.e. not using a local TCP/IP Port). I have access to a Windows XP host on a separate network which I access using Remote Desktop. I would like to have print requests from the remote XP box forwarded to the network printer I use on the Windows 7 machine. The XP machine cannot access the print server I use on the Win7 machine nor can it create a TCP/IP port to connect directly to the printer (network configuration issues). After having consulting the KB312135 I confirmed the "Printers" option was selected in the Remote Desktop Client, Local Resources Tab, yet the network printer does not appear on the list of available printers on the XP box. Is this a lost cause or is there something else I haven't managed to locate yet?

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  • OpenVPN Client timing out

    - by Austin
    I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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  • Can't connect to MS SQL Server database using SSMS

    - by Charles
    I have a database on line with Godaddy (who uses SQL Server 2005). They provide basic management tools, but tell you that for more advanced tools you can connect directly using SSMS. I followed their instructions to ensure my online database will accept remote connections, and can apparently log in using SSMS with success (after giving my hostname and access data). However: Now from in SSMS, when attempting to expand the "Databases" folder tree, I get the following error: Failed to retrieve data for this request. (Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc) An exception occurred while executing a Transact-SQL statement or batch. (Microsoft.SqlServer.ConnectionInfo) The server principal "cmitchell" is not able to access the database "3pointdb" under the current security context. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 916) The irony is that 3pointdb isn't my database. It is just another in a long list of databases that show up when I access my Godaddy backend. From SSMS, I selected the default database to be the name of my database, which it did locate on the list when I browsed. Still same error message. It is trying to connect to a database that isn't mine! :( Godaddy support, after a bit of testing, said the problem isn't on their end. it's on mine. – Charles

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  • New AD-DC in a new Site is refusing cross-site IPv4 connections

    - by sysadmin1138
    We just added a new Server 2008 (sp2) Domain Controller in a new Site, our first such config. It's over a VPN gateway WAN (10Mbit). Unfortunately it is displaying a strange network symptom. Connections to the SMB ports (TCP/139 and TCP/445) are being actively refused... if the connection is coming in on pure IPv4. If the incoming connection is coming by way of the 6to4 tunnel those connections establish and work just fine. It isn't the Firewall, since this behavior can be replicated with the firewall turned off. Also, it's actually issuing RST packets to connection attempts; something that only happens with a Windows Firewall if there is a service behind a port and the service itself denies access. I doubt it's some firewall device on the wire, since the server this one replaced was running Samba and access to it from our main network functioned just fine. I'm thinking it might have something to do with the Subnet lists in AD Sites & Services, but I'm not sure. We haven't put any IPv6 addresses in there, just v4, and it's the v4 connections that are being denied. Unfortunately, I can't figure this out. We need to be able to talk to this DC from the main campus. Is there some kind of site-based SMB-level filtering going on? I can talk to the DC's on campus just fine, but that's over that v6 tunnel. I don't have access to a regular machine on that remote subnet, which limits my ability to test.

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  • ServerRoot in my lighttpd.conf

    - by michael
    Hi, I have use the following example lighttpd.conf to launch my lighttpd. Can you please tell me where is my 'ServerRoot'? # lighttpd configuration file # # use it as a base for lighttpd 1.0.0 and above # # $Id: lighttpd.conf,v 1.7 2004/11/03 22:26:05 weigon Exp $ ############ Options you really have to take care of #################### ## modules to load # at least mod_access and mod_accesslog should be loaded # all other module should only be loaded if really neccesary # - saves some time # - saves memory server.modules = ( # "mod_rewrite", # "mod_redirect", # "mod_alias", "mod_access", # "mod_trigger_b4_dl", # "mod_auth", # "mod_status", # "mod_setenv", "mod_fastcgi", # "mod_proxy", # "mod_simple_vhost", # "mod_evhost", # "mod_userdir", # "mod_cgi", # "mod_compress", # "mod_ssi", # "mod_usertrack", # "mod_expire", # "mod_secdownload", # "mod_rrdtool", "mod_accesslog" ) ## A static document-root. For virtual hosting take a look at the ## mod_simple_vhost module. server.document-root = "/srv/www/htdocs/" ## where to send error-messages to server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" # files to check for if .../ is requested index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm" ) ## set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual) # server.event-handler = "freebsd-kqueue" # needed on OS X # mimetype mapping mimetype.assign = ( ".pdf" => "application/pdf", ".sig" => "application/pgp-signature", ".spl" => "application/futuresplash", ".class" => "application/octet-stream", ".ps" => "application/postscript", ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent", ".dvi" => "application/x-dvi", ".gz" => "application/x-gzip", ".pac" => "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", ".swf" => "application/x-shockwave-flash", ".tar.gz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tgz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tar" => "application/x-tar", ".zip" => "application/zip", ".mp3" => "audio/mpeg", ".m3u" => "audio/x-mpegurl", ".wma" => "audio/x-ms-wma", ".wax" => "audio/x-ms-wax", ".ogg" => "application/ogg", ".wav" => "audio/x-wav", ".gif" => "image/gif", ".jar" => "application/x-java-archive", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", ".xbm" => "image/x-xbitmap", ".xpm" => "image/x-xpixmap", ".xwd" => "image/x-xwindowdump", ".css" => "text/css", ".html" => "text/html", ".htm" => "text/html", ".js" => "text/javascript", ".asc" => "text/plain", ".c" => "text/plain", ".cpp" => "text/plain", ".log" => "text/plain", ".conf" => "text/plain", ".text" => "text/plain", ".txt" => "text/plain", ".dtd" => "text/xml", ".xml" => "text/xml", ".mpeg" => "video/mpeg", ".mpg" => "video/mpeg", ".mov" => "video/quicktime", ".qt" => "video/quicktime", ".avi" => "video/x-msvideo", ".asf" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".asx" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".wmv" => "video/x-ms-wmv", ".bz2" => "application/x-bzip", ".tbz" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", ".tar.bz2" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", # default mime type "" => "application/octet-stream", ) # Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible #mimetype.use-xattr = "enable" ## send a different Server: header ## be nice and keep it at lighttpd # server.tag = "lighttpd" #### accesslog module accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/access.log" ## deny access the file-extensions # # ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part # of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.pdf$" { server.range-requests = "disable" } ## # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer # # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) ######### Options that are good to be but not neccesary to be changed ####### ## bind to port (default: 80) server.port = 9090 ## bind to localhost (default: all interfaces) server.bind = "127.0.0.1" ## error-handler for status 404 #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.html" #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.php" ## to help the rc.scripts #server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid" ###### virtual hosts ## ## If you want name-based virtual hosting add the next three settings and load ## mod_simple_vhost ## ## document-root = ## virtual-server-root + virtual-server-default-host + virtual-server-docroot ## or ## virtual-server-root + http-host + virtual-server-docroot ## #simple-vhost.server-root = "/srv/www/vhosts/" #simple-vhost.default-host = "www.example.org" #simple-vhost.document-root = "/htdocs/" ## ## Format: <errorfile-prefix><status-code>.html ## -> ..../status-404.html for 'File not found' #server.errorfile-prefix = "/usr/share/lighttpd/errors/status-" #server.errorfile-prefix = "/srv/www/errors/status-" ## virtual directory listings #dir-listing.activate = "enable" ## select encoding for directory listings #dir-listing.encoding = "utf-8" ## enable debugging #debug.log-request-header = "enable" #debug.log-response-header = "enable" #debug.log-request-handling = "enable" #debug.log-file-not-found = "enable" ### only root can use these options # # chroot() to directory (default: no chroot() ) #server.chroot = "/" ## change uid to <uid> (default: don't care) #server.username = "wwwrun" ## change uid to <uid> (default: don't care) #server.groupname = "wwwrun" #### compress module #compress.cache-dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd/compress/" #compress.filetype = ("text/plain", "text/html") #### proxy module ## read proxy.txt for more info #proxy.server = ( ".php" => # ( "localhost" => # ( # "host" => "192.168.0.101", # "port" => 80 # ) # ) # ) #### fastcgi module fastcgi.server = ( "/fastcgi_scripts/" => (( "host" => "127.0.0.1", "port" => 1026, "check-local" => "disable", "bin-path" => "/usr/local/bin/cgi-fcgi", #"docroot" => "/" # remote server may use # it's own docroot )) ) ## read fastcgi.txt for more info ## for PHP don't forget to set cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 in the php.ini #fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => # ( "localhost" => # ( # "socket" => "/var/run/lighttpd/php-fastcgi.socket", # "bin-path" => "/usr/local/bin/php-cgi" # ) # ) # ) #### CGI module #cgi.assign = ( ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl", # ".cgi" => "/usr/bin/perl" ) # #### SSL engine #ssl.engine = "enable" #ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/private/lighttpd.pem" #### status module #status.status-url = "/server-status" #status.config-url = "/server-config" #### auth module ## read authentication.txt for more info #auth.backend = "plain" #auth.backend.plain.userfile = "lighttpd.user" #auth.backend.plain.groupfile = "lighttpd.group" #auth.backend.ldap.hostname = "localhost" #auth.backend.ldap.base-dn = "dc=my-domain,dc=com" #auth.backend.ldap.filter = "(uid=$)" #auth.require = ( "/server-status" => # ( # "method" => "digest", # "realm" => "download archiv", # "require" => "user=jan" # ), # "/server-config" => # ( # "method" => "digest", # "realm" => "download archiv", # "require" => "valid-user" # ) # ) #### url handling modules (rewrite, redirect, access) #url.rewrite = ( "^/$" => "/server-status" ) #url.redirect = ( "^/wishlist/(.+)" => "http://www.123.org/$1" ) #### both rewrite/redirect support back reference to regex conditional using %n #$HTTP["host"] =~ "^www\.(.*)" { # url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "http://%1/$1" ) #} # # define a pattern for the host url finding # %% => % sign # %0 => domain name + tld # %1 => tld # %2 => domain name without tld # %3 => subdomain 1 name # %4 => subdomain 2 name # #evhost.path-pattern = "/srv/www/vhosts/%3/htdocs/" #### expire module #expire.url = ( "/buggy/" => "access 2 hours", "/asdhas/" => "access plus 1 seconds 2 minutes") #### ssi #ssi.extension = ( ".shtml" ) #### rrdtool #rrdtool.binary = "/usr/bin/rrdtool" #rrdtool.db-name = "/var/lib/lighttpd/lighttpd.rrd" #### setenv #setenv.add-request-header = ( "TRAV_ENV" => "mysql://user@host/db" ) #setenv.add-response-header = ( "X-Secret-Message" => "42" ) ## for mod_trigger_b4_dl # trigger-before-download.gdbm-filename = "/var/lib/lighttpd/trigger.db" # trigger-before-download.memcache-hosts = ( "127.0.0.1:11211" ) # trigger-before-download.trigger-url = "^/trigger/" # trigger-before-download.download-url = "^/download/" # trigger-before-download.deny-url = "http://127.0.0.1/index.html" # trigger-before-download.trigger-timeout = 10 #### variable usage: ## variable name without "." is auto prefixed by "var." and becomes "var.bar" #bar = 1 #var.mystring = "foo" ## integer add #bar += 1 ## string concat, with integer cast as string, result: "www.foo1.com" #server.name = "www." + mystring + var.bar + ".com" ## array merge #index-file.names = (foo + ".php") + index-file.names #index-file.names += (foo + ".php") #### include #include /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd-inc.conf ## same as above if you run: "lighttpd -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf" #include "lighttpd-inc.conf" #### include_shell #include_shell "echo var.a=1" ## the above is same as: #var.a=1 Thank you.

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  • Serving only certain files from a directory to users on IIS7

    - by HarbingTarbl
    I'm have a need to show the most up to date version of a certain file in a directory to users who access a folder on my site (lets call this folder logs). I can't just move the file into the folder as another process relies on being able to find and edit this file while it is running. At first I had thought I could just create a folder on my site, give it the correct permissions and then create a symbolic link to the file. However it seems IIS7 does not follow symlinks. Another solution would be to create a phpscript that pulls the correct file and displays it, but that felt like over-engineering the solution. I know that on Apache this would be simple, but I can't figure out how to do it with IIS7. To give an idea of the folder structure I'm working with. The directory looks like this. Root --File I need to serve. --File containing plain text passwords. --Other folders/files. I can't move any of these files. If I just serve the entire directory using Virtual Directories in IIS I'll also be sharing files and folders containing configuration and other sensitive information.

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  • Set up WLAN in 3-level house

    - by Balint Erdi
    I'm having a hard time setting up the network in our house. It has three levels (basement, ground floor, first level). The WLAN is set up by an ASUS RT-N12 router which provides perfect coverage for the ground floor and the basement. However, I set up my "home office" in the basement where the signal barely arrived. So I purchased a TP-Link TL-WA901ND (300 Mbps) Access Point which I set up in the other corner of the ground floor to expand the ASUS router's range. I used the AP's Repeater mode for that. The distance between my computer and the TP-Link AP is 6-7 meters. There is a staircase going down from the ground floor to the basement so there are no solid walls between the computer and the AP. This setup mostly works (I am writing this from the basement) but it is not reliable (the signal strength sometimes goes down to ~40% of the max) sometimes so I wonder if I am doing it correctly or if there is a better way. Screenshot of the router's and the AP's dashboard screen follow: Any comments on what I am doing wrong or hints for improvement are appreciated. Thank you. UPDATE Tried one more thing, setting up the TP-LINK AP in Access Point mode. That way, I can make it use a different SSID. I enabled WDS/Bridge so that it expands the range of the ASUS router (see screenshot). That does not work, either, if I connect to the network set up by the TP-LINK device (PELSTER-2), I can't reach the external network (the Internet). It seems the problem always comes back to this, the TP-LINK does not have access to the external network, whatever its mode of operation.

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  • ssh use with netcat to forward connections via bastion host to inside machine

    - by Registered User
    Hi, I am having a server in a corporate data centre who's sys admin is me. There are some virtual machines running on it.The main server is accessible from internet via SSH. There are some people who within the lan access the virtual machines whose IPs on LAN are 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 the main machine which is a bastion host for internet has IP 192.168.1.50 and only I have access to it. I have to give people on internet the access to the internal machines whose IP I mentioned above.I know tunnel is a good way but the people are fairly non technical and do not want to get into a tunnel etc jargons.So I came across a solution as explained on this link On the gateway machine which is 192.168.1.50 in the .ssh/config file I add following Host securehost.example.com ProxyCommand ssh [email protected] nc %h %p Now my question is do I need to create separate accounts on the bastion host (gateway) to those users who can SSH to the inside machines and in each of the users .ssh/config I need to make the above entry or where exactly I put the .ssh/config on the gateway. Also ssh [email protected] where user1 exists only on inside machine 192.168.1.1 and not on the gateway is that right syntax? Because the internal machines are accessilbe to outside world as site1.example.com site2.example.com site3.example.com site4.example.com But SSH is only for example.com and only one user.So How should I go for .ssh/config 1) What is the correct syntax for ProxyCommand on gateway's .ssh/config should I use ProxyCommand ssh [email protected] nc %h %p or I should use ProxyCommand ssh [email protected] in nc %h %p 2) Should I create new user accounts on gateway or adding them in AllowedUsers on ssh_config is sufficient?

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  • LDAP Authentication woes

    - by Marcelo de Moraes Serpa
    Hello list, I have a local OpenLDAP server with a couple of users. I'm using it for development purposes, here's the ldif: #Top level - the organization dn: dc=site, dc=com dc: site description: My Organization objectClass: dcObject objectClass: organization o: Organization #Top level - manager dn: cn=Manager, dc=site, dc=com objectClass: organizationalRole cn: Manager #Second level - organizational units dn: ou=people, dc=site, dc=com ou: people description: All people in the organization objectClass: organizationalunit dn: ou=groups, dc=site, dc=com ou: groups description: All groups in the organization objectClass: organizationalunit #Third level - people dn: uid=celoserpa, ou=people, dc=site, dc=com objectclass: pilotPerson objectclass: uidObject uid: celoserpa cn: Marcelo de Moraes Serpa sn: de Moraes Serpa userPassword: secret_12345 mail: [email protected] So far, so good. I can bind with "cn=Manager,dc=site,dc=com" and the 12345678 password (the local server password, setup on slapd.conf). However, I would like to bind with any user in under the people OU. In this case, I'd like to bind with: dn: uid=celoserpa, ou=people, dc=site, dc=com userPassword: secret_12345 But I'm getting a "(49) - Invalid Credentials" error everytime. I have tried through CLI tools (such as ldapadd, ldapwhoami, etc) and also ruby/ldap. The bind with these credentials fails with a invalid credentials error. I thought that it could be an ACL issue, however, the ACLs on slapd.conf seem to be right: access to attrs=userPassword by self write by dn.sub="ou=people,dc=site,dc=com" read by anonymous auth access to * by * read I was suspecting that maybe OpenLDAP doesn't compare against userPassword? Or maybe some ACL configuration I am missing that is somehow affecting the read access to userPassword for the specific DN. I'm really lost here, any suggestion appreciated! Cheers, Marcelo.

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  • .htaccess authorization requiring username/password for every resource

    - by webworm
    I am using Apache2 on Ubuntu and I have having some "weird" user authorization issues. I am using .htaccess to control access to my directories. I have many users and have grouped them into user groups which are defined in a "group" file. I then use .htaccess within each directory to define which users have access to the directory and which do not. Here is an example .htaccess file. AuthUserFile /var/local/.htpasswd AuthGroupFile /var/local/groups AuthName "Username and Password Required" AuthType Basic require group design admin Everything is working with one exception. I added a new user to one of my groups and though they can gain access to the directory they are prompted for a username and password for every resource (i.e. image, CSS). After a while I can just keep selecting "cancel" and I will get a page with just html with no images or CSS. I would think the browser would just cache the username/password. It seems to be working well for other users. Any thoughts?

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  • .htaccess authorization requiring username/password for every resource

    - by webworm
    I am using Apache2 on Ubuntu and I have having some "weird" user authorization issues. I am using .htaccess to control access to my directories. I have many users and have grouped them into user groups which are defined in a "group" file. I then use .htaccess within each directory to define which users have access to the directory and which do not. Here is an example .htaccess file. AuthUserFile /var/local/.htpasswd AuthGroupFile /var/local/groups AuthName "Username and Password Required" AuthType Basic require group design admin Everything is working with one exception. I added a new user to one of my groups and though they can gain access to the directory they are prompted for a username and password for every resource (i.e. image, CSS). After a while I can just keep selecting "cancel" and I will get a page with just html with no images or CSS. I would think the browser would just cache the username/password. It seems to be working well for other users. Any thoughts?

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  • openvpn& iptables -- portforwarding and gateway

    - by Smith.Lai
    The problem is similar to this scenario: iptables rule still take effect after deleted Scenario: There are several clients(C1~C10) providing some services, such as SSH,HTTP..... The clients are actually a personal computer behind NAT. Their IP might be 192.168.0.x For easily access these machines through internet, I built a OpenVPN server(S1). All the C1~C10 connect to S1 with VPN address 10.8.0.x If A user(U1) wanna access C1 SSH through internet, he can connect to S1 with port "55555", and S1 port forward 55555 to 10.8.0.6:22 echo 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 55555 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.8.0.6:22 It works well until I mark the following in the openvpn server.conf: I marked this because I think this will make all connection go through S1 ;push "redirect-gateway" |-------(NAT)--------| (C1)--| (INTERNET)----(U1) |-----(VPN)----(S1)--| The C1~C10 have their own path to access internet resource through NAT . The server loading would be heavy if all C1~C10 connection go through S1 (for example, C1 is sending data to C2, or C1 is downloading data from a FTP site). Is there a way to solve this quandary?

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  • How to set up a serial connection to a Windows 7 computer

    - by oli_arborum
    I need to set up a "dial in" connection to a Windows 7 (Ultimate) computer via a serial null-modem cable to be able to connect from a Windows XP client to that computer and exchange data over IP. Question 1: How do I do that? I did neither find the information via Google nor in the MSDN. Seems like no one tried ever before... ;-) I already managed to install a legacy modem device called "Communications cable between two computers" and found the menu entry "New Incoming Connection..." in Network and Internet Network Connections. When I finish this wizard I get the message that the "Routing and Remote Access service" cannot be started. In the event viewer I see the following error messages: "The currently configured authentication provider failed to load and initialize successfully. The requested name is valid, but no data of the requested type was found." (Source: RemoteAccess, EventID: 20152) "The Routing and Remote Access service terminated with service-specific error The requested name is valid, but no data of the requested type was found." (Source: Service Control Manager, EventID: 7024) The Windows 7 installation is "naked", i.e. no additional software or services are installed. Question 2: Am I on the right path to set up the connection? Question 3: How can I get the Routing and Remote Access service running?

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  • reverse proxy not rewriting to https

    - by polishpt
    I need your help. I'm having problems with reverse proxy rewriting to https: I have an alfresco app running on top of tomcat and as a front and an Apache server - it's site-enabled looks like that: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName alfresco JkMount /* ajp13_worker <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined ServerSignature Off </VirtualHost> I also have a reverse proxy server running on second machine and i want it to rewrite queries to https. It's site-enabled looks like that: <VirtualHost 192.168.251.50:80> ServerName alfresco DocumentRoot /var/www/ RewriteEngine on RewriteRule (.*) https://alfresco/ [R] LogLevel warn ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/alfresco-80-error.log CustomLog /var/log/apache2/alfresco-80-access.log combined ServerSignature Off </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 192.168.251.50:443> ServerName alfresco DocumentRoot /var/www/ SSLEngine On SSLProxyEngine On SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/alfresco.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/alfresco.key SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass /alfresco http://192.168.251.50:8080/alfresco ProxyPassReverse /alfresco http://192.168.251.50:8080/alfresco LogLevel warn ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/alfresco-443-error.log CustomLog /var/log/apache2/alfresco-443-access.log combined ServerSignature Off </VirtualHost> Now, ProxyPass works, when I go to alfresco/alfrsco in a browser application opens, but rewriting to https doesn't work. Plese help. Regards when I go to 192.168.251.50 Tomcat configuration page shows up. When I go to 192.268.251.50:8080 - the same as above when I go to 192.168.251.50:8080/alfresco - alfresco app page shows app when I go to alfresco/alfresco - same as above when i go to https://alfresco or https://alfresco i get an error connecting to a server

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  • Basic Apache setup is not seeing my site

    - by Jakobud
    Sorry that is a horrible thread subject, but I cannot think of a better more descriptive subject. We are running a Fedora 11 server that is currently hosting some CRM on it. I want to use a VirtualHost directive to add another site to the server. So I created this conf: /etc/httpd/conf.d/mysite.ourdomain.com.conf And here is the content: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName mysite.ourdomain.com DocumentRoot /www/mysite ServerAdmin [email protected] ErrorLog /var/log/mysite.ourdomain.com-error.log CustomLog /var/log/mysite.ourdomain.com-access.log common </VirtualHost> I restarted apache, getting the following warning: [warn] NameVirtualHost *:80 has no VirtualHosts From what I read, this warning is not related and I can ignore it and my site should still be up and running, correct? (I'll troubleshoot this error later if so) Well I have our DNS server setup to point mysite.ourdomain.com to goto this server. I can ping it and it points to the correct LAN IP, etc.. Now when I try to access it in the browswer I get nothing. It just says Connecting... and never gets there. If I try mysite.ourdomain.com or the IP address, neither one doesn't get there. It's a very simple and basic apache setup so I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong... Like I said, the other thing that is running on this server is a crm and it's .conf looks something like this: Listen x.x.x.x:443 <VirtualHost x.x.x.x:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName crm.ourdomain.com ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/ourdomain/crm-error.log CustomLog /var/log/httpd/ourdomain/crm-access.log common DocumentRoot /www/ourdomain/crm <IfModule mod_dir.c> DirectoryIndex /index.php </IfModule> </VirtualHost> There is also some LDAP authentication stuff in that config but I left it out cause I assumed it wasn't necessary to post. Anyone have any clue where I should start or what settings I can post from httpd.conf that would help?

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  • best-practices to block social sites

    - by adopilot
    In our company we have around 100 workstation with internet access, And day by day situation getting more worst and worst from perspective of using internet access for the purpose of doing private jobs, and wasting time on social sites. Open hearted I am not for blocking sites like Facebook, Youtube, and others similar but day by day my colleagues do not finishing his tasks and while I looking at their monitor all time they are ruining IE or Mozilla and chat and things like that. In other way Ill like to block youtube sometime when We have very poor internet access speed, Here is my questions: Do other companies blocking social sites ? Do I need dedicated device for that like hardware firewall, super expensive router Or I can do that whit my existing FreeBSD 6.1 self made router with two lan cards and configured nat to act like router. I was trying do that using ipfw and routerfirewall but without success, My code looks like ipfw add 25 deny tcp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.facebook.com ipfw add 25 deny udp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.facebook. ipfw add 25 deny tcp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.dernek. ipfw add 25 deny udp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.dernek. ipfw add 25 deny tcp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.youtube. ipfw add 25 deny udp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.youtube.com

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  • Where to place Nginx IP blacklist config file?

    - by ProfessionalAmateur
    I have an Nginx web server hosting two sites. I created a blockips.conf file to blacklist IP addresses that are constantly probing the server and included this file in the nginx.conf file. However in my access logs for the sites I still see these IP addresses showing up. Do I need to include the black list in each site's conf instead of the global conf for Nginx? Here is my nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; # Load virtual host configuration files. include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; # BLOCK SPAMMERS IP ADDRESSES include /etc/nginx/conf.d/blockips.conf; } blockips.conf deny 58.218.199.250; access.log still shows this IP address. 58.218.199.250 - - [27/Sep/2012:06:41:03 -0600] "GET http://59.53.91.9/proxy/judge.php HTTP/1.1" 403 570 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)" "-" What am I doing incorrectly?

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  • Apache2 VirtualHost on Debian not working

    - by milo5b
    I am having some problems with Apache2 configuration. I have already tried to look for documentation on the web (Apache's site, Debian's site, here on serverfault, etc), but nothing really helps. I have tried different configurations, but my current configuration is the following (/etc/apache2/sites-available/default): <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName mysite.dev ServerAlias mysite.dev DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite.dev/httpdocs/ ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName livesite.com ServerAlias www.livesite.com DocumentRoot /var/www/livesite.com/httpdocs/ <Directory /var/www/livesite.com/httpdocs/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost> mysite.dev it's just an entry in hosts file on my client machine, while livesite.com it's an actual DNS record which would resolve to the same IP as the IP set in hosts file for mysite.dev. The problem is that when i try to type mysite.dev in my browser, it would automatically go to livesite.com. I tried to have different /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/ files (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mysite.dev , /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/livesite.com ) - and of course with the actual sites-available related files, but achieving the same results. I have tried to have a peak on error.log and access.log but there's nothing I can see. My httpd.conf contains: AccessFileName .htaccess And I have no /etc/apache2/conf.d/virtual.conf file. Any help would be greatly appreciated - if I did not provide enough info please let me know I will do my best to provide all necessary info. Thanks

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  • SQL Server Backup problem when browsing to the directory

    - by Richard West
    I want to allow a group (eg. 'BackupManagers') who can only preform backup and restore operations on certain databases. When creating the BackupManagers user account I checked db_backupoperator. When the user logs in to create a backup they get an error message similar to the following when the select Tasks - Backup - Click on Add in the destiantion block - click on the "..." button to browse TITLE: Locate Database Files - MYSERVER\SQL2005 E:\MSSQL\Backup Cannot access the specified path or file on the server. Verify that you have the necessary security privileges and that the path or file exists. If you know that the service account can access a specific file, type in the full path for the file in the File Name control in the Locate dialog box. I have confirmed that the user has permissions to the folder. I have even created a share to this folder and had them access it through explorer. They are able to create and delete files within the folder. I have found that if they type in the path to the file instead of using the "..." button to browse the directory tree then they can create a backup file fine. Why is the browse button not working as expected? Thanks!

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  • Map FTP folder to folder on different FTP server

    - by jolt
    In my team we work a lot with FTP. We upload and download files from several different servers daily. Currently every member of the team manages access credentials to each FTP server locally on their own machine. I am looking for a way to set up a central FTP server that we can connect to, and from there, navigate to folders that each represent one of the other FTP servers that we connect to daily. Something like this: In-house central FTP server: |- FolderA --> server A root folder |- FolderB --> server B root folder |- FolderC --> server C root folder A setup like this, would mean that we can manage access credentials on the central FTP server, and team members would only need to have the access credentials to the central FTP server, and from there they could navigate to the other servers through these "virtual" folders. We could potentially develop our own custom FTP server that just forward requests to the remote FTP servers, but i feel like something like this (or something similar) would already have been done. So I'm looking for pointers that could help us find software for Windows that could help us to simplify our current setup. Thank you! Similar (unanswered) question here: FTP management server

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  • Apache server configuration name resolution (virtual host naming + security)

    - by Homunculus Reticulli
    I have just setup a minimal (hopefully secure? - comments welcome) apache website using the following configuration file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName foobar.com ServerAlias www.foobar.com ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /path/to/websites/foobar/web DirectoryIndex index.php # CustomLog with format nickname LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common CustomLog "|/usr/bin/cronolog /var/log/apache2/%Y%m.foobar.access.log" common LogLevel notice ErrorLog "|/usr/bin/cronolog /var/log/apache2/%Y%m.foobar.errors.log" <Directory /> AllowOverride None Order Deny,Allow Deny from all </Directory> <Directory /path/to/websites/> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> I am able to access the website by using www.foobar.com, however when I type foobar.com, I get the error 'Server not found' - why is this? My second question concerns the security implications of the directive: <Directory /path/to/websites/> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> in the configuration above. What exactly is it doing, and is it necessary?. From my (admitedly limited) understanding of Apache configuration files, this means that anyone will be able to access (write to?) the /path/to/websites/ folder. Is my understanding correct? - and if yes, how is this not a security risk?

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