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  • Help me upgrade my pf.conf for OpenBSD 4.7

    - by polemon
    I'm planning on upgrading my OpenBSD to 4.7 (from 4.6) and as you may or may not know, they changed the syntax for pf.conf. This is the relevant portion from the upgrade guide: pf(4) NAT syntax change As described in more detail in this mailing list post, PF's separate nat/rdr/binat (translation) rules have been replaced with actions on regular match/filter rules. Simple rulesets may be converted like this: nat on $ext_if from 10/8 -> ($ext_if) rdr on $ext_if to ($ext_if) -> 1.2.3.4 becomes match out on $ext_if from 10/8 nat-to ($ext_if) match in on $ext_if to ($ext_if) rdr-to 1.2.3.4 and... binat on $ext_if from $web_serv_int to any -> $web_serv_ext becomes match on $ext_if from $web_serv_int to any binat-to $web_serv_ext nat-anchor and/or rdr-anchor lines, e.g. for relayd(8), ftp-proxy(8) and tftp-proxy(8), are no longer used and should be removed from pf.conf(5), leaving only the anchor lines. Translation rules relating to these and spamd(8) will need to be adjusted as appropriate. N.B.: Previously, translation rules had "stop at first match" behaviour, with binat being evaluated first, followed by nat/rdr depending on direction of the packet. Now the filter rules are subject to the usual "last match" behaviour, so care must be taken with rule ordering when converting. pf(4) route-to/reply-to syntax change The route-to, reply-to, dup-to and fastroute options in pf.conf move to filteropts; pass in on $ext_if route-to (em1 192.168.1.1) from 10.1.1.1 pass in on $ext_if reply-to (em1 192.168.1.1) to 10.1.1.1 becomes pass in on $ext_if from 10.1.1.1 route-to (em1 192.168.1.1) pass in on $ext_if to 10.1.1.1 reply-to (em1 192.168.1.1) Now, this is my current pf.conf: # $OpenBSD: pf.conf,v 1.38 2009/02/23 01:18:36 deraadt Exp $ # # See pf.conf(5) for syntax and examples; this sample ruleset uses # require-order to permit mixing of NAT/RDR and filter rules. # Remember to set net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 and/or net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 # in /etc/sysctl.conf if packets are to be forwarded between interfaces. ext_if="pppoe0" int_if="nfe0" int_net="192.168.0.0/24" polemon="192.168.0.10" poletopw="192.168.0.12" segatop="192.168.0.20" table <leechers> persist set loginterface $ext_if set skip on lo match on $ext_if all scrub (no-df max-mss 1440) altq on $ext_if priq bandwidth 950Kb queue {q_pri, q_hi, q_std, q_low} queue q_pri priority 15 queue q_hi priority 10 queue q_std priority 7 priq(default) queue q_low priority 0 nat-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" rdr-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" nat on $ext_if from !($ext_if) -> ($ext_if) rdr pass on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp -> 127.0.0.1 port 8021 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2080 -> $segatop port 80 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2022 -> $segatop port 22 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 4000 -> $polemon port 4000 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 6600 -> $polemon port 6600 anchor "ftp-proxy/*" block pass on $int_if queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if queue(q_std, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if proto icmp queue q_pri pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} to any port ssh queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} to any port http queue(q_std, q_pri) #pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} all queue(q_low, q_hi) pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} from <leechers> queue(q_low, q_std) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port ident queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port ssh queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port http queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if inet proto icmp all icmp-type echoreq queue q_pri If someone has experience with porting the 4.6 pf.conf to 4.7, please help me do the correct changes. OK, this is how far I've got: I commented out nat-anchor and rdr-anchor, as describted in the guide: #nat-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" #rdr-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" And this is how I've "converted" the rdr rules: #nat on $ext_if from !($ext_if) -> ($ext_if) match out on $ext_if from !($ext_if) nat-to ($ext_if) #rdr pass on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp -> 127.0.0.1 port 8021 match in on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp rdr-to 127.0.0.1 port 8021 #rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2080 -> $segatop port 80 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 2080 rdr-to $segatop port 80 #rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2022 -> $segatop port 22 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 2022 rdr-to $segatop port 22 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 4000 -> $polemon port 4000 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 4000 rdr-to $polemon port 4000 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 6600 -> $polemon port 6600 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 6600 rdr-to $polemon port 6600 Did I miss anything? Is the anchor for ftp-proxy OK as it is now? Do I need to change something in the other pass in on... lines?

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  • Multiple virtual VLAN interfaces on single NIC (Debian)

    - by RayQuang
    I'm trying to setup multiple virtual interfaces with VLAN's on a single NIC. I'm running Debian Squeeze. Currently this is my /etc/netowrk/interfaces auto eth0.10 iface eth0.10 inet dhcp This gives me a working connection, however I'm not sure how to configure several like these on a single NIC so I can use multiple external IP's. I have tried aliasing the VLAN's like so: iface eth0.10:1 But that was not successful and it said failed to bring up interface. And suggestions would be greatly appreciated :)

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  • OpenVPN route missing

    - by dajuric
    I can connect to an OpenVPN server from Windows without any problems. But when I try to connect from Ubuntu 12.04 (start OpenVPN) I receive the following: OpenVPN needs a gateway parameter for a --route option and no default was specified by either --route-gateway or --ifconfig options SERVER IP: 161.53.X.X internal network: 10.0.0.0 / 8 What I need to do ? client configuration: client dev tap proto udp remote 161.53.X.X 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3 server conf: local 161.53.X.X port 1194 proto udp dev tap dev-node OpenVPN ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem # DHCP leases addresses to clients server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. push "route 10.0.0.1 255.255.0.0" client-to-client duplicate-cn keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo verb 6

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  • Iptables NAT logging

    - by Gerard
    I have a box setup as a router using Iptables (masquerade), logging all network traffic. The problem: Connections from LAN IPs to WAN show fine, i.e. SRC=192.168.32.10 - DST=60.242.67.190 but for traffic coming from WAN to LAN it will show the WAN IP as the source, but the routers IP as the destination, then the router - LAN IP. I.e. SRC=60.242.67.190 - DST=192.168.32.199 SRC=192.168.32.199(router) - DST=192.168.32.10 How do I configure it so that it logs the conversations correctly? SRC=192.168.32.10 - DST=60.242.67.190 SRC=60.242.67.190 DST=192.168.32.10 Any help appreciated, cheers

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  • Browsing \\computer\share fails, but net use \\computer\share works?

    - by JMD
    I've had mixed results with using Windows Explorer to browse remote file shares. The setup: I'm at work on Windows XP SP3 Files are at home on Windows XP SP3 Two separate VPNs are available to access my PC at home corporate OpenVPN (10.1.2.3) a Hamachi/LogMeIn connection (5.1.2.3) With respect to my problem, it doesn't matter which IP I use. They both perform exactly the same way: I expect that if I open Windows Explorer and type in \\10.1.2.3\Shared I should be interrupted with a challenge for credentials, and then be able to interact with the files in the share. However, I just get that annoying dialog, "Windows cannot find '\10.1.2.3\Shared' Check the spelling and try again, or try searching for the item ..." However, I can take that exact same computername/sharename and with net use I can: net use * \\10.1.2.3\Shared * /user:homecomputername\username with this result: Type the password for \\5.69.83.158\C$: Drive Z: is now connected to \\5.69.83.158\C$. The command completed successfully. I can then access the files in Z: in Windows Explorer which was my original intent. Even after Z: is already mapped and the credentials are cached I still cannot bring up \\10.1.2.3\Shared in Windows Explorer. Why does the latter work, but not the former? Edit: Other services work fine, such as RDP. (I have a problem in which I can't SSH home, but I'll consider that separately.)

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  • Routing table with two NIC adapters in libvirt/KVM

    - by lzap
    I created a virtual NAT network (192.168.100.0/24 network) in my libvirt and new guest with two interfaces - one in this network, one as bridged (10.34.1.0/24 network) to the local LAN. The reason for that is I need to have my own virtual network for my DHCP/TFTP/DNS testing and still want to access my guest externally from my LAN. On both networks I have working DHCP, both giving them IP addresses. When I setup NAT port forwarding (e.g. for ssh), I can connect to the eth0 (virtual network), everything is fine. But when I try to access the eth1 via bridged interface, I have no response. I guess I have problem with my routing table - outgoing packets are routed to the virtual NAT network (which has access to the machine I am connecting from - I can ping it). But I am not sure if this setup is correct. I think I need to add something to my routing table. # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:B4:A7:5F inet addr:192.168.100.14 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:feb4:a75f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:16468 errors:0 dropped:27 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6081 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:22066140 (21.0 MiB) TX bytes:483249 (471.9 KiB) Interrupt:11 Base address:0x2000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:DE:16:21 inet addr:10.34.1.111 Bcast:10.34.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fede:1621/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:189 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4911 (4.7 KiB) TX bytes:9 # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.34.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1003 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.100.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 Network I am trying to connect from is different than network the hypervisor is connected to: 10.36.0.0. But it is accessible from that network. So I tried to add new route rule: route add -net 10.36.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 dev eth1 And it is not working. I thought setting correct interface would be sufficient. What is needed to get my packets coming through?

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  • Sharing wireless internet connection between 2 Ubuntu 10.04 systems using cross-over cable

    - by Gary
    I have a Lenovo T60 with Ubuntu 10.04 connected with a cross-over cable to a Dell Vostro 1400, also running Ubuntu 10.04. My internet is coming into the Lenovo through an external wireless antennae, and I want to share the internet with the Dell. On the Lenovo: eth0 connection has IPv4 Settings 'Shared to other computers' I can ping the Dell (10.42.43.10) successfully I can use mtr to trace to www.google.com successfully On the Dell: eth0 connection has IPv4 Settings 'Automatic DHCP' I can ping the Lenovo (10.42.43.1) successfully when I use mtr to trace to www.google.com, I can only reach 10.42.43.1 I must be missing some setting, but cannot see what it is; can anyone help me?

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  • OpenVPN client on Amazon EC2

    - by Matt Culbreth
    I have an account with an OpenVPN service, and I'd like to get that running on my EC2 instance running Ubuntu 12.04. I have my config file in /etc/openvpn, and it connects fine when I run sudo openvpn --config matt.ovpn. However, I then lose connectivity to the EC2 machine, and I can't SSH back to it until I reboot. Previously I have done things like sudo ip rule add from IP_ADDRESS table 10 and then sudo ip route add default via GATEWAY_IP table 10, but that's not working on EC2. Any ideas? My private IP address right now is 10.209.29.XXX and my gateway is 10.209.29.1.

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  • How to route broadcast packets from machine with two network interfaces on same subnet

    - by Syam
    I run RHEL 5 and have two NICs on one machine connected to the same subnet: eth0 192.168.100.10 eth1 192.168.100.11 My application needs to receive and transmit UDP packets (both unicast & broadcast) via these interfaces. I've found the way to handle the ARP problem and I've added routes to handle the routing problem: ip rule add from 192.168.100.10 lookup 10 ip route add table 10 default src 192.168.100.10 dev eth0 (and similarly, table 11 for eth1) The problem is that only unicast packets gets routed properly. Broadcast packets always go out through eth0. I tried removing the rule for 192.168.100.0 & 192.168.100.255 from table 255 and adding them to my tables. But then I see ARP requests being given out for packets to 192.168.100.255 (obviously, no nodes respond and nobody gets any data). Due to several techno-political issues, I'm stuck with this configuration and can't change subnets or try something different. I've tried SO_BINDTODEVICE and it works, but I'd prefer a solution that doesn't need my application to run as root. Is there a way to get this working? Any help is highly appreciated.

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  • SSH Connection Refused - Debug using Recovery Console

    - by olrehm
    Hey everyone, I have found a ton of questions answered about debugging why one cannot connect via SSH, but they all seem to require that you can still access the system - or say that without that nothing can be done. In my case, I cannot access the system directly, but I do have access to the filesystem using a recovery console. So this is the situation: My provider made some kernel update today and in the process also rebooted my server. For some reason, I cannot connect via SSH anymore, but instead get a ssh: connect to host mydomain.de port 22: Connection refused I do not know whether sshd is just not running, or whether something (e.g. iptables) blocks my ssh connection attempts. I looked at the logfiles, none of the files in /var/log contain any mentioning on ssh, and /var/log/auth.log is empty. Before the kernel update, I could log in just fine and used certificates so that I would not need a password everytime I connect from my local machine. What I tried so far: I looked in /etc/rc*.d/ for a link to the /etc/init.d/ssh script and found none. So I am expecting that sshd is not started properly on boot. Since I cannot run any programs in my system, I cannot use update-rc to change this. I tried to make a link manually using ln -s /etc/init.d/ssh /etc/rc6.d/K09sshd and restarted the server - this did not fix the problem. I do not know wether it is at all possible to do it like this and whether it is correct to create it in rc6.d and whether the K09 is correct. I just copied that from apache. I also tried to change my /etc/iptables.rules file to allow everything: # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [7468813:1758703692] :INPUT ACCEPT [7468810:1758703548] :FORWARD ACCEPT [3:144] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [7935930:3682829426] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [7935933:3682829570] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [7339662:1665166559] :FORWARD ACCEPT [3:144] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [7935930:3682829426] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -s localhost -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.0 on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [101662:5379853] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [393275:25394346] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [393273:25394250] COMMIT # Completed on Thu Dec 10 18:05:32 2009 I am not sure this is done correctly or has any effect at all. I also did not find any mentioning of iptables in any file in /var/log. So what else can I do? Thank you for your help.

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  • Adding Multiple Interfaces to EC2 Ubuntu 12.04

    - by nocode
    I have a m1.medium Ubuntu 12.04 instance with two ENI's. I have a VPC setup with a private and public subnet. Private: 10.50.1.0/24 Public: 10.50.101.0/24 I initiated the instance on the private subnet. I configured a NAT instance and route all servers in the private subnet internet access. The route tables on the private subnet point towards the NAT instance and the route table on the public subnet point to the internet gateway. I am trying to add a public interface on the machine so that I can put it behind a ELB. When I added the second ENI and configured a static IP in /etc/network/interfaces and restarted the network services, I can no longer access from the Public subnet to the Private Subnet. Works Private private Private public Does not work Public private From Public Private, I ran a TCPDUMp on the private machine and can see the request coming in. My guess is it's trying to route over the new Public interface instead of the Private. Here's my route: default 10.50.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 10.50.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.50.101.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 My networking knowledge is limited and I believe I have to add some routes but unsure of what command/syntax needs to be.

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  • Squid on windows loadbalancing only to one server

    - by Martin L.
    After thousands of googles and trying days i cant get the load balancer/failover in squid on windows to work. Iam using squid 2.7. My webservers are 2 single NIC lighttpd and one dual nic lighttpd. server1 in this example is running squid on port 80 and lighttpd on port 8080 (just to test) Requirements: All 3 webservers running lighttpd should be balanced two option for load balancing: Best would be if server1 is busy server2 takes over, if server2 is busy server3 takes over, etc.. Round robin style evenly distributed load. Eg server1 takes first call, server2 second etc.. All requests should be treated the same way (no url rewriting or so on) Sent host headers have to be redirected to every server as http host header, speaking of "server1", "server1.company.internal" and "10.211.1.1". My approach: acl all src all acl manager proto cache_object http_port 80 accel defaultsite=server1.company.internal vhost #reverse proxy entries cache_peer 10.211.2.1 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server1_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.1.2 parent 80 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server2_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.2.3 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server3_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.2.4 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server3_nic2 #decl of names of squid host acl registered_name_hostdomain dstdomain server1.company.internal acl registered_name_host dstdomain server1 #ip of squid host acl registered_name_ip dstdomain 10.211.2.1 # access: redirects the correct squid hostname http_access allow registered_name_hostdomain http_access allow registered_name_host http_access allow registered_name_ip http_access deny all cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server1_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server2_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server3_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server3_nic2 deny all never_direct allow all Problems: Load balancer does not load balance other than to first server. Only if the first server is killed in any way the second will take over. I have seen the others working at some point, but definitely not as the intended load balancing described above. If the cache_peer_access is not defined sometimes the wrong hostname is sent to the backend webserver and this always depends on the defaultsite= parameter. Probably because the host header on the request to squid is not set and its replaced by defaultsite. Leaving out defaultsite didnt solve the problem. The only workaround i found for this is the current approach with cache_peer_access. Questions: Does the cache_peer_access influence the round-robin? Is there a better workaround to pass the host header to the backed webservers? Which parameters do increase the speed of load balancing or does anyone have a better approach? -Martin

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  • rsyslog forward all except ldap

    - by Brian
    I have Centos 6 servers running openLDAP. In the rsyslog.conf, I forward the logs to my central server with this line: *.* @10.10.10.10:514 openldap seems incredibly chatty. I have 3 servers in a multi-master cluster. Those 3 servers generate twice as many logs as my other 80 servers combined. I have been unsuccessful in figuring out how to tell openLDAP to use a sensible log level. (we never specifically set the log level) Since these are my main authentication sources, I'm a bit hesitant to "play around" with them. Is there a way to tell rsyslog to forward everything EXCEPT LOCAL4?

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  • tc rules block traffic from some hosts at network

    - by user139430
    I have a problem I can not solve. The script, which sets the rules for traffic shaping is blocking the traffic from some hosts.If I remove all the rules, then it works. I can not understand why? Here is my script... #!/bin/sh cmdTC=/sbin/tc rateLANDl="60mbit" ceilLANDl="60mbit" rateLANUl="40mbit" ceilLANUl="40mbit" quantLAN="1514" # Nowaday bandwidth limit set to 100mbit. # We devide it with 60mbit download and 40mbit upload bandthes. rateHiDl="30mbit" ceilHiDl="60mbit" rateHiUl="20mbit" ceilHiUl="40mbit" quantHi="1514" rateLoDl="30mbit" ceilLoDl="60mbit" rateLoUl="20mbit" ceilLoUl="40mbit" quantLo="1514" devNIF=eth0 devFIF=ifb0 modprobe ifb ip link set $devFIF up 2>/dev/null #exit 0 ################################################################################################ # Remove discuiplines from network and fake interfaces ################################################################################################ $cmdTC qdisc del dev $devNIF root 2>/dev/null $cmdTC qdisc del dev $devFIF root 2>/dev/null $cmdTC qdisc del dev $devNIF ingress 2>/dev/null if [ "$1" = "down" ]; then exit 0 fi ################################################################################################ # Create discuiplines for network interface ################################################################################################ $cmdTC qdisc add dev $devNIF root handle 1:0 htb default 12 # Create classes for network interface $cmdTC class add dev $devNIF parent 1:0 classid 1:1 htb rate ${rateLANDl} ceil ${ceilLANDl} quantum ${quantLAN} $cmdTC class add dev $devNIF parent 1:1 classid 1:11 htb rate ${rateHiDl} ceil ${ceilHiDl} quantum ${quantHi} $cmdTC class add dev $devNIF parent 1:1 classid 1:12 htb rate ${rateLoDl} ceil ${ceilLoDl} quantum ${quantLo} $cmdTC qdisc add dev $devNIF parent 1:11 handle 111: sfq perturb 10 $cmdTC qdisc add dev $devNIF parent 1:12 handle 112: sfq perturb 10 # Create filters for network interface $cmdTC filter add dev $devNIF protocol all parent 1:0 u32 match ip dst 10.252.2.0/24 flowid 1:11 $cmdTC filter add dev $devNIF protocol all parent 111: handle 111 flow hash keys dst divisor 1024 baseclass 1:11 $cmdTC filter add dev $devNIF protocol all parent 112: handle 112 flow hash keys dst divisor 1024 baseclass 1:12 ################################################################################################ # Create discuiplines for fake interface ################################################################################################ $cmdTC qdisc add dev $devFIF root handle 1:0 htb default 12 # Create classes for network interface $cmdTC class add dev $devFIF parent 1:0 classid 1:1 htb rate ${rateLANUl} ceil ${ceilLANUl} quantum ${quantLAN} $cmdTC class add dev $devFIF parent 1:1 classid 1:11 htb rate ${rateHiUl} ceil ${ceilHiUl} quantum ${quantHi} $cmdTC class add dev $devFIF parent 1:1 classid 1:12 htb rate ${rateLoUl} ceil ${ceilLoUl} quantum ${quantLo} $cmdTC qdisc add dev $devFIF parent 1:11 handle 111: sfq perturb 10 $cmdTC qdisc add dev $devFIF parent 1:12 handle 112: sfq perturb 10 # Create filters for network interface $cmdTC filter add dev $devFIF protocol all parent 1:0 u32 match ip src 10.252.2.0/24 flowid 1:11 $cmdTC filter add dev $devFIF protocol all parent 111: handle 111 flow hash keys src divisor 1024 baseclass 1:11 $cmdTC filter add dev $devFIF protocol all parent 112: handle 112 flow hash keys src divisor 1024 baseclass 1:12 ################################################################################################ # Create redirect discuiplines from network to fake interface ################################################################################################ $cmdTC qdisc add dev $devNIF handle ffff:0 ingress $cmdTC filter add dev $devNIF parent ffff:0 protocol all u32 match u32 0 0 action mirred egress redirect dev $devFIF Here is my /etc/modules: loop ifb ppp_mppe nf_conntrack_pptp nt_conntrack_proto_gre nf_nat_pptp nf_nat_proto_gre The system is Linux wall 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Sep 23 10:07:46 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux

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  • OpenBSD pf - implementing the equivalent of an iptables DNAT

    - by chutz
    The IP address of an internal service is going to change. We have an OpenBSD access point (ssh + autpf rules) where clients connect and open a connection to the internal IP. To give us more time to reconfigure all clients to use the new IP address, I thought we can implement the equivalent of a DNAT on the authpf box. Basically, I want to write a rule similar to this iptables rule which lets me ping both $OLD_IP and $NEW_IP. iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d $OLD_IP -j DNAT --to-dest $NEW_IP Our version of OpenBSD is 4.7, but we can upgrade if necessary. If this DNAT is not possible we can probably do a NAT on a firewall along the way. The closest I was able to accomplish on a test box is: pass out on em1 inet proto icmp from any to 10.68.31.99 nat-to 10.68.31.247 Unfortunately, pfctl -s state tells me that nat-to translates the source IP, while I need to translate the destination. $ sudo pfctl -s state all icmp 10.68.31.247:7263 (10.68.30.199:13437) -> 10.68.31.99:8 0:0 I also found lots of mentions about rules that start with rdr and include the -> symbol to express the translation, but it looks like this syntax has been obsoleted in 4.7 and I cannot get anything similar to work. Attempts to implement a rdr fail with a complaint that /etc/pf.conf:20: rdr-to can only be used inbound

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  • Google Apps: MX records for zonefile

    - by 23tux
    Hi everybody, I have a question about using Google Apps for handling emails. I don't want to set up a whole entire mail system on my server, so I decided to use Google Apps. The ownership of my domain is approved, and now I'm trying to change the MX records in the zone file of my domain. But I think I'm doing wrong, it doesn't work. I want to use mail.mydomain.com as a adress to the mail server for POP, SMTP and IMAP. My zone file looks like this: $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns1.first-ns.de. postmaster.robot.first-ns.de. ( 2011011700 ; serial 14400 ; refresh 1800 ; retry 604800 ; expire 86400 ) ; minimum @ IN NS robotns3.second-ns.com. @ IN NS robotns2.second-ns.de. @ IN NS ns1.first-ns.de. @ IN A 111.111.111.111 localhost IN A 127.0.0.1 www IN A 111.111.111.111 ftp IN CNAME www loopback IN CNAME localhost mail IN CNAME @ relay IN CNAME www @ IN MX 10 ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX3.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX2.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ IN MX 10 ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ IN MX 10 ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. I hope someone can figure out, what's wrong with this configuration. When I start a ping on mail.mydomain.org I get an answer from 111.111.111.111 and not from the google server ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. thx, tux

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  • ubuntu server in a vm, can't connect to internet

    - by jessh
    I'm attemtping to host my own development web server in a virtual box guest, Ubuntu Server. I would like this virtual machine to be accessible from not only my home network, but outside the LAN as well. As such, I've set up a static IP (so I can later forward ports to this static IP.) My virtual box settings have this vm only using one adapter -- in bridged mode. Here's what my /etc/network/interfaces looks like: iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.1.203 /*this is outside the DHCP range*/ netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 10.0.1.1 network 10.0.1.0 broadcast 10.0.1.255 dns-nameservers: 8.8.8.8 8.8.8.4 Here's what the output of ifconfig looks like: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/2241201/locker/ubuntu.png My Host is a mac mini, running OS X 10.7. From within the guest, if I ping google.com: $ ping google.com # outputs 'ping: unknown host google.com' immediately Why am I unable to access the web?

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  • What Device/System to use as a "router on a stick"

    - by Jeff Leyser
    I need to create several distinct VLANs, and provide a way for traffic to move between them. A "router on a stick" approach seems ideal: Internet | Router with Trunking Capability ("router on a stick") * * Trunk between router and switch * Switch with Trunking Capability | | | | | | | | | | | LAN 2 | LAN 4 | | 10.0.2.0/24 | 10.0.4.0/24 | | | | LAN 1 LAN 3 LAN 5 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.3.0/24 10.0.5.0/24 We have trunk-capable Layer-2 switches. The question is what to use as the router on a stick. My choices seem to be: 1) Use an existing Cisco 5505 ASA firewall. It appears the ASA can do the routing, but it's a 100Mbps device, and so seems sub-optimal at best 2) Buy a router. This seems overkill. 3) Buy a Layer-3 switch. Also seems overkill. 4) Use an existing Linux Box as a router 5) Use a new Linux box as a router' 6) Something I'm not thinking of I think either (4) or (5) is my best option, but I'm not sure how to choose between them. I expect the amount of traffic that has to cross the VLANs to be somewhat small, but bursty. How much load does routing add to a CentOS machine?

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  • How to reduce celeryd memory consumption?

    - by Gringo Suave
    I'm using celery 2.5.1 with django on a micro ec2 instance with 613mb memory and as such have to keep memory consumption down. Currently I'm using it only for the scheduler "celery beat" as a web interface to cron, though I hope to use it for more in the future. I've noticed it is the biggest consumer of memory on my micro machine even though I have configured the number of workers to one. I don't have many other options set in settings.py: import djcelery djcelery.setup_loader() BROKER_BACKEND = 'djkombu.transport.DatabaseTransport' CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER = 'djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler' CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'database' BROKER_POOL_LIMIT = 2 CELERYD_CONCURRENCY = 1 CELERY_DISABLE_RATE_LIMITS = True CELERYD_MAX_TASKS_PER_CHILD = 20 CELERYD_SOFT_TASK_TIME_LIMIT = 5 * 60 CELERYD_TASK_TIME_LIMIT = 6 * 60 Here's the details via top: PID USER NI CPU% VIRT SHR RES MEM% Command 1065 wuser 10 0.0 283M 4548 85m 14.3 python manage_prod.py celeryd --beat 1025 wuser 10 1.0 577M 6368 67m 11.2 python manage_prod.py celeryd --beat 1071 wuser 10 0.0 578M 2384 62m 10.6 python manage_prod.py celeryd --beat That's about 214mb of memory (and not much shared) to run a cron job occasionally. Have I done anything wrong, or can this be reduced about ten-fold somehow? ;) Update: here's my upstart config: description "Celery Daemon" start on (net-device-up and local-filesystems) stop on runlevel [016] nice 10 respawn respawn limit 5 10 chdir /home/wuser/wuser/ env CELERYD_OPTS=--concurrency=1 exec sudo -u wuser -H /usr/bin/python manage_prod.py celeryd --beat --concurrency=1 --loglevel info --logfile /var/tmp/celeryd.log Update 2: I notice there is one root process, one user child process, and two grandchildren from that. So I think it isn't a matter of duplicate startup. root 34580 1556 sudo -u wuser -H /usr/bin/python manage_prod.py celeryd wuser 577M 67548 +- python manage_prod.py celeryd --beat --concurrency=1 wuser 578M 63784 +- python manage_prod.py celeryd --beat --concurrency=1 wuser 271M 76260 +- python manage_prod.py celeryd --beat --concurrency=1

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  • How to print index in a 'for-loop' being executed in remote host through SSH?

    - by YShin
    I want to ssh into a remote host, and then execute a for loop that goes through sequence of numbers to control number of different nodes. ssh user@host /bin/bash << EOF for i in {1..10} do echo $i done EOF If I do this, the output is just 10 blank lines, instead of printing out numbers from 1 through 10. If I execute same code on my local machine, I get the desired output which is ten lines each line printing from 1 through 10. How would one achieve the intended functionality, that is accessing the index in a for loop that is being executed in SSH?

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  • Logs being flooded from Squid for having intercepted and authentication enabled together

    - by Horace
    I have done some hefty Google'ing and I can't seem to find a single solution to this issue that I cam currently experiencing. Here is a sample configuration from squid that I have: # # DIGEST Auth # auth_param digest program /usr/sbin/digest_file_auth /etc/squid/digpass auth_param digest children 8 auth_param digest realm LHPROJECTS.LAN Network Proxy auth_param digest nonce_garbage_interval 10 minutes auth_param digest nonce_max_duration 45 minutes auth_param digest nonce_max_count 100 auth_param digest nonce_strictness on # Squid normally listens to port 3128 # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port 192.168.10.2:3128 transparent https_port 192.168.10.2:3128 intercept http_port 192.168.10.2:3130 As noted above, I have three ports defined, 2 of them are transparent/intercept and one is a regular http port (which I use for authentication). Which works rather well in this configuration however my logs are getting flooded of this entry authentication not applicable on intercepted requests whenever a transparent connection is made. So far, I can't seem to find any documentation that would describe how to suppress these messages ?

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  • Updating ATI HD 5970 Graphics card - version errors?

    - by user55406
    I'm having an issue...My system specs is: Intel i7 960 6GM Corair XMS RAM ATI HD5970 graphics card Intel dx58so motherboard Cooler Master HAF 922 case 1.5TB Seagate hard drive Windows Vista x86 (32-bit). Here is my issue: when I go to AMD/ATI website to update my graphics card - it doesn't. when I type DxDiag and then click on display it tell me my version is 8.17.0 and its on 10.10.0 for the latest version. How can I get 8.17.0 too 10.10.0? I figure it would have done that after I updated the driver for my graphics card. Thanks.

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  • Exchange2010 has Private Machine Name and IP in outbound SMTP - How to remove?

    - by John Bergman
    We have a domain (domain.local) that has IP Addresses in the 10.10.10.* range. In the outbound SMTP server traffic, I see the internal machine name (exchange.domain.local), and the internal ip address (10.10.10.55). The question is, how do you remove this header from exchange, or change it to have the external machine name/ip addresses. I am not talking about the HELO / EHLO handshake as part of the protocol. Please help.

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  • Windows 7 laptop with two active network connections will not perform DNS AAAA lookup under certain conditions

    - by Jeff Loughridge
    My laptop has two network interfaces. The Ethernet interface connects directly to my provider's edge router. It obtains an IPv6 address via SLAAC. I manually set an IPv6 DNS server. The wireless interface connects to a CPE router that doesn't understand IPv6. If the wireless interface is disabled, I can reach the IPv6 Internet with no problems using the Ethernet interface. I run into problems when both interfaces are enabled and the wireless interface get its IPv4 DNS server via DHCP. Let's look at two scenarios. Wireless interface obtains IPv4 DNS server via DHCP - The CPE router (192.168.0.1) sends its address as the DNS server. In this scenario, Windows 7 will not perform AAAA lookups. The browser uses IPv4 transit to reach dual stack web sites. I can't reach IPv6-only web sites using domain names. I can reach IPv6-enabled web sites using IPv6 literals instead of the domain name. Wireless interface is manually configured with OpenDNS DNS server - Windows 7 performs AAAA lookups using IPv6 transit (via the Ethernet). Everything works fine. My dual homed set-up is definitely not standard. Still, the behavior is very strange to me. A valid IPv6 interface exists in my Ethernet interface. Why won't Windows attempt AAAA lookups in scenario #1? I've included the output of ipconfig /all and netstat -rn. C:\Program Files\Console>ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : jake Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : res.openband.net Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection 2: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : C0-CB-38-06-54-F9 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : res.openband.net Description . . . . . . . . . . . : DW1520 Wireless-N WLAN Half-Mini Card Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : C0-CB-38-06-54-F9 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::fc39:9293:7d01:4a75%13(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.105(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Wednesday, July 11, 2012 7:35:21 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July 12, 2012 9:49:46 AM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 364956472 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 208.67.222.222 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : res.openband.net Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2607:2600:1:850:c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b(Preferred) Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : 2607:2600:1:850:3d29:1839:62db:c4c1(Preferred) Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b%12(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.52.2.51(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.254.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Monday, July 09, 2012 8:55:07 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July 12, 2012 7:30:05 AM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::214:6aff:fe51:7f3f%12 10.52.2.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 216.40.77.244 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 2620:0:ccc::2 2620:0:ccd::2 216.40.77.126 216.40.77.244 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-01 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::4c61:495b:229e:281e%14(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.40.1(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 469782614 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-08 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::f996:61eb:8c00:45e6%15(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.17.1(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 486559830 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled C:\Program Files\Console>netstat -rn =========================================================================== Interface List 17...c0 cb 38 06 54 f9 ......Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter 13...c0 cb 38 06 54 f9 ......DW1520 Wireless-N WLAN Half-Mini Card 12...5c 26 0a 03 23 5c ......Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection 11...5c ac 4c f8 b8 55 ......Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network) 14...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ......VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 15...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ......VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.52.2.1 10.52.2.51 10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.105 100 10.52.2.0 255.255.254.0 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 10.52.2.51 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 10.52.3.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.0.105 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.17.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.17.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.17.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 192.168.40.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 12 261 ::/0 fe80::214:6aff:fe51:7f3f 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 12 13 2607:2600:1:850::/64 On-link 12 261 2607:2600:1:850:3d29:1839:62db:c4c1/128 On-link 12 261 2607:2600:1:850:c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b/128 On-link 12 261 fe80::/64 On-link 13 281 fe80::/64 On-link 14 276 fe80::/64 On-link 15 276 fe80::/64 On-link 14 276 fe80::4c61:495b:229e:281e/128 On-link 12 261 fe80::c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b/128 On-link 15 276 fe80::f996:61eb:8c00:45e6/128 On-link 13 281 fe80::fc39:9293:7d01:4a75/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 12 261 ff00::/8 On-link 13 281 ff00::/8 On-link 14 276 ff00::/8 On-link 15 276 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None

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  • Linux server is only using 60% of memory, then swapping

    - by Kamil Kisiel
    I've got a Linux server that's running our bacula backup system. The machine is grinding like mad because it's going heavy in to swap. The problem is, it's only using 60% of its physical memory! Here's the output from free -m: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3949 2356 1593 0 0 1 -/+ buffers/cache: 2354 1595 Swap: 7629 1804 5824 and some sample output from vmstat 1: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 2 1843536 1634512 0 4188 54 13 2524 666 2 1 1 1 89 9 0 1 11 1845916 1640724 0 388 2700 4816 221880 4879 14409 170721 4 3 63 30 0 0 9 1846096 1643952 0 0 4956 756 174832 804 12357 159306 3 4 63 30 0 0 11 1846104 1643532 0 0 4916 540 174320 580 10609 139960 3 4 64 29 0 0 4 1846084 1640272 0 2336 4080 524 140408 548 9331 118287 3 4 63 30 0 0 8 1846104 1642096 0 1488 2940 432 102516 457 7023 82230 2 4 65 29 0 0 5 1846104 1642268 0 1276 3704 452 126520 452 9494 119612 3 5 65 27 0 3 12 1846104 1641528 0 328 6092 608 187776 636 8269 113059 4 3 64 29 0 2 2 1846084 1640960 0 724 5948 0 111480 0 7751 116370 4 4 63 29 0 0 4 1846100 1641484 0 404 4144 1476 125760 1500 10668 105358 2 3 71 25 0 0 13 1846104 1641932 0 0 5872 828 153808 840 10518 128447 3 4 70 22 0 0 8 1846096 1639172 0 3164 3556 556 74884 580 5082 65362 2 2 73 23 0 1 4 1846080 1638676 0 396 4512 28 50928 44 2672 38277 2 2 80 16 0 0 3 1846080 1628808 0 7132 2636 0 28004 8 1358 14090 0 1 78 20 0 0 2 1844728 1618552 0 11140 7680 0 12740 8 763 2245 0 0 82 18 0 0 2 1837764 1532056 0 101504 2952 0 95644 24 802 3817 0 1 87 12 0 0 11 1842092 1633324 0 4416 1748 10900 143144 11024 6279 134442 3 3 70 24 0 2 6 1846104 1642756 0 0 4768 468 78752 468 4672 60141 2 2 76 20 0 1 12 1846104 1640792 0 236 4752 440 140712 464 7614 99593 3 5 58 34 0 0 3 1846084 1630368 0 6316 5104 0 20336 0 1703 22424 1 1 72 26 0 2 17 1846104 1638332 0 3168 4080 1720 211960 1744 11977 155886 3 4 65 28 0 1 10 1846104 1640800 0 132 4488 556 126016 584 8016 106368 3 4 63 29 0 0 14 1846104 1639740 0 2248 3436 428 114188 452 7030 92418 3 3 59 35 0 1 6 1846096 1639504 0 1932 5500 436 141412 460 8261 112210 4 4 63 29 0 0 10 1846104 1640164 0 3052 4028 448 147684 472 7366 109554 4 4 61 30 0 0 10 1846100 1641040 0 2332 4952 632 147452 664 8767 118384 3 4 63 30 0 4 8 1846084 1641092 0 664 4948 276 152264 292 6448 98813 5 5 62 28 0 Furthermore, the output of top sorted by CPU time seems to support the theory that swap is what's bogging down the system: top - 09:05:32 up 37 days, 23:24, 1 user, load average: 9.75, 8.24, 7.12 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 1.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 76.1%id, 20.6%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2405628k used, 1639004k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1851852k used, 5960640k free, 436k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 4174 root 17 0 63156 176 56 S 8 0.0 2138:52 35,38 bacula-fd 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 6 0.0 1709:25 28,29 bacula-sd 240 root 15 0 0 0 0 D 3 0.0 831:55.19 831:55 kswapd0 2852 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 126:35.59 126:35 xfsbufd 2849 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 119:50.94 119:50 xfsbufd 1364 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 117:05.39 117:05 xfsbufd 21 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 48:03.44 48:03 events/3 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 8 8 S 0 0.0 46:50.35 46:50 postmaster 1342 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 23:14.34 23:14 xfsdatad/4 5415 root 17 0 1770m 108 48 S 0 0.0 15:03.74 15:03 bacula-dir 23 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 13:09.71 13:09 events/5 5604 root 17 0 1216m 500 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.20 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 580 248 S 0 0.0 11:58.00 11:58 java Here's the same sorted by virtual memory image size: top - 09:08:32 up 37 days, 23:27, 1 user, load average: 8.43, 8.26, 7.32 Tasks: 173 total, 1 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.6%us, 3.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 62.2%id, 30.2%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4044632k total, 2404212k used, 1640420k free, 0k buffers Swap: 7812492k total, 1852548k used, 5959944k free, 100k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ TIME COMMAND 5415 root 17 0 1770m 56 44 S 0 0.0 15:03.78 15:03 bacula-dir 5604 root 17 0 1216m 492 200 S 0 0.0 12:38.30 12:38 java 5552 root 16 0 1194m 476 200 S 0 0.0 11:58.20 11:58 java 4598 root 16 0 117m 44 44 S 0 0.0 0:13.37 0:13 eventmond 9614 gdm 16 0 93188 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdmgreeter 5527 root 17 0 78716 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.30 0:00 gdm 4185 root 17 0 63352 284 104 S 20 0.0 1709:52 28,29 bacula-sd 4174 root 17 0 63156 208 88 S 24 0.0 2139:25 35,39 bacula-fd 10849 postgres 18 0 54740 216 108 D 0 0.0 0:31.40 0:31 postmaster 6661 postgres 17 0 49432 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:03.50 0:03 postmaster 5507 root 15 0 47980 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 0:00 gdm 6940 postgres 16 0 43596 16 16 S 0 0.0 46:51.39 46:51 postmaster 5304 postgres 16 0 40580 132 88 S 0 0.0 6:21.79 6:21 postmaster 5301 postgres 17 0 40448 24 24 S 0 0.0 0:32.17 0:32 postmaster 11280 root 16 0 40288 28 28 S 0 0.0 0:00.11 0:00 sshd 5534 root 17 0 37580 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:56.18 0:56 X 30870 root 30 15 31668 28 28 S 0 0.0 1:13.38 1:13 snmpd 5305 postgres 17 0 30628 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:11.60 0:11 postmaster 27403 postfix 17 0 30248 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.76 0:02 qmgr 10815 postfix 15 0 30208 16 16 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 0:00 pickup 5306 postgres 16 0 29760 20 20 S 0 0.0 0:52.89 0:52 postmaster 5302 postgres 17 0 29628 64 32 S 0 0.0 1:00.64 1:00 postmaster I've tried tuning the swappiness kernel parameter to both high and low values, but nothing appears to change the behavior here. I'm at a loss to figure out what's going on. How can I find out what's causing this? Update: The system is a fully 64-bit system, so there should be no question of memory limitations due to 32-bit issues. Update2: As I mentioned in the original question, I've already tried tuning swappiness to all sorts of values, including 0. The result is always the same, with approximately 1.6 GB of memory remaining unused. Update3: Added top output to the above info.

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