Here's my problem:

When I try to load my macbook it shows the gray progress bar. It takes a while to fill the whole progress and after it macbook just shuts down.

I tried to boot from recovery partition and run Disk Utility to repair it.

Disk Utility showed my "Macintosh HD" in a gray color and failed to repair it. I thought all my data was lost, but then I tried the following:

So I booted into ubunto from live usb and it successfully mounted my macintosh hd hfs+ partition.

Parted shows me the following partitions on my disk:

Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name                  Flags
 1      20.5kB  210MB  210MB  fat32        EFI System Partition  boot
 2      210MB   499GB  499GB  hfs+         Macintosh HD
 3      499GB   500GB  650MB  hfs+         Recovery HD

Seems legit except for FAT32 for EFI System Partition.

Since all my data is okay and backed up what should I do to recover the system. I don't really want to reinstall all the system though I believe there's a command to make it allright in linux.

Thank you everyone!