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• Performance Tuning a High-Load Apache Server

  - by futureal

  I am looking to understand some server performance problems I am seeing with a (for us) heavily loaded web server. The environment is as follows: Debian Lenny (all stable packages + patched to security updates) Apache 2.2.9 PHP 5.2.6 Amazon EC2 large instance The behavior we're seeing is that the web typically feels responsive, but with a slight delay to begin handling a request -- sometimes a fraction of a second, sometimes 2-3 seconds in our peak usage times. The actual load on the server is being reported as very high -- often 10.xx or 20.xx as reported by top. Further, running other things on the server during these times (even vi) is very slow, so the load is definitely up there. Oddly enough Apache remains very responsive, other than that initial delay. We have Apache configured as follows, using prefork: StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 And KeepAlive as: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 Looking at the server-status page, even at these times of heavy load we are rarely hitting the client cap, usually serving between 80-100 requests and many of those in the keepalive state. That tells me to rule out the initial request slowness as "waiting for a handler" but I may be wrong. Amazon's CloudWatch monitoring tells me that even when our OS is reporting a load of 15, our instance CPU utilization is between 75-80%. Example output from top: top - 15:47:06 up 31 days, 1:38, 8 users, load average: 11.46, 7.10, 6.56 Tasks: 221 total, 28 running, 193 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 66.9%us, 22.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 2.6%id, 3.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.7%si, 4.5%st Mem: 7871900k total, 7850624k used, 21276k free, 68728k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3750664k cached The majority of the processes look like: 24720 www-data 15 0 202m 26m 4412 S 9 0.3 0:02.97 apache2 24530 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4544 S 7 0.5 0:03.05 apache2 24846 www-data 15 0 209m 33m 4420 S 7 0.4 0:01.03 apache2 24083 www-data 15 0 211m 35m 4484 S 7 0.5 0:07.14 apache2 24615 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4404 S 7 0.5 0:02.89 apache2 Example output from vmstat at the same time as the above: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 8 0 0 215084 68908 3774864 0 0 154 228 5 7 32 12 42 9 6 21 0 198948 68936 3775740 0 0 676 2363 4022 1047 56 16 9 15 23 0 0 169460 68936 3776356 0 0 432 1372 3762 835 76 21 0 0 23 1 0 140412 68936 3776648 0 0 280 0 3157 827 70 25 0 0 20 1 0 115892 68936 3776792 0 0 188 8 2802 532 68 24 0 0 6 1 0 133368 68936 3777780 0 0 752 71 3501 878 67 29 0 1 0 1 0 146656 68944 3778064 0 0 308 2052 3312 850 38 17 19 24 2 0 0 202104 68952 3778140 0 0 28 90 2617 700 44 13 33 5 9 0 0 188960 68956 3778200 0 0 8 0 2226 475 59 17 6 2 3 0 0 166364 68956 3778252 0 0 0 21 2288 386 65 19 1 0 And finally, output from Apache's server-status: Server uptime: 31 days 2 hours 18 minutes 31 seconds Total accesses: 60102946 - Total Traffic: 974.5 GB CPU Usage: u209.62 s75.19 cu0 cs0 - .0106% CPU load 22.4 requests/sec - 380.3 kB/second - 17.0 kB/request 107 requests currently being processed, 6 idle workers C.KKKW..KWWKKWKW.KKKCKK..KKK.KKKK.KK._WK.K.K.KKKKK.K.R.KK..C.C.K K.C.K..WK_K..KKW_CK.WK..W.KKKWKCKCKW.W_KKKKK.KKWKKKW._KKK.CKK... KK_KWKKKWKCKCWKK.KKKCK.......................................... ................................................................ From my limited experience I draw the following conclusions/questions: We may be allowing far too many KeepAlive requests I do see some time spent waiting for IO in the vmstat although not consistently and not a lot (I think?) so I am not sure this is a big concern or not, I am less experienced with vmstat Also in vmstat, I see in some iterations a number of processes waiting to be served, which is what I am attributing the initial page load delay on our web server to, possibly erroneously We serve a mixture of static content (75% or higher) and script content, and the script content is often fairly processor intensive, so finding the right balance between the two is important; long term we want to move statics elsewhere to optimize both servers but our software is not ready for that today I am happy to provide additional information if anybody has any ideas, the other note is that this is a high-availability production installation so I am wary of making tweak after tweak, and is why I haven't played with things like the KeepAlive value myself yet.

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• bind9 DNS Ubuntu names pingible on server, but not on Windows Machines?

  - by leeand00

  I setup a DNS server today on Ubuntu, following this tutorial. My intent was to setup my network for dns-name resolving on the private LAN within a single zone (nothing fancy I just want name resolution). I've tested the setup on the DNS server machine itself, and I can ping all the machines listed in the configuration file. I've also configured the Windows Machines on my network, and for some reason they are incapable of pinging by names as was possible on the DNS Server itself. I've tried running nslookup on the Windows DNS clients and I receive and error mentioning the address of the DNS server. DNS forwarding works fine, I'm not having any trouble accessing the internet, the problem only lies within accessing names within the private LAN. Here are my configuration files: options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; forwarders { 8.8.8.8; 8.8.8.4; 74.242.0.12; //68.87.76.178; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.options zone "leerdomain.local" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/leerdomain.local.db"; notify no; }; zone "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; notify no; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.local Lookup: $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.leerdomain.local. admin.leerdomain.local. ( 2010011001 28800 3600 604800 38400 ); leerdomain.local. IN NS ns.leerdomain.local. ns IN A 192.168.2.9 asus IN A 192.168.2.254 www IN CNAME asus vaio IN A 192.168.2.253 iptouch IN A 192.168.2.252 toshiba IN A 192.168.2.251 gw IN A 192.168.2.1 TXT "Network Gateway" /etc/bind/zones/leerdomain.local.db (Validates fine with named-checkzone when validating zone leerdomain.local) Reverse Lookup: $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.leerdomain.local. admin.leerdomain.local. ( 201001101 28800 604800 604800 86400 ) IN NS ns.leerdomain.local. 1 IN PTR gw.leerdomain.local. 254 IN PTR asus.leerdomain.local. 253 IN PTR vaio.leerdomain.local. 252 IN PTR iptouch.leerdomain.local. 251 IN PTR toshiba.leerdomain.local. /etc/bind/zones/rev.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa *(Does not validate with named-checkzone when validating zone leerdomain.local gives an error of: zone leerdomain.local/IN: NS 'ns.leerdomain.local' has no address records (A or AAAA) zone leerdomain.local/IN: not loaded due to errors. * Despite not validating bind9 starts without errors in /var/log/syslog I've also configured a few of the windows machines on my network to have the static ip as specified in the lookup and reverse lookup config files. i.e. Using nslookup yields the following results: C:\Users\leeand00>nslookup ns Server: UnKnown Address: 192.168.2.9 *** UnKnown can't find ns: Non-existent domain C:\Users\leeand00>nslookup gw Server: UnKnown Address: 192.168.2.9 Name: gw. Additionally trying to ping by name also fails on machines that are not the DNS Server. Is there something wrong with my configuration of either the nameserver or the Windows Boxes that is keeping me from accessing other machines using names?

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• Windows can see Ubuntu Server printer, but can't print to it

  - by Mike

  I have an old desktop that I'm trying to set up as a home backup/print server. Backup was trivial, but am having issues getting the printing to work. The printer is connected to the server running Ubuntu Server 9.10 (no gui). If I access the printer via http://hostname:631/printers/, I am able to print a test page, so I know the printer is working; however, I am having no luck from Windows. Windows can see the printer when browsed via \hostname\, but I am unable to connect. Windows says "Windows cannot connect to the printer" without indicating why. Any suggestions? From /etc/samba/smb.conf: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP dns proxy = no security = user username map = /etc/samba/smbusers encrypt passwords = true passdb backend = tdbsam obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = yes passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes map to guest = bad user load printers = yes printing = cups printcap name = cups [printers] comment = All Printers browseable = no path = /var/spool/samba writable = no printable = yes guest ok = yes read only = yes create mask = 0700 [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = yes From /etc/cups/cupsd.conf: LogLevel warn SystemGroup lpadmin Port 631 Listen /var/run/cups/cups.sock Browsing On BrowseOrder allow,deny BrowseAllow all BrowseRemoteProtocols CUPS BrowseAddress @LOCAL BrowseLocalProtocols CUPS dnssd DefaultAuthType Basic <Location /> Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> <Location /admin> Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> <Location /admin/conf> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order allow,deny Allow all </Location> <Policy default> <Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job CUPS-Move-Job CUPS-Get-Document> Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default CUPS-Get-Devices> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer Enable-Printer Disable-Printer Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs CUPS-Reject-Jobs> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit CUPS-Authenticate-Job> Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit All> Order deny,allow </Limit> </Policy> <Policy authenticated> <Limit Create-Job Print-Job Print-URI> AuthType Default Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job Restart-Job Purge-Jobs Set-Job-Attributes Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription Cancel-Subscription Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job CUPS-Move-Job CUPS-Get-Document> AuthType Default Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit CUPS-Add-Modify-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Modify-Class CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Set-Default> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer Enable-Printer Disable-Printer Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs Release-Held-New-Jobs Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Accept-Jobs CUPS-Reject-Jobs> AuthType Default Require user @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job> AuthType Default Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM Order deny,allow </Limit> <Limit All> Order deny,allow </Limit> </Policy>

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• Nginx + PHP - No input file specified for 1 server block. Other server block works fine

  - by F21

  I am running Ubuntu Desktop 12.04 with nginx 1.2.6. PHP is PHP-FPM 5.4.9. This is the relevant part of my nginx.conf: http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { server_name testapp.com; root /www/app/www/; index index.php index.html index.htm; location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } server { listen 80 default_server; root /www index index.html index.php; location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } } Relevant bits from php-fpm.conf: ; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an ; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used. ; Note: you can prefix with '$prefix' to chroot to the pool prefix or one ; of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix ; will be used instead. ; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever ; possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot ; (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...). ; Default Value: not set ;chroot = ; Chdir to this directory at the start. ; Note: relative path can be used. ; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot chdir = /www In my hosts file, I redirect 2 domains: testapp.com and test.com to 127.0.0.1. My web files are all stored in /www. From the above settings, if I visit test.com/phpinfo.php and test.com/app/www, everything works as expected and I get output from PHP. However, if I visit testapp.com, I get the dreaded No input file specified. error. So, at this point, I pull out the log files and have a look: 2012/12/19 16:00:53 [error] 12183#0: *17 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Unable to open primary script: /www/app/www/index.php (No such file or directory)" while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: testapp.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "testapp.com" This baffles me because I have checked again and again and /www/app/www/index.php definitely exists! This is also validated by the fact that test.com/app/www/index.php works which means the file exists and the permissions are correct. Why is this happening and what are the root causes of things breaking for just the testapp.com v-host? Just an update to my investigation: I have commented out chroot and chdir in php-fpm.conf to narrow down the problem If I remove the location ~ \.php$ block for testapp.com, then nginx will send me a bin file which contains the PHP code. This means that on nginx's side, things are fine. The problem is that something must be mangling the file paths when passing it to PHP-FPM. Having said that, it is quite strange that the default_server v-host works fine because its root is /www, where as things just won't work for the testapp.com v-host because the root is /www/app/www.

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• 2 drives, slow software RAID1 (md)

  - by bart613

  Hello, I've got a server from hetzner.de (EQ4) with 2* SAMSUNG HD753LJ drives (750G 32MB cache). OS is CentOS 5 (x86_64). Drives are combined together into two RAID1 partitions: /dev/md0 which is 512MB big and has only /boot partitions /dev/md1 which is over 700GB big and is one big LVM which hosts other partitions Now, I've been running some benchmarks and it seems like even though exactly the same drives, speed differs a bit on each of them. # hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 25612 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12860.70 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 352 MB in 3.01 seconds = 116.80 MB/sec # hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 25524 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12815.99 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 342 MB in 3.01 seconds = 113.64 MB/sec Also, when I run eg. pgbench which is stressing IO quite heavily, I can see following from iostat output: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sdb 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.60 0.00 9692.80 18.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 4.80 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.00 0.00 9688.00 18.31 24.51 49.91 1.81 95.92 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sdb 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 30.19 56.92 2.05 99.04 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sdb 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 28.77 62.15 1.96 99.00 And this is completely getting me confused. How come two exactly the same specced drives have such a difference in write speed (see util%)? I haven't really paid attention to those speeds before, so perhaps that something normal -- if someone could confirm I would be really grateful. Otherwise, if someone have seen such behavior again or knows what is causing such behavior I would really appreciate answer. I'll also add that both "smartctl -a" and "hdparm -I" output are exactly the same and are not indicating any hardware problems. The slower drive was changed already two times (to new ones). Also I asked to change the drives with places, and then sda were slower and sdb quicker (so the slow one was the same drive). SATA cables were changed two times already.

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• Samba with remote LDAP authentication doesn`t see users properly

  - by LucasBr

  I'm trying to setup a samba server authenticated by a remote LDAP server, and I'm having some problems that I can't figure how to solve. I was able to make an getent passwd at samba server and I could see all users at ldapserver, but when I tried to access \\SAMBASERVER at my windows box I had this at the /var/log/samba/log.mywindowsbox: <...snip...> [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449684, 2] smbd/sesssetup.c:1413(setup_new_vc_session) setup_new_vc_session: New VC == 0, if NT4.x compatible we would close all old resources. [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449692, 3] smbd/sesssetup.c:1212(reply_sesssetup_and_X_spnego) Doing spnego session setup [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449701, 3] smbd/sesssetup.c:1254(reply_sesssetup_and_X_spnego) NativeOS=[] NativeLanMan=[] PrimaryDomain=[] [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449717, 3] libsmb/ntlmssp.c:747(ntlmssp_server_auth) Got user=[lucas] domain=[BUSINESS] workstation=[MYWINDOWSBOX] len1=24 len2=24 [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449747, 3] auth/auth.c:216(check_ntlm_password) check_ntlm_password: Checking password for unmapped user [BUSINESS]\[lucas]@[MYWINDOWSBOX] with the new password interface [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449759, 3] auth/auth.c:219(check_ntlm_password) check_ntlm_password: mapped user is: [SAMBASERVER]\[lucas]@[MYWINDOWSBOX] [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449773, 3] smbd/sec_ctx.c:210(push_sec_ctx) push_sec_ctx(0, 0) : sec_ctx_stack_ndx = 1 [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449783, 3] smbd/uid.c:429(push_conn_ctx) push_conn_ctx(0) : conn_ctx_stack_ndx = 0 [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449791, 3] smbd/sec_ctx.c:310(set_sec_ctx) setting sec ctx (0, 0) - sec_ctx_stack_ndx = 1 [2012/10/19 13:05:22.449922, 2] lib/smbldap.c:950(smbldap_open_connection) smbldap_open_connection: connection opened [2012/10/19 13:05:23.001517, 3] lib/smbldap.c:1166(smbldap_connect_system) ldap_connect_system: successful connection to the LDAP server [2012/10/19 13:05:23.007713, 3] smbd/sec_ctx.c:418(pop_sec_ctx) pop_sec_ctx (0, 0) - sec_ctx_stack_ndx = 0 [2012/10/19 13:05:23.007733, 3] auth/auth_sam.c:399(check_sam_security) check_sam_security: Couldn't find user 'lucas' in passdb. [2012/10/19 13:05:23.007743, 2] auth/auth.c:314(check_ntlm_password) check_ntlm_password: Authentication for user [lucas] -> [lucas] FAILED with error NT_STATUS_NO_SUCH_USER [2012/10/19 13:05:23.007760, 3] smbd/error.c:80(error_packet_set) error packet at smbd/sesssetup.c(111) cmd=115 (SMBsesssetupX) NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE [2012/10/19 13:05:23.010469, 3] smbd/process.c:1489(process_smb) Transaction 3 of length 142 (0 toread) <...snip...> /etc/samba/smb.conf file follows: [global] dos charset = 850 unix charset = LOCALE workgroup = BUSINESS netbios name = SAMBASERVER bind interfaces only = true interfaces = lo eth0 eth1 smb ports = 139 hosts deny = All hosts allow = 192.168.78. 192.168.255. 127.0.0.1 10.149.122. 192.168.0. name resolve order = wins bcast hosts log level = 3 syslog = 0 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 100000 domain logons = No wins support = Yes wins proxy = No client ntlmv2 auth = Yes lanman auth = Yes ntlm auth = Yes dns proxy = Yes time server = Yes security = user encrypt passwords = Yes obey pam restrictions = Yes ldap password sync = Yes unix password sync = Yes passdb backend = ldapsam:"ldap://192.168.78.206" ldap ssl = off ldap admin dn = uid=root,ou=Users,dc=business,dc=intranet ldap suffix = ldap group suffix = ou=Groups ldap user suffix = ou=Users ldap machine suffix = ou=Computers ldap idmap suffix = ou=Idmap ldap delete dn = Yes add user script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-useradd -m "%u" delete user script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-userdel "%u" add group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupadd -p "%g" delete group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupdel "%g" add user to group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -m "%u" "%g" delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -x "%u" "%g" set primary group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g "%g" "%u" add machine script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-useradd -W -t5 "%u" idmap backend = ldap:"ldap://192.168.78.206" idmap uid = 16777216-33554431 idmap gid = 16777216-33554431 load printers = No printcap name = /dev/null map acl inherit = Yes map untrusted to domain = Yes enable privileges = Yes veto files = /lost+found/ /publicftp/ So, \\SAMBASERVER says he couldn't find my user, but I can see it by getent passwd . What I can do in order to SAMBASERVER see and authenticate my user? Thanks in advance!

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• Local DNS server (bind) and the router DHCP

  - by Luca

  I just set up an internal http server for internal use (I set up Redmine), in a small network (30 or so PCs). I set up the http server on a virtual box ubuntu, that runs also the DNS server (bind). In the DNS lookup I added the Redmine server name (redmine.engserver <- 192.168.1.14) and as forwarders the outside ISP DNS IP adresses. I am using a small wi-fi router (ASUS RT-N66U) as DHCP (and as gateway). In the DHCP config page I set up as DNS the ubuntu server IP (it is fixed 192.168.1.14). Now when I connect a new PC to the network, the DHCP router issues its new IP and as DNS servers it issues: primary: 192.168.1.14 (ubuntu machine) and seconary 192.168.1.1 (the router itself). ipconfig /all Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 248539109 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-15-AA-3F-D0-67-E5-49-A7-EF DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.14 192.168.1.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Before changing the DHCP setting on the router, I would always get only one DNS server: 192.168.1.1 (which uses probably DNS forwarding to external public DNS services). The problem is this: If in my browser I type www.google.com, it works all the time. If in the browser I type http://redmine.engserver/ it works most of the time, but sometimes it ends up with a yahoo page search or something else. In the DNS cache it shows as (Server not found). ipconfig /displaydns I looked with wireshark and it seems like sometimes the client PC interrogates the secondary DNS (192.168.1.1) instead of the first 192.168.1.14. Obviously this one is a public domain and it does not have the redmine.engserver entry. What is wrong in this configuration? Is it even legitimate to have 2 DNS (one internal and one forwarded by the router) which are inconsistent? Is there another way to have a local name service in a small office network? Why is the router DHCP issuing itself as DNS?

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• Starting MySQL database server: mysqld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . failed!

  - by meder

  I restarted my VPS box ( manually/hard restart ) and ever since, mysql fails to start for whatever reason. I did a tail /var/log/syslog and I get this: Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: ) ;InnoDB: End of page dump 575 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: 110220 11:49:33 InnoDB: Page checksum 1045788239, prior-to-4.0.14-form checksum 236985105 576 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: stored checksum 1178062585, prior-to-4.0.14-form stored checksum 236985105 577 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: Page lsn 0 10651, low 4 bytes of lsn at page end 10651 578 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: Page number (if stored to page already) 3, 579 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: space id (if created with >= MySQL-4.1.1 and stored already) 0 580 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: Database page corruption on disk or a failed 581 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: file read of page 3. 582 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: You may have to recover from a backup. 583 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: It is also possible that your operating 584 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: system has corrupted its own file cache 585 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: and rebooting your computer removes the 586 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: error. 587 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: If the corrupt page is an index page 588 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: you can also try to fix the corruption 589 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: by dumping, dropping, and reimporting 590 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: the corrupt table. You can use CHECK 591 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: TABLE to scan your table for corruption. 592 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: See also InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-recovery.html 593 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: about forcing recovery. 594 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld[11461]: InnoDB: Ending processing because of a corrupt database page. 595 Feb 20 11:49:33 kyrgyznews mysqld_safe[11469]: ended 596 Feb 20 11:49:47 kyrgyznews /etc/init.d/mysql[12228]: 0 processes alive and '/usr/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf ping' resulted in 597 Feb 20 11:49:47 kyrgyznews /etc/init.d/mysql[12228]: ^G/usr/bin/mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed 598 Feb 20 11:49:47 kyrgyznews /etc/init.d/mysql[12228]: error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)' 599 Feb 20 11:49:47 kyrgyznews /etc/init.d/mysql[12228]: Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' exists! 600 Feb 20 11:49:47 kyrgyznews /etc/init.d/mysql[12228]: 601 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld_safe[13437]: started 602 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not match 603 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles! 604 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: 110220 11:49:56 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally! 605 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: Starting crash recovery. 606 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files... 607 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite 608 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: buffer... 609 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: Database page corruption on disk or a failed 610 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: file read of page 3. 611 Feb 20 11:49:56 kyrgyznews mysqld[13440]: InnoDB: You may have to recover from a backup. I have looked at the page it referenced, http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html, but before messing with any settings I was wondering what experienced DBAs would suggest doing? Is there any harm in forcing the recovery? PS - I did not make any updates to mysql. Version is mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.51a, for debian-linux-gnu (i486) using readline 5.2.

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• IP address reuse on macvlan devices

  - by Alex Bubnoff

  I'm trying to create easy to use and possibly simple testing environment for some product and got some strange behaviour of macvlan's. What I'm trying to achieve: make a toolset for one-line start/stop of lxc containers(via docker) bound to external ip(I have enough of it on host machine). So, I'm doing something like this: docker run -d -name=container_name container_image pipework eth1 container_name ip/prefix_len@gateway and pipework here does this: GUEST_IFNAME=ph$NSPID$eth1 ip link add link eth1 dev $GUEST_IFNAME type macvlan mode bridge ip link set eth1 up ip link set $GUEST_IFNAME netns $NSPID ip netns exec $NSPID ip link set $GUEST_IFNAME name eth1 ip netns exec $NSPID ip addr add $IPADDR dev eth1 ip netns exec $NSPID ip route delete default ip netns exec $NSPID ip link set eth1 up ip netns exec $NSPID ip route replace default via $GATEWAY ip netns exec $NSPID arping -c 1 -A -I eth1 $IPADDR And it works for first time per IP. But for second time and later packets for containers IP isn't getting into container, while all configuration seem fine. So it looks like this: External machine ? ping 212.76.131.212 ....silence.... Host machine root@ubuntu:~# ip link show eth1 2: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:17:c9:e1:c9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff root@ubuntu:~# ip addr show eth1 2: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:17:c9:e1:c9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff root@ubuntu:~# tcpdump -v -i eth1 icmp tcpdump: WARNING: eth1: no IPv4 address assigned tcpdump: listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 00:00:46.542042 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 60, id 9623, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 5.134.221.98 212.76.131.212: ICMP echo request, id 6718, seq 2345, length 64 00:00:47.549969 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 60, id 9624, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 5.134.221.98 212.76.131.212: ICMP echo request, id 6718, seq 2346, length 64 00:00:48.558143 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 60, id 9625, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 5.134.221.98 212.76.131.212: ICMP echo request, id 6718, seq 2347, length 64 00:00:49.566319 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 60, id 9626, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 5.134.221.98 212.76.131.212: ICMP echo request, id 6718, seq 2348, length 64 00:00:50.573999 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 60, id 9627, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 5.134.221.98 212.76.131.212: ICMP echo request, id 6718, seq 2349, length 64 ^C 5 packets captured 5 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel 1 packet dropped by interface Host machine, netns of container root@ubuntu:~# ip netns exec 32053 ip link show eth1 48: eth1@if2: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether b2:12:f7:cc:a1:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff root@ubuntu:~# ip netns exec 32053 ip addr show eth1 48: eth1@if2: mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether b2:12:f7:cc:a1:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 212.76.131.212/29 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::b012:f7ff:fecc:a19d/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever root@ubuntu:~# ip netns exec 32053 tcpdump -v -i eth1 icmp tcpdump: listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes ....silence.... ^C 0 packets captured 0 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel So, can anyone say, what can it be? Can this be caused by not a bug in macvlan implementation? Is there any tools I can use to debug that configuration?

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• Puppet gives SSL error because master is not running?

  - by Daniel Huger

  I started with two clean machines this time. My master is running 12.04 Version: 2.7.11-1ubuntu2 Depends: ruby1.8, puppetmaster-common (= 2.7.11-1ubuntu2) My client is 10.04 Version: 2.6.3-0ubuntu1~lucid1 Depends: puppet-common (= 2.6.3-0ubuntu1~lucid1), ruby1.8 To setup Puppet tutorial: http://shapeshed.com/setting-up-puppet-on-ubuntu-10-04/ To connect master and client: http://shapeshed.com/connecting-clients-to-a-puppet-master/ The first time I tried to connect master to client failed with SSL_connect error. So I did rm -rf /etc/puppet/ssl/ to remove all the keys inside ssl folders. It looked like it work.... BUT client# puppet agent --server puppet --waitforce 60 --test /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/facter/util/resolution.rb:46: warning: Insecure world writable dir /etc/condor in PATH, mode 040777 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/puppet/defaults.rb:67: warning: Insecure world writable dir /etc/condor in PATH, mode 040777 info: Creating a new SSL key for giab10 warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Caching certificate for ca warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for mybox123 info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Caching certificate for mybox123 err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read server certificate B: certificate verify failed warning: Not using cache on failed catalog It cached but then it couldn't retrieve it. Let me stop here.... worrying I would mess something up. But let's check master's status. * master is not running WoW.... ??? master# service puppetmaster start * Starting puppet master [OK] master# service puppetmaster status * master is not running I think time is sync. Well, we are behind a firewall so the port to sync time is disbaled. I checked with date and they seem okay. What about master not running? Is that the cause? Any help is appreciated. Thanks! /var/lib/puppet/log/masterhttp.log [2012-06-30 00:13:25] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:13:25] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:13:25] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 00:19:40] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:19:40] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:19:40] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 00:28:58] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:28:58] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:28:58] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 15:31:25] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 15:31:25] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 15:31:25] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) 1 S puppet 5186 1 0 80 0 - 29410 poll_s 15:44 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ruby1.8 /usr/bin/puppet master --masterport=8140 4 S root 5235 5005 0 80 0 - 2344 pipe_w 15:45 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto puppet kill -9 5186 puppet master service puppetmaster status * master is not running I always have this error, but I always ignored it. http://pastebin.com/exbpArjv What could it mean? Time sync? Package not installed? Then how could we do puppetca in the first place?

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• dns server bind is not work

  - by milad

  I just installed bind on RHEL 6 and point a domain to that server. but actually when i ping domain it returns error 1214: Here is my named.conf: // // named.conf // // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only). // // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files. // options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query { any; }; recursion yes; dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-lookaside auto; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key"; zone "mydomain.com"{ type master; file "/var/named/data/named.mydomain.com"; allow-update { none; }; };` AND The content of "/var/named/data/named.mydomain.com": $TTL 38400 mydomain.com. IN SOA ns1.mydomain.com. milad.yahoo.com. ( 2012101201 ; serial number YYMMDDNN 28800 ; Refresh 7200 ; Retry 864000 ; Expire 38400 ; Min TTL ) mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 www IN A 1.2.3.4 ns1.mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 ns2.mydomain.com. IN A 1.2.3.4 mydomain.com. IN NS ns1.mydomain.com. mydomain.com. IN NS ns2.mydomain.com. AND i'm sure the named service is running: [root@server ~]# service named status version: 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3 CPUs found: 8 worker threads: 8 number of zones: 20 debug level: 0 xfers running: 0 xfers deferred: 0 soa queries in progress: 0 query logging is OFF recursive clients: 0/0/1000 tcp clients: 0/100 server is up and running named (pid 26299) is running... Thanks for your answers. i know that the ping is not the job of bind, i use it just to check whether domain is pointed to host or not.(ping is open in my server as i got reply in pinging ip) i use network-tools.com to ping domain. here the output of dig utility: dig mydomain.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6_3.3 <<>> mydomain.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 6806 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;mydomain.com. IN A ;; Query time: 321 msec ;; SERVER: 5.6.7.8#53(5.6.7.8)##note that 5.6.7.8 is my idc dns ip ;; WHEN: Sun Oct 14 23:53:47 2012

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• moving raid 10 to another identical server both on Smart Array 6i controllers

  - by SalimQrdl

  I have dead HP DL 380G4 with RAID 1+0 with 1 logical volume from 4x72GB drives on built-in Smart Array 6i 128Mb BBWC. It was shut down properly. It seems it was usual death for Proliant with ILO led 2,3,8 lighting. I want to move array to another identical server with same raid firmware level. What is the best strategy?: I have RAID 1+0 on bay 0 bay 1 bay 2 bay 3 As I understand bay0+bay1 are in RAID 1 , bay2+bay3 are in RAID 1, and both RAID 1 pairs are in RAID 0. So should I : Clear RAID config on new server, insert bay 0, bay 2 and power-on or Create RAID 1+0 with 1 logical volume from clear HDDs , and then poweroff ,remove HDDs and insert 2 HDDs(bay 0, bay 2) from old RAID 1+0. then power-on. (each hdd has its raid position info stored but may be could work on same config) According to documentation for Smart Array 6i it could be possible to migrate. however one requirement point is unclear for me Before you move drives, the following conditions must be met: • The array is in its original configuration. " What is orginal and non-original config for RAID 1+0? Another point "If you want to move an array to another controller, you must also consider the following additional limitations: • All drives in the array must be moved at the same time." I want to move one hdd from each RAID 1 pair. to have mirrors untouched just in case. Do they mean to move all 4 simultaniously? Smart Array 6i User Guide: Moving Drives and Arrays You can move drives to other ID positionson the same array controller. You can also move a complete arrayfrom one controller to another, even if the controllers are on different servers. Before you move drives, the following conditions must be met: • If moving thedrives to a different server, the new server must have enough empty bays to accommodate all the drives simultaneously. • The move will not result in more than 14 physical drives per controller channel. • No controller will be configured with more than 32 logical volumes. • The array has no failed or missing drives. • The array is in its original configuration. • The controller is not reading from or writing to any of the spare drives in the array. • The controller is not running capacity expansion, capacity extension, or RAID or stripe size migration. • The controller is using the latestfirmware version (recommended). If you want to move an array to another controller, you must also consider the following additional limitations: • All drives in the array must be moved at the same time. • In most cases, a moved array (and the logical drives that it contains) can still undergo arraycapacity expansion, logical drive capacity extension, or migration of RAID level orstripe size. When all the conditions have been met: Back up all data before removing any drives or changing configuration. This step is requiredif you are moving data-containing drives from a controller that does not have a battery-backed cache. Power down the system. If you are moving an array from a controller that contains a RAID ADG logical volume to a controller that does not support RAID ADG: Move the drives. Power up the system. If a 1724 POST message is displayed, drive positions were changed successfully and the configuration was updated. If a 1785 (NotConfigured)POST message is displayed: a. Power down the system immediately to prevent data loss. b. Return the drives to their original locations. c. Restore the data from backup, if necessary. Check the new drive configuration byrunning ORCA or ACU ("Configuring an Array" on page 9).

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• Multiple data centers and HTTP traffic: DNS Round Robin is the ONLY way to assure instant fail-over?

  - by vmiazzo

  Hi, Multiple A records pointing to the same domain seem to be used almost exclusively to implement DNS Round Robin as a cheap load balancing technique. The usual warning against DNS RR is that it is not good for high availability. When 1 IP goes down clients will continue to use it for minutes. A load balancer is often suggested as a better choice. Both claims are not completely true: When the traffic is HTTP then, most of the HTML browsers are able to automatically try the next A record if the previous is down, without a new DNS look-up. Read here chapter 3.1 and here. When multiple data centers are involved then, DNS RR is the only option to distribute traffic across them. So, is it true that, with multiple data centers and HTTP traffic, the use of DNS RR is the ONLY way to assure instant fail-over when one data center goes down? Thanks, Valentino Edit: Off course each data center has a local Load Balancer with hot spare. It's OK to sacrifice session affinity for an instant fail-over. AFAIK the only way for a DNS to suggest a data center instead of another is to reply with just the IP (or IPs) associated to that data center. If the data center becomes unreachable then all those IP are also unreachables. This means that, even if smart HTML browsers are able to instantly try another A record , all the attempts will fail until the local cache entry expires and a new DNS lookup is done, fetching the new working IPs (I assume DNS automatically suggests to a new data center when one fail). So, "smart DNS" cannot assure instant fail-over. Conversely a DNS round-robin permits it. When one data center fail, the smart HTML browsers (most of them) instantly try the other cached A records jumping to another (working) data center. So, DNS round-robin doesn't assure session affinity or the lowest RTT but seems to be the only way to assure instant fail-over when the clients are "smart" HTML browsers. Edit 2: Some people suggest TCP Anycast as a definitive solution. In this paper (chapter 6) is explained that Anycast fail-over is related to BGP convergence. For this reason Anycast can employ from 15 minutes to 20 seconds to complete. 20 seconds are possible on networks where the topology was optimized for this. Probably just CDN operators can grant such fast fail-overs. Edit 3:* I did some DNS look-ups and traceroutes (maybe some expert can double check) and: The only CDN using TCP Anycast seems to be CacheFly, other operators like CDN networks and BitGravity use CacheFly. Seems that their edges cannot be used as reverse proxies. Therefore, they cannot be used to grant instant failover. Akamai and LimeLight seems to use geo-aware DNS. But! They return multiple A records. From traceroutes seems that the returned IPs are on the same data center. So, I'm puzzled on how they can offer a 100% SLA when one data center goes down.

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• Slow disk transfer rate

  - by Nooklez

  I have problem with slow disk transfer rate. It's static files server for our website. I was making backup of data and noticed that tar is very slow. So I did hdparm -t and... hdparm -t /dev/sda3 /dev/sda3: Timing buffered disk reads: 6 MB in 4.70 seconds = 1.28 MB/sec It's low traffic hour now on our site, so huge I/O traffic is not a reason (iotop show less than 1 MB/s). It's RAID10 setup (2x2 SATA drives). Unit UnitType Status %RCmpl %V/I/M Stripe Size(GB) Cache AVrfy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ u0 RAID-10 OK - - 64K 1396.96 W ON VPort Status Unit Size Type Phy Encl-Slot Model ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ p0 OK u0 698.63 GB SATA 0 - WDC WD7500AADS-00M2 p1 OK u0 698.63 GB SATA 1 - WDC WD7500AADS-00M2 p2 OK u0 698.63 GB SATA 2 - WDC WD7500AADS-00M2 p3 OK u0 698.63 GB SATA 3 - WDC WD7500AADS-00M2 We have recently changed almost all components of server (excluding 3ware controller + disks). And I think problems started since then. Can it be configuration problem or hardware? EDIT: I found something like that in dmesg [166843.625843] irq 16: nobody cared (try booting with the "irqpoll" option) [166843.625846] Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 3.1.5-gentoo #3 [166843.625847] Call Trace: [166843.625848] <IRQ> [<ffffffff810859d5>] __report_bad_irq+0x35/0xc1 [166843.625856] [<ffffffff81085cec>] note_interrupt+0x165/0x1e1 [166843.625859] [<ffffffff8108445f>] handle_irq_event_percpu+0x16f/0x187 [166843.625861] [<ffffffff810844a9>] handle_irq_event+0x32/0x51 [166843.625863] [<ffffffff8108640b>] handle_fasteoi_irq+0x75/0x99 [166843.625866] [<ffffffff810039d7>] handle_irq+0x83/0x8b [166843.625868] [<ffffffff810036ad>] do_IRQ+0x48/0xa0 [166843.625871] [<ffffffff8155082b>] common_interrupt+0x6b/0x6b [166843.625872] <EOI> [<ffffffff812981e8>] ? acpi_safe_halt+0x22/0x35 [166843.625877] [<ffffffff812981e2>] ? acpi_safe_halt+0x1c/0x35 [166843.625879] [<ffffffff81298216>] acpi_idle_do_entry+0x1b/0x2b [166843.625881] [<ffffffff81298276>] acpi_idle_enter_c1+0x50/0x99 [166843.625884] [<ffffffff813b792a>] cpuidle_idle_call+0xed/0x171 [166843.625886] [<ffffffff81001257>] cpu_idle+0x55/0x81 [166843.625888] [<ffffffff81532a69>] rest_init+0x6d/0x6f [166843.625891] [<ffffffff81aa1aca>] start_kernel+0x329/0x334 [166843.625893] [<ffffffff81aa12a6>] x86_64_start_reservations+0xb6/0xba [166843.625894] [<ffffffff81aa139c>] x86_64_start_kernel+0xf2/0xf9 [166843.625896] handlers: [166843.625898] [<ffffffff812dc8de>] twl_interrupt [166843.625900] Disabling IRQ #16 It's related to problem? EDIT #2: Based on feedback in comments, here is more informations. cat /proc/interrupts 16: 390813 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi 3w-sas Controller model: [ 1.095350] 3ware Storage Controller device driver for Linux v1.26.02.003. [ 1.095467] 3ware 9000 Storage Controller device driver for Linux v2.26.02.014. [ 1.095641] LSI 3ware SAS/SATA-RAID Controller device driver for Linux v3.26.02.000. [ 1.095787] 3w-sas 0000:01:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 16 [ 1.095881] 3w-sas 0000:01:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 1.910801] 3w-sas: scsi0: Found an LSI 3ware 9750-4i Controller at 0xfe560000, IRQ: 16. [ 2.216537] 3w-sas: scsi0: Firmware FH9X 5.08.00.008, BIOS BE9X 5.07.00.011, Phys: 8. [ 2.216836] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access LSI 9750-4i DISK 5.08 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 And motherboard: description: Motherboard product: P8H67-M vendor: ASUSTeK Computer INC.

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• Severe mysqldump performance degradation using Centos Linux, 8GB PAE and MySQL 5.0.77

  - by Duncan Harris

  We use MySQL 5.0.77 on CentOS 5.5 on VMWare: Linux dev.ic.soschildrensvillages.org.uk 2.6.18-194.11.4.el5PAE #1 SMP Tue Sep 21 05:48:23 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux We have recently upgraded from 4GB RAM to 8GB. When we did this the time of our mysqldump overnight backup jumped from under 10 minutes to over 2 hours. It also caused unresponsiveness on our plone based web site due to database load. The dump is using the optimized mysqldump format and is spooled directly through a socket to another server. Any ideas on what we could do to fix gratefully appreciated. Would a MySQL upgrade help? Anything we can do to MySQL config? Anything we can do to Linux config? Or do we have to add another server or go to 64-bit? We ran a previous (non-virtual) server on 6GB PAE and didn't notice a similar issue. This was on same MySQL version, but Centos 4.4. Server config file: [mysqld] port=3307 socket=/tmp/mysql_live.sock wait_timeout=31536000 interactive_timeout=31536000 datadir=/var/mysql/live/data user=mysql max_connections = 200 max_allowed_packet = 64M table_cache = 2048 binlog_cache_size = 128K max_heap_table_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M lower_case_table_names = 1 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G innodb_log_file_size=300M innodb_log_buffer_size=8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 innodb_file_per_table [mysqldump] # Do not buffer the whole result set in memory before writing it to # file. Required for dumping very large tables quick max_allowed_packet = 64M [mysqld_safe] # Increase the amount of open files allowed per process. Warning: Make # sure you have set the global system limit high enough! The high value # is required for a large number of opened tables open-files-limit = 8192 Server variables: mysql> show variables; +---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | auto_increment_increment | 1 | | auto_increment_offset | 1 | | automatic_sp_privileges | ON | | back_log | 50 | | basedir | /usr/local/mysql-5.0.77-linux-i686-glibc23/ | | binlog_cache_size | 131072 | | bulk_insert_buffer_size | 8388608 | | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.0.77-linux-i686-glibc23/share/mysql/charsets/ | | collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci | | completion_type | 0 | | concurrent_insert | 1 | | connect_timeout | 10 | | datadir | /var/mysql/live/data/ | | date_format | %Y-%m-%d | | datetime_format | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s | | default_week_format | 0 | | delay_key_write | ON | | delayed_insert_limit | 100 | | delayed_insert_timeout | 300 | | delayed_queue_size | 1000 | | div_precision_increment | 4 | | keep_files_on_create | OFF | | engine_condition_pushdown | OFF | | expire_logs_days | 0 | | flush | OFF | | flush_time | 0 | | ft_boolean_syntax | + -><()~*:""&| | | ft_max_word_len | 84 | | ft_min_word_len | 4 | | ft_query_expansion_limit | 20 | | ft_stopword_file | (built-in) | | group_concat_max_len | 1024 | | have_archive | YES | | have_bdb | NO | | have_blackhole_engine | YES | | have_compress | YES | | have_crypt | YES | | have_csv | YES | | have_dynamic_loading | YES | | have_example_engine | NO | | have_federated_engine | YES | | have_geometry | YES | | have_innodb | YES | | have_isam | NO | | have_merge_engine | YES | | have_ndbcluster | DISABLED | | have_openssl | DISABLED | | have_ssl | DISABLED | | have_query_cache | YES | | have_raid | NO | | have_rtree_keys | YES | | have_symlink | YES | | hostname | app.ic.soschildrensvillages.org.uk | | init_connect | | | init_file | | | init_slave | | | innodb_additional_mem_pool_size | 1048576 | | innodb_autoextend_increment | 8 | | innodb_buffer_pool_awe_mem_mb | 0 | | innodb_buffer_pool_size | 1073741824 | | innodb_checksums | ON | | innodb_commit_concurrency | 0 | | innodb_concurrency_tickets | 500 | | innodb_data_file_path | ibdata1:10M:autoextend | | innodb_data_home_dir | | | innodb_adaptive_hash_index | ON | | innodb_doublewrite | ON | | innodb_fast_shutdown | 1 | | innodb_file_io_threads | 4 | | innodb_file_per_table | ON | | innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1 | | innodb_flush_method | | | innodb_force_recovery | 0 | | innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50 | | innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog | OFF | | innodb_log_arch_dir | | | innodb_log_archive | OFF | | innodb_log_buffer_size | 8388608 | | innodb_log_file_size | 314572800 | | innodb_log_files_in_group | 2 | | innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ | | innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct | 90 | | innodb_max_purge_lag | 0 | | innodb_mirrored_log_groups | 1 | | innodb_open_files | 300 | | innodb_rollback_on_timeout | OFF | | innodb_support_xa | ON | | innodb_sync_spin_loops | 20 | | innodb_table_locks | ON | | innodb_thread_concurrency | 8 | | innodb_thread_sleep_delay | 10000 | | interactive_timeout | 31536000 | | join_buffer_size | 2097152 | | key_buffer_size | 8384512 | | key_cache_age_threshold | 300 | | key_cache_block_size | 1024 | | key_cache_division_limit | 100 | | language | /usr/local/mysql-5.0.77-linux-i686-glibc23/share/mysql/english/ | | large_files_support | ON | | large_page_size | 0 | | large_pages | OFF | | lc_time_names | en_US | | license | GPL | | local_infile | ON | | locked_in_memory | OFF | | log | OFF | | log_bin | OFF | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_error | | | log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF | | log_slave_updates | OFF | | log_slow_queries | OFF | | log_warnings | 1 | | long_query_time | 10 | | low_priority_updates | OFF | | lower_case_file_system | OFF | | lower_case_table_names | 1 | | max_allowed_packet | 67108864 | | max_binlog_cache_size | 4294963200 | | max_binlog_size | 1073741824 | | max_connect_errors | 10 | | max_connections | 200 | | max_delayed_threads | 20 | | max_error_count | 64 | | max_heap_table_size | 33554432 | | max_insert_delayed_threads | 20 | | max_join_size | 18446744073709551615 | | max_length_for_sort_data | 1024 | | max_prepared_stmt_count | 16382 | | max_relay_log_size | 0 | | max_seeks_for_key | 4294967295 | | max_sort_length | 1024 | | max_sp_recursion_depth | 0 | | max_tmp_tables | 32 | | max_user_connections | 0 | | max_write_lock_count | 4294967295 | | multi_range_count | 256 | | myisam_data_pointer_size | 6 | | myisam_max_sort_file_size | 2146435072 | | myisam_recover_options | OFF | | myisam_repair_threads | 1 | | myisam_sort_buffer_size | 8388608 | | myisam_stats_method | nulls_unequal | | ndb_autoincrement_prefetch_sz | 1 | | ndb_force_send | ON | | ndb_use_exact_count | ON | | ndb_use_transactions | ON | | ndb_cache_check_time | 0 | | ndb_connectstring | | | net_buffer_length | 16384 | | net_read_timeout | 30 | | net_retry_count | 10 | | net_write_timeout | 60 | | new | OFF | | old_passwords | OFF | | open_files_limit | 8192 | | optimizer_prune_level | 1 | | optimizer_search_depth | 62 | | pid_file | /var/mysql/live/mysqld.pid | | plugin_dir | | | port | 3307 | | preload_buffer_size | 32768 | | profiling | OFF | | profiling_history_size | 15 | | protocol_version | 10 | | query_alloc_block_size | 8192 | | query_cache_limit | 1048576 | | query_cache_min_res_unit | 4096 | | query_cache_size | 0 | | query_cache_type | ON | | query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF | | query_prealloc_size | 8192 | | range_alloc_block_size | 4096 | | read_buffer_size | 131072 | | read_only | OFF | | read_rnd_buffer_size | 262144 | | relay_log | | | relay_log_index | | | relay_log_info_file | relay-log.info | | relay_log_purge | ON | | relay_log_space_limit | 0 | | rpl_recovery_rank | 0 | | secure_auth | OFF | | secure_file_priv | | | server_id | 0 | | skip_external_locking | ON | | skip_networking | OFF | | skip_show_database | OFF | | slave_compressed_protocol | OFF | | slave_load_tmpdir | /tmp/ | | slave_net_timeout | 3600 | | slave_skip_errors | OFF | | slave_transaction_retries | 10 | | slow_launch_time | 2 | | socket | /tmp/mysql_live.sock | | sort_buffer_size | 2097152 | | sql_big_selects | ON | | sql_mode | | | sql_notes | ON | | sql_warnings | OFF | | ssl_ca | | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | | | storage_engine | MyISAM | | sync_binlog | 0 | | sync_frm | ON | | system_time_zone | GMT | | table_cache | 2048 | | table_lock_wait_timeout | 50 | | table_type | MyISAM | | thread_cache_size | 0 | | thread_stack | 196608 | | time_format | %H:%i:%s | | time_zone | SYSTEM | | timed_mutexes | OFF | | tmp_table_size | 33554432 | | tmpdir | /tmp/ | | transaction_alloc_block_size | 8192 | | transaction_prealloc_size | 4096 | | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | | updatable_views_with_limit | YES | | version | 5.0.77 | | version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) | | version_compile_machine | i686 | | version_compile_os | pc-linux-gnu | | wait_timeout | 31536000 | +---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+ 237 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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• Connection Timed Out - Simple outbound Postfix for PHP Contact form

  - by BLaZuRE

  Alright, so I only got Postfix for a PHP contact form that will send email to a single . I only want it to send out mail to a single external address ([email protected]). I have domain sub1.sub2.domain.com. I installed Postfix out of the Ubuntu repo, with minimal config changes. I cannot get Postfix to send mail externally (though it succeeds for internal accounts, which is unnecessary). The email simply defers if I generate an email using PHP mail(). If I try to form my own in telnet, right after rcpt to: [email][email protected][/email], I get a postfix/smtpd[31606]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: example.com; from=<root@localhost> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<localhost> when commenting out default_transport = error and relay_transport = error lines, I get the following: Jun 26 14:33:00 sub1 postfix/smtp[12191]: 2DA06F88206A: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=514, delays=409/0.01/105/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to aspmx3.googlemail.com[74.125.127.27]:25: Connection timed out) Jun 26 14:36:36 sub1 postfix/smtp[12225]: connect to mta7.am0.yahoodns.net[98.139.175.224]:25: Connection timed out Jun 26 14:38:00 sub1 postfix/smtp[12225]: 22952F88208E: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=655, delays=550/0.01/105/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to mta5.am0.yahoodns.net[67.195.168.230]:25: Connection timed out) My main.cf # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = sub1.sub2.domain.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = sub1.sub2.domain.com, localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all default_transport = error relay_transport = error Also, a dig sub1.sub2.domain.com MX returns: ; <<>> DiG 9.7.0-P1 <<>> sub1.sub2.domain.com MX ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4853 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;sub1.sub2.domain.com. IN MX ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: sub2.domain.com. 600 IN SOA sub2.domain.com. sub5.domain.com. 2012062915 7200 600 1209600 600 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: x.x.x.x#53(x.x.x.x) ;; WHEN: Fri Jun 29 16:35:00 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 84 lsof -i returns empty netstat -t -a | grep LISTEN returns tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:netbios-ssn [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:www [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 [::]:microsoft-ds [::]:* LISTEN

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• IMAPSync Migration to Exchange 2010 SP1: Exchange drops connections while checking for existence of folders

  - by Benjamin Priestman

  I'm migrating from ZImbra Collaboration Suite to Exchange 2010 SP1. I'm testing IMAPSync as a possible migration tool and have hit a problem with the IMAP server in Exchange 2010. For each account it migrates, IMAPSync loops through the list of folders in the source mailbox and tests for the existence of each one in the destination mailbox. It then goes on to create those folders that do not exist and copy over the messages. It's the intial testing for the existence of the folders that is giving me a problem. The response given by the Exchange server when the folder does not yet exist is given as an error: "R=""16 NO IMAPSyncTest/8 doesn't exist."" After ten of these errors have been issued in succession, the Exchange server appears to stop responding to the IMAP session. Enabling protocol logging for IMAP confirms that the 10th request for a non-existant folder is the last request to be logged on the server. IMAPSync carries on merrily without seeming to realise its connection has gone and thus fails to create any folders. I've logged this with the tool's creator. Does anyone have any idea why Exchange is stopping responding to the connections though? The behaviour looks rather like throttling, although the 'ten strikes and you're out' trigger does not seem to correspond to any of the triggers on the ThrottlingPolicies. Just to check, I've tried creating a new ThrottlingPolicy, turned everything that I think might be relevant up to 11 and applied it to the my test mailbox. Policy settings are listed below, along with IMAP settings. Everything else should be pretty much as default. Throttling Policy RunspaceId : afa3159c-32a6-4906-986f-8adfbe50868b IsDefault : False AnonymousMaxConcurrency : 1 AnonymousPercentTimeInAD : AnonymousPercentTimeInCAS : AnonymousPercentTimeInMailboxRPC : EASMaxConcurrency : 10 EASPercentTimeInAD : EASPercentTimeInCAS : EASPercentTimeInMailboxRPC : EASMaxDevices : 10 EASMaxDeviceDeletesPerMonth : EWSMaxConcurrency : 10 EWSPercentTimeInAD : 50 EWSPercentTimeInCAS : 90 EWSPercentTimeInMailboxRPC : 60 EWSMaxSubscriptions : 5000 EWSFastSearchTimeoutInSeconds : 60 EWSFindCountLimit : 1000 IMAPMaxConcurrency : 1000 IMAPPercentTimeInAD : 400 IMAPPercentTimeInCAS : 400 IMAPPercentTimeInMailboxRPC : 400 OWAMaxConcurrency : 5 OWAPercentTimeInAD : 30 OWAPercentTimeInCAS : 150 OWAPercentTimeInMailboxRPC : 150 POPMaxConcurrency : 20 POPPercentTimeInAD : POPPercentTimeInCAS : POPPercentTimeInMailboxRPC : PowerShellMaxConcurrency : 18 PowerShellMaxTenantConcurrency : PowerShellMaxCmdlets : PowerShellMaxCmdletsTimePeriod : ExchangeMaxCmdlets : PowerShellMaxCmdletQueueDepth : PowerShellMaxDestructiveCmdlets : PowerShellMaxDestructiveCmdletsTimePeriod : RCAMaxConcurrency : 1000 RCAPercentTimeInAD : 400 RCAPercentTimeInCAS : 400 RCAPercentTimeInMailboxRPC : 400 CPAMaxConcurrency : 20 CPAPercentTimeInCAS : 205 CPAPercentTimeInMailboxRPC : 200 MessageRateLimit : RecipientRateLimit : ForwardeeLimit : CPUStartPercent : 75 AdminDisplayName : ExchangeVersion : 0.10 (14.0.100.0) Name : TestMigrationThrottling DistinguishedName : CN=TestMigrationThrottling,CN=Global Settings,CN=Our Company,CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=cimex,DC=com Identity : TestMigrationThrottling Guid : 240049b3-2023-4df1-8edc-fbfc1fc80b87 ObjectCategory : domain.com/Configuration/Schema/ms-Exch-Throttling-Policy ObjectClass : {top, msExchGenericPolicy, msExchThrottlingPolicy} WhenChanged : 21/04/2011 18:48:19 WhenCreated : 21/04/2011 18:07:20 WhenChangedUTC : 21/04/2011 17:48:19 WhenCreatedUTC : 21/04/2011 17:07:20 OrganizationId : OriginatingServer : a-domain-controller IsValid : True IMAPSettings RunspaceId : afa3159c-32a6-4906-986f-8adfbe50868b ProtocolName : IMAP4 Name : 1 MaxCommandSize : 10240 ShowHiddenFoldersEnabled : False UnencryptedOrTLSBindings : {192.168.x.x:143} SSLBindings : {192.168.x.x:993} InternalConnectionSettings : {mail.office.domain.com:143:TLS, mail.office.domain.com:993:SSL} ExternalConnectionSettings : {mail.office.domain.com:143:TLS, mail.office.domain.com:993:SSL} X509CertificateName : mail.domain.com Banner : The Microsoft Exchange IMAP4 service is ready. LoginType : SecureLogin AuthenticatedConnectionTimeout : 00:30:00 PreAuthenticatedConnectionTimeout : 00:01:00 MaxConnections : 2147483647 MaxConnectionFromSingleIP : 2147483647 MaxConnectionsPerUser : 16 MessageRetrievalMimeFormat : BestBodyFormat ProxyTargetPort : 143 CalendarItemRetrievalOption : iCalendar OwaServerUrl : EnableExactRFC822Size : False LiveIdBasicAuthReplacement : False SuppressReadReceipt : False ProtocolLogEnabled : True EnforceCertificateErrors : False LogFileLocation : C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\V14\Logging\Imap4 LogFileRollOverSettings : Daily LogPerFileSizeQuota : 0 B (0 bytes) ExtendedProtectionPolicy : None EnableGSSAPIAndNTLMAuth : True Server : CMX-OFFICE-EX01 AdminDisplayName : ExchangeVersion : 0.10 (14.0.100.0) DistinguishedName : CN=1,CN=IMAP4,CN=Protocols,CN=EXCHANGE01,CN=Servers,CN=Exchange Administrative Group (FYDIBOHF23SPDLT),CN=Administrative Groups,CN=Our COmpany,CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=domain,DC=com Identity : EXCHANGE01\1 Guid : 48f9dc37-74c2-4fb0-a042-641f863f45f2 ObjectCategory : domain.com/Configuration/Schema/ms-Exch-Protocol-Cfg-IMAP-Server ObjectClass : {top, protocolCfg, protocolCfgIMAP, protocolCfgIMAPServer} WhenChanged : 21/04/2011 17:03:39 WhenCreated : 15/04/2011 13:51:58 WhenChangedUTC : 21/04/2011 16:03:39 WhenCreatedUTC : 15/04/2011 12:51:58 OrganizationId : OriginatingServer : a-domain-server IsValid : True

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• How to automate org-refile for multiple todo

  - by lawlist

  I'm looking to automate org-refile so that it will find all of the matches and re-file them to a specific location (but not archive). I found a fully automated method of archiving multiple todo, and I am hopeful to find or create (with some help) something similar to this awesome function (but for a different heading / location other than archiving): https://github.com/tonyday567/jwiegley-dot-emacs/blob/master/dot-org.el (defun org-archive-done-tasks () (interactive) (save-excursion (goto-char (point-min)) (while (re-search-forward "\* \\(None\\|Someday\\) " nil t) (if (save-restriction (save-excursion (org-narrow-to-subtree) (search-forward ":LOGBOOK:" nil t))) (forward-line) (org-archive-subtree) (goto-char (line-beginning-position)))))) I also found this (written by aculich), which is a step in the right direction, but still requires repeating the function manually: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7509463/how-to-move-a-subtree-to-another-subtree-in-org-mode-emacs ;; I also wanted a way for org-refile to refile easily to a subtree, so I wrote some code and generalized it so that it will set an arbitrary immediate target anywhere (not just in the same file). ;; Basic usage is to move somewhere in Tree B and type C-c C-x C-m to mark the target for refiling, then move to the entry in Tree A that you want to refile and type C-c C-w which will immediately refile into the target location you set in Tree B without prompting you, unless you called org-refile-immediate-target with a prefix arg C-u C-c C-x C-m. ;; Note that if you press C-c C-w in rapid succession to refile multiple entries it will preserve the order of your entries even if org-reverse-note-order is set to t, but you can turn it off to respect the setting of org-reverse-note-order with a double prefix arg C-u C-u C-c C-x C-m. (defvar org-refile-immediate nil "Refile immediately using `org-refile-immediate-target' instead of prompting.") (make-local-variable 'org-refile-immediate) (defvar org-refile-immediate-preserve-order t "If last command was also `org-refile' then preserve ordering.") (make-local-variable 'org-refile-immediate-preserve-order) (defvar org-refile-immediate-target nil) "Value uses the same format as an item in `org-refile-targets'." (make-local-variable 'org-refile-immediate-target) (defadvice org-refile (around org-immediate activate) (if (not org-refile-immediate) ad-do-it ;; if last command was `org-refile' then preserve ordering (let ((org-reverse-note-order (if (and org-refile-immediate-preserve-order (eq last-command 'org-refile)) nil org-reverse-note-order))) (ad-set-arg 2 (assoc org-refile-immediate-target (org-refile-get-targets))) (prog1 ad-do-it (setq this-command 'org-refile))))) (defadvice org-refile-cache-clear (after org-refile-history-clear activate) (setq org-refile-targets (default-value 'org-refile-targets)) (setq org-refile-immediate nil) (setq org-refile-immediate-target nil) (setq org-refile-history nil)) ;;;###autoload (defun org-refile-immediate-target (&optional arg) "Set current entry as `org-refile' target. Non-nil turns off `org-refile-immediate', otherwise `org-refile' will immediately refile without prompting for target using most recent entry in `org-refile-targets' that matches `org-refile-immediate-target' as the default." (interactive "P") (if (equal arg '(16)) (progn (setq org-refile-immediate-preserve-order (not org-refile-immediate-preserve-order)) (message "Order preserving is turned: %s" (if org-refile-immediate-preserve-order "on" "off"))) (setq org-refile-immediate (unless arg t)) (make-local-variable 'org-refile-targets) (let* ((components (org-heading-components)) (level (first components)) (heading (nth 4 components)) (string (substring-no-properties heading))) (add-to-list 'org-refile-targets (append (list (buffer-file-name)) (cons :regexp (format "^%s %s$" (make-string level ?*) string)))) (setq org-refile-immediate-target heading)))) (define-key org-mode-map "\C-c\C-x\C-m" 'org-refile-immediate-target) It sure would be helpful if aculich, or some other maven, could please create a variable similar to (setq org-archive-location "~/0.todo.org::* Archived Tasks") so users can specify the file and heading, which is already a part of the org-archive-subtree functionality. I'm doing a search and mark because I don't have the wherewithal to create something like org-archive-location for this setup. EDIT: One step closer -- almost home free . . . (defun lawlist-auto-refile () (interactive) (beginning-of-buffer) (re-search-forward "\* UNDATED") (org-refile-immediate-target) ;; cursor must be on a heading to work. (save-excursion (re-search-backward "\* UNDATED") ;; must be written in such a way so that sub-entries of * UNDATED are not searched; or else infinity loop. (while (re-search-backward "\* \\(None\\|Someday\\) " nil t) (org-refile) ) ) )

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• All client browsers repeatedly asking for NTLM authentication when running through local proxy server

  - by Marko

  All client browsers repeatedly asking for NTLM authentication when running through local proxy server. When pointing browsers through the local proxy to the internet, some but not all clients are being repeatedley prompted to authenticate to the proxy server. I have inspected the headers using firefox live headers as well as fiddler, and in all cases the authentication prompts happen when requesting SSL resources. an example of this would be as follows: GET http://gmail.google.com/mail/ HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave- flash, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms- xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */* Accept-Language: en-gb User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive Host: gmail.google.com GET http://gmail.google.com/mail/ HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave- flash, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms- xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */* Accept-Language: en-gb User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive Host: gmail.google.com Proxy-Authorization: NTLM TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB7IIogkACQAvAAAABwAHACgAAAAFASgKAAAAD1dJTlhQMUdGTEFHU0hJUDc= GET http://gmail.google.com/mail/ HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave- flash, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms- xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */* Accept-Language: en-gb User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive Proxy-Authorization: NTLM TlRMTVNTUAADA (more stuff goes here I cut it short) Host: gmail.google.com At this point the username and password prompt has appeared in the browser, it does not matter what is typed into this box, correct credentials, random nonsense the browser does not accept anything in this box it will continue to popup. If I press cancel, I sometimes get a http 407 error, but on other occasions I click cancel the website proceeds to download and show normally. This is repeatable with some clients running through my proxy server, but in other cases it does not happen at all. In the cases where a client computer works normally, the only difference I can see is that the 3rd request for SSL resource comes back with a 200 response, see below: CONNECT gmail.google.com:443 HTTP/1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; MALC) Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Length: 0 Host: gmail.google.com Pragma: no-cache Proxy-Authorization: NTLM TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAIAAAA A SSLv3-compatible ClientHello handshake was found. I have tried resetting user accounts as well as computer accounts in Active Directory. User accounts and passwords that are being used are correct and the passwords have been reset so they are not out of sync. I have removed the clients and even the proxy server from the domain, and rejoined them. I have installed a complete separate proxy server and get exactly the same problem when I point clients to a different proxy server on a different IP address.

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• Openvpn issue with linux

  - by catsy

  So I've tried to setup openvpn, I followed some guide but it's stuck att "initialization sequence completed" with no connection and I can't find any working solution... here's the log: $Sun Sep 23 19:14:32 2012 OpenVPN 2.1.0 i486-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Jul 20 2010 Enter Auth Username:pumpedup Enter Auth Password: Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled. See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 LZO compression initialized Sun Sep 23 19:14:37 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[163840-131072] S=[163840-131072] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194 Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194, sid=87a95723 a6d7b7f9 Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=NV/ST=NV/L=nVPN/O=nVpn/CN=nVpn_CA/[email protected] Sun Sep 23 19:14:38 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=NV/ST=NV/L=nVPN/O=nVpn/CN=server/[email protected] Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 WARNING: 'link-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='link-mtu 1542', remote='link-mtu 6042' Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 WARNING: 'tun-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='tun-mtu 1500', remote='tun-mtu 6000' Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Sun Sep 23 19:14:39 2012 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.162.102.162:1194 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,route 10.102.162.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.102.162.6 10.102.162.5' Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 ROUTE default_gateway=10.0.2.2 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.102.162.6 pointopoint 10.102.162.5 mtu 1500 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 192.162.102.162 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.0.2.2 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 /sbin/route add -net 10.102.162.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.102.162.5 Sun Sep 23 19:14:41 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed

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• Simple Cisco ASA 5505 config issue

  - by Ben Sebborn

  I have a Cisco ASA setup with two interfaces: inside: 192.168.2.254 / 255.255.255.0 SecLevel:100 outside: 192.168.3.250 / 255.255.255.0 SecLevel: 0 I have a static route setup to allow PCs on the inside network to access the internet via a gateway on the outside interface (3.254): outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.254 This all works fine. I now need to be able to access a PC on the outside interface (3.253) from a PC on the inside interface on port 35300. I understand I should be able to do this with no problems, as I'm going from a higher security level to a lower one. However I can't get any connection. Do I need to set up a seperate static route? Perhaps the route above is overriding what I need to be able to do (is it routing ALL traffic through the gateway?) Any advice on how to do this would be apprecaited. I am configuring this via ASDM but the config can be seen as below: Result of the command: "show running-config" : Saved : ASA Version 8.2(5) ! hostname ciscoasa domain-name xxx.internal names name 192.168.2.201 dev.xxx.internal description Internal Dev server name 192.168.2.200 Newserver ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/4 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/5 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/6 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/7 shutdown ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 192.168.3.250 255.255.255.0 ! ! time-range Workingtime periodic weekdays 9:00 to 18:00 ! ftp mode passive clock timezone GMT/BST 0 clock summer-time GMT/BDT recurring last Sun Mar 1:00 last Sun Oct 2:00 dns domain-lookup inside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server Newserver domain-name xxx.internal same-security-traffic permit inter-interface object-group service Mysql tcp port-object eq 3306 object-group protocol TCPUDP protocol-object udp protocol-object tcp access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in remark ENABLES OUTSDIE ACCESS TO DEV SERVER! access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any interface outside eq www time-range Workingtime inactive access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp host www-1.xxx.com interface outside eq ssh access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq www access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq https access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Connect to SSH services access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq ssh access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Connect to mysql server access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any host mysql.xxx.com object-group Mysql access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any host mysql.xxx.com eq 3312 access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit object-group TCPUDP host Newserver any eq domain access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit icmp any any access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Draytek Admin access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 eq 4433 access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Phone System access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 eq 35300 log disable pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm warnings logging from-address [email protected] logging recipient-address [email protected] level errors mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip verify reverse-path interface inside ip verify reverse-path interface outside ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq www ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq https ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq ssh ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit icmp6 any any icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 icmp permit any outside no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface www dev.xxx.internal www netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp interface ssh dev.xxx.internal ssh netmask 255.255.255.255 access-group inside_access_in in interface inside control-plane access-group inside_access_in_1 in interface inside access-group inside_access_ipv6_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.254 10 route outside 192.168.3.252 255.255.255.255 192.168.3.252 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 timeout floating-conn 0:00:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL aaa authentication enable console LOCAL

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• How Hacker Can Access VPS CentOS 6 content?

  - by user2118559

  Just want to understand. Please, correct mistakes and write advices Hacker can access to VPS: 1. Through (using) console terminal, for example, using PuTTY. To access, hacker need to know port number, username and password. Port number hacker can know scanning open ports and try to login. The only way to login as I understand need to know username and password. To block (make more difficult) port scanning, need to use iptables configure /etc/sysconfig/iptables. I followed this https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-setup-a-basic-ip-tables-configuration-on-centos-6 tutorial and got *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [87:4524] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [77:4713] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [77:4713] COMMIT *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2358:200388] :INPUT ACCEPT [2358:200388] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [2638:477779] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [2638:477779] COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [1:40] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [339:56132] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m state --state NEW -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG -j DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 11.111.11.111/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 11.111.11.111/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT COMMIT Regarding ports that need to be opened. If does not use ssl, then seems must leave open port 80 for website. Then for ssh (default 22) and for ftp (default 21). And set ip address, from which can connect. So if hacker uses other ip address, he can not access even knowing username and password? Regarding emails not sure. If I send email, using Gmail (Send mail as: (Use Gmail to send from your other email addresses)), then port 25 not necessary. For incoming emails at dynadot.com I use Email Forwarding. Does it mean that emails “does not arrive to VPS” (before arriving to VPS, emails are forwarded, for example to Gmail)? If emails does not arrive to VPS, then seems port 110 also not necessary. If use only ssl, must open port 443 and close port 80. Do not understand regarding port 3306 In PuTTY with /bin/netstat -lnp see Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 992/mysqld As understand it is for mysql. But does not remember that I have opened such port (may be when installed mysql, the port is opened automatically?). Mysql is installed on the same server, where all other content. Need to understand regarding port 3306 2. Also hacker may be able access console terminal through VPS hosting provider Control Panel (serial console emergency access). As understand only using console terminal (PuTTY, etc.) can make “global” changes (changes that can not modify with ftp). 3. Hacker can access to my VPS exploiting some hole in my php code and uploading, for example, Trojan. Unfortunately, faced situation that VPS was hacked. As understand it was because I used ZPanel. On VPS ( \etc\zpanel\panel\bin) ) found one php file, that was identified as Trojan by some virus scanners (at virustotal.com). Experimented with the file on local computer (wamp). And appears that hacker can see all content of VPS, rename, delete, upload etc. From my opinion, if in PuTTY use command like chattr +i /etc/php.ini then hacker could not be able to modify php.ini. Is there any other way to get into VPS?

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• Bypass DNSSEC for local Stub zones

  - by Starsky

  I am using bind 9.9.2 as a DNSSEC validating recursive resolver in an Internet DMZ. I want to point to my internal DNS servers as stub zones (ideally) or anything except slave zones (to avoid very large zone transfers). We use a routable ip space for our Internal addressing. Sorry if I am using an IP space that you own in my example, but 167.x.x.x is the first zone I found that fits my issue. E.G dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; dnssec-accept-expired no; zone "16.172.in-addr.arpa" { type stub; masters { 167.255.1.53; } } zone "myzone.com" in { type stub; masters { 167.255.1.53; } } When queries hit the DNS server, they attempt at being validated, and fail because 167.in-addr.arpa HAS an RRSIG record, but sub zones do not (and should not!). Google dns is used in this example, but in reality it would be my recursive resolver. @8.8.8.8 -x 167.255.1.53 +dnssec ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 17488 ;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 6, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 512 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;53.1.255.167.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 167.in-addr.arpa. 1800 IN SOA z.arin.net. dns-ops.arin.net. 2013100713 1800 900 691200 10800 167.in-addr.arpa. 1800 IN RRSIG SOA 5 3 86400 20131017160124 20131007160124 812 167.in-addr.arpa. Lcl8sCps7LapnAj4n403KXx7A3GO7+2z/9Q2R2mwkh9FL26iDx7GlU4+ NufGd92IEJCdBu9IgcZP4I9QcKi8DI28og27WrfKd5moSl/STj02GliS qPTfNiewmTTIDw5++IlhITbp+CoJuZCRCdDbyWKmd5NSLcbskAwbCVlO vVA= 167.in-addr.arpa. 10800 IN NSEC 1.167.in-addr.arpa. NS SOA TXT RRSIG NSEC DNSKEY 167.in-addr.arpa. 10800 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 3 10800 20131017160124 20131007160124 812 167.in-addr.arpa. XALsd59i+XGvCIzjhTUFXcr11/M8prcaaPQ5yFSbvP9TzqjJ3wpizvH6 202MdrIWbsT1Dndri49lHKAXgBQ5OOsUmOh+eoRYR5okxRO4VLc5Tkze Gh0fQLcwGXPuv9A4SFNIrNyi3XU4Qvq0cViKXIuEGTa3C+zMPuvc0her oKk= 254.167.in-addr.arpa. 10800 IN NSEC 26.167.in-addr.arpa. NS RRSIG NSEC 254.167.in-addr.arpa. 10800 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 4 10800 20131017160124 20131007160124 812 167.in-addr.arpa. xnsLBTnPhdyABdvqtEHPxa6Y6NASfYAWfW1yYlNliTyV8TFeNOqewjwj nY43CWD77ftFDDQTLFEOPpV5vwmnUGYTRztK+kB5UrlflhPgiqYiBaBD RQaFQ8DIKaof8/snusZjK7aNmfe09t9gRcaX/pXn3liKz7m/ggxZi0f9 xo0= ;; Query time: 31 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Mon Oct 7 16:52:59 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 722 Is there a way to bypass DNSSEC validation for specific zones? Any zone that I host internally, I do not want DNSSEC validation performed on. I have only see this interfere w/ certain reverse zones where the top level has DS/RRSIG records. Thanks.

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• How to get ISA 2006 Web Proxy to work with the Single Network Adapter template

  - by tronda

  I need to test an issue with running our application behind a proxy server with different type of configurations, so I installed ISA 2006 Enterprise on a desktop computer. Since this computer only has a single network card and I want to start out easy, I chose the "Single Network Adapter" template. We have a internal NAT'ed network which is in the 10 range. I have defined the internal network on the ISA server to be 10.XXX.YY.1 - 10.XXX.YY.255 I also have the Default rule which denies all traffic, but I've added the following Rule: Policy - Protocols - From - To Accept HTTP Internal External HTTPS Local Host Internal HTTS Server Localhost Then I configured Internet Explorer on a virutal machine running XP within virtualbox with Brigded network (gets same network address range as regular computers on our network) similar to this Instead of the server name I used the IP address. When I try to access a web page, this doesn't go through and I get the following log messages on the proxy server: Original Client IP Client Agent Authenticated Client Service Referring Server Destination Host Name Transport HTTP Method MIME Type Object Source Source Proxy Destination Proxy Bidirectional Client Host Name Filter Information Network Interface Raw IP Header Raw Payload GMT Log Time Source Port Processing Time Bytes Sent Bytes Received Cache Information Error Information Authentication Server Log Time Client IP Destination IP Destination Port Protocol Action Rule Result Code HTTP Status Code Client Username Source Network Destination Network URL Server Name Log Record Type 10.XXX.YY.174 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:24 1080 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:24 10.XXX.YY.174 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Initiated Connection MyHTTPAccess 0x0 ERROR_SUCCESS Internal Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:24 2275 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:24 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Initiated Connection 0x0 ERROR_SUCCESS Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:25 2275 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:25 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Closed Connection 0x80074e20 FWX_E_GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:25 2276 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:25 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Initiated Connection 0x0 ERROR_SUCCESS Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:26 2276 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:26 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Closed Connection 0x80074e20 FWX_E_GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:26 2277 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:26 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Initiated Connection 0x0 ERROR_SUCCESS Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.159 - UDP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:26 68 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:26 10.XXX.YY.159 255.255.255.255 67 DHCP (request) Denied Connection [Enterprise] Default rule 0xc004000d FWX_E_POLICY_RULES_DENIED Internal Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 10.XXX.YY.166 - UDP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:26 68 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:26 10.XXX.YY.166 255.255.255.255 67 DHCP (request) Denied Connection [Enterprise] Default rule 0xc004000d FWX_E_POLICY_RULES_DENIED Internal Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall 0.0.0.0 Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Yes Proxy 10.XXX.YY.175 TCP GET Internet - - - Req ID: 096c76ae; Compression: client=No, server=No, compress rate=0% decompress rate=0% - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:27 0 2945 2581 446 0x0 0x40 24.08.2010 06:25:27 10.XXX.YY.174 10.XXX.YY.175 80 http Failed Connection Attempt MyHTTPAccess 10061 anonymous Internal Local Host http://www.vg.no/ PROXYTEST Web Proxy Filter 10.XXX.YY.175 - TCP - - - 24.08.2010 13:25:27 2277 0 0 0 0x0 0x0 - 24.08.2010 06:25:27 10.XXX.YY.175 10.XXX.YY.175 80 HTTP Closed Connection 0x80074e20 FWX_E_GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN Local Host Local Host - PROXYTEST Firewall

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• Load average is have been high over some period

  - by user111196

  We have a dedicated MySQL server and below is the a snapshot of the top. The load average has been staying at nearly 100 for an hour plus ready. top - 20:54:28 up 7:31, 2 users, load average: 83.08, 96.88, 106.23 Tasks: 278 total, 2 running, 274 sleeping, 2 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu0 : 18.8%us, 10.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 70.9%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu1 : 51.2%us, 4.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 44.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Cpu2 : 9.0%us, 10.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 80.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu3 : 18.8%us, 7.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 73.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu4 : 7.8%us, 8.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 83.4%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu5 : 10.3%us, 8.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 81.4%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu6 : 6.2%us, 7.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 86.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu7 : 6.2%us, 6.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 87.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Cpu8 : 8.8%us, 10.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 80.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Cpu9 : 63.7%us, 4.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 12.2%id, 0.0%wa, 4.3%hi, 15.2%si, 0.0%st Cpu10 : 9.2%us, 10.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 80.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu11 : 17.3%us, 5.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 76.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu12 : 8.0%us, 8.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 83.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu13 : 10.9%us, 7.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 81.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu14 : 6.2%us, 6.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 86.9%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu15 : 4.8%us, 6.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 33009800k total, 23174396k used, 9835404k free, 120604k buffers Swap: 35061752k total, 0k used, 35061752k free, 16459540k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 3341 mysql 20 0 14.3g 4.6g 4240 S 417.8 14.5 1673:51 mysqld 24406 root 20 0 15008 1292 876 R 0.3 0.0 0:00.19 top 1 root 20 0 4080 852 608 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.92 init 2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 migration/0 4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.29 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 6 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.21 migration/1 7 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 9 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.17 migration/2 10 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 12 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 migration/3 13 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 ksoftirqd/3 14 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 15 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 migration/4 16 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/4 17 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/4 18 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.35 migration/5 We have also tried to run this command. What else command can help us diagnose the exact problem of this high load? netstat -nat |grep 3306 | awk '{print $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n 1 LISTEN 1 SYN_RECV 410 ESTABLISHED 964 TIME_WAIT Output of vmstat 1: ---------------memory--------------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 2 0 0 12978936 30944 15172360 0 0 259 3 184 265 6 6 77 12 0

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