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  • Recursion function not working properly

    - by jakecar
    I'm having quite a hard time figuring out what's going wrong here: class iterate(): def init(self): self.length=1 def iterated(self, n): if n==1: return self.length elif n%2==0: self.length+=1 self.iterated(n/2) elif n!=1: self.length+=1 self.iterated(3*n+1) For example, x=iterate() x.iterated(5) outputs None. It should output 6 because the length would look like this: 5 -- 16 -- 8 -- 4 -- 2 -- 1 After doing some debugging, I see that the self.length is returned properly but something goes wrong in the recursion. I'm not really sure. Thanks for any help.

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  • How to read line after finding a pattern?

    - by Jonathan Low
    i've got a "CHANNEL(SYSTEM.DEF.SVRCONN) CHLTYPE(SVRCONN)" "id=3" what i want to do is to retrieve the id after i do a search on the file and found the first line. open (CHECKFILE8, "$file"); while (<CHECKFILE8>) #while loop to loop through each line in the file { chomp; #take out each line by line $datavalue = $_; #store into var , $datavalue. $datavalue =~ s/^\s+//; #Remove multiple spaces and change to 1 space from the front $datavalue =~ s/\s+$//; #Remove multiple spaces and change to 1 space from the back $datavalue =~ s/[ \t]+/ /g; #remove multiple "tabs" and replace with 1 space if($datavalue eq "CHANNEL(SYSTEM.DEF.SVRCONN) CHLTYPE(SVRCONN)") { // HOW TO READ THE NEXT LINE? } } } close(CHECKFILE8); } Thanks

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  • Display values and how many times they occured using a Dictionary

    - by user1730056
    I've been told to By using a dictionary (or your solution to Part 4), write a method at_least(a, n) that takes a list, a, and an integer, n, as arguments and returns a list containing only the elements of a that occur at least n times. For complete marks, the list should contain the elements in order of their first occurrence in a. I was able to figure this without using a dictionary, with def at_least2(a, n): return [x for x in a if a.count(x) is n] I was wondering how I can write this using a dictionary? The input is: a = [-6, 8, 7, 3, 2, -9, 1, -3, 2, -4, 4, -8, 7, 8, 2, -2, -7, 0, 1, -9, -3, -7, -3, -5, 6, -3, 6, -3, -10, -8] def at_least(a, 2): and the output: [8, 7, 2, -9, 1, -3, 2, -8, 7, 8, 2, -7, 1, -9, -3, -7, -3, 6, -3, 6, -3, -8] Edit: I don't understand how a dictionary is being used, yet the output isn't in dictionary form? My understanding is that dictionaries have values for each object. I'm not sure if I'm using the right terms.

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  • get the list and input from one function and run them in different function

    - by rookie
    i have a programm that generate the list and then i ask them to tell me what they want to do from the menu and this is where my problem start i was able to get the input form the user to different function but when i try to use the if else condition it doesn't check, below are my code def menu(x,l): print (x) if x == 1: return make_table(l) if x == 2: y= input("enter a row (as a number) or a column (as an uppercase letter") if y in [ "1",'2','3']: print("Minmum is:",minimum(y,l)) if x== 3: print ('bye') def main(): bad_filename = True l =[] while bad_filename == True: try: filename = input("Enter the filename: ") fp = open(filename, "r") for f_line in fp: f_str=f_line.strip() f_str=f_str.split(',') for unit_str in f_str: unit=float(unit_str) l.append(unit) bad_filename = False except IOError: print("Error: The file was not found: ", filename) #print(l) condition=True while condition==True: print('1- open\n','2- maximum') x=input("Enter the choice") menu(x,l) main() from the bottom function i can get list and i can get the user input and i can get the data and move it in second function but it wont work after that.thank you

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  • is counter has certain value inside a class in python

    - by mazlor
    i am learning classes in python and when i was reading the documentation i found this example that i didn't understand : class MyClass: """A simple example class""" def __init__(self): self.data = [] i = 12345 def f(self): return 'hello world' then if we assign : x = MyClass() x.counter = 1 now if we implement while loop : while x.counter < 10: x.counter = x.counter * 2 so the value of x.counter will be : 16 while for example if we have a variable y : y = 1 while y < 1 : y = y *2 then if we look for the value of y we find it 1 so i don't know how is the value of counter became 16 . thanks

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  • Partially flattening a list

    - by alj
    This is probably a really silly question but, given the example code at the bottom, how would I get a single list that retain the tuples? (I've looked at the itertools but it flattens everything) What I currently get is: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') [('focus', 30, 'text'), ('fiesta', 30, 'text'), ('mondeo', 30, 'text'), ('puma', 30, 'text')] ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') what I would like is a single level list like: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') ('focus', 30, 'text') ('fiesta', 30, 'text') ('mondeo', 30, 'text') ('puma', 30, 'text') ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') def getproducts(): temp_list=[] product_list=['focus','fiesta','mondeo','puma'] #usually this would come from a db for p in product_list: temp_list.append((p,30,'text')) return temp_list def createlist(): column_title_list = ( ("id",20,"integer"), ("companyname",50,"text"), getproducts(), ("contact",50,"text"), ("email",50,"text"), ) return column_title_list for item in createlist(): print item Thanks ALJ

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  • before_filter not inheriting from parent controller correctly?

    - by Scott
    Sorry if this may be a stupid question but I'm unable get my filters to inherit the way the Rails 3 documentation is saying it should. Specifically I have an Admin controller that was generated via: rails generate controller admin I added only a single action to the admin controller, the before filter & the private filter method class AdminController < ApplicationController before_filter require_admin_creds def index end private def require_admin_creds unless current_user && current_user.admin? flash[:error] = ... redirect_to .... end end end I next then created my nested resources under the admin section with: rails generate scaffold admin/model While my admin index is indeed getting the filter, the admin/model index (or any other actions) are not. What is happening under the hood here that I must have excluded? Thanks in advance.

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  • how to exit recursive math formula and still get an answer

    - by calccrypto
    i wrote this python code, which from wolfram alpha says that its supposed to return the factorial of any positive value (i probably messed up somewhere), integer or not: from math import * def double_factorial(n): if int(n) == n: n = int(n) if [0,1].__contains__(n): return 1 a = (n&1) + 2 b = 1 while a<=n: b*=a a+= 2 return float(b) else: return factorials(n/2) * 2**(n/2) *(pi/2)**(.25 *(-1+cos(n * pi))) def factorials(n): return pi**(.5 * sin(n*pi)**2) * 2**(-n + .25 * (-1 + cos(2*n*pi))) * double_factorial(2*n) the problem is , say i input pi to 6 decimal places. 2*n will not become a float with 0 as its decimals any time soon, so the equation turns out to be pi**(.5 * sin(n*pi)**2) * 2**(-n + .25 * (-1 + cos(2*n*pi))) * double_factorial(loop(loop(loop(...))))) how would i stop the recursion and still get the answer? ive had suggestions to add an index to the definitions or something, but the problem is, if the code stops when it reaches an index, there is still no answer to put back into the previous "nests" or whatever you call them

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  • Wait until a webpage finished loading to load the next one in a list

    - by envy
    Hi! I'm using PyQT webView to visit some webpages I have stored on a dictionary the code is something like this: def loadLink(self, url): manager = QNetworkAccessManager() request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(url)) self.ui.webView.load(QUrl(visitar)) def readUnreadLinks(self): print "Links to read: " + str(len(self.unreadLinks)) for link in self.unreadLinks: print "link-> " + str(link) self.loadLink(link) the problem is it doesn't wait until finished loading the web page and starts loading the next one. I want to load a webpage, wait until it finished loading and then load the next one. Thanks, this is driving me crazy :)

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  • super(type,subclass) in simple singleton implementation

    - by Tianchen Wu
    when I was implementing naive singleton in python, I came up with a problem with super key word. As usual the behavior of super is always tricky and buggy, hope someone can shed light on it. Thanks :) The problem is that: class Singleton(object): def __new__(cls,*args,**kw): if not hasattr(cls,'_instance'): #create a instance of type cls, origin=super(Singleton,Singleton).__new__(cls,*args,**kw) cls._instance=origin return cls._instance class B(Singleton): def __init__(self,b): self.b=b It actually works, but I am wondering Will it be better if I change line 5 to the below, like in most of the books? origin=super(Singleton,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**ks) what's the difference to make?

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  • testing existing attribute of a @classmethod function, yields AttributeError

    - by alex
    i have a function which is a class method, and i want to test a attribute of the class which may or may not be None, but will exist always. class classA(): def __init__(self, var1, var2 = None): self.attribute1 = var1 self.attribute2 = var2 @classmethod def func(self,x): if self.attribute2 is None: do something i get the error AttributeError: class classA has no attribute 'attributeB' when i access the attribute like i showed but if on command line i can see it works, x = classA() x.attributeB is None True so the test works. if i remove the @classmethod decorator from func, the problem disapears. if i leave the @classmethod decorator, it only seems to affect variables which are supplied default values in the super-class's constructor. whats going on in the above code?

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  • Why isn't the eigenclass equivalent to self.class, when it looks so similar?

    - by The Wicked Flea
    I've missed the memo somewhere, and I hope you'll explain this to me. Why is the eigenclass of an object different from self.class? class Foo def initialize(symbol) eigenclass = class << self self end eigenclass.class_eval do attr_accessor symbol end end end My train of logic that equates the eigenclass with class.self is rather simple: class << self is a way of declaring class methods, rather than instance methods. It's a shortcut to def Foo.bar. So within the reference to the class object, returning self should be identical to self.class. This is because class << self would set self to Foo.class for definition of class methods/attributes. Am I just confused? Or, is this a sneaky trick of Ruby meta-programming?

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  • Programmatic binding of accelerators in wxPython

    - by Inductiveload
    I am trying to programmatically create and bind a table of accelerators in wxPython in a loop so that I don't need to worry about getting and assigning new IDs to each accelerators (and with a view to inhaling the handler list from some external resource, rather than hard-coding them). I also pass in some arguments to the handler via a lambda since a lot of my handlers will be the same but with different parameters (move, zoom, etc). The class is subclassed from wx.Frame and setup_accelerators() is called during initialisation. def setup_accelerators(self): bindings = [ (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_UP, self.on_move, 'up'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_DOWN, self.on_move, 'down'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_LEFT, self.on_move, 'left'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_RIGHT, self.on_move, 'right'), ] accelEntries = [] for binding in bindings: eventId = wx.NewId() accelEntries.append( (binding[0], binding[1], eventId) ) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, lambda event: binding[2](event, binding[3]), id=eventId) accelTable = wx.AcceleratorTable(accelEntries) self.SetAcceleratorTable(accelTable) def on_move(self, e, direction): print direction However, this appears to bind all the accelerators to the last entry, so that Ctrl+Up prints "right", as do all the other three. How to correctly bind multiple handlers in this way?

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  • Typeclass instances for unnamed types in Scala

    - by ncreep
    How would one encode the following constraint in Scala (pseudocode)? def foo(x: T forSome { type T has a Numeric[T] instance in scope }) = { val n= implicitly[...] // obtain the Numeric instance for x n.negate(x) // and use it with x } In words: I need a type class instance for my input argument, but I don't care about the argument's type, I just need to obtain the instance and use it on my argument. It doesn't have to be an existential type, but I need to avoid type parameters in the def's signature. Thanks.

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  • can't save form content to database, help plsss!!

    - by dana
    i'm trying to save 100 caracters form user in a 'microblog' minimal application. my code seems to not have any mystakes, but doesn't work. the mistake is in views.py, i can't save the foreign key to user table models.py looks like this: class NewManager(models.Manager): def create_post(self, post, username): new = self.model(post=post, created_by=username) new.save() return new class New(models.Model): post = models.CharField(max_length=120) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=True) objects = NewManager() class NewForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = New fields = ['post'] # widgets = {'post': Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80, 'rows': 20}) def save_new(request): if request.method == 'POST': created_by = User.objects.get(created_by = user) date = request.POST.get('date', '') post = request.POST.get('post', '') new_obj = New(post=post, date=date, created_by=created_by) new_obj.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/') else: form = NewForm() return render_to_response('news/new_form.html', {'form': form},context_instance=RequestContext(request)) i didn't mention imports here - they're done right, anyway. my mistake is in views.py, when i try to save it says: local variable 'created_by' referenced before assignment it i put created_py as a parameter, the save needs more parameters... it is really weird help please!!

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  • Creating interruptible process in python

    - by Glycerine
    I'm creating a python script of which parses a large (but simple) CSV. It'll take some time to process. I would like the ability to interrupt the parsing of the CSV so I can continue at a later stage. Currently I have this - of which lives in a larger class: (unfinished) Edit: I have some changed code. But the system will parse over 3 million rows. def parseData(self) reader = csv.reader(open(self.file)) for id, title, disc in reader: print "%-5s %-50s %s" % (id, title, disc) l = LegacyData() l.old_id = int(id) l.name = title l.disc_number = disc l.parsed = False l.save() This is the old code. def parseData(self): #first line start fields = self.data.next() for row in self.data: items = zip(fields, row) item = {} for (name, value) in items: item[name] = value.strip() self.save(item) Thanks guys.

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  • How to merge two test into one RSpec

    - by thefonso
    Both the last two test work individually...but when both are set to run (non pending) I get problems. question: can I create a test that merges the two into one? How would this look?(yes, I am new to rspec) require_relative '../spec_helper' # the universe is vast and infinite....and...it is empty describe "tic tac toe game" do context "the game class" do before (:each) do player_h = Player.new("X") player_c = Player.new("O") @game = Game.new(player_h, player_c) end it "method drawgrid must return a 3x3 game grid" do @game.drawgrid.should eq("\na #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n----------\nb #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n----------\nc #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n----------\n 1 2 3 \n") @game.drawgrid end #FIXME - last two test here - how to merge into one? it "play method must display 3x3 game grid" do STDOUT.should_receive(:puts).and_return("\na #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n----------\nb #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n----------\nc #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n----------\n 1 2 3 \n").with("computer move") @game.play end it "play method must display 3x3 game grid" do STDOUT.should_receive(:puts).with("computer move") @game.play end end end just for info here is the code containing the play method require_relative "player" # #Just a Tic Tac Toe game class class Game #create players def initialize(player_h, player_c) #bring into existence the board and the players @player_h = player_h @player_c = player_c #value hash for the grid lives here $thegrid = { :a1=>" ", :a2=>" ", :a3=>" ", :b1=>" ", :b2=>" ", :b3=>" ", :c1=>" ", :c2=>" ", :c3=>" " } #make a global var for drawgrid which is used by external player class $gamegrid = drawgrid end #display grid on console def drawgrid board = "\n" board << "a #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << "b #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << "c #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << " 1 2 3 \n" return board end #start the game def play #draw the board puts drawgrid #external call to player class @player = @player_c.move_computer("O") end end player_h = Player.new("X") player_c = Player.new("O") game = Game.new(player_h, player_c) game.play

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  • difference between 2 pieces Python code

    - by draw
    Hello, I'm doing an exercise as following: # B. front_x # Given a list of strings, return a list with the strings # in sorted order, except group all the strings that begin with 'x' first. # e.g. ['mix', 'xyz', 'apple', 'xanadu', 'aardvark'] yields # ['xanadu', 'xyz', 'aardvark', 'apple', 'mix'] # Hint: this can be done by making 2 lists and sorting each of them # before combining them. sample solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] listO = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) else: listO.append(w) listX.sort() listO.sort() return listX + listO my solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) words.remove(w) listX.sort() words.sort() return listX + words as I tested my solution, the result is a little weird. Here is the source code with my solution: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/559353/list1.py. You might want to try it out.

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  • Programming in Python; writing a Caesar Cipher using a zip() method

    - by user1068153
    I'm working on a python program for homework and the problem asks me to develop a program that encrypts a message using a caesar cipher. I need to be able to have the user input a number to shift the encryption by, such as 4: e.g. 'A' to 'E'. The user also needs to input the string to be translated. The book says to use a zip() to do the problem. I am confused on how I would do this though. I have this but it doesn't do anything >>>def ceasarCipher(string, shift): strings = ['abc', 'def'] shifts = [2,3] for string, shift in zip(strings, shifts): print ceasarCipher(string,shift) >>>string = 'hello world' >>>shift = 1

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  • Sharing base object with inheritance

    - by max
    I have class Base. I'd like to extend its functionality in a class Derived. I was planning to write: class Derived(Base): def __init__(self, base_arg1, base_arg2, derived_arg1, derived_arg2): super().__init__(base_arg1, base_arg2) # ... def derived_method1(self): # ... Sometimes I already have a Base instance, and I want to create a Derived instance based on it, i.e., a Derived instance that shares the Base object (doesn't re-create it from scratch). I thought I could write a static method to do that: b = Base(arg1, arg2) # very large object, expensive to create or copy d = Derived.from_base(b, derived_arg1, derived_arg2) # reuses existing b object but it seems impossible. Either I'm missing a way to make this work, or (more likely) I'm missing a very big reason why it can't be allowed to work. Can someone explain which one it is? [Of course, if I used composition rather than inheritance, this would all be easy to do. But I was hoping to avoid the delegation of all the Base methods to Derived through __getattr__.]

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  • How can I change ruby log level in unit tests based on context

    - by Stuart
    I'm new to ruby so forgive me if this is simple or I get some terminology wrong. I've got a bunch of unit tests (actually they're integration tests for another project, but they use ruby test/unit) and they all include from a module that sets up an instance variable for the log object. When I run the individual tests I'd like log.level to be debug, but when I run a suite I'd like log.level to be error. Is it possible to do this with the approach I'm taking, or does the code need to be restructured? Here's a small example of what I have so far. The logging module: #!/usr/bin/env ruby require 'logger' module MyLog def setup @log = Logger.new(STDOUT) @log.level = Logger::DEBUG end end A test: #!/usr/bin/env ruby require 'test/unit' require 'mylog' class Test1 < Test::Unit::TestCase include MyLog def test_something @log.info("About to test something") # Test goes here @log.info("Done testing something") end end A test suite made up of all the tests in its directory: #!/usr/bin/env ruby Dir.foreach(".") do |path| if /it-.*\.rb/.match(File.basename(path)) require path end end

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  • Grails: can remoteField update multiple fields?

    - by Michael Bavin
    Hi, Assume i have a book entity with an isbn field. When entered a isbn number, i want 2 fields to be updated: title and author. My controller looks like this: def ajaxGetBook = { def book = Book.findByIsbn(params.isbn) if(book==null) book = new Book() render book as JSON } So my call works, and i get a full JSON Book. Now i would like to update 2 texfields by the update attribute <g:remoteField action="ajaxGetBook" update="title" name="isbn" value="${bookInstance?.book?.isbn}" paramName="isbn"/> Now the title field gets updated with the full book object, so that doesn't work. Is it possible to update field title with only the JSON book.title? Is it possible to update more fields at once? I could render book.title as JSON but that works for only one field. Thank you

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  • Parse xml file with same tag multiple times iphone sdk

    - by neha
    Hi all, In my application, I have a tag multiple times. I'm using xml parser. I'm taking a corresponding element with similar name as the one in xml file in my class. So in case of: <photo>abc</photo> <photo>def</photo> What I get in photo element of my class is the second element i.e def, as the first one gets overwritten as there's only one photo element in my class. My question is am I wrong in taking similar elements in class as in case of xml? Is there any better method or a better parser? Or I'm on right path and have to do this manually by setting some flags etc? Thanx in advance.

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  • making a programming language

    - by None
    I was wondering which way would create a faster programming language, because I have tried both. Writing code that takes the text, splits it by whitespace or newlines or something, then processes each line and has a dictionary for variables. Or writing code that takes text and converts it to another programming language. This is an example of how a very simple version of the first way would be programmed in python: def run(code): text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": print "hi" second: def run(code): rcode = "" text = code.split(";") for t in text: if t == "hello": rcode += "print 'hi'"

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  • Rails 2.3.5: flash[:notice] disappears after redirect_to call

    - by xyzman
    Here I've got two controller methods: def invite if request.post? begin email = AccountMailer.create_invite(@user,url) AccountMailer.deliver(email) flash[:notice] = "Invitation email sent to #{@user.email}" rescue #mail delivery failed flash[:error] = "Failed to deliver invitation" end redirect_to :action => :show, :id => @user.id end end and def show @title = "User #{@user.full_name}" end The problem is, when I send an invitation, and get redirected to ./show, I see no messages at all. If I change redirect_to to render, the message appears. Still, isn't it intended for flash to work in the immediate subsequent requests? BTW, I'm using Rails+Passenger setup, could it be so that redirected request goes to another application instance?

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