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• How to bypass resume from hibernate [closed]

  - by Daniel Trebbien

  I am attempting to resume a Windows Vista laptop from hibernate, but the resume process seems to be stuck in an endless loop in which Windows is repeatedly trying to read from the optical drive. When I press the Power On button on the laptop, the screen is black (not even the backlight turns on) and the following occurs in a loop: Five seconds pass and I hear the optical drive being accessed. (There's no disk in the drive, so it sounds like a short buzzing noise.) Two seconds pass and I hear the optical drive being accessed. Two seconds pass and I hear the optical drive being accessed. So it's three short buzzing noises in a row, over and over again. Eventually I have to abruptly power off the machine. I have tried inserting a data CD into the drive as well as a bootable CD (a live Linux distro boot disk). For both, the optical drive spins up for a bit, but stops after Windows decides that the disk is not what it is looking for. I have since lost the Windows Vista recovery DVD, but I don't know if inserting the recovery disk into the optical drive would have a different effect than the bootable CD. I have tried pressing F8 immediately after pressing the Power On button (hoping to enter System Restore), but that did not have an effect. Is there a special key sequence that will cause Windows to bypass resuming from hibernate, effectively ignoring hiberfil.sys?

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• Rundeck get verbose output of command executing on node

  - by Leon Stafford

  I have Rundeck executing a remote script, which is in python is using print statements to return output normally such as: $ python mytest.py PASS: Condition 1 passed PASS: Condition 2 passed PASS: and so on... When I run this via Rundeck, however, it doesn't show me the same print generated outputs as above. In Rundeck's most detailed Debug output mode, I only receive the following: 06:31:12 Permanently added 'myremotenode.com' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. 06:31:12 SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS sent 06:31:12 SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS received 06:31:12 SSH_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent 06:31:13 SSH_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received 06:31:13 Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive 06:31:13 Next authentication method: publickey 06:31:13 Authentication succeeded (publickey). 06:31:13 /cygdrive/c/Program Files (x86)/Mozil... 06:32:06 Adding reference: ant.PropertyHelper 06:32:06 Setting project property: sshexec.output -> /cygdrive/c/Prog... I know that the remote script is actually executing just as usual, as I'm receiving other emails generated by the ~30min long script. Obviously, I don't want to have to wait 30mins to see the result of each print statement within the python script. How can I get the same level of output in Rundeck as I do in the bash shell directly?

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• OpenBSD logins via SSH seem to be ignoring my configured radius server

  - by Steve Kemp

  I've installed and configured a radius server upon my localhost - it is delegating auth to a remote LDAP server. Initially things look good: I can test via the console: # export user=skemp # export pass=xxx # radtest $user $pass localhost 1812 $secret Sending Access-Request of id 185 to 127.0.0.1 port 1812 User-Name = "skemp" User-Password = "xxx" NAS-IP-Address = 192.168.1.168 NAS-Port = 1812 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 1812, id=185, Similarly I can use the login tool to do the same thing: bash-4.0# /usr/libexec/auth/login_radius -d -s login $user radius Password: $pass authorize However remote logins via SSH are failing, and so are invokations of "login" started by root. Looking at /var/log/radiusd.log I see no actual log of success/failure which I do see when using either of the previous tools. Instead sshd is just logging: sshd[23938]: Failed publickey for skemp from 192.168.1.9 sshd[23938]: Failed keyboard-interactive for skemp from 192.168.1.9 port 36259 ssh2 sshd[23938]: Failed password for skemp from 192.168.1.9 port 36259 ssh2 In /etc/login.conf I have this: # Default allowed authentication styles auth-defaults:auth=radius: ... radius:\ :auth=radius:\ :radius-server=localhost:\ :radius-port=1812:\ :radius-timeout=1:\ :radius-retries=5:

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• Passing two arguments to a command using pipes

  - by firebat

  Usually, we only need to pass one argument: echo abc | cat echo abc | cat some_file - echo abc | cat - some_file Is there a way to pass two arguments? Something like {echo abc , echo xyz} | cat cat `echo abc` `echo xyz` I could just store both results in a file first echo abc > file1 echo xyz > file2 cat file1 file2 But then I might accidentally overwrite a file, which is not ok. This is going into a non-interactive script. Basically, I need a way to pass the results of two arbitrary commands to cat without writing to a file. UPDATE: Sorry, the example masks the problem. While { echo abc ; echo xyz ; } | cat does seem to work, the output is due to the echos, not the cat. A better example would be { cut -f2 -d, file1; cut -f1 -d, file2; } | paste -d, which does not work as expected. With file1: a,b c,d file2: 1,2 3,4 Expected output is: b,1 d,3 RESOLVED: Use process substitution: cat <(command1) <(command2) Alternatively, make named pipes using mkfifo: mkfifo temp1 mkfifo temp2 command1 > temp1 & command2 > temp2 & cat temp1 temp2 Less elegant and more verbose, but works fine, as long as you make sure temp1 and temp2 don't exist before hand.

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• Prevent outgoing traffic unless OpenVPN connection is active using pf.conf on Mac OS X

  - by Nick

  I've been able to deny all connections to external networks unless my OpenVPN connection is active using pf.conf. However, I lose Wi-Fi connectivity if the connection is broken by closing and opening the laptop lid or toggling Wi-Fi off and on again. I'm on Mac OS 10.8.1. I connect to the Web via Wi-Fi (from varying locations, including Internet cafés). The OpenVPN connection is set up with Viscosity. I have the following packet filter rules set up in /etc/pf.conf # Deny all packets unless they pass through the OpenVPN connection wifi=en1 vpn=tun0 block all set skip on lo pass on $wifi proto udp to [OpenVPN server IP address] port 443 pass on $vpn I start the packet filter service with sudo pfctl -e and load the new rules with sudo pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf. I have also edited /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.pfctl.plist and changed the line <string>-f</string> to read <string>-ef</string> so that the packet filter launches at system startup. This all seems to works great at first: applications can only connect to the web if the OpenVPN connection is active, so I'm never leaking data over an insecure connection. But, if I close and reopen my laptop lid or turn Wi-Fi off and on again, the Wi-Fi connection is lost, and I see an exclamation mark in the Wi-Fi icon in the status bar. Clicking the Wi-Fi icon shows an "Alert: No Internet connection" message: To regain the connection, I have to disconnect and reconnect Wi-Fi, sometimes five or six times, before the "Alert: No Internet connection" message disappears and I'm able to open the VPN connection again. Other times, the Wi-Fi alert disappears of its own accord, the exclamation mark clears, and I'm able to connect again. Either way, it can take five minutes or more to get a connection again, which can be frustrating. Why does Wi-Fi report "No internet connection" after losing connectivity, and how can I diagnose this issue and fix it?

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• apache2 + mod_fastcgi + suexec + php5.2 = unstable on high load

  I am hosting several (~30) different sites on one server with apache2+fastcgi+suexec+php5. Sites have different loads and different execution times of their scripts (some of them process request for 5-7 seconds, some <1sek). Sometimes when single site receives very high load (all php instances of this site are created and used) - whole apache server hangs. Apache (worker mpm) creates new processes up to the upper limit. It looks like it is starting to queue ALL new request for EVERY site, not only the one that has high load and quickly achieves process limits... restart of apache solves the problem... config: FastCgiConfig -singleThreshold 1 -multiThreshold 10 -listen-queue-depth 30 -maxProcesses 80 -maxClassProcesses 12 -idle-timeout 30 -pass-header HTTP_AUTHORIZATION -pass-header If-Modified-Since -pass-header If-None-Match (earlier have default -listen-queue-depth = 100, but it didn't change anything...) Any suggestions? Another question - how is implemented this listen queue? is it one queue for whole apache, or unique queue for every defined php apllication (suexec site)? I would like to achieve something like this: when one site receives high load and its queue is full - server bounces next request, but only for this one site.. Other sites should work properly...

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• Hudson deploy specific git revision

  - by brad

  I'm using hudson to auto-deploy my Rails app to heroku. In my main build job I pull from a Git repo (hosted using gitosis on the same machine), master branch with the following: URL of repository: /home/git/repositories/my_app.git Name of repository: origin Refspec: +refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master Branches to build: master Then, assuming all tests pass, I want to kick off a new build that is the deploy to Heroku. I can't however figure out how to get that deploy build to checkout the particular revision that this build was using. I understand there's a parameterized trigger plugin that would allow me to pass this revision number, but I don't know how I can tell hudson to checkout this particular revision on the deploy build. I'm pretty sure this just has to do with my limited knowledge of git, but where in the hudson git config's is there an option to checkout a particular revision? Otherwise, I could have many commits happen whilst a build is happening, and when it kicks off a deploy build, that deploy build would just check out the HEAD of the branch, which may not be the same as the code that was pushed that triggered this build. I don't fully understand why I have a refspec in Hudson, then also specify a branch to build, I thought this was the same thing. Can refspec somehow specify the revision number? How would this be referenced if it was passed through with the parameterized trigger plugin? (I've never used that plugin, but someone else recommended it as a way to pass in vars to a new build, if there's another way I'm all ears)

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• Nginx > Varnish > Gunicorn Error Too many Redirections

  - by kollo

  I have the following config: Nginx Varnish Gunicorn Django I want to cache 2 versions of same site (mobile & web) with Varnish. Gunicorn : WEB: gunicorn_django --bind 127.0.0.1:8181 MOBILE: gunicorn_django --bind 127.0.0.1:8182 Nginx: WEB: server { listen 80; server_name www.mysite.com; location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8282; # pass to Varnish proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } MOBILE: server { listen 80; server_name m.mysite.com; location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8282; # pass to Varnish proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } Varnish: default.vcl backend mobile_mysite { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "8182"; } backend mysite { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "8181"; } sub vcl_recv { if (req.http.host ~ "(?i)^(m.)?mysite.com$") { set req.http.host = "m.mysite.com"; set req.backend = mobile_mysite; }elsif (req.http.host ~ "(?i)^(www.)?mysite.com$") { set req.http.host = "mysite.com"; set req.backend = mysite; } if (req.url ~ ".*/static") { /* do not cache static content */ return (pass); } } The problem: On Nginx if I setup Mobile version with Varnish (port 8282) and let WEB version with Gunicorn( port 8181), MOBILE is cached by varnish, both WEB & MOBILE works but WEB is not cached. If I set the proxy_pass of WEB version to Varnish (port 8282) and restart Nginx I got an error when accessing web version (www.mysite.com) "Too many redirections" . I Think my problem come from the Varnish config file, as the site works well if I setup Nginx proxy_pass to Gunicorn ports (MOBILE & WEB).

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• Varnish returning 503, FetchError (could not get storage)

  - by Archan

  On the current setup we're running into a problem with Varnish, we're running a CentOS 5.7 x86_64 xenpv, with Cpanel WHM, hosted at VPS.net. Sometimes we will recieve a Guru Meditation from Varnish, and when we look in the varnishlog with the following command varnishlog -d -c -m TxStatus:503 it returns output similar to the following: 15 VCL_call c recv 15 VCL_acl c NO_MATCH devs 15 VCL_return c pass 15 VCL_call c hash 15 Hash c **** 15 Hash c ************* 15 VCL_return c hash 15 VCL_call c pass pass 15 Backend c 12 default default 15 TTL c 1835862523 RFC 0 -1 -1 1332454056 0 1332454055 375007920 0 15 VCL_call c fetch hit_for_pass 15 ObjProtocol c HTTP/1.1 15 ObjResponse c OK 15 ObjHeader c Date: Thu, 22 Mar 2012 22:07:35 GMT 15 ObjHeader c Server: Apache/2.2.21 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.21 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 mod_bwlimited/1.4 mod_fcgid/2.3.6 15 ObjHeader c X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.9 15 ObjHeader c Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT 15 ObjHeader c Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 15 ObjHeader c Pragma: no-cache 15 ObjHeader c Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 15 ObjHeader c X-Cacheable: NO:Cache-Control=private 15 FetchError c chunked read_error: 12 (Could not get storage) 15 VCL_call c error deliver 15 VCL_call c deliver deliver As far as I have could gather, we could try increasing the nuke_limit, but currently we have a nuke_limit of 500, and when running varnishstat -1 -f n_lru_nuked we "only" get a total of 1031, even though we have seen the error happen on several pages. When we then run top to see how much memory Varnish is using, it only shows that it is using 763m, although we've set it to be allowed to use 1200m. Any ideas of what the problem can be?

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• Doing arithmetic and passing it to the next command

  - by neurolysis

  I know how to do this in /bin/sh, but I'm struggling a bit in Windows. I know you can do arithmetic on 32-bit signed integers with SET /a 2+2 4 But how do I pass this to the next command? For example, the process I want to perform is as follows. Consumer editions of Windows have no native automated sleep function (I believe?) -- the best way to perform a sleep is to use PING in association with the -n switch to get that many seconds, minus one, of sleep. The following command is effective for a silent sleep: PING localhost -n 3 > NUL But I want to alias this into a sleep command. I'd like to have it elegant so that you enter the actual number of seconds you want to sleep after the command, right now I can do DOSKEY SLEEP=PING 127.0.0.1 -n $1 > NUL Which works, but it's always 1 second less than your input, so if you wanted to sleep for one second you would have to use the command SLEEP 2. That's not exactly ideal. Is there some way for me to pass the arithmetic of $1+1 and pass it on to the next command in Windows? I assume there is some way of using STDOUT...

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• Is there any way to distribute x264 encoding jobs across multiple computers (to increase the encoding speed)?

  - by Breakthrough

  Does anyone know of a current, active solution to encoding x264 videos across many computers (via the network) to increase encoding FPS? Brownie points for cross-platform and open source, but just so you all know, I usually use Windows. Programs that I have heard of, and why I do not believe they are suitable: x264farm: Not actively developed. Good interface, but does not support two-pass encoding, and fails with newer x264 builds. ELDER: Again, not actively developed, but my issue was that it didn't work with new x264 builds, and it was very difficult to configure (read: randomly stopped working). While I don't absolutely need a program which is being actively developed, I would like one that supports two-pass encoding, and works with new(er) x264 builds. Additional information: So far, I've offered (and awarded!) two separate bounties on this question since I first posted it over two years ago, and I still haven't found a solution to this problem. What I'm looking for basically is a simple program to allow me to encode x264 videos using the processing power of multiple computers connected over a LAN. Furthermore, it would be nice if it worked with new(er) x264 builds, and supported two-pass encoding. If at any time someone has an updated answer, or a new solution to this problem, please post it and it will be given some consideration.

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• How to connect to DB2 when the password ends with '!' in Windows

  - by AngocA

  I am facing a problem to use the DB2 tools when using generic account with a generated password which ends with the Bang sign '!' to connect to DB2 database. I am not allowed to change the password because it is already used by other processes. I know the user is valid and I can connect to the database with its credentials, but not from all db2 tools. When using the Control Center it is okay. When using the Command Editor (GUI) or the Command Windows, I got this error message: connect to WAREHOUS user administrator using ! SQL0104N An unexpected token "!" was found following "<identifier>". Expected tokens may include: "NEW". SQLSTATE=42601 Let's say that my password is: pass@! I am trying to use c:\>db2 connect to sample user administrator using "pass@!" or c:\>db2 connect to sample user administrator using pass@! And it both cases I got the same error message. I could change the way I connect but it is not useful for me, for example: c:\>db2 connect to sample user administrator Enter current password for administrator: But I cannot use it from a batch file easily. I would like to know how can I connect from the Command Editor, in order to use this user from the Graphical Tools. BTW, I know that the Control Center is deprecated.

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• Can't get php+sqlite working

  - by facha

  Hi, everyone I'm struggling all morning to make php work with an sqlite database. Here is a piece of php code that I try to execute: #less /var/www/html/test.php <?php $db=new PDO("sqlite:/var/www/test.sql"); $sql = "insert into test (login,pass) values ('login','pass');"; $db->exec($sql); ?> Here is how I've done tests: # sqlite3 /var/www/test.sql sqlite> create table test (login varchar,pass varchar); #chown apache:apache /var/www/test.sql #chmod 644 /var/www/test.sql Here is the stuff that drives me mad: When I execute from command line: #php test.php everything goes well. Sql is being executed and I can see a new row appear in the database. When I execute the same script from a browser - sql is not being executed. I don't get a new row in the database. There are no errors in the apache log file. Please, help

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• OAM OVD integration - Error Encounterd while performance test "LDAP response read timed out, timeout used:2000ms"

  - by siddhartha_sinha

  While working on OAM OVD integration for one of my client, I have been involved in the performance test of the products wherein I encountered OAM authentication failures while talking to OVD during heavy load. OAM logs revealed the following: oracle.security.am.common.policy.common.response.ResponseException: oracle.security.am.engines.common.identity.provider.exceptions.IdentityProviderException: OAMSSA-20012: Exception in getting user attributes for user : dummy_user1, idstore MyIdentityStore with exception javax.naming.NamingException: LDAP response read timed out, timeout used:2000ms.; remaining name 'ou=people,dc=oracle,dc=com' at oracle.security.am.common.policy.common.response.IdentityValueProvider.getUserAttribute(IdentityValueProvider.java:271) ... During the authentication and authorization process, OAM complains that the LDAP repository is taking too long to return user attributes.The default value is 2 seconds as can be seen from the exception, "2000ms". While troubleshooting the issue, it was found that we can increase the ldap read timeout in oam-config.xml.  For reference, the attribute to add in the oam-config.xml file is: <Setting Name="LdapReadTimeout" Type="xsd:string">2000</Setting> However it is not recommended to increase the time out unless it is absolutely necessary and ensure that back-end directory servers are working fine. Rather I took the path of tuning OVD in the following manner: 1) Navigate to ORACLE_INSTANCE/config/OPMN/opmn folder and edit opmn.xml. Search for <data id="java-options" ………> and edit the contents of the file with the highlighted items: <category id="start-options"><data id="java-bin" value="$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin/java"/><data id="java-options" value="-server -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Dvde.soTimeoutBackend=0 -Didm.oracle.home=$ORACLE_HOME -Dcommon.components.home=$ORACLE_HOME/../oracle_common -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:/opt/bea/Middleware/asinst_1/diagnostics/logs/OVD/ovd1/ovdGClog.log -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -Doracle.security.jps.config=$ORACLE_INSTANCE/config/JPS/jps-config-jse.xml"/><data id="java-classpath" value="$ORACLE_HOME/ovd/jlib/vde.jar$:$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/ojdbc6.jar"/></category></module-data><stop timeout="120"/><ping interval="60"/></process-type> When the system is busy, a ping from the Oracle Process Manager and Notification Server (OPMN) to Oracle Virtual Directory may fail. As a result, OPMN will restart Oracle Virtual Directory after 20 seconds (the default ping interval). To avoid this, consider increasing the ping interval to 60 seconds or more. 2) Navigate to ORACLE_INSTANCE/config/OVD/ovd1 folder.Open listeners.os_xml file and perform the following changes: · Search for <ldap id=”Ldap Endpoint”…….> and point the cursor to that line. · Change threads count to 200. · Change anonymous bind to Deny. · Change workQueueCapacity to 8096. Add a new parameter <useNIO> and set its value to false viz: <useNIO>false</useNio> Snippet: <ldap version="8" id="LDAP Endpoint"> ....... .......  <socketOptions><backlog>128</backlog>         <reuseAddress>false</reuseAddress>         <keepAlive>false</keepAlive>         <tcpNoDelay>true</tcpNoDelay>         <readTimeout>0</readTimeout>      </socketOptions> <useNIO>false</useNIO></ldap> Restart OVD server. For more information on OVD tuneup refer to http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E25054_01/core.1111/e10108/ovd.htm. Please Note: There were few patches released from OAM side for performance tune-up as well. Will provide the updates shortly !!!

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• Knockout.js - Filtering, Sorting, and Paging

  - by jtimperley

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/jtimperley/archive/2013/07/28/knockout.js---filtering-sorting-and-paging.aspxKnockout.js is fantastic! Maybe I missed it but it appears to be missing flexible filtering, sorting, and pagination of its grids. This is a summary of my attempt at creating this functionality which has been working out amazingly well for my purposes. Before you continue, this post is not intended to teach you the basics of Knockout. They have already created a fantastic tutorial for this purpose. You'd be wise to review this before you continue. http://learn.knockoutjs.com/ Please view the full source code and functional example on jsFiddle. Below you will find a brief explanation of some of the components. http://jsfiddle.net/JTimperley/pyCTN/13/ First we need to create a model to represent our records. This model is a simple container with defined and guaranteed members. function CustomerModel(data) { if (!data) { data = {}; } var self = this; self.id = data.id; self.name = data.name; self.status = data.status; } Next we need a model to represent the page as a whole with an array of the previously defined records. I have intentionally overlooked the filtering and sorting options for now. Note how the filtering, sorting, and pagination are chained together to accomplish all three goals. This strategy allows each of these pieces to be used selectively based on the page's needs. If you only need sorting, just sort, etc. function CustomerPageModel(data) { if (!data) { data = {}; } var self = this; self.customers = ExtractModels(self, data.customers, CustomerModel); var filters = […]; var sortOptions = […]; self.filter = new FilterModel(filters, self.customers); self.sorter = new SorterModel(sortOptions, self.filter.filteredRecords); self.pager = new PagerModel(self.sorter.orderedRecords); } The code currently supports text box and drop down filters. Text box filters require defining the current 'Value' and the 'RecordValue' function to retrieve the filterable value from the provided record. Drop downs allow defining all possible values, the current option, and the 'RecordValue' as before. Once defining these filters, they are automatically added to the screen and any changes to their values will automatically update the results, causing their sort and pagination to be re-evaluated. var filters = [ { Type: "text", Name: "Name", Value: ko.observable(""), RecordValue: function(record) { return record.name; } }, { Type: "select", Name: "Status", Options: [ GetOption("All", "All", null), GetOption("New", "New", true), GetOption("Recently Modified", "Recently Modified", false) ], CurrentOption: ko.observable(), RecordValue: function(record) { return record.status; } } ]; Sort options are more simplistic and are also automatically added to the screen. Simply provide each option's name and value for the sort drop down as well as function to allow defining how the records are compared. This mechanism can easily be adapted for using table headers as the sort triggers. That strategy hasn't crossed my functionality needs at this point. var sortOptions = [ { Name: "Name", Value: "Name", Sort: function(left, right) { return CompareCaseInsensitive(left.name, right.name); } } ]; Paging options are completely contained by the pager model. Because we will be chaining arrays between our filtering, sorting, and pagination models, the following utility method is used to prevent errors when handing an observable array to another observable array. function GetObservableArray(array) { if (typeof(array) == 'function') { return array; }   return ko.observableArray(array); }

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• A Closer Look at the HiddenInput Attribute in MVC 2

  - by Steve Michelotti

  MVC 2 includes an attribute for model metadata called the HiddenInput attribute. The typical usage of the attribute looks like this (line #3 below): 1: public class PersonViewModel 2: { 3: [HiddenInput(DisplayValue = false)] 4: public int? Id { get; set; } 5: public string FirstName { get; set; } 6: public string LastName { get; set; } 7: } So if you displayed your PersonViewModel with Html.EditorForModel() or Html.EditorFor(m => m.Id), the framework would detect the [HiddenInput] attribute metadata and produce HTML like this: 1: <input id="Id" name="Id" type="hidden" value="21" /> This is pretty straight forward and allows an elegant way to keep the technical key for your model (e.g., a Primary Key from the database) in the HTML so that everything will be wired up correctly when the form is posted to the server and of course not displaying this value visually to the end user. However, when I was giving a recent presentation, a member of the audience asked me (quite reasonably), “When would you ever set DisplayValue equal to true when using a HiddenInput?” To which I responded, “Well, it’s an edge case. There are sometimes when…er…um…people might want to…um…display this value to the user.” It was quickly apparent to me (and I’m sure everyone else in the room) what a terrible answer this was. I realized I needed to have a much better answer here. First off, let’s look at what is produced if we change our view model to use “true” (which is equivalent to use specifying [HiddenInput] since “true” is the default) on line #3: 1: public class PersonViewModel 2: { 3: [HiddenInput(DisplayValue = true)] 4: public int? Id { get; set; } 5: public string FirstName { get; set; } 6: public string LastName { get; set; } 7: } Will produce the following HTML if rendered from Htm.EditorForModel() in your view: 1: <div class="editor-label"> 2: <label for="Id">Id</label> 3: </div> 4: <div class="editor-field"> 5: 21<input id="Id" name="Id" type="hidden" value="21" /> 6: <span class="field-validation-valid" id="Id_validationMessage"></span> 7: </div> The key is line #5. We get the text of “21” (which happened to be my DB Id in this instance) and also a hidden input element (again with “21”). So the question is, why would one want to use this? The best answer I’ve found is contained in this MVC 2 whitepaper: When a view lets users edit the ID of an object and it is necessary to display the value as well as to provide a hidden input element that contains the old ID so that it can be passed back to the controller. Well, that actually makes sense. Yes, it seems like something that would happen *rarely* but, for those instances, it would enable them easily. It’s effectively equivalent to doing this in your view: 1: <%: Html.LabelFor(m => m.Id) %> 2: <%: Model.Id %> 3: <%: Html.HiddenFor(m => m.Id) %> But it’s allowing you to specify it in metadata on your view model (and thereby take advantage of templated helpers like Html.EditorForModel() and Html.EditorFor()) rather than having to explicitly specifying everything in your view.

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• Stretch in multiple components using af:popup, af:region, af:panelTabbed

  - by Arvinder Singh

  Case study: I have a pop-up(dialogue) that contains a region(separate taskflow) showing a tab. The contents of this tab is in a region having a separate taskflow. The jsff page of this taskflow contains a panelSplitter which in turn contains a table. In short the components are : pop-up(dialogue) --> region(separate taskflow) --> tab --> region(separate taskflow) --> panelSplitter --> table At times the tab is not displayed with 100% width or the table in panelSplitter is not 100% visible or the splitter is not visible. Maintaining the stretch for all the components is difficult......not any more!!! Below is the solution that you can make use of in many similar scenarios. I am mentioning the major code snippets affecting the stretch and alignment. pop-up: <af:popup> <af:dialog id="d2" type="none" title="" inlineStyle="width:1200px"> <af:region value="#{bindings.PriceChangePopupFlow1.regionModel}" id="r1"/> </af:dialog> The above region is a jsff containing multiple tabs. I am showing code for a single tab. I kept the tab in a panelStretchLayout. <af:panelStretchLayout id="psl1" topHeight="300px" styleClass="AFStretchWidth"> <af:panelTabbed id="pt1"> <af:showDetailItem text="PO Details" id="sdi1" stretchChildren="first" > <af:region value="#{bindings.PriceChangePurchaseOrderFlow1.regionModel}" id="r1" binding="# {pageFlowScope.priceChangePopupBean.poDetailsRegion}" /> This "region" displays a .jsff containing a table in a panelSplitter. <af:panelSplitter id="ps1"  orientation="horizontal" splitterPosition="700"> <f:facet name="first"> <af:panelHeader text="PurchaseOrder" id="ph1"> <af:table id="md1" rows="#{bindings.PurchaseOrderVO.rangeSize}" That's it!!! We're done... Note the stretchChildren="first" attribute in the af:showDetailItem. That does the trick for us. Oracle docs say the following about stretchChildren :  Valid Values: none, first The stretching behavior for children. Acceptable values include: "none": does not attempt to stretch any children (the default value and the value you need to use if you have more than a single child; also the value you need to use if the child does not support being stretched) "first": stretches the first child (not to be used if you have multiple children as such usage will produce unreliable results; also not to be used if the child does not support being stretched)

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• Exposed: Fake Social Marketing

  - by Mike Stiles

  Brands and marketers who want to build their social popularity on a foundation of lies are starting to face more of an uphill climb. Fake social is starting to get exposed, and there are a lot of emperors getting caught without any clothes. Facebook is getting ready to do a purge of “Likes” on Pages that were a result of bots, fake accounts, and even real users who were duped or accidentally Liked a Page. Most of those accidental Likes occur on mobile, where it’s easy for large fingers to hit the wrong space. Depending on the degree to which your Page has been the subject of such activity, you may see your number of Likes go down. But don’t sweat it, that’s a good thing. The social world has turned the corner and assessed the value of a Like. And the verdict is that a Like is valuable as an opportunity to build a real relationship with a real customer. Its value pales immensely compared to a user who’s actually engaged with the brand. Those fake Likes aren’t doing you any good. Huge numbers may once have impressed, but it’s not fooling anybody anymore. Facebook’s selling point to marketers is the ability to use a brand’s fans to reach friends of those fans. Consequently, there has to be validity and legitimacy to a fan count. Speaking of mobile, Trademob recently reported 40% of clicks are essentially worthless, because 22% of them are accidental (again with the fat fingers), while 18% are trickery. Publishers will but huge banner ads next to tiny app buttons to increase the odds of an accident. Others even hide a banner behind another to score 2 clicks instead of 1. Pontiflex and Harris Interactive last year found 47% of users were more likely to click a mobile ad accidentally than deliberately. Beyond that, hijacked devices are out there manipulating click data. But to what end for a marketer? What’s the value of a click on something a user never even saw? What’s the value of a seen but accidentally clicked ad if there’s no resulting transaction? Back to fake Likes, followers and views; they’re definitely for sale on numerous sites, none of which I’ll promote. $5 can get you 1,000 Twitter followers. You can even get followers targeted by interests. One site was set up by an unemployed accountant out of his house in England. He gets them from a wholesaler in Brooklyn, who gets them from a 19-year-old supplier in India. The unemployed accountant is making $10,000 a day. That means a lot of brands, celebrities and organizations are playing the fake social game, apparently not coming to grips with the slim value of the numbers they’re buying. But now, in addition to having paid good money for non-ROI numbers, there’s the embarrassment factor. At least a couple of sites have popped up allowing anyone to see just how many fake and inactive followers you have. Britain’s Fake Follower Check and StatusPeople are the two getting the most attention. Enter any Twitter handle and the results are there for all to see. Fake isn’t good, period. “Inactive” could be real followers, but if they’re real, they’re just watching, not engaging. If someone runs a check on your Twitter handle and turns up fake followers, does that mean you’re suspect or have purchased followers? No. Anyone can follow anyone, so most accounts will have some fakes. Even account results like Barack Obama’s (70% fake according to StatusPeople) and Lady Gaga’s (71% fake) don’t mean these people knew about all those fakes or initiated them. Regardless, brands should realize they’re now being watched, and users are judging the legitimacy of their social channels. Use one of any number of tools available to assess and clean out fake Likes and followers so that your numbers are as genuine as possible. And obviously, skip the “buying popularity” route of social marketing strategy. It doesn’t work and it gets you busted…a losing combination.

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• Best Design Pattern for Coupling User Interface Components and Data Structures

  - by szahn

  I have a windows desktop application with a tree view. Due to lack of a sound data-binding solution for a tree view, I've implemented my own layer of abstraction on it to bind nodes to my own data structure. The requirements are as follows: Populate a tree view with nodes that resemble fields in a data structure. When a node is clicked, display the appropriate control to modify the value of that property in the instance of the data structure. The tree view is populated with instances of custom TreeNode classes that inherit from TreeNode. The responsibility of each custom TreeNode class is to (1) format the node text to represent the name and value of the associated field in my data structure, (2) return the control used to modify the property value, (3) get the value of the field in the control (3) set the field's value from the control. My custom TreeNode implementation has a property called "Control" which retrieves the proper custom control in the form of the base control. The control instance is stored in the custom node and instantiated upon first retrieval. So each, custom node has an associated custom control which extends a base abstract control class. Example TreeNode implementation: //The Tree Node Base Class public abstract class TreeViewNodeBase : TreeNode { public abstract CustomControlBase Control { get; } public TreeViewNodeBase(ExtractionField field) { UpdateControl(field); } public virtual void UpdateControl(ExtractionField field) { Control.UpdateControl(field); UpdateCaption(FormatValueForCaption()); } public virtual void SaveChanges(ExtractionField field) { Control.SaveChanges(field); UpdateCaption(FormatValueForCaption()); } public virtual string FormatValueForCaption() { return Control.FormatValueForCaption(); } public virtual void UpdateCaption(string newValue) { this.Text = Caption; this.LongText = newValue; } } //The tree node implementation class public class ExtractionTypeNode : TreeViewNodeBase { private CustomDropDownControl control; public override CustomControlBase Control { get { if (control == null) { control = new CustomDropDownControl(); control.label1.Text = Caption; control.comboBox1.Items.Clear(); control.comboBox1.Items.AddRange( Enum.GetNames( typeof(ExtractionField.ExtractionType))); } return control; } } public ExtractionTypeNode(ExtractionField field) : base(field) { } } //The custom control base class public abstract class CustomControlBase : UserControl { public abstract void UpdateControl(ExtractionField field); public abstract void SaveChanges(ExtractionField field); public abstract string FormatValueForCaption(); } //The custom control generic implementation (view) public partial class CustomDropDownControl : CustomControlBase { public CustomDropDownControl() { InitializeComponent(); } public override void UpdateControl(ExtractionField field) { //Nothing to do here } public override void SaveChanges(ExtractionField field) { //Nothing to do here } public override string FormatValueForCaption() { //Nothing to do here return string.Empty; } } //The custom control specific implementation public class FieldExtractionTypeControl : CustomDropDownControl { public override void UpdateControl(ExtractionField field) { comboBox1.SelectedIndex = comboBox1.FindStringExact(field.Extraction.ToString()); } public override void SaveChanges(ExtractionField field) { field.Extraction = (ExtractionField.ExtractionType) Enum.Parse(typeof(ExtractionField.ExtractionType), comboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString()); } public override string FormatValueForCaption() { return string.Empty; } The problem is that I have "generic" controls which inherit from CustomControlBase. These are just "views" with no logic. Then I have specific controls that inherit from the generic controls. I don't have any functions or business logic in the generic controls because the specific controls should govern how data is associated with the data structure. What is the best design pattern for this?

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• SharePoint 2010 Hosting :: Setting Default Column Values on a Folder Programmatically

  - by mbridge

  The reason I write this post today is because my initial searches on the Internet provided me with nothing on the topic.  I was hoping to find a reference to the SDK but I didn’t have any luck.  What I want to do is set a default column value on an existing folder so that new items in that folder automatically inherit that value.  It’s actually pretty easy to do once you know what the class is called in the API.  I did some digging and discovered that class is MetadataDefaults. It can be found in Microsoft.Office.DocumentManagement.dll.  Note: if you can’t find it in the GAC, this DLL is in the 14/CONFIG/BIN folder and not the 14/ISAPI folder.  Add a reference to this DLL in your project.  In my case, I am building a console application, but you might put this in an event receiver or workflow. In my example today, I have simple custom folder and document content types.  I have one shared site column called DocumentType.  I have a document library which each of these content types registered.  In my document library, I have a folder named Test and I want to set its default column values using code.  Here is what it looks like.  Start by getting a reference to the list in question.  This assumes you already have a SPWeb object.  In my case I have created it and it is called site. SPList customDocumentLibrary = site.Lists["CustomDocuments"]; You then pass the SPList object to the MetadataDefaults constructor. MetadataDefaults columnDefaults = new MetadataDefaults(customDocumentLibrary); Now I just need to get my SPFolder object in question and pass it to the meethod SetFieldDefault.  This takes a SPFolder object, a string with the name of the SPField to set the default on, and finally the value of the default (in my case “Memo”). SPFolder testFolder = customDocumentLibrary.RootFolder.SubFolders["Test"]; columnDefaults.SetFieldDefault(testFolder, "DocumentType", "Memo"); You can set multiple defaults here.  When you’re done, you will need to call .Update(). columnDefaults.Update(); Here is what it all looks like together. using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://sp2010/sites/ECMSource")) {     using (SPWeb site = siteCollection.OpenWeb())     {         SPList customDocumentLibrary = site.Lists["CustomDocuments"];         MetadataDefaults columnDefaults = new MetadataDefaults(customDocumentLibrary);          SPFolder testFolder = customDocumentLibrary.RootFolder.SubFolders["Test"];         columnDefaults.SetFieldDefault(testFolder, "DocumentType", "Memo");         columnDefaults.Update();     } } You can verify that your property was set correctly on the Change Default Column Values page in your list This is something that I could see used a lot on an ItemEventReceiver attached to a folder to do metadata inheritance.  Whenever, the user changed the value of the folder’s property, you could have it update the default.  Your code might look something columnDefaults.SetFieldDefault(properties.ListItem.Folder, "MyField", properties.ListItem[" This is a great way to keep the child items updated any time the value a folder’s property changes.  I’m also wondering if this can be done via CAML.  I tried saving a site template, but after importing I got an error on the default values page.  I’ll keep looking and let you know what I find out.

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• Encode two integers into colour values and compare them in a HLSL shader

  - by Ben Slinger

  I am writing a 2D point and click adventure game in Monogame, and I'd like to be able to create an image mask for every room which defines which parts of the background a character can walk behind, and at which Y value a character needs to be at for the background to be drawn above the character. I haven't done any shader work before but after doing some reading I thought the following solution should work: Create a mask for the room with different walk behind areas painted in a colour that defines the baseline Y value (Walk Behind Mask) Render all objects to a RenderTarget2D (Base Texture) Render all objects to a different RenderTarget2D, but changing every pixel of each object to a colour that defines its Y value (Position Mask) Pass these two textures plus the image mask into the shader, and for each pixel compare the colour of the image mask to the colour of the Position Mask to the Walk Behind Mask - if the Position Mask pixel is larger (thus lower on the screen and closer to the camera) than the Walk Behind Mask, draw the pixel from the Base Texture, otherwise draw a transparent pixel (allowing the background to show through). I've got it mostly working, but I'm having trouble packing and unpacking the Y values into colours and retrieving them correctly in the shader. Here are some code examples of how I'm doing it so far: (When drawing to the Position Mask RenderTarget2D) Color posColor = new Color(((int)Position.Y >> 16) & 255, ((int)Position.Y >> 8) & 255, (int)Position.Y & 255); So as far as I can tell, this should be taking the first 3 bytes of the position integer and encoding them into a 4 byte colour (ignoring the alpha as the 4th byte). This seems to work fine, as when my character is at Y = 600, the resulting Color from this is: {[Color: R=0, G=2, B=88, A=255, PackedValue=4283957760]}. I then have an area in my Walk Behind Mask that I only want the character to be displayed behind if his Y value is lower than 655, so I've painted it with R=0, G=2, B=143, A=255. Now, I think I have the shader OK as well, here's what I have: sampler BaseTexture : register(s0); sampler MaskTexture : register(s1); sampler PositionTexture : register(s2); float4 mask( float2 coords : TEXCOORD0 ) : COLOR0 { float4 color = tex2D(BaseTexture, coords); float4 maskColor = tex2D(MaskTexture, coords); float4 positionColor = tex2D(PositionTexture, coords); float maskCompare = (maskColor.r * pow(2,24)) + (maskColor.g * pow(2,16)) + (maskColor.b * pow(2,8)); float positionCompare = (positionColor.r * pow(2,24)) + (positionColor.g * pow(2,16)) + (positionColor.b * pow(2,8)); return positionCompare < maskCompare ? float4(0,0,0,0) : color; } technique Technique1 { pass NoEffect { PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 mask(); } } This isn't working, however - currently all characters are displayed behind the walk behind area, regardless of their Y value. I tried printing out some debug info by grabbing the pixel from both the Position Mask and the Walk Under Mask under the current mouse position, and it seems like maybe the colours aren't being rendered to the Position Mask correctly? When calculating the colour in that code above I'm getting R=0, G=2, B=88, A=255, but when I mouseover my character I get R=0, G=0, B=30, A=255. Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? It seems like maybe I'm losing some information when rendering to the RenderTarget2D, but I'm now knowledgeable enough to figure out what's happening. Also, I should probably ask, is this an efficient way to do this? Will there be a performance impact? Edit: Whoops, turns out there was a bug that I'd introduced myself, I was drawing out the Position Mask with the position Color, left over from some early testing I was doing. So this solution is working perfectly, though I'm still interested in whether this is an efficient solution performance wise.

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• Binding a select in a client template

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  I recently got a question on one of my client template posts asking me how to bind a select tag’s value to data in client templates. I was surprised not to find anything on the web addressing the problem, so I thought I’d write a short post about it. It really is very simple once you know where to look. You just need to bind the value property of the select tag, like this: <select sys:value="{binding color}"> If you do it from markup like here, you just need to use the sys: prefix. It just works. Here’s the full source code for my sample page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Binding a select tag</title> <script src=http://ajax.microsoft.com/ajax/beta/0911/Start.js type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> Sys.require(Sys.scripts.Templates, function() { var colors = [ "red", "green", "blue", "cyan", "purple", "yellow" ]; var things = [ { what: "object", color: "blue" }, { what: "entity", color: "purple" }, { what: "thing", color: "green" } ]; Sys.create.dataView("#thingList", { data: things, itemRendered: function(view, ctx) { Sys.create.dataView( Sys.get("#colorSelect", ctx), { data: colors }); } }); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> .sys-template {display: none;} </style> </head> <body xmlns:sys="javascript:Sys"> <div> <ul id="thingList" class="sys-template"> <li> <span sys:id="thingName" sys:style-color="{binding color}" >{{what}}</span> <select sys:id="colorSelect" sys:value="{binding color}" class="sys-template"> <option sys:value="{{$dataItem}}" sys:style-background-color="{{$dataItem}}" >{{$dataItem}}</option> </select> </li> </ul> </div> </body> </html> This produces the following page: Each of the items sees its color change as you select a different color in the drop-down. Other details worth noting in this page are the use of the script loader to get the framework from the CDN, and the sys:style-background-color syntax to bind the background color style property from markup. Of course, I’ve used a fair amount of custom ASP.NET Ajax markup in here, but everything could be done imperatively and with completely clean markup from the itemRendered event using Sys.bind.

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• No sound lenovo t60 alsa ad1981 iec958

  - by Nate

  Any help on getting the sound to come through my lenovo t60 build in speakers, headphones, or mic would greatly be appreciated. The three buttons to increase, decrease sound seem to work. Bios has sound card enabled and the buttons beep when pressed. When going to Utube or playing music, no sound is heard. Thanks Nate Feb 23 - Didn't see anything specific in the sys logs with Rhythmbox when connecting my ipod. Rhythmbox is playing, but still no sound. Here is the syslog details for today. Output is set to analog output. Feb 23 17:42:32 itgis01398 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="4.2.0" x-pid="824" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed, type 'lightweight'. Feb 23 17:42:33 itgis01398 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="4.2.0" x-pid="824" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed, type 'lightweight'. Feb 23 17:42:49 itgis01398 anacron[968]: Job `cron.daily' terminated Feb 23 17:42:49 itgis01398 anacron[968]: Job `cron.weekly' started Feb 23 17:42:49 itgis01398 anacron[12067]: Updated timestamp for job `cron.weekly' to 2011-02-23 Feb 23 17:42:53 itgis01398 anacron[968]: Job `cron.weekly' terminated Feb 23 17:42:53 itgis01398 anacron[968]: Normal exit (2 jobs run) Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.324067] usb 1-5: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.482879] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.483061] usb-storage 1-5:1.0: Quirks match for vid 05ac pid 1205: 10 Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.483116] scsi6 : usb-storage 1-5:1.0 Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.483306] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage Feb 23 18:01:19 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2731.483310] USB Mass Storage support registered. Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.481116] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Apple iPod 1.62 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.482466] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.485095] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.485110] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 7999487 512-byte logical blocks: (4.09 GB/3.81 GiB) Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.487933] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.487941] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 64 00 00 08 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.487947] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.489927] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.491150] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.491163] sdb: sdb1 sdb2 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.510428] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.511288] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through Feb 23 18:01:20 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2732.511297] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk Feb 23 18:01:21 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2733.746675] FAT: invalid media value (0x2f) Feb 23 18:01:21 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2733.746682] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. Feb 23 18:01:22 itgis01398 upstart-udev-bridge[330]: Env must be KEY=VALUE pairs Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115826] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115835] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115844] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115855] Info fld=0x0 Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115859] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115870] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 08 fd e9 00 00 f0 00 Feb 23 18:02:07 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2780.115892] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 589289 Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351464] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351473] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351482] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351493] Info fld=0x0 Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351497] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: No additional sense information Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351507] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 08 fe d9 00 00 10 00 Feb 23 18:02:49 itgis01398 kernel: [ 2821.351530] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 589529 Feb 23 18:17:01 itgis01398 CRON[12709]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) volume is all of the way up.

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• Exploring TCP throughput with DTrace

  - by user12820842

  One key measure to use when assessing TCP throughput is assessing the amount of unacknowledged data in the pipe. This is sometimes termed the Bandwidth Delay Product (BDP) (note that BDP is often used more generally as the product of the link capacity and the end-to-end delay). In DTrace terms, the amount of unacknowledged data in bytes for the connection is the different between the next sequence number to send and the lowest unacknoweldged sequence number (tcps_snxt - tcps_suna). According to the theory, when the number of unacknowledged bytes for the connection is less than the receive window of the peer, the path bandwidth is the limiting factor for throughput. In other words, if we can fill the pipe without the peer TCP complaining (by virtue of its window size reaching 0), we are purely bandwidth-limited. If the peer's receive window is too small however, the sending TCP has to wait for acknowledgements before it can send more data. In this case the round-trip time (RTT) limits throughput. In such cases the effective throughput limit is the window size divided by the RTT, e.g. if the window size is 64K and the RTT is 0.5sec, the throughput is 128K/s. So a neat way to visually determine if the receive window of clients may be too small should be to compare the distribution of BDP values for the server versus the client's advertised receive window. If the BDP distribution overlaps the send window distribution such that it is to the right (or lower down in DTrace since quantizations are displayed vertically), it indicates that the amount of unacknowledged data regularly exceeds the client's receive window, so that it is possible that the sender may have more data to send but is blocked by a zero-window on the client side. In the following example, we compare the distribution of BDP values to the receive window advertised by the receiver (10.175.96.92) for a large file download via http. # dtrace -s tcp_tput.d ^C BDP(bytes) 10.175.96.92 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count -1 | 0 0 | 6 1 | 0 2 | 0 4 | 0 8 | 0 16 | 0 32 | 0 64 | 0 128 | 0 256 | 3 512 | 0 1024 | 0 2048 | 9 4096 | 14 8192 | 27 16384 | 67 32768 |@@ 1464 65536 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 32396 131072 | 0 SWND(bytes) 10.175.96.92 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count 16384 | 0 32768 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 17067 65536 | 0 Here we have a puzzle. We can see that the receiver's advertised window is in the 32768-65535 range, while the amount of unacknowledged data in the pipe is largely in the 65536-131071 range. What's going on here? Surely in a case like this we should see zero-window events, since the amount of data in the pipe regularly exceeds the window size of the receiver. We can see that we don't see any zero-window events since the SWND distribution displays no 0 values - it stays within the 32768-65535 range. The explanation is straightforward enough. TCP Window scaling is in operation for this connection - the Window Scale TCP option is used on connection setup to allow a connection to advertise (and have advertised to it) a window greater than 65536 bytes. In this case the scaling shift is 1, so this explains why the SWND values are clustered in the 32768-65535 range rather than the 65536-131071 range - the SWND value needs to be multiplied by two since the reciever is also scaling its window by a shift factor of 1. Here's the simple script that compares BDP and SWND distributions, fixed to take account of window scaling. #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet tcp:::send / (args[4]-tcp_flags & (TH_SYN|TH_RST|TH_FIN)) == 0 / { @bdp["BDP(bytes)", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_sport] = quantize(args[3]-tcps_snxt - args[3]-tcps_suna); } tcp:::receive / (args[4]-tcp_flags & (TH_SYN|TH_RST|TH_FIN)) == 0 / { @swnd["SWND(bytes)", args[2]-ip_saddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = quantize((args[4]-tcp_window)*(1 tcps_snd_ws)); } And here's the fixed output. # dtrace -s tcp_tput_scaled.d ^C BDP(bytes) 10.175.96.92 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count -1 | 0 0 | 39 1 | 0 2 | 0 4 | 0 8 | 0 16 | 0 32 | 0 64 | 0 128 | 0 256 | 3 512 | 0 1024 | 0 2048 | 4 4096 | 9 8192 | 22 16384 | 37 32768 |@ 99 65536 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 3858 131072 | 0 SWND(bytes) 10.175.96.92 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count 512 | 0 1024 | 1 2048 | 0 4096 | 2 8192 | 4 16384 | 7 32768 | 14 65536 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 1956 131072 | 0

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• Overriding the Pager rendering in Orchard

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  The Pager shape that is used in Orchard to render pagination is one of those shapes that are built in code rather than in a Razor template. This can make it a little more confusing to override, but nothing is impossible. If we look at the Pager method in CoreShapes, here is what we see: [Shape] public IHtmlString Pager(dynamic Shape, dynamic Display) { Shape.Metadata.Alternates.Clear(); Shape.Metadata.Type = "Pager_Links"; return Display(Shape); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } The Shape attribute signals a shape method. All it does is remove all alternates that may exist and replace the type of the shape with “Pager_Links”. In turn, this shape method is rather large and complicated, but it renders as a set of smaller shapes: a List with a “pager” class, and under that Pager_First, Pager_Previous, Pager_Gap, for each page a Pager_Link or a Pager_Current, then Pager_Gap, Pager_Next and Pager_Last. Each of these shapes can be displayed or not depending on the properties of the pager. Each can also be overridden with a Razor template. This can be done by dropping a file into the Views folder of your theme. For example, if you want the current page to appear between square braces, you could drop this Pager-CurrentPage.cshtml into your views folder: <span>[@Model.Value]</span> This overrides the original shape method, which was this: [Shape] public IHtmlString Pager_CurrentPage(HtmlHelper Html, dynamic Display, object Value) { var tagBuilder = new TagBuilder("span"); tagBuilder.InnerHtml = Html.Encode(Value is string ? (string)Value : Display(Value)); return MvcHtmlString.Create(tagBuilder.ToString()); } And here is what it would look like: Now what if we want to completely hide the pager if there is only one page? Well, the easiest way to do that is to override the Pager shape by dropping the following into the Views folder of your theme: @{ if (Model.TotalItemCount > Model.PageSize) { Model.Metadata.Alternates.Clear(); Model.Metadata.Type = "Pager_Links"; @Display(Model) } } And that’s it. The code in this template just adds a check for the number of items to display (in a template, Model is the shape) and only displays the Pager_Links shape if it knows that there’s going to be more than one page.

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