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• Linux NFS create mask and force user equivalent

  - by Mike

  I have two Linux servers: fileserver Debian 5.0.3 (2.6.26-2-686) Samba version 3.4.2 apache Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (2.6.32-23-generic) Apache 2.2.14 I have a number of Samba shares on fileserver so that I can access files from Windows PCs. I am also exporting /data/www-data to the apache server, where I have it mounted as /var/www. The setup is okay, except for when I come to create files on the NFS mount. I end up with files that cannot be read by Apache, or which cannot be modified by other users on my system. With Samba, I can specify force user, force group, create mask and directory mask, and this ensures that all files are created with suitable permissions for my Apache web server. I can't find a way to do this with NFS. Is there a way to force permissions and ownership with NFS - am I missing something obvious? Although I've spent quite a bit of time with Linux, and am weaning myself off Windows, I still haven't quite got to grip with Linux permissions... If this is not the right way to do things, I am open to alternative suggestions.

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• What are the system requirements for each flavor of Ubuntu Desktop?

  - by Braiam

  I'm thinking about installing Ubuntu Desktop, but I don't know what flavor is the better for my system. What are the minimum and recommended hardware requirements? What kind of CPU? How much memory? Should I have Hardware Acceleration? What flavor should I use? This is an attempt of a canonical answer. My answers have the "official minimal requirements", the recommended are a mix of official sources and opinion based (along with the answer it's told the source). You can comment or edit if you feel that the information is obsolete or incomplete. Is a good rule of thumb that any system capable to run Windows Vista, 7, 8 x86 OS X will almost always be a lot faster with any Ubuntu flavor even if they are lower-spec than described below.

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• How to whitelist a user agent for nginx?

  - by djb

  I'm trying to figure out how to whitelist a user agent from my nginx conf. All other agents should be shown a password prompt. In my naivity, I tried to put the following in before deny all: if ($http_user_agent ~* SpecialAgent ) { allow; } but I'm told "allow" directive is not allowed here (!). How can I make it work? A chunk of my config file: server { server_name site.com; root /var/www/site; auth_basic "Restricted"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; allow 123.456.789.123; deny all; satisfy any; #other stuff... } Thanks for any help.

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• Monitoring User Login time

  - by beakersoft

  Hi, i have recently been given the task of trying to work out why the login time (not machine boot time) for some of our users seems slow. The vast majority of clients (95%) are running on XP sp3, Windows 2003 domain controlers. Most users have the same model of machine. I would like to be able to see how long each of the polices are taking to load (if possable split user and computer) and any other info that might help (services starting etc) I changed the userenvdebuglevel reg option to generate the userenv.log file but it did'nt contain very much info Thanks Luke

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• difference between server and desktop

  - by user1241438

  I want to set up a webserver. I would like to buy a hardware for that and i am trying to understand if i should buy a desktop and host the webserver on that or do i have to buy some used server from ebay and host on it. Example is http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=180986172861&ssPageName=ADME:X:RTQ:US:1123 But what is the difference in desktop and server? These days even desktops are coming with high RAM. Only other difference i see is servers have RAID HARD disk. Is there any other difference?

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• VNC unattended Server (No user Interaction)

  - by Louis van Tonder

  I worked on a proof on concept a while ago.... whereby I managed to get VNC going in full "unattended" mode... I.e. The VNC Server dials into the viewer... which is running in Listening mode. The same concept of how single click works, but without the user interaction. I cant seem to locate my source files for this concept I worked on... although I have found my shortcut that worked on the Viewer side to listen. "C:\Program Files\UltraVNC\vncviewer.exe" -listen 5007 /noauto /256colors I can not however remember/locate my demo of what the server is doing.... how to configure it. If I remember correctly, the server was also started with command line params that "dialed" into a remote IP/port, that the viewer is listening on. Any ideas? Thanks

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• Skype on Ubuntu 12.04 x64 - anyone has it installed?

  - by Zevaka

  I am wondering if there's anyone here who managed to use skype @ 12.04. It used to work (ever since i first tried Ubuntu 10.04) flawlessly, but after upgrade to 12.04 just doesn't start. If I start skype from terminal, it just says "Segmentation fault (core dumped). I tried to remove skype and installed it from different locations: Skype website (did not install at all, "package error") From official Ubuntu repository (doesn't start at all, segmentation fault) From repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner" (doesn't start at all, segmentation fault) Interesting thing: even if I remove / purge skype from the system, it still shows up in Unity menu (of course doesn't start). Any help here? Thanks!

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• how to install/compile CORSIKA/FLUKA for Ubuntu x32 12.04?

  - by Pantea Davoudifar

  I want to use some programs (CORSIKA/FLUKA) which are essentially designed for 32 bit systems. so I installed Ubuntu 12.04 32 bit on my system (Intel® Core™ i7-2700K CPU @ 3.50GHz × 8). Before this I had installed Ubuntu 9.10 (32-bit) on an older system and installed g77 from hardy repositories, compiled those programs without any problem. But this time when changing the repositories, g77 could not be installed even i removed all the things that i thought make this installation impossible, for example I need gcc-3.4 and removed all newer versions and tried to install them from hardy repositories. but the problem is that, whenever I have g77, corsika does not compile, and whenever I remove it, fluka does not compile, and also i received a error messages like this: crt1.o not found in /usr/bin/lb. In fact these .o files does not exist on my system user/bin/lb I have no directory lb there? I do not know how to link it? Or do i need to reinstall everything?

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• Which revision control system for single user

  - by G. Bach

  I'm looking to set up a revision control system with me as a single user. I'd like to have access (read and write) protected using SSL, little overhead, and preferrably a simple setup. I'm looking to do this on my own server, so I don't want to use the option of registering with some professional provider of such a service (I like having direct control over my data; also, I'd like to know how to set up something like that). As far as I'm aware, what kind of project I want to subject to revision control doesn't really matter, but just for completeness' sake, I'm planning on using this for Java project, some html/css/php stuff, and in the future possibly as a synchronizing tool for small data bases (ignore that later one if it doesn't fit in with the paradigm of revision control). My questions primarily arise from the fact that I only ever used Subversion from Eclipse, so I don't have thorough knowledge of what's out there, what fits better for which needs, etc. So far I've heard of Subversion, Git, Mercurial, but I'm open to any system that's widely used and well supported. My server is running Ubuntu 11.10. Which system should I choose, what are the advantages of the respective systems, and if you know of any particularly useful ones, are there tutorials regarding the setup of the system I should choose that you could recommend?

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• Tool/Program/Script/Formula for deciphering Active Directory Connection Strings for 3rd party user i

  - by I.T. Support

  We're using WSFTP, which has an Active Directory Integration module. To populate the user accounts you need to provide a connection string akin to: OU=Users,DC=domain,DC=com CN=Domain Users,OU=Users,DC=domain,DC=com Questions: Is there a Tool/Program/Script/Formula that allows me to decipher how these strings might look based on what I can see in Active Directory Users & Computers? Is there a proper/accepted name for these types of connection strings? I don't even know what to Google to get more information about how to format one properly How would I troubleshoot the connection string if I think it looks correctly formatted, but it isn't working? Thanks!

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• Spam mail through SMTP and user spoofing

  - by Josten Moore

  I have noticed that it's possible to telnet into a mailserver that I own and send spoofed messages to other clients. This only works for the domain that the mail server is regarding; I cannot do it for other domains. For example; lets say that I own example.com. If I telnet example.com 25 I can successfully send a message to another user without authentication: HELO local MAIL FROM: [email protected] RCPT TO: [email protected] DATA SUBJECT: Whatever this is spam Spam spam spam . I consider this a big problem; how do I secure this?

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• Zipping folder with absolute path without keeping tree of folders

  - by Preston

  I am attempting to use the zip -r command to zip a folder which includes two files. I need to pass the absolute path of the folder with two files (/path/to/my/files/), which is causing all of the folders to be zipped with it, where as I only need the last folder (files/) and its contents to be zipped, so that when the file is unzipped, there is only one folder and the two files within it. How can I modify the command to be able to pass the absolute paths in the arguments while keeping only the last folder?

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• Where is phpmyadmin installed when apt-get install is used

  - by dave

  Hello, Where is the phpmyadmin installed when apt-get install phpmyadmin. Thanks Dave

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• Where do I find details of Ubuntu Firefox "install" offers?

  - by Amanda

  When I visit some sites (so far Tweetdeck, Tumblr, Launchpad, Google Docs) in Firefox, I get a "Would you like install {whatever}" popup from Ubuntu. My options are only yes, "not now" and "don't ask me again." I don't see any way to get more information about these installations. I can't quite tell if they'd be browser plugins or regular applications (the Ubuntu icon suggests the latter) and I don't see any indication that I can get more information about one of these applications before I install it. I'm hesitant to click "yes" just to see what happens. What is going on here?

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• Exclamation 403 forbidden for cgi-bin/ and cannot protect site with password

  - by gasgdasdgasdg

  First problem i have is i am getting 403 forbidden error for cgi-bin/ I have created a new /var/www2/ i can access it fine. php runs fine. Second problem is I cannot password protect it. i first tried doing htpasswd, it asks for login but everytime i login it keeps asking for new one. its getting frustrating, i have tried all tricks. and doesn't seem to work. this is a virtual host config inside sites-available. httpd.conf is empty but i have apache2.conf Code: NameVirtualHost 12.12.12.12. <VirtualHost 12.12.12.12> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www2/ <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www2/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www2/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/var/www2/cgi-bin/"> AllowOverride Options Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined ServerSignature On Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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• How can I access old KMail emails after upgrading to Ubuntu 11.10?

  - by Gary Kleppe

  I initially installed Ubuntu 11.04 and used KMail for my email. All well and good. Then I upgraded to Ubuntu 11.10. Presumably an upgrade of KMail took place as part of this. Now KMail won't even run; when I try, it tells me "Failed to fetch the resource collection" and crashes. I don't mind switching to another email client, but I'd very much like to be able to recover all of the emails I have stored in KMail. Any suggestions on how to do this? Thanks for any help anyone can provide.

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• An Easy and Inexpensive Quad-Core System for Debian or Ubuntu GNU/Linux

  <b>Free Software Magazine:</b> "My son&#8217;s hand-me-down motherboard recently gave up the ghost, and I decided that was a good excuse for an upgrade. Shopping around, I found that multi-core CPUs were finally in my price range, so I decided to build him a quad-core system."

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• Apache Server Status page in port 8443

  - by batman

  I'm very new to apache. I tried to enable the server status page of apache. I added the status.conf and status.load to mods-enabled directory. I changed the config of apache2.conf to include all mods-enabled directory. This is the config of staus.conf: <IfModule mod_status.c> # # Allow server status reports generated by mod_status, # with the URL of http://servername/server-status # Uncomment and change the "192.0.2.0/24" to allow access from other hosts. # <Location /server-status> SetHandler server-status Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 ::1 # Allow from 192.0.2.0/24 </Location> # Keep track of extended status information for each request ExtendedStatus On # Determine if mod_status displays the first 63 characters of a request or # the last 63, assuming the request itself is greater than 63 chars. # Default: Off #SeeRequestTail On <IfModule mod_proxy.c> # Show Proxy LoadBalancer status in mod_status ProxyStatus On </IfModule> </IfModule> The default settings. I restarted my server. I'm redirecting all ports to 8443. Which in turn turns my requests to localhost:8443/server-status. Which does throw an 404 error. Are there any way to get around this? Thanks in advance.

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• Tool to test a user account and password (test login)

  - by TheCleaner

  Yeah, I can fire up a VM or remote into something and try the password...I know...but is there a tool or script that will simulate a login just enough to confirm or deny that the password is correct? Scenario: A server service account's password is "forgotten"...but we think we know what it is. I'd like to pass the credentials to something and have it kick back with "correct password" or "incorrect password". I even thought about a drive mapping script with that user account and password being passed to see if it mapped the drive successfully or not but got lost in the logic of making it work correctly...something like: -Script asks for username via msgbox -script asks for password via msgbox -script tries to map a drive to a common share that everyone has access to -script unmaps drive if successful -script returns popup msgbox stating "Correct Password" or else "Incorrect Password" Any help is appreciated...you'd think this would be a rare occurrence not requiring a tool to support it but...well....

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• How do I scan my windows partition for viruses from Ubuntu?

  - by Alvar

  I think I might have a virus on my windows partition and I want to scan it Ubuntu. Is this possible? I would like a program that is free. clamAV I tried clamAV but I couldn't find a setting for scaning my other partition that I have windows on, it scaned my Ubuntu disk and that was fine. Antivirus Within Windows I can't use my Windows partition since the virus make my laptop freeze every time I log in. And I don't want it to spread or make more damage than it might have done already.

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• critical swap nagios

  - by Toby Joiner

  I installed nagios a very long time ago, and have started trying to use it now. I am getting this error: Current Status: CRITICAL (for 231d 16h 52m 49s) Status Information: SWAP CRITICAL - 100% free (0 MB out of 0 MB) Performance Data: swap=0MB;0;0;0;0 Current Attempt: 4/4 (HARD state) Last Check Time: 01-09-2011 13:26:34 Check Type: ACTIVE Check Latency / Duration: 0.125 / 0.004 seconds Next Scheduled Check: 01-09-2011 13:31:34 Last State Change: 05-22-2010 21:36:47 Last Notification: 01-09-2011 13:01:42 (notification 5521) Is This Service Flapping? NO (0.00% state change) In Scheduled Downtime? NO Last Update: 01-09-2011 13:29:32 ( 0d 0h 0m 4s ago) Is this normal? Should I be concerned? If more info is needed please let me know.

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• How to fix Ubuntu 12.04.3 boot to black screen full of errors in white text, after upgrading on dell inspiron 1501

  - by Ibuntu

  I am running a Dell Inspiron 1501 I use Linux only. No Microsoft or Apple operating systems (or really anything closed-source). I've only been using Linux for a little over a year but I'm starting to gain a comfortable level of familiarity with the system and terminology. I've been having some issues with Quantel Quetzal and Raring Ringtail, especially with older hardware, so I opted to install Ubuntu 12.04.3 Precise Pangolin on the Inspiron 1501. I checked my MD5 sum after downloading my ISO and all was good. I have in fact used this iso/dvd to install Precise Pangolin successfully on a few other systems (some of which are even older than this laptop). Install goes fine. The wireless card doesn't work out of the box but this is a known issue which is fairly easy to fix. So, first thing I did was open up a terminal and run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade which, part way through, crashed (I assume lightdm and possibly X) and took me to a black screen filled with white lines of text that were either errors or just the ouputs of commands. The reason I say that is because I was unable to gleam any useful information from the output on the screen. I did take a picture however and will post a link. After that, every time I boot the system it goes right to that black screen posting all the error messages or output in white text. I never get a purple Ubuntu splash, so from what I can tell after reading this wiki article: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/BlankScreen That means that after the kernel is selected, it is unable to correctly implement the settings it needs. If the purple splash never shows, the frame buffer was never set correctly right? This leads me to believe that it could be a kernel issue? The wiki suggested to try and pinpoint the issue by rolling back kernels until I find one that works. Is this my best option? I think I'm going to give it a try anyways and will let everyone know if I am able to solve the issue this way. I have since done a few reinstalls and some trouble-shooting including a couple hours scouring the net for anyone with any kind of similar issue. Most of the issues I could find involved getting a black screen after login and none of them said anything about any information output on this black screen. My reinstalls have taught me that there is no issue updating, but as soon as I run sudo apt-get upgrade my system goes to the black screen and every time I boot it up it does the same thing. The only way to fix is by reinstall. I never get any ability to log in. After a hard power off to the laptop (because I cannot use ctrl+alt+del to reboot) when it boots again it goes to the grub boot menu and I can select between regular boot, recovery mode and the two memtest options. I never tried the memtest options but the other two both lead to the same black screen. Some people having a black/blank screen issue claim to have fixed it by using 12.10 or 13.04 but I believe they were having a different issue where they got a black/blank screen after logging in. I think I will still give these images a try, but mostly figured I would just wait another day or two for 13.10. Other things I figured I would try from the following three articles: After logging in, there's a black screen and my cursor, nothing else! in Ubuntu 12.10 Black Screen on Login After Upgrading to 12.04 I can't get to the login screen include opening a terminal using ctrl+alt+f1 and trying a variety of reseting unity, x settings, lightdm (or switching to gdm); but I doubt this will work or that I will even be able to access a terminal. I'm pretty sure the whole system is stuck after it loads the last line on the black screen. I will try these things and post more information when I have. Hopefully someone has an idea in the meantime and I will keep checking back trying to find a solution. Thank you. Here are 3 different pictures of the error message. I had to take with my phone: http://ubuntuone.com/album/0TBBkxmVajJIQQtoN9mVdN

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• Add entire 300 GB filesystem to Git Annex repository?

  - by Ryan Lester

  By default, I get an error that I have too many open files from the process. If I lift the limit manually, I get an error that I'm out of memory. For whatever reason, it seems that Git Annex in its current state is not optimised for this sort of task (adding thousands of files to a repository at once). As a possible solution, my next thought was to do something like: cd / find . -type d | git annex add --$NONRECURSIVELY find . -type f | git annex add # Need to add parent directories of each file first or adding files fails The problem with this solution is that there doesn't seem from the documentation to be a way to non-recursively add a directory in Git Annex. Is there something I'm missing or a workaround for this? If my proposed solution is a dead end, are there other ways that people have solved this problem?

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• How to route KVM virtual machine audio to Ubuntu 11.10 host using virt-manager?

  - by iGadget

  I've been using KVM in combination with Virt-Manager and Remmina at a fair success up until now. The issue I need to solve now is to get audio from a virtualized Windows XP and make it audible on the Ubuntu 11.10 host. Remmina / RDP works for 'simple' audio (system sounds and such), but when the source gets trickier (e.g. Flash audio), Remmina / RDP messes up. So I figured I'd just connect to the machine directly using Virt-Manager. Unfortunately, it seems that even though I have successfully configured the AC97 audio device on WinXP, it's unable to get it's output to the Ubuntu host. This is probably because Virt-Manager uses VNC (and AFAIK, VNC doesn't transport audio). Does anyone know if there is a solution to fix this? I've heard of Spice, but the installation required so much voodoo last time I checked, I figured I'd let that solution boil to maturity a little longer ;) But perhaps there are other options I haven't thought of yet (which don't require switching to VirtualBox / VMware)...

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• Echo 404 directly from nginx to improve performance

  - by user64204

  I am in charge of production servers serving static content for a website. Those servers are constantly being crawled by bots looking for potential exploits (which isn't that much of a problem security-wise because no application can be reached behind the web server) but generates thousands of 404 per day, sometimes per hour. I am looking into ways of blocking those requests but it's tricky (you want to make sure you don't block legitimate traffic and these bots are becoming more and more clever at looking like they're legit) and is going to take me a while to find an acceptable solution. In the meantime I would like to reduce the performance impact of serving those 404 pages. Indeed we're using nginx which by default is configured to serve it's 404 page from the disk (This can be changed using the error_page directive but in the end the 404 will either have to be served from disk or from another external source (e.g. upstream application which would be worst)) which isn't ideal. I ran a test with ab on my local machine with a basic configuration: in one case I echo a message directly from nginx so the disk isn't touched at all, in the other case I hit a missing page and nginx serves its 404 from disk. server { # [...] the default nginx stuff location / { } location /this_page_exists { echo "this page was found"; } } Here are the test results (my laptop has Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM + SSD in case you're wondering why they are so high): $ ab -n 500000 -c 1000 http://localhost/this_page_exists Requests per second: 25609.16 [#/sec] (mean) $ ab -n 500000 -c 1000 http://localhost/this_page_doesnt_exists Requests per second: 22905.72 [#/sec] (mean) As you can see, returning a value with echo is 11% ((25609-22905)÷22905×100) faster than serving the 404 page from disk. Accordingly I would like to echo a simple 404 Page not Found string from nginx. I tried many things so far but they all failed, essentially the idea was this: location / { try_files $uri @not_found; } location @not_found { echo "404 - Page not found"; } The problem is that as soon as the echo directive is used, the http response code is set to 200. I tried changing that by doing error_page 200 = 400 but that breaks the configuration. How can I serve a 404 page directly from nginx? (without hacking the source which may be might next step)

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