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  • Validating signature trust with gpg?

    - by larsks
    We would like to use gpg signatures to verify some aspects of our system configuration management tools. Additionally, we would like to use a "trust" model where individual sysadmin keys are signed with a master signing key, and then our systems trust that master key (and use the "web of trust" to validate signatures by our sysadmins). This gives us a lot of flexibility, such as the ability to easily revoke the trust on a key when someone leaves, but we've run into a problem. While the gpg command will tell you if a key is untrusted, it doesn't appear to return an exit code indicating this fact. For example: # gpg -v < foo.asc Version: GnuPG v1.4.11 (GNU/Linux) gpg: armor header: gpg: original file name='' this is a test gpg: Signature made Fri 22 Jul 2011 11:34:02 AM EDT using RSA key ID ABCD00B0 gpg: using PGP trust model gpg: Good signature from "Testing Key <[email protected]>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: ABCD 1234 0527 9D0C 3C4A CAFE BABE DEAD BEEF 00B0 gpg: binary signature, digest algorithm SHA1 The part we care about is this: gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. The exit code returned by gpg in this case is 0, despite the trust failure: # echo $? 0 How do we get gpg to fail in the event that something is signed with an untrusted signature? I've seen some suggestions that the gpgv command will return a proper exit code, but unfortunately gpgv doesn't know how to fetch keys from keyservers. I guess we can parse the status output (using --status-fd) from gpg, but is there a better way?

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  • Uknown nginx Error Messages

    - by Sparsh Gupta
    Hello, I am getting some nginx errors as I can see them in my error.log which I am unable to understand. They look like: ERRORS: 2011/03/13 21:48:21 [crit] 14555#0: *323314343 open() "/usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp/0/95/0000000950" failed (13: Permission denied) while reading upstream, client: XX.XX.XX.XX, server: , request: "GET /abc.jpg 2 HTTP/1.0", upstream: "http://192.168.162.141:80/abc.jpg", host: "example.com", referrer: "http://domain.com" 2011/03/13 22:00:07 [crit] 14552#0: *324171134 open() "/usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp/1/95/0000000951" failed (13: Permission denied) while reading upstream, client: XX.XX.XX.XY, server: , request: "GET mno.png HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://192.168.162.141:80/mno.png", host: "example.com", referrer: "http://domain2.com" I also looked at these locations but found that there is no file by this name. root@li235-57:/var/log/nginx# /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp/1/ 00/ 01/ 02/ 03/ 04/ 05/ 06/ 07/ 08/ 09/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/ 15/ 16/ 17/ 18/ 19/ 20/ 21/ 22/ 23/ 24/ 25/ 26/ 27/ 28/ 29/ 30/ 31/ 32/ 33/ 34/ 35/ 36/ 37/ root@li235-57:/var/log/nginx# ls /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp/0/ 01/ 02/ 03/ 04/ 05/ 06/ 07/ 08/ 09/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/ 15/ 16/ 17/ 18/ 19/ 20/ 21/ 22/ 23/ 24/ 25/ 26/ 27/ 28/ 29/ 30/ 31/ 32/ 33/ 34/ 35/ 36/ 37/ Can someone help me whats going on / how can I debug this more and better fix this Thanks

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  • How does it hurt to use Linux (Ubuntu) as a guest OS for all my tasks?

    - by sauparna
    I have a machine running Windows, where the disk has two partitions C (50 GB) and D (250GB). I do research in Information Retrieval and need to work with a large corpus (more than 50 GB) and in Linux. So if I want to install Linux on the existing system, keeping the Windows installation intact, will it be fine to run it in a virtual box? (say, QEMU, VMWare, etc.) An alternative is using Wubi. In that case the Linux installation has to be on drive C. Then, if I keep a small Linux installation (say 5GB) on C, and my corpus on D (mounted in Linux), how will it affect the performance of my programs which would be accessing the mounted Windows drive D. Is it feasible to use Linux this way? Which of the above is better if at all they are a way out? Note : Since my post in July 2010, I have been using and have tried several ways of maintaining a disk-image that I can mount in Linux. I had a 100GB qcow2 disk and a 100GB raw disk, both formatted to an EXT3 file system. I was mounting and connecting to the qcow2 disk using qemu-nbd. The problem was that every now and then, the connection to the disk would get lost and the running programs would throw disk I/O errors. The raw disk would mount and work fine as a loop mounted device, but when writing data to it, the mount.ntfs program would hog the CPU and the process would take an enormous amount of time. I was in fact running make on a piece of software located on this raw disk, and after a point of time make was waiting while mount.ntfs would show 100% CPU usage.

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  • Install Linux Mint on PC without bootable CD

    - by crosenblum
    Unfortunately my PC's CD drive is not bootable; I have such a mixture of SATA and IDE drives, so until I have more money to redo my controller setup, I can't boot from any cd. Currently, I have a DVD burned with latest version of Linux Mint, and I have an USB drive with an old version of Mint. I have a partition ready to install Linx Mint into, but no idea how to install it, since I can only boot to my hard drive. I am totally unable to boot to CD, so that is definitely out. My main partition is WinXP Pro SP3. Is there software I can use to format my Linux partition, so that I can then just copy Mint over to that partition? Or is there a better way to install linux mint? I have to do it within Windows XP, since that's all that I can boot right now. I have considered Mint4Win, but that doesn't allow a full installation of Linux Mint. Any ideas?

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  • Setting up multiple servers for one domain

    - by Joseph Torraca
    So I am starting up a new website and I was wondering how to set up 5 servers to host the site. I have already purchased 5 Apple XServes, one will be used as a test server and the other 4 will be for the live site. So I have read some website on the internet and they all reference using one server and installing software onto it and have that server do the load balancing. I have also read that you could use a hardware, rack-mounted system and plug the servers into that. The load balancer would then distribute the load. So I have a few questions about each: 1) How do you set up the software version and have the other servers as "slaves" and have one "master" to direct traffic? 2) Which of the two options above are more reliable, and better suited for a startup that doesn't have many users per month, yet(hopefully)? 3) Is there a theoretical max limit of servers that can be connected to a software load balancing system? Note: Obviously this will change from software to software, but in terms of the server being able to handle it? 4) In your own opinion, what are you using for your sites? Have you had any problems setting up that system or operating it once its running? Are there any things you would stay away from if you had to start over? 5) I also purchased a Apple RAID system, so if you are familiar with it, is there any way to connect it to multiple Xserves so they all serve the same data? I'm a little confused on this, so thanks for all your help and being patient with me. Note: Take it easy on me, I am learning this as I go along, so I may have used terms incorrectly or explained things that don't really make sense. Sorry. P.S. If you need me to supply the specs on the servers to determine which system makes the most sense, I can post them for you.

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  • "chown mysql:mysql /data/tmp" command

    - by Mellon
    I am on a Linux ubuntu machine with MySQL installed. If there is a MySQL installation on a Ubuntu machine, I saw some people doing the following thing: sudo chown mysql:mysql /data/tmp I get confused, I know the meaning of the above command, which is to change the owner of /data/tmp to user 'mysql' and change the group of it to 'mysql' group. But (my questions): 1. Why would one run the above command? If I create a table in my_db database, by default, there will be .frm, .MYD, and .MYI files (data files) be created automatically by MySQL under /var/lib/mysql/my_db/ . So, does the above command changes the default MySQL data directory to /data/tmp/ instead of /var/lib/mysql/my_db/? Basically, I would like to know the purpose and effect of the above command. (better with examples) 2. Where does the 'mysql' owner and group come from? Does the installation of MySQL on a Linux machine automatically create the 'mysql' user and group? or People need to manually create a mysql account for the linux machine?

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  • mysql_tzinfo_to_sql missing on my system

    - by Sk1ppeR
    I ran into problem with timezones within MySQL. Long story short, my application is worldwide, and each database has it's own timezone set within the application (not the server) in the way of "Europe/Berlin", "Europe/Vienna", "America/Sao Paulo". Obviously this is unacceptable for MySQL at first per connection. I read that it handles data better if you use UTC offsets. Basically my goal is to log a field's alteration in another table using a trigger. For that I use UNIX_TIMESTAMP within the trigger. Although UNIX_TIMESTAMP() follows the global timezone for the server which obviously bothers me a lot :| So I went to search for a "per connection" solution to use inside the trigger and well I found that mysql_tzinfo_to_sql can actually import zone info (UTC offsets) from my linux's zoneinfo files. Although to my amuse, when I ran the commant I got the following: bash: mysql_tzinfo_to_sql: command not found So I'm looking for a solution to fix that. I don't want to "map" the timezone names into UTC offset just so I could use in the trigger. Is there an alternative tool? Or at least sources for this one in particular only? What kind of queries does this tool generates so I could do it manually then if there is no alternative tool. Thanks in advance on any help on the issue! P.S: The OS is Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 and the MySQL server is the one from aptitude with performance tweaks with my.cnf

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  • To clone or to automate a system installation?

    - by Shtééf
    Let's say you're setting up a cluster of servers performing the same task. Or say you're just setting up a bunch of different servers, but you expect to use a base configuration on all of your servers. Would it be better practice to create a base image and clone it, or to automate the installation and configuration? I occasionally end up in this argument with my boss, in situations where we're time-pressed. When he sees me struggle with perfecting the automation, his suggestion is often to clone the entire disk to the other machines. But my instinct has always been to avoid cloning. This is mostly from an Ubuntu perspective, but the question is fairly general. My reasons for avoiding cloning are: On a typical install, even if it's fresh, there are already several unique identifiers installed: filesystem UUIDs, SSH host keys, among others. These would have to be regenerated. Network needs to be reconfigured for each clone. This would need to be done off-line, of course, or the settings will conflict with other machines on the network. On the other hand, some of the cloning advantages are quite clear as well: (Initially?) less effort required than automating configuration. Tools exist to quickly address (some) of the above disadvantages. (I can see right through my own bias there.)

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  • Outbound HTTP performance tuning recommendations

    - by Richard Gadsden
    I'll detail my exact setup below, but general recommendations for a better web-browsing experience will be useful. A nice checklist of things to try would be great! I have 600 users on a single site with an 8MB leased line. I get a lot of moans about the performance of "the internet" (ie web-browsing). What recommendations do the community have for speeding things up without just throwing more bandwidth at it? I expect I will end up buying some more, but good management tips are always valuable. My setup is this: Cisco PIX (515E) firewall on the edge of the network. It's just doing some basic NAT, and opening up a handful of ports to various bastion hosts (aka DMZ servers). The DMZ is just a switch that the servers are plugged into. ISA 2006 Enterprise array (two servers) connecting DMZ to the internal LAN, with WebSense Web Security filtering HTTP traffic so users can't look at porn or waste bandwidth on YouTube during working hours. I've done a few things - I've just switched my internal DNS over to use root hints, which halved DNS query latency from 500ms to 250ms. Well worth doing. I'm trying to cache more aggressively, but so much more of the internet is AJAXy and doesn't cache very well as compared to five years ago. Plus the 70GB of cache which felt like a lot a few years ago really isn't any more. I'm getting about 45% cache hits by number of requests, but only about 22% by size, ie larger objects are less likely to be cached. Latency seems to be part of the problem. Is that attributable to the bandwidth problem, or are there things I can look at to try to reduce latency even on heavily-loaded bandwidth?

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  • Our application is responding different on client server

    - by WtFudgE
    I have an application running on our local server and it works perfect. However when I deploy my application to our client's server there are problems. If i copy all the sources to another local from their server, it works fine again.... I am talking about an ASP.NET application talking with windows server 2008. The server specs of our client are: intel Xeon 2.13 GHz 6 GB RAM 300 GB HDD windows server 2008 R2 Although I think it's not that important I will describe the problems I am talking about to give u a better idea: It is related to upating and deleting fields in the sql server. Whenever there is more than one user running the application, and updates or deletes (not even the same record!0, there seems to be fields updating/deleting wrongly. But as I said before, if we copy the source to another server it is not the case. So I assumed it is more configuration related. Do you guys have any idea what the issue could be? Thanks a lot EDIT: my client old me he disabled the sql related accounts Could this be related?

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  • Contacts Issue: Google Contacts, Nokia 5800 And Outlook, Sync and Images

    - by josecortesp
    Hello everyone, this is a multi-question, so please, feel free to answer just one or all of them. My actual situation is: Google contacts sync with Nokia 5800 using MFE(google sync), using google's fake "exchange server". Outlook sync with google using GoContact Sync software (http://www.webgear.co.nz/Products/GOContactSync.aspx). What I want, a easy(or not) way to correctly sync the three of them, even if I have to change some of my "escenario". I know outlook<-google contacts sync is not good yet, but if someone can suggest me some better SW than GoContact Sync. It'll be good. What I really want is to sync a least name, phone, email and image. Then, is there a way to get all my google contacts to by default use their own google image? I noted that, usually i have to manually choose it, and sometimes it doesn't work. I'll like to use something or someone's service to do this automatically. I have tried some services like Soocial, but it gives me a lot of trouble after the first sync, because soccial can ONLY get ALL your contacts, not just "My Contacts"; and also it gives me like 100 bad contacts in outlook because of their beta client. The final goal of all of this is to Get only "My Contacts" from google in Outlook and in the 5800 with their images Get ALL my contacts with their default image, meaning, the contact's personal image Get a solution to correctly sync the three of them, using Google's as the base for the rest of them. Thanks in advance. Again, feel free to sugest me solutions to just one or all them.

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  • Can a wifi AP act as a client, and a server at the same time?

    - by nbolton
    I feel this is SF worthy (as opposed to SU) as I go into a bit of detail on gateways/routing. Here's my ideal setup (if possible) -- there is a wifi network (lets call it bob's) with which I want access to, but I have a few other computers on my network which I want to keep behind a firewall. So I was thinking of buying a wireless access point so that I could set it up to connect to bob's network from the AP, and then from my server, connect to the AP via ethernet. So that's the first bit. Second part is that I want to have my own private wifi network off the back of this; can I then tell the AP to serve a new network called foobar. When I say private network, I mean that my server is actually a Debian linux install with routing configured (and I also do some QoS stuff on, etc). So ideally, I'd like all the clients on the private network to be behind the server in terms of routing. However, if the private clients connect to the server via wifi, then aren't they exposed to the "public" network? That is, if someone is savvy enough to scan for my IP range. Also, to do routing I'd need to connect two ethernet cables between the server and the AP (because you can't do routing/QoS on virtual devices) -- which isn't a problem really; but I'm not sure whether the AP will allow me to separate the public and private LANs. Or, as well as the AP, am I better getting a wifi-to-ethernet adapter for the server? I could use a wifi usb, but this can be tricky to set up on headless linux; plus the signal strength is a bit lousy. If this question is a bit vague/spurious in places, please comment and I will explain in more detail.

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  • How to back up non-standard directories in my user profile with Windows Backup?

    - by James Johnston
    I'm using Windows Backup to back up my Win7 Pro laptop. I'd like to use it to back up my complete user profile, but I only see standard profile directories (e.g. C:\Users\JohnstonJ\Documents) in the list. Non-standard ones aren't there (e.g. C:\Users\JohnstonJ\MyCustomDirectory). What's the best way to handle this? The only thing I can think of is to browse under the "Computer" entry and navigate directly to C:\Users\JohnstonJ and check off the entire profile (to get what's in there, and any new directories that come up). But is that going to back up the profile twice? Cause other unforeseen problems given that I checked it off by navigating through the computer, rather than picking it under the "Data Files" category? (e.g. back up temporary file garbage, files in use problems, etc. that the "Data Files" category might be handling better). Looking for solutions that other people use that are known to work well and still uses the Windows Backup software - I don't really want to fuss with 3rd-party backup software. Example - as you can see, I have two directories in my profile that Windows Backup is not offering to back up: "Dropbox" and "New folder": (Link to images album because I don't have enough reputation to directly embed them: http://imgur.com/a/Xyv5u)

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  • Setting up Apache 2.2 + FastCGI + SuExec + PHP-FPM on Centos 6

    - by mr1031011
    I'm trying to follow this very detailed instruction here, I simply changed from www-data user to apache user, and is using /var/www/hosts/sitename/public_html instead of /home/user/public_html However, I spent the whole day trying to figure out why the php file content is displayed without being parsed correctly. I just cant's seem to figure this out. Below is my current config: /etc/httpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf User apache Group apache LoadModule fastcgi_module modules/mod_fastcgi.so # dir for IPC socket files FastCgiIpcDir /var/run/mod_fastcgi # wrap all fastcgi script calls in suexec FastCgiWrapper On # global FastCgiConfig can be overridden by FastCgiServer options in vhost config FastCgiConfig -idle-timeout 20 -maxClassProcesses 1 # sample PHP config # see /usr/share/doc/mod_fastcgi-2.4.6 for php-wrapper script # don't forget to disable mod_php in /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf! # # to enable privilege separation, add a "SuexecUserGroup" directive # and chown the php-wrapper script and parent directory accordingly # see also http://www.brandonturner.net/blog/2009/07/fastcgi_with_php_opcode_cache/ # FastCgiServer /var/www/www-data/php5-fcgi #AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddHandler php-fcgi .php Action php-fcgi /fcgi-bin/php5-fcgi Alias /fcgi-bin/ /var/www/www-data/ #FastCgiExternalServer /usr/lib/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi -socket /tmp/php5-fpm.sock -pass-header Authorization #DirectoryIndex index.php # <Location /fcgi-bin/> # Order Deny,Allow # Deny from All # Allow from env=REDIRECT_STATUS SetHandler fcgid-script Options +ExecCGI </Location> /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf <VirtualHost> DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.shtml index.cgi SuexecUserGroup www.mysite.com mygroup Alias /fcgi-bin/ /var/www/www-data/www.mysite.com/ DocumentRoot /var/www/hosts/mysite.com/w/w/w/www/ <Directory /var/www/hosts/mysite.com/w/w/w/www/> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> PS: 1. Also, with PHP5.5, do I even need FPM or is it already included? 2. I'm using mod_fastcgi, not sure if this is the problem and it I should switch to mod_fcgid? There seems to be conflicting records on the internet considering which one is better. I have many virtual hosts running on the machine and hope to be able to provide each user with their own opcache

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  • Help building maya render node spec

    - by Ak
    Hi there, I'm looking to build 4x Maya render slaves/nodes for a friend of mine when his project gets green lit. The project involves MentalRay and lots of glass. I'm unsure if the new i7's 9xx or 8xx with hyper threading will do any better than a core 2 quad of the same (or close enough) speed. Does hyper threading make a difference to Maya or is it more performance per core based? I'm sure he's prefer I'd build another render node than pay for a bleeding edge CPU that only adds fractionly more GHz. -- The rest of the spec so far: 4Gb - 8Gb ram 64 bit OS: Probably Windows 7 (I know Linux is free, but want to build something my friend can support himself as easily as he supports his own workstation) 1TB HDD to hold textures, Maya files and renders which will be copied to central storage later Mobo with on-board video, gigabit NIC 500 - 650 watt PSU Desktop case something like a: Cooler Master ATCS 840 The machines will sold afterwards if necessary. -- If anyone has had experience in Maya and has done any tests with the new CPUs vs. the older ones I'd really appreciate your input.

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  • wget mirroring, subdomains and directories and cookies

    - by Jimmu
    Hi all, I have an account on a web page that is now "full" (ie I have used up all my allocated space) and I would like to make a mirror of that site. wget seems like the thing to use. The problem is that I would only like to mirror the sites the lie within this directory http://user.domain.com/room/2324343/transcript/ (and sub-directories). Whilst saving the correct stylesheets, javascripts and css etc which exist in different directories. There as also uploaded files that are linked to within the pages in the transcript directory (on different directories) that I would like to download/mirror (theses are in a variatey of formats .exe, .py, .png, .app (and many more)). There are also images that are on different severs that are on these pages. Also I would like it if the links (which are sometimes relative , sometimes absoulute (but to internal things), sometimes external ) worked correctly so that if they link to things that have been downloaded(mirrored) they work fine (without internet connection), but if they link to things that are external or havent been mirrored they link to the external site. Basically so they work as expected. Another problem is that you have to log in to acess the site. Can wget be used to acomplish this or is there a better way? either way how do I achive this? (I have asked this question at stackoverflow.com/questions/2190115/wget-mirroring-subdomains-and-directories-and-cookies but it was recommended that I try asking it here)

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  • Localhost problems on Mac OS X 10.7

    - by Maya
    Sorry for the duplicate post ( http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9720871/localhost-problems-on-mac-os-x-10-7 ), but I got the advice that this is a better place to ask my question: I want to access a mysql server remotely over ssh. So I used port forwarding to access the remote 3306 port on my localhost as 8383. The ssh connection can established successfully. But when I want to telnet onto port 8383 on localhost I get the following error: ~: telnet 127.0.0.1 8383 Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: connect to address 127.0.0.1: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host I tried the same on a friends Laptop (also Mac OS X 10.7) and it worked fine, so it is very unlikely that the ssh connection is the problem. I assume it has something to do with my local network configuration. I turned off IPv6, just in case. My /etc/hosts looks like this: 127.0.0.1 localhost 255.255.255.255 broadcasthost ::1 localhost fe80::1%lo0 localhost I would greatly appreciate any help. Please point me in the right direction if this is not the right place to ask this question.

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  • Virtualbox HTTP load testing, host CPU overload issues

    - by aschuler
    I'm doing HTTP load testing benchmarks (using Apache Benchmark and Siege) on a small Java EE 1.7.0 / Tomcat 7.0.26 application running on a Debian Squeeze 6.0.4 x64 virtualized with Virtualbox 4.1.8. The computer host is Ubuntu 11.10 x64. I've modified those parameters in the Tomcat server.xml : <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="200000" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="2000" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="50" /> The application executed on the server takes around 300ms. This app is running well until a certain amount of concurrent connections like those one : ab -n 500 -c 150 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080/myapp/ ab -n 1000 -c 50 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080/myapp/ siege -b -c 100 -r 20 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080/myapp/ A lot of socket connection timed out happens and this completly overload the host processor (but the CPU load inside the VM is normal). Doing an htop on the host, i can see that the Virtualbox processus is running under 300% CPU and never come down even after the load test is finished. (I've allocated 4 processors to the VM, if I allocate only one processor, CPU load goes under 100%). Restarting Tomcat don't do anything, i'm forced to restart the whole VM. I've tryed to launch those ab/siege commands locally on the VM and everything goes well. I first thought it was related to a linux network limit as explained here: Running some benchmarks using ab, and tomcat starts to really slow down So I've modified those TCP parameters : echo 15 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout echo 30 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse It seems to be better, but it continues to overload the host CPU and output socket connections time out at a certain amount of concurrent connections. I'm wondering if this is not related to how Virtualbox handles external concurrent connections.

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  • Pure-FTPD accounts and permissions for websites

    - by EddyR
    I'm having trouble setting up the appropriate Pure-FTPD accounts and permissions - I have the following sites setup up on my Debian server. /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 /var/www/wordpress The permissions are 775 for folders and 664 for files. The owner is currently admin:ftpgroup Wordpress also requires special permissions for file uploads in /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/uploads What I need is: a general admin group with access to /var/www a group for each site (site1, site2, wordpress) and a group or user, not www-data (?), with permissions to write files to the wordpress upload folder I ask because restrictions on linux groups (can't have groups in groups) makes it a little bit confusing and also because many of the tutorial sites have conflicting information like, some recommend the use of www-data and some don't. Also, I'm not sure if I understand how Pure-FTP is supposed to work exactly. I create a Pure-FTPD account and assign it a directory (/var/www) and a system user (ftpuser) and group (ftpgroup): Can I assign more than 1 path? For example, if a user requires access to 2 sites. Is it better to assign ftpgroup to all ftp locations and let Pure-FTPD manage account access? Why would anyone have more than 1 ftpuser or ftpgroup? (Doesn't it mean users have access to everyone else's files if they could get there?) Sorry for so many questions at once. I've been reading lots of tutorials but I think they've ended up making me more confused!

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  • IIS6 Multiple SSL websites to a single HTTP website?

    - by docflabby
    Running a IIS6 server on Windows 2003. All the websites use ASP.NET I have a number of websites all running separate HTTP websites: www.domain1.com www.domain2.com www.domain3.com I have a separate HTTPS website www.secure.com These websites are all running on the same server. I now wish to intergrate the content of www.secure.com into each of the domains in a transparent way. Such that each website despite having its own SSL connection displays the same website. The complicatrion is www.secure.com needs to know which website the connection has come from to apply the appropriate branding. The idea behind this is to have only one website, and location, but it keeps the core website brand. https://domain1.com looks alot better from a marketing point of view (and avoids users getting confused about what our secure website is) SSL www.domain1.com/secure - displays www.secure.com (branded domain1) SSL www.domain2.com/secure - displays www.secure.com (branded domain2) SSL www.domain3.com/secure - displays www.secure.com (branded domain3) How would the best way of achieving this, i'm open to using additional software if necessery. Would a reverse proxy be sutible for this situation?

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  • Mounting Replicated Gluster Multi-AZ Storage

    - by Roman Newaza
    I have Replicated Gluster Storage which is used by Auto scaling Servers. Both, Auto scaling and Storage are allocated in two Availability zones. Gluster: Number of Bricks: 4 x 2 = 8 Transport-type: tcp Bricks: Brick1: gluster01:/storage/1a # Zone A Brick2: gluster02:/storage/1b # Zone B Brick3: gluster03:/storage/2a # Zone A Brick4: gluster04:/storage/2b # Zone B Brick5: gluster01:/storage/3a # Zone A Brick6: gluster02:/storage/3b # Zone B Brick7: gluster03:/storage/4a # Zone A Brick8: gluster04:/storage/4b # Zone B I used Round Robin DNS for Gluster entry point, so DNS name resolves to all of the storage server addresses which are returned in different order all the time: # host storage.domain.com storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x1 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x2 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x3 storage.domain.com has address xx.xx.xx.x4 The Storage is mounted with Native Gluster Client: # grep storage /etc/fstab storage.domain.com:/storage /storage glusterfs defaults,log-level=WARNING,log-file=/var/log/gluster.log 0 0 I have heard Gluster might be mounted with the first Server IP and after that it will fetch its configuration with the rest of Servers. Personally, I never tested single Server mount setup and I don't know how Gluster handles this. On EC2, traffic among single Availability zone is free and between different zones is not. When Client in zone A writes to storage and IP of Storage in zone B is returned, it will cost me twice more for data transfer: Client (Zone A) - Storage Server (Zone B) - Replication to Storage Server (Zone A). Question: Would it be better to mount Storage Server of the same zone, so that data transfer charges apply only for replication (A - A - B)?

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  • Hard Disk DRDY error: is it a crash

    - by pranjal
    I am using IBM Thinkpad, 1.7GHz, 512 RAM with Linux Mint 9 installed. I have two partitions in addition to root. One of the partitions became read-only yesterday, after which I rebooted my system. It is extremely slow along with DRDY Error : Is my Hard disk crashed ? Error Log while booting. Differences between boot sector and its backup. failed command : READ DMA BMDMA : stat 0X25 ata 1.00 : status : { DRDY ERR } ata 1.00 : status :{ UNC } Buffer I/O error on logical device, logical block 65467 smartctl output for the partition: mint mint # smartctl -a /dev/sda1 smartctl version 5.38 [i686-pc-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: TOSHIBA MK4026GAX RoHS Serial Number: X5LY1623T Firmware Version: PA107E User Capacity: 40,007,761,920 bytes Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 6 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Thu Feb 17 06:48:25 2011 UTC SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x84) Offline data collection activity was suspended by an interrupting command from host. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: ( 153) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x1b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. No General Purpose Logging support. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 30) minutes. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0 2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 310 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3968 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 40 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0 8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 082 082 000 Old_age Always - 7257 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 179 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3484 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 489 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 064 064 000 Old_age Always - 367150 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 36 (Lifetime Min/Max 14/57) 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 33 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 82 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 1 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 253 000 Old_age Always - 0 220 Disk_Shift 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 101 222 Loaded_Hours 0x0032 085 085 000 Old_age Always - 6146 223 Load_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 224 Load_Friction 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 226 Load-in_Time 0x0026 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 227 240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0001 100 100 001 Pre-fail Offline - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 ATA Error Count: 2371 (device log contains only the most recent five errors) CR = Command Register [HEX] FR = Features Register [HEX] SC = Sector Count Register [HEX] SN = Sector Number Register [HEX] CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX] CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX] DH = Device/Head Register [HEX] DC = Device Command Register [HEX] ER = Error register [HEX] ST = Status register [HEX] Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes, SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days. Error 2371 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7256 hours (302 days + 8 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 05 1a 1b 00 e0 Error: UNC 5 sectors at LBA = 0x00001b1a = 6938 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 05 1a 1b 00 e0 00 00:03:10.061 READ DMA f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:03:10.061 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 02 00:03:10.053 IDENTIFY DEVICE ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 02 00:03:10.053 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:03:10.053 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS Error 2370 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7256 hours (302 days + 8 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 05 1a 1b 00 e0 Error: UNC 5 sectors at LBA = 0x00001b1a = 6938 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 05 1a 1b 00 e0 00 00:03:03.328 READ DMA f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:03:03.327 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 02 00:03:03.320 IDENTIFY DEVICE ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 02 00:03:03.319 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:03:03.319 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS Error 2369 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7256 hours (302 days + 8 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 05 1a 1b 00 e0 Error: UNC 5 sectors at LBA = 0x00001b1a = 6938 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 05 1a 1b 00 e0 00 00:02:56.582 READ DMA f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:56.582 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 02 00:02:56.574 IDENTIFY DEVICE ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 02 00:02:56.574 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:56.574 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS Error 2368 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7256 hours (302 days + 8 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 05 1a 1b 00 e0 Error: UNC 5 sectors at LBA = 0x00001b1a = 6938 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 05 1a 1b 00 e0 00 00:02:49.809 READ DMA f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:49.809 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 02 00:02:49.801 IDENTIFY DEVICE ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 02 00:02:49.801 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:49.801 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS Error 2367 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7256 hours (302 days + 8 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 05 1a 1b 00 e0 Error: UNC 5 sectors at LBA = 0x00001b1a = 6938 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- c8 00 05 1a 1b 00 e0 00 00:02:43.056 READ DMA f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:43.056 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 02 00:02:43.048 IDENTIFY DEVICE ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 02 00:02:43.048 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] f8 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:43.047 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t] Device does not support Selective Self Tests/Logging Do I need to get a new Hard Disk my PC ?

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  • MySQL tmpdir on /dev/shm with SELinux

    - by smorfnip
    On RHEL5, I have a small MySQL database that has to write temp files. To speed up this process, I would like to move the temporary directory to /dev/shm by putting the following line into my.cnf: tmpdir=/dev/shm/mysqltmp I can create /dev/shm/mysqltmp just fine and do chown mysql:mysql /dev/shm/mysqltmp chcon --reference /tmp/ /dev/shm/mysqltmp I've tried to make SELinux happy by applying the same settings that are in effect for /tmp/ (and /var/tmp/), which is presumably where MySQL is writing its tmp files if tmpdir is undefined. The problem is that SELinux complains about MySQL having access to that directory. I get the following in /var/log/messages: SELinux is preventing mysqld (mysqld_t) "getattr" to /dev/shm (tmpfs_t). SELinux is a hard mistress. Details: Source Context root:system_r:mysqld_t Target Context system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t Target Objects /dev/shm [ dir ] Source mysqld Source Path /usr/libexec/mysqld Port <Unknown> Host db.example.com Source RPM Packages mysql-server-5.0.77-3.el5 Target RPM Packages Policy RPM selinux-policy-2.4.6-255.el5_4.1 Selinux Enabled True Policy Type targeted MLS Enabled True Enforcing Mode Enforcing Plugin Name catchall_file Host Name db.example.com Platform Linux db.example.com 2.6.18-164.2.1.el5 #1 SMP Mon Sep 21 04:37:42 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 Alert Count 46 First Seen Wed Nov 4 14:23:48 2009 Last Seen Thu Nov 5 09:46:00 2009 Local ID e746d880-18f6-43c1-b522-a8c0508a1775 ls -lZ /dev/shm shows drwxrwxr-x mysql mysql system_u:object_r:tmp_t mysqltmp and permissions for /dev/shm itself are drwxrwxrwt root root system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t shm I've also tried chcon -R -t mysqld_t /dev/shm/mysqltmp and setting the group on /dev/shm to mysql with no better results. Shouldn't it be enough to tell SELinux, hey, this is a temp directory just like MySQL was using before? Short of turning off SELinux, how do I make this work? Do I need to edit SELinux policy files?

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  • When using procmail with maildir, it returns error with code I found

    - by bradlis7
    I'm not an expert at procmail, but I have this code: DROPPRIVS=yes DEFAULT=$HOME/Maildir/ :0 * ? /usr/bin/test -d $DEFAULT || /bin/mkdir $DEFAULT { } :0 E { # Bail out if directory could not be created EXITCODE=127 HOST=bail.out } MAILDIR=$HOME/Maildir/ But, when the directory already exists, sometimes it will send a return email with this error: 554 5.3.0 unknown mailer error 127. The email still gets delivered, mind you, but it sends back an error code. I fixed this temporarily by commenting out the EXITCODE and HOST lines, but I'd like to know if there is a better solution. I found this block of code in multiple places across the net, but couldn't really find why this error was coming back to me. It seems to happen when I send an email to a local user, sometimes the user has a .forward file to send it on to other users, sometimes not, but the result has been the same. I also tried removing DROPPRIVS, just in case it was messing up the forwarding, but it did not seem to affect it. Is the line starting with * ? /usr/bin/test a problem? The * signifies a regex, but the ? makes it return an integer value, correct? What is the integer being matched against? Or is it just comparing the integer return value? Thanks for the help.

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  • High mysql server load, sar output

    - by eric
    I have a MySQL Server that should be performing better than it seems to be. We're running ubuntu on a Amazon Cluster Compute (cc1.4xlarge) Linux ip-10-0-1-60 3.2.0-25-virtual #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 23 22:20:17 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise I have several output files from sar that i'm not really sure how to interpret. For example, I ran: # Individual block device I/O activities sar -d 1 180 > logs/block_device_io.log & which gave me what looks like really high utilisation of my disk (turns out this block device maps to /dev/xvdh on /var/lib/mysql type ext4 (rw,_netdev) The output from my log: 10:48:59 PM DEV tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 10:49:00 PM dev202-16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev8-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-112 1008.00 31040.00 1416.00 32.20 1.02 1.01 0.89 90.00 10:49:00 PM dev202-80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Am I wrong in thinking this is a problem? I have it above 90% almost the entire time we're seeing slowness. Or does this just mean MySQL is doing what it's supposed to do?

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