typed constants - Page 101

Microsoft Introduces WebMatrix

- by Rick Strahl

originally published in CoDe Magazine Editorial Microsoft recently released the first CTP of a new development environment called WebMatrix, which along with some of its supporting technologies are squarely aimed at making the Microsoft Web Platform more approachable for first-time developers and hobbyists. But in the process, it also provides some updated technologies that can make life easier for existing .NET developers. Let’s face it: ASP.NET development isn’t exactly trivial unless you already have a fair bit of familiarity with sophisticated development practices. Stick a non-developer in front of Visual Studio .NET or even the Visual Web Developer Express edition and it’s not likely that the person in front of the screen will be very productive or feel inspired. Yet other technologies like PHP and even classic ASP did provide the ability for non-developers and hobbyists to become reasonably proficient in creating basic web content quickly and efficiently. WebMatrix appears to be Microsoft’s attempt to bring back some of that simplicity with a number of technologies and tools. The key is to provide a friendly and fully self-contained development environment that provides all the tools needed to build an application in one place, as well as tools that allow publishing of content and databases easily to the web server. WebMatrix is made up of several components and technologies: IIS Developer Express IIS Developer Express is a new, self-contained development web server that is fully compatible with IIS 7.5 and based on the same codebase that IIS 7.5 uses. This new development server replaces the much less compatible Cassini web server that’s been used in Visual Studio and the Express editions. IIS Express addresses a few shortcomings of the Cassini server such as the inability to serve custom ISAPI extensions (i.e., things like PHP or ASP classic for example), as well as not supporting advanced authentication. IIS Developer Express provides most of the IIS 7.5 feature set providing much better compatibility between development and live deployment scenarios. SQL Server Compact 4.0 Database access is a key component for most web-driven applications, but on the Microsoft stack this has mostly meant you have to use SQL Server or SQL Server Express. SQL Server Compact is not new-it’s been around for a few years, but it’s been severely hobbled in the past by terrible tool support and the inability to support more than a single connection in Microsoft’s attempt to avoid losing SQL Server licensing. The new release of SQL Server Compact 4.0 supports multiple connections and you can run it in ASP.NET web applications simply by installing an assembly into the bin folder of the web application. In effect, you don’t have to install a special system configuration to run SQL Compact as it is a drop-in database engine: Copy the small assembly into your BIN folder (or from the GAC if installed fully), create a connection string against a local file-based database file, and then start firing SQL requests. Additionally WebMatrix includes nice tools to edit the database tables and files, along with tools to easily upsize (and hopefully downsize in the future) to full SQL Server. This is a big win, pending compatibility and performance limits. In my simple testing the data engine performed well enough for small data sets. This is not only useful for web applications, but also for desktop applications for which a fully installed SQL engine like SQL Server would be overkill. Having a local data store in those applications that can potentially be accessed by multiple users is a welcome feature. ASP.NET Razor View Engine What? Yet another native ASP.NET view engine? We already have Web Forms and various different flavors of using that view engine with Web Forms and MVC. Do we really need another? Microsoft thinks so, and Razor is an implementation of a lightweight, script-only view engine. Unlike the Web Forms view engine, Razor works only with inline code, snippets, and markup; therefore, it is more in line with current thinking of what a view engine should represent. There’s no support for a “page model” or any of the other Web Forms features of the full-page framework, but just a lightweight scripting engine that works with plain markup plus embedded expressions and code. The markup syntax for Razor is geared for minimal typing, plus some progressive detection of where a script block/expression starts and ends. This results in a much leaner syntax than the typical ASP.NET Web Forms alligator (<% %>) tags. Razor uses the @ sign plus standard C# (or Visual Basic) block syntax to delineate code snippets and expressions. Here’s a very simple example of what Razor markup looks like along with some comment annotations: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>Razor Test</h1>  @DateTime.Now <hr />  @DateTime.Now.ToString("T")  @{ List<string> names = new List<string>(); names.Add("Rick"); names.Add("Markus"); names.Add("Claudio"); names.Add("Kevin"); }  <ul> @foreach(string name in names){ <li>@name</li> } </ul>  @if(true) {  <text> true </text>; } else {  <text> false </text>; } </body> </html> Like the Web Forms view engine, Razor parses pages into code, and then executes that run-time compiled code. Effectively a “page” becomes a code file with markup becoming literal text written into the Response stream, code snippets becoming raw code, and expressions being written out with Response.Write(). The code generated from Razor doesn’t look much different from similar Web Forms code that only uses script tags; so although the syntax may look different, the operational model is fairly similar to the Web Forms engine minus the overhead of the large Page object model. However, there are differences: -Razor pages are based on a new base class, Microsoft.WebPages.WebPage, which is hosted in the Microsoft.WebPages assembly that houses all the Razor engine parsing and processing logic. Browsing through the assembly (in the generated ASP.NET Temporary Files folder or GAC) will give you a good idea of the functionality that Razor provides. If you look closely, a lot of the feature set matches ASP.NET MVC’s view implementation as well as many of the helper classes found in MVC. It’s not hard to guess the motivation for this sort of view engine: For beginning developers the simple markup syntax is easier to work with, although you obviously still need to have some understanding of the .NET Framework in order to create dynamic content. The syntax is easier to read and grok and much shorter to type than ASP.NET alligator tags (<% %>) and also easier to understand aesthetically what’s happening in the markup code. Razor also is a better fit for Microsoft’s vision of ASP.NET MVC: It’s a new view engine without the baggage of Web Forms attached to it. The engine is more lightweight since it doesn’t carry all the features and object model of Web Forms with it and it can be instantiated directly outside of the HTTP environment, which has been rather tricky to do for the Web Forms view engine. Having a standalone script parser is a huge win for other applications as well – it makes it much easier to create script or meta driven output generators for many types of applications from code/screen generators, to simple form letters to data merging applications with user customizability. For me personally this is very useful side effect and who knows maybe Microsoft will actually standardize they’re scripting engines (die T4 die!) on this engine. Razor also better fits the “view-based” approach where the view is supposed to be mostly a visual representation that doesn’t hold much, if any, code. While you can still use code, the code you do write has to be self-contained. Overall I wouldn’t be surprised if Razor will become the new standard view engine for MVC in the future – and in fact there have been announcements recently that Razor will become the default script engine in ASP.NET MVC 3.0. Razor can also be used in existing Web Forms and MVC applications, although that’s not working currently unless you manually configure the script mappings and add the appropriate assemblies. It’s possible to do it, but it’s probably better to wait until Microsoft releases official support for Razor scripts in Visual Studio. Once that happens, you can simply drop .cshtml and .vbhtml pages into an existing ASP.NET project and they will work side by side with classic ASP.NET pages. WebMatrix Development Environment To tie all of these three technologies together, Microsoft is shipping WebMatrix with an integrated development environment. An integrated gallery manager makes it easy to download and load existing projects, and then extend them with custom functionality. It seems to be a prominent goal to provide community-oriented content that can act as a starting point, be it via a custom templates or a complete standard application. The IDE includes a project manager that works with a single project and provides an integrated IDE/editor for editing the .cshtml and .vbhtml pages. A run button allows you to quickly run pages in the project manager in a variety of browsers. There’s no debugging support for code at this time. Note that Razor pages don’t require explicit compilation, so making a change, saving, and then refreshing your page in the browser is all that’s needed to see changes while testing an application locally. It’s essentially using the auto-compiling Web Project that was introduced with .NET 2.0. All code is compiled during run time into dynamically created assemblies in the ASP.NET temp folder. WebMatrix also has PHP Editing support with syntax highlighting. You can load various PHP-based applications from the WebMatrix Web Gallery directly into the IDE. Most of the Web Gallery applications are ready to install and run without further configuration, with Wizards taking you through installation of tools, dependencies, and configuration of the database as needed. WebMatrix leverages the Web Platform installer to pull the pieces down from websites in a tight integration of tools that worked nicely for the four or five applications I tried this out on. Click a couple of check boxes and fill in a few simple configuration options and you end up with a running application that’s ready to be customized. Nice! You can easily deploy completed applications via WebDeploy (to an IIS server) or FTP directly from within the development environment. The deploy tool also can handle automatically uploading and installing the database and all related assemblies required, making deployment a simple one-click install step. Simplified Database Access The IDE contains a database editor that can edit SQL Compact and SQL Server databases. There is also a Database helper class that facilitates database access by providing easy-to-use, high-level query execution and iteration methods: @{ var db = Database.OpenFile("FirstApp.sdf"); string sql = "select * from customers where Id > @0"; } <ul> @foreach(var row in db.Query(sql,1)){ <li>@row.FirstName @row.LastName</li> } </ul> The query function takes a SQL statement plus any number of positional (@0,@1 etc.) SQL parameters by simple values. The result is returned as a collection of rows which in turn have a row object with dynamic properties for each of the columns giving easy (though untyped) access to each of the fields. Likewise Execute and ExecuteNonQuery allow execution of more complex queries using similar parameter passing schemes. Note these queries use string-based queries rather than LINQ or Entity Framework’s strongly typed LINQ queries. While this may seem like a step back, it’s also in line with the expectations of non .NET script developers who are quite used to writing and using SQL strings in code rather than using OR/M frameworks. The only question is why was something not included from the beginning in .NET and Microsoft made developers build custom implementations of these basic building blocks. The implementation looks a lot like a DataTable-style data access mechanism, but to be fair, this is a common approach in scripting languages. This type of syntax that uses simple, static, data object methods to perform simple data tasks with one line of code are common in scripting languages and are a good match for folks working in PHP/Python, etc. Seems like Microsoft has taken great advantage of .NET 4.0’s dynamic typing to provide this sort of interface for row iteration where each row has properties for each field. FWIW, all the examples demonstrate using local SQL Compact files - I was unable to get a SQL Server connection string to work with the Database class (the connection string wasn’t accepted). However, since the code in the page is still plain old .NET, you can easily use standard ADO.NET code or even LINQ or Entity Framework models that are created outside of WebMatrix in separate assemblies as required. The good the bad the obnoxious - It’s still .NET The beauty (or curse depending on how you look at it :)) of Razor and the compilation model is that, behind it all, it’s still .NET. Although the syntax may look foreign, it’s still all .NET behind the scenes. You can easily access existing tools, helpers, and utilities simply by adding them to the project as references or to the bin folder. Razor automatically recognizes any assembly reference from assemblies in the bin folder. In the default configuration, Microsoft provides a host of helper functions in a Microsoft.WebPages assembly (check it out in the ASP.NET temp folder for your application), which includes a host of HTML Helpers. If you’ve used ASP.NET MVC before, a lot of the helpers should look familiar. Documentation at the moment is sketchy-there’s a very rough API reference you can check out here: http://www.asp.net/webmatrix/tutorials/asp-net-web-pages-api-reference Who needs WebMatrix? Uhm… good Question Clearly Microsoft is trying hard to create an environment with WebMatrix that is easy to use for newbie developers. The goal seems to be simplicity in providing a minimal development environment and an easy-to-use script engine/language that makes it easy to get started with. There’s also some focus on community features that can be used as starting points, such as Web Gallery applications and templates. The community features in particular are very nice and something that would be nice to eventually see in Visual Studio as well. The question is whether this is too little too late. Developers who have been clamoring for a simpler development environment on the .NET stack have mostly left for other simpler platforms like PHP or Python which are catering to the down and dirty developer. Microsoft will be hard pressed to win those folks-and other hardcore PHP developers-back. Regardless of how much you dress up a script engine fronted by the .NET Framework, it’s still the .NET Framework and all the complexity that drives it. While .NET is a fine solution in its breadth and features once you get a basic handle on the core features, the bar of entry to being productive with the .NET Framework is still pretty high. The MVC style helpers Microsoft provides are a good step in the right direction, but I suspect it’s not enough to shield new developers from having to delve much deeper into the Framework to get even basic applications built. Razor and its helpers is trying to make .NET more accessible but the reality is that in order to do useful stuff that goes beyond the handful of simple helpers you still are going to have to write some C# or VB or other .NET code. If the target is a hobby/amateur/non-programmer the learning curve isn’t made any easier by WebMatrix it’s just been shifted a tad bit further along in your development endeavor when you run out of canned components that are supplied either by Microsoft or the community. The database helpers are interesting and actually I’ve heard a lot of discussion from various developers who’ve been resisting .NET for a really long time perking up at the prospect of easier data access in .NET than the ridiculous amount of code it takes to do even simple data access with raw ADO.NET. It seems sad that such a simple concept and implementation should trigger this sort of response (especially since it’s practically trivial to create helpers like these or pick them up from countless libraries available), but there it is. It also shows that there are plenty of developers out there who are more interested in ‘getting stuff done’ easily than necessarily following the latest and greatest practices which are overkill for many development scenarios. Sometimes it seems that all of .NET is focused on the big life changing issues of development, rather than the bread and butter scenarios that many developers are interested in to get their work accomplished. And that in the end may be WebMatrix’s main raison d'être: To bring some focus back at Microsoft that simpler and more high level solutions are actually needed to appeal to the non-high end developers as well as providing the necessary tools for the high end developers who want to follow the latest and greatest trends. The current version of WebMatrix hits many sweet spots, but it also feels like it has a long way to go before it really can be a tool that a beginning developer or an accomplished developer can feel comfortable with. Although there are some really good ideas in the environment (like the gallery for downloading apps and components) which would be a great addition for Visual Studio as well, the rest of the development environment just feels like crippleware with required functionality missing especially debugging and Intellisense, but also general editor support. It’s not clear whether these are because the product is still in an early alpha release or whether it’s simply designed that way to be a really limited development environment. While simple can be good, nobody wants to feel left out when it comes to necessary tool support and WebMatrix just has that left out feeling to it. If anything WebMatrix’s technology pieces (which are really independent of the WebMatrix product) are what are interesting to developers in general. The compact IIS implementation is a nice improvement for development scenarios and SQL Compact 4.0 seems to address a lot of concerns that people have had and have complained about for some time with previous SQL Compact implementations. By far the most interesting and useful technology though seems to be the Razor view engine for its light weight implementation and it’s decoupling from the ASP.NET/HTTP pipeline to provide a standalone scripting/view engine that is pluggable. The first winner of this is going to be ASP.NET MVC which can now have a cleaner view model that isn’t inconsistent due to the baggage of non-implemented WebForms features that don’t work in MVC. But I expect that Razor will end up in many other applications as a scripting and code generation engine eventually. Visual Studio integration for Razor is currently missing, but is promised for a later release. The ASP.NET MVC team has already mentioned that Razor will eventually become the default MVC view engine, which will guarantee continued growth and development of this tool along those lines. And the Razor engine and support tools actually inherit many of the features that MVC pioneered, so there’s some synergy flowing both ways between Razor and MVC. As an existing ASP.NET developer who’s already familiar with Visual Studio and ASP.NET development, the WebMatrix IDE doesn’t give you anything that you want. The tools provided are minimal and provide nothing that you can’t get in Visual Studio today, except the minimal Razor syntax highlighting, so there’s little need to take a step back. With Visual Studio integration coming later there’s little reason to look at WebMatrix for tooling. It’s good to see that Microsoft is giving some thought about the ease of use of .NET as a platform For so many years, we’ve been piling on more and more new features without trying to take a step back and see how complicated the development/configuration/deployment process has become. Sometimes it’s good to take a step - or several steps - back and take another look and realize just how far we’ve come. WebMatrix is one of those reminders and one that likely will result in some positive changes on the platform as a whole. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET IIS7

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eclipse error - org.osgi.framework.BundleException: Exception in org.eclipse.core.internal.net.Activator.start()

- by chaostimmy

i have the following error message written to the workspace log file... i tried several different Eclipse versions and fresh workspaces... !SESSION 2011-01-11 16:56:49.375 ----------------------------------------------- eclipse.buildId=M20100909-0800 java.version=1.6.0_20 java.vendor=Sun Microsystems Inc. BootLoader constants: OS=linux, ARCH=x86_64, WS=gtk, NL=en_US Command-line arguments: -os linux -ws gtk -arch x86_64 !ENTRY org.eclipse.osgi 4 0 2011-01-11 16:57:03.820 !MESSAGE An error occurred while automatically activating bundle org.eclipse.core.net (46). !STACK 0 org.osgi.framework.BundleException: Exception in org.eclipse.core.internal.net.Activator.start() of bundle org.eclipse.core.net. at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.startActivator(BundleContextImpl.java:806) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.start(BundleContextImpl.java:755) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleHost.startWorker(BundleHost.java:370) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.AbstractBundle.start(AbstractBundle.java:284) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.util.SecureAction.start(SecureAction.java:417) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.setLazyTrigger(BundleLoader.java:265) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseLazyStarter.postFindLocalClass(EclipseLazyStarter.java:106) at org.eclipse.osgi.baseadaptor.loader.ClasspathManager.findLocalClass(ClasspathManager.java:453) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.baseadaptor.DefaultClassLoader.findLocalClass(DefaultClassLoader.java:216) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findLocalClass(BundleLoader.java:393) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.SingleSourcePackage.loadClass(SingleSourcePackage.java:33) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClassInternal(BundleLoader.java:466) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClass(BundleLoader.java:422) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClass(BundleLoader.java:410) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.baseadaptor.DefaultClassLoader.loadClass(DefaultClassLoader.java:107) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:169) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.activateProxyService(IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.java:284) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.postStartup(IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.java:264) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.runUI(Workbench.java:2575) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.access$4(Workbench.java:2438) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench$7.run(Workbench.java:671) at org.eclipse.core.databinding.observable.Realm.runWithDefault(Realm.java:332) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.createAndRunWorkbench(Workbench.java:664) at org.eclipse.ui.PlatformUI.createAndRunWorkbench(PlatformUI.java:149) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEApplication.start(IDEApplication.java:115) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppHandle.run(EclipseAppHandle.java:196) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runApplication(EclipseAppLauncher.java:110) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(EclipseAppLauncher.java:79) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:369) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:179) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:619) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:574) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1407) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1383) Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/crypto/BadPaddingException at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.security.storage.SecurePreferencesMapper.open(SecurePreferencesMapper.java:99) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.security.storage.SecurePreferencesMapper.getDefault(SecurePreferencesMapper.java:44) at org.eclipse.equinox.security.storage.SecurePreferencesFactory.getDefault(SecurePreferencesFactory.java:50) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyType.getNode(ProxyType.java:515) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyType.loadProxyAuth(ProxyType.java:525) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyType.createProxyData(ProxyType.java:148) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyType.getProxyData(ProxyType.java:137) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyManager.migrateInstanceScopePreferences(ProxyManager.java:453) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyManager.checkMigrated(ProxyManager.java:418) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyManager.initialize(ProxyManager.java:277) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.Activator.start(Activator.java:179) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl$1.run(BundleContextImpl.java:783) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.startActivator(BundleContextImpl.java:774) ... 39 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.crypto.BadPaddingException at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClassInternal(BundleLoader.java:460) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClass(BundleLoader.java:422) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClass(BundleLoader.java:410) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.baseadaptor.DefaultClassLoader.loadClass(DefaultClassLoader.java:107) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248) ... 53 more Root exception: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/crypto/BadPaddingException at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.security.storage.SecurePreferencesMapper.open(SecurePreferencesMapper.java:99) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.security.storage.SecurePreferencesMapper.getDefault(SecurePreferencesMapper.java:44) at org.eclipse.equinox.security.storage.SecurePreferencesFactory.getDefault(SecurePreferencesFactory.java:50) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyType.getNode(ProxyType.java:515) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyType.loadProxyAuth(ProxyType.java:525) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyType.createProxyData(ProxyType.java:148) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyType.getProxyData(ProxyType.java:137) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyManager.migrateInstanceScopePreferences(ProxyManager.java:453) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyManager.checkMigrated(ProxyManager.java:418) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.ProxyManager.initialize(ProxyManager.java:277) at org.eclipse.core.internal.net.Activator.start(Activator.java:179) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl$1.run(BundleContextImpl.java:783) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.startActivator(BundleContextImpl.java:774) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.start(BundleContextImpl.java:755) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleHost.startWorker(BundleHost.java:370) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.AbstractBundle.start(AbstractBundle.java:284) at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.util.SecureAction.start(SecureAction.java:417) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.setLazyTrigger(BundleLoader.java:265) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseLazyStarter.postFindLocalClass(EclipseLazyStarter.java:106) at org.eclipse.osgi.baseadaptor.loader.ClasspathManager.findLocalClass(ClasspathManager.java:453) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.baseadaptor.DefaultClassLoader.findLocalClass(DefaultClassLoader.java:216) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findLocalClass(BundleLoader.java:393) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.SingleSourcePackage.loadClass(SingleSourcePackage.java:33) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClassInternal(BundleLoader.java:466) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClass(BundleLoader.java:422) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClass(BundleLoader.java:410) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.baseadaptor.DefaultClassLoader.loadClass(DefaultClassLoader.java:107) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248) at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:169) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.activateProxyService(IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.java:284) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.postStartup(IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.java:264) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.runUI(Workbench.java:2575) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.access$4(Workbench.java:2438) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench$7.run(Workbench.java:671) at org.eclipse.core.databinding.observable.Realm.runWithDefault(Realm.java:332) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.createAndRunWorkbench(Workbench.java:664) at org.eclipse.ui.PlatformUI.createAndRunWorkbench(PlatformUI.java:149) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEApplication.start(IDEApplication.java:115) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppHandle.run(EclipseAppHandle.java:196) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runApplication(EclipseAppLauncher.java:110) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(EclipseAppLauncher.java:79) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:369) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:179) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:619) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:574) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1407) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1383) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.crypto.BadPaddingException at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClassInternal(BundleLoader.java:460) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClass(BundleLoader.java:422) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.loader.BundleLoader.findClass(BundleLoader.java:410) at org.eclipse.osgi.internal.baseadaptor.DefaultClassLoader.loadClass(DefaultClassLoader.java:107) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248) ... 53 more !ENTRY org.eclipse.ui.workbench 4 0 2011-01-11 16:57:03.862 !MESSAGE Widget disposed too early! !STACK 0 java.lang.RuntimeException: Widget disposed too early! at org.eclipse.ui.internal.WorkbenchPartReference$1.widgetDisposed(WorkbenchPartReference.java:172) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.TypedListener.handleEvent(TypedListener.java:123) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.EventTable.sendEvent(EventTable.java:84) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1258) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1282) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1263) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1080) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Canvas.releaseChildren(Canvas.java:208) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Decorations.releaseChildren(Decorations.java:469) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Shell.releaseChildren(Shell.java:2305) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.dispose(Widget.java:462) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Shell.dispose(Shell.java:2241) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.release(Display.java:3211) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Device.dispose(Device.java:237) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEApplication.start(IDEApplication.java:131) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppHandle.run(EclipseAppHandle.java:196) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runApplication(EclipseAppLauncher.java:110) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(EclipseAppLauncher.java:79) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:369) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:179) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:619) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:574) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1407) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1383) !ENTRY org.eclipse.ui.workbench 4 0 2011-01-11 16:57:03.868 !MESSAGE Widget disposed too early! !STACK 0 java.lang.RuntimeException: Widget disposed too early! at org.eclipse.ui.internal.WorkbenchPartReference$1.widgetDisposed(WorkbenchPartReference.java:172) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.TypedListener.handleEvent(TypedListener.java:123) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.EventTable.sendEvent(EventTable.java:84) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1258) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1282) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1263) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1080) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Canvas.releaseChildren(Canvas.java:208) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Decorations.releaseChildren(Decorations.java:469) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Shell.releaseChildren(Shell.java:2305) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.dispose(Widget.java:462) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Shell.dispose(Shell.java:2241) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.release(Display.java:3211) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Device.dispose(Device.java:237) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEApplication.start(IDEApplication.java:131) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppHandle.run(EclipseAppHandle.java:196) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runApplication(EclipseAppLauncher.java:110) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(EclipseAppLauncher.java:79) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:369) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:179) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:619) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:574) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1407) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1383) !ENTRY org.eclipse.ui.workbench 4 0 2011-01-11 16:57:03.872 !MESSAGE Widget disposed too early! !STACK 0 java.lang.RuntimeException: Widget disposed too early! at org.eclipse.ui.internal.WorkbenchPartReference$1.widgetDisposed(WorkbenchPartReference.java:172) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.TypedListener.handleEvent(TypedListener.java:123) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.EventTable.sendEvent(EventTable.java:84) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1258) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1282) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.sendEvent(Widget.java:1263) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1080) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite.releaseChildren(Composite.java:1293) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Canvas.releaseChildren(Canvas.java:208) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Decorations.releaseChildren(Decorations.java:469) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Shell.releaseChildren(Shell.java:2305) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.release(Widget.java:1083) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control.release(Control.java:3304) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Widget.dispose(Widget.java:462) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Shell.dispose(Shell.java:2241) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.release(Display.java:3211) at org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Device.dispose(Device.java:237) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEApplication.start(IDEApplication.java:131) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppHandle.run(EclipseAppHandle.java:196) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runApplication(EclipseAppLauncher.java:110) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(EclipseAppLauncher.java:79) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:369) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:179) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:619) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:574) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1407) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1383) !ENTRY org.eclipse.osgi 4 0 2011-01-11 16:57:03.925 !MESSAGE Application error !STACK 1 java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: An error occurred while automatically activating bundle org.eclipse.core.net (46). at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.activateProxyService(IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.java:284) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.postStartup(IDEWorkbenchAdvisor.java:264) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.runUI(Workbench.java:2575) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.access$4(Workbench.java:2438) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench$7.run(Workbench.java:671) at org.eclipse.core.databinding.observable.Realm.runWithDefault(Realm.java:332) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.createAndRunWorkbench(Workbench.java:664) at org.eclipse.ui.PlatformUI.createAndRunWorkbench(PlatformUI.java:149) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEApplication.start(IDEApplication.java:115) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppHandle.run(EclipseAppHandle.java:196) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runApplication(EclipseAppLauncher.java:110) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(EclipseAppLauncher.java:79) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:369) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.java:179) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:619) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:574) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1407) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1383) i dont know what to do =(

Read the article

Problems extracting information from RSS feed description field

- by Graeme

Hi, I've built an iPhone application using the parsing code from the TopSongs sample iPhone application. I've hit a problem though - the feed I'm trying to parse data from doesn't have a separate field for every piece of information (i.e. if it was for a feed about dogs, all the information such as dog type, dog age and dog price is contained in the feed. However, the TopSongs app relies on information having its own tags, so instead of using it uses and . So my question is this. How do I extract this information from the description field so that it can be parsed using the TopSongs parser? Can you somehow extract the dog age, price and type information using Yahoo Pipes and use that RSS feed for the feed? Or is there code that I can add to do it in application? Update: To view the code of my application parser (based on the TopSongs Core Data Apple provided application, see below. Here's a sample of one item from the the actual RSS feed I'm using (the description is longer, and has status,size, and a couple of other fields, but they're all formatted the same.: <item> <title>MOE, MARGRET STREET</title> <description> <b>District/Region:</b> REGION 09</br><b>Location:</b> MOE</br><b>Name:</b> MARGRET STREET</br></description> <pubDate>Thu,11 Mar 2010 05:43:03 GMT</pubDate> <guid>1266148</guid> </item> /* File: iTunesRSSImporter.m Abstract: Downloads, parses, and imports the iTunes top songs RSS feed into Core Data. Version: 1.1 Disclaimer: IMPORTANT: This Apple software is supplied to you by Apple Inc. ("Apple") in consideration of your agreement to the following terms, and your use, installation, modification or redistribution of this Apple software constitutes acceptance of these terms. If you do not agree with these terms, please do not use, install, modify or redistribute this Apple software. In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, and subject to these terms, Apple grants you a personal, non-exclusive license, under Apple's copyrights in this original Apple software (the "Apple Software"), to use, reproduce, modify and redistribute the Apple Software, with or without modifications, in source and/or binary forms; provided that if you redistribute the Apple Software in its entirety and without modifications, you must retain this notice and the following text and disclaimers in all such redistributions of the Apple Software. Neither the name, trademarks, service marks or logos of Apple Inc. may be used to endorse or promote products derived from the Apple Software without specific prior written permission from Apple. Except as expressly stated in this notice, no other rights or licenses, express or implied, are granted by Apple herein, including but not limited to any patent rights that may be infringed by your derivative works or by other works in which the Apple Software may be incorporated. The Apple Software is provided by Apple on an "AS IS" basis. APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE APPLE SOFTWARE OR ITS USE AND OPERATION ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH YOUR PRODUCTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE, REPRODUCTION, MODIFICATION AND/OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE, HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF APPLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Copyright (C) 2009 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. */ #import "iTunesRSSImporter.h" #import "Song.h" #import "Category.h" #import "CategoryCache.h" #import <libxml/tree.h> // Function prototypes for SAX callbacks. This sample implements a minimal subset of SAX callbacks. // Depending on your application's needs, you might want to implement more callbacks. static void startElementSAX(void *context, const xmlChar *localname, const xmlChar *prefix, const xmlChar *URI, int nb_namespaces, const xmlChar **namespaces, int nb_attributes, int nb_defaulted, const xmlChar **attributes); static void endElementSAX(void *context, const xmlChar *localname, const xmlChar *prefix, const xmlChar *URI); static void charactersFoundSAX(void *context, const xmlChar *characters, int length); static void errorEncounteredSAX(void *context, const char *errorMessage, ...); // Forward reference. The structure is defined in full at the end of the file. static xmlSAXHandler simpleSAXHandlerStruct; // Class extension for private properties and methods. @interface iTunesRSSImporter () @property BOOL storingCharacters; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableData *characterBuffer; @property BOOL done; @property BOOL parsingASong; @property NSUInteger countForCurrentBatch; @property (nonatomic, retain) Song *currentSong; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSURLConnection *rssConnection; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter; // The autorelease pool property is assign because autorelease pools cannot be retained. @property (nonatomic, assign) NSAutoreleasePool *importPool; @end static double lookuptime = 0; @implementation iTunesRSSImporter @synthesize iTunesURL, delegate, persistentStoreCoordinator; @synthesize rssConnection, done, parsingASong, storingCharacters, currentSong, countForCurrentBatch, characterBuffer, dateFormatter, importPool; - (void)dealloc { [iTunesURL release]; [characterBuffer release]; [currentSong release]; [rssConnection release]; [dateFormatter release]; [persistentStoreCoordinator release]; [insertionContext release]; [songEntityDescription release]; [theCache release]; [super dealloc]; } - (void)main { self.importPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; if (delegate && [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(importerDidSave:)]) { [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:delegate selector:@selector(importerDidSave:) name:NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification object:self.insertionContext]; } done = NO; self.dateFormatter = [[[NSDateFormatter alloc] init] autorelease]; [dateFormatter setDateStyle:NSDateFormatterLongStyle]; [dateFormatter setTimeStyle:NSDateFormatterNoStyle]; // necessary because iTunes RSS feed is not localized, so if the device region has been set to other than US // the date formatter must be set to US locale in order to parse the dates [dateFormatter setLocale:[[[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"US"] autorelease]]; self.characterBuffer = [NSMutableData data]; NSURLRequest *theRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:iTunesURL]; // create the connection with the request and start loading the data rssConnection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self]; // This creates a context for "push" parsing in which chunks of data that are not "well balanced" can be passed // to the context for streaming parsing. The handler structure defined above will be used for all the parsing. // The second argument, self, will be passed as user data to each of the SAX handlers. The last three arguments // are left blank to avoid creating a tree in memory. context = xmlCreatePushParserCtxt(&simpleSAXHandlerStruct, self, NULL, 0, NULL); if (rssConnection != nil) { do { [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]]; } while (!done); } // Display the total time spent finding a specific object for a relationship NSLog(@"lookup time %f", lookuptime); // Release resources used only in this thread. xmlFreeParserCtxt(context); self.characterBuffer = nil; self.dateFormatter = nil; self.rssConnection = nil; self.currentSong = nil; [theCache release]; theCache = nil; NSError *saveError = nil; NSAssert1([insertionContext save:&saveError], @"Unhandled error saving managed object context in import thread: %@", [saveError localizedDescription]); if (delegate && [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(importerDidSave:)]) { [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:delegate name:NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification object:self.insertionContext]; } if (self.delegate != nil && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(importerDidFinishParsingData:)]) { [self.delegate importerDidFinishParsingData:self]; } [importPool release]; self.importPool = nil; } - (NSManagedObjectContext *)insertionContext { if (insertionContext == nil) { insertionContext = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init]; [insertionContext setPersistentStoreCoordinator:self.persistentStoreCoordinator]; } return insertionContext; } - (void)forwardError:(NSError *)error { if (self.delegate != nil && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(importer:didFailWithError:)]) { [self.delegate importer:self didFailWithError:error]; } } - (NSEntityDescription *)songEntityDescription { if (songEntityDescription == nil) { songEntityDescription = [[NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Song" inManagedObjectContext:self.insertionContext] retain]; } return songEntityDescription; } - (CategoryCache *)theCache { if (theCache == nil) { theCache = [[CategoryCache alloc] init]; theCache.managedObjectContext = self.insertionContext; } return theCache; } - (Song *)currentSong { if (currentSong == nil) { currentSong = [[Song alloc] initWithEntity:self.songEntityDescription insertIntoManagedObjectContext:self.insertionContext]; } return currentSong; } #pragma mark NSURLConnection Delegate methods // Forward errors to the delegate. - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error { [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(forwardError:) withObject:error waitUntilDone:NO]; // Set the condition which ends the run loop. done = YES; } // Called when a chunk of data has been downloaded. - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data { // Process the downloaded chunk of data. xmlParseChunk(context, (const char *)[data bytes], [data length], 0); } - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { // Signal the context that parsing is complete by passing "1" as the last parameter. xmlParseChunk(context, NULL, 0, 1); context = NULL; // Set the condition which ends the run loop. done = YES; } #pragma mark Parsing support methods static const NSUInteger kImportBatchSize = 20; - (void)finishedCurrentSong { parsingASong = NO; self.currentSong = nil; countForCurrentBatch++; // Periodically purge the autorelease pool and save the context. The frequency of this action may need to be tuned according to the // size of the objects being parsed. The goal is to keep the autorelease pool from growing too large, but // taking this action too frequently would be wasteful and reduce performance. if (countForCurrentBatch == kImportBatchSize) { [importPool release]; self.importPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSError *saveError = nil; NSAssert1([insertionContext save:&saveError], @"Unhandled error saving managed object context in import thread: %@", [saveError localizedDescription]); countForCurrentBatch = 0; } } /* Character data is appended to a buffer until the current element ends. */ - (void)appendCharacters:(const char *)charactersFound length:(NSInteger)length { [characterBuffer appendBytes:charactersFound length:length]; } - (NSString *)currentString { // Create a string with the character data using UTF-8 encoding. UTF-8 is the default XML data encoding. NSString *currentString = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:characterBuffer encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] autorelease]; [characterBuffer setLength:0]; return currentString; } @end #pragma mark SAX Parsing Callbacks // The following constants are the XML element names and their string lengths for parsing comparison. // The lengths include the null terminator, to ensure exact matches. static const char *kName_Item = "item"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Item = 5; static const char *kName_Title = "title"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Title = 6; static const char *kName_Category = "category"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Category = 9; static const char *kName_Itms = "itms"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Itms = 5; static const char *kName_Artist = "description"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Artist = 7; static const char *kName_Album = "description"; static const NSUInteger kLength_Album = 6; static const char *kName_ReleaseDate = "releasedate"; static const NSUInteger kLength_ReleaseDate = 12; /* This callback is invoked when the importer finds the beginning of a node in the XML. For this application, out parsing needs are relatively modest - we need only match the node name. An "item" node is a record of data about a song. In that case we create a new Song object. The other nodes of interest are several of the child nodes of the Song currently being parsed. For those nodes we want to accumulate the character data in a buffer. Some of the child nodes use a namespace prefix. */ static void startElementSAX(void *parsingContext, const xmlChar *localname, const xmlChar *prefix, const xmlChar *URI, int nb_namespaces, const xmlChar **namespaces, int nb_attributes, int nb_defaulted, const xmlChar **attributes) { iTunesRSSImporter *importer = (iTunesRSSImporter *)parsingContext; // The second parameter to strncmp is the name of the element, which we known from the XML schema of the feed. // The third parameter to strncmp is the number of characters in the element name, plus 1 for the null terminator. if (prefix == NULL && !strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Item, kLength_Item)) { importer.parsingASong = YES; } else if (importer.parsingASong && ( (prefix == NULL && (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Title, kLength_Title) || !strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Category, kLength_Category))) || ((prefix != NULL && !strncmp((const char *)prefix, kName_Itms, kLength_Itms)) && (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Artist, kLength_Artist) || !strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Album, kLength_Album) || !strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_ReleaseDate, kLength_ReleaseDate))) )) { importer.storingCharacters = YES; } } /* This callback is invoked when the parse reaches the end of a node. At that point we finish processing that node, if it is of interest to us. For "item" nodes, that means we have completed parsing a Song object. We pass the song to a method in the superclass which will eventually deliver it to the delegate. For the other nodes we care about, this means we have all the character data. The next step is to create an NSString using the buffer contents and store that with the current Song object. */ static void endElementSAX(void *parsingContext, const xmlChar *localname, const xmlChar *prefix, const xmlChar *URI) { iTunesRSSImporter *importer = (iTunesRSSImporter *)parsingContext; if (importer.parsingASong == NO) return; if (prefix == NULL) { if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Item, kLength_Item)) { [importer finishedCurrentSong]; } else if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Title, kLength_Title)) { importer.currentSong.title = importer.currentString; } else if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Category, kLength_Category)) { double before = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate]; Category *category = [importer.theCache categoryWithName:importer.currentString]; double delta = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate] - before; lookuptime += delta; importer.currentSong.category = category; } } else if (!strncmp((const char *)prefix, kName_Itms, kLength_Itms)) { if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Artist, kLength_Artist)) { NSString *string = importer.currentSong.artist; NSArray *strings = [string componentsSeparatedByString: @", "]; //importer.currentSong.artist = importer.currentString; } else if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_Album, kLength_Album)) { importer.currentSong.album = importer.currentString; } else if (!strncmp((const char *)localname, kName_ReleaseDate, kLength_ReleaseDate)) { NSString *dateString = importer.currentString; importer.currentSong.releaseDate = [importer.dateFormatter dateFromString:dateString]; } } importer.storingCharacters = NO; } /* This callback is invoked when the parser encounters character data inside a node. The importer class determines how to use the character data. */ static void charactersFoundSAX(void *parsingContext, const xmlChar *characterArray, int numberOfCharacters) { iTunesRSSImporter *importer = (iTunesRSSImporter *)parsingContext; // A state variable, "storingCharacters", is set when nodes of interest begin and end. // This determines whether character data is handled or ignored. if (importer.storingCharacters == NO) return; [importer appendCharacters:(const char *)characterArray length:numberOfCharacters]; } /* A production application should include robust error handling as part of its parsing implementation. The specifics of how errors are handled depends on the application. */ static void errorEncounteredSAX(void *parsingContext, const char *errorMessage, ...) { // Handle errors as appropriate for your application. NSCAssert(NO, @"Unhandled error encountered during SAX parse."); } // The handler struct has positions for a large number of callback functions. If NULL is supplied at a given position, // that callback functionality won't be used. Refer to libxml documentation at http://www.xmlsoft.org for more information // about the SAX callbacks. static xmlSAXHandler simpleSAXHandlerStruct = { NULL, /* internalSubset */ NULL, /* isStandalone */ NULL, /* hasInternalSubset */ NULL, /* hasExternalSubset */ NULL, /* resolveEntity */ NULL, /* getEntity */ NULL, /* entityDecl */ NULL, /* notationDecl */ NULL, /* attributeDecl */ NULL, /* elementDecl */ NULL, /* unparsedEntityDecl */ NULL, /* setDocumentLocator */ NULL, /* startDocument */ NULL, /* endDocument */ NULL, /* startElement*/ NULL, /* endElement */ NULL, /* reference */ charactersFoundSAX, /* characters */ NULL, /* ignorableWhitespace */ NULL, /* processingInstruction */ NULL, /* comment */ NULL, /* warning */ errorEncounteredSAX, /* error */ NULL, /* fatalError //: unused error() get all the errors */ NULL, /* getParameterEntity */ NULL, /* cdataBlock */ NULL, /* externalSubset */ XML_SAX2_MAGIC, // NULL, startElementSAX, /* startElementNs */ endElementSAX, /* endElementNs */ NULL, /* serror */ }; Thanks.

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Where is this System.MissingMethodException occurring? How can I tell?

- by Jeremy Holovacs

I am a newbie to ASP.NET MVC (v2), and I am trying to use a strongly-typed view tied to a model object that contains two optional multi-select listbox objects. Upon clicking the submit button, these objects may have 0 or more values selected for them. My model class looks like this: using System; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ModelClasses.Messages { public class ComposeMessage { public bool is_html { get; set; } public bool is_urgent { get; set; } public string message_subject { get; set; } public string message_text { get; set; } public string action { get; set; } public MultiSelectList recipients { get; set; } public MultiSelectList recipient_roles { get; set; } public ComposeMessage() { this.is_html = false; this.is_urgent = false; this.recipients = new MultiSelectList(new Dictionary<int, string>(), "Key", "Value"); this.recipient_roles = new MultiSelectList(new Dictionary<int, string>(), "Key", "Value"); } } } My view looks like this: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<ModelClasses.Messages.ComposeMessage>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">Compose A Message </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <h2> Compose A New Message:</h2> <br /> <span id="navigation_top"> <%= Html.ActionLink("\\Home", "Index", "Home") %><%= Html.ActionLink("\\Messages", "Home") %></span> <% using (Html.BeginForm()) { %> <fieldset> <legend>Message Headers</legend> <label for="message_subject"> Subject:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("message_subject")%> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("message_subject")%> <label for="selected_recipients"> Recipient Users:</label> <%= Html.ListBox("recipients") %> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("selected_recipients")%> <label for="selected_recipient_roles"> Recipient Roles:</label> <%= Html.ListBox("recipient_roles") %> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("selected_recipient_roles")%> <label for="is_urgent"> Urgent?</label> <%= Html.CheckBox("is_urgent") %> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("is_urgent")%> </fieldset> <fieldset> <legend>Message Text</legend> <%= Html.TextArea("message_text") %> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("message_text")%> </fieldset> <input type="reset" name="reset" id="reset" value="Reset" /> <input type="submit" name="action" id="send_message" value="Send" /> <% } %> <span id="navigation_bottom"> <%= Html.ActionLink("\\Home", "Index", "Home") %><%= Html.ActionLink("\\Messages", "Home") %></span> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content3" ContentPlaceHolderID="Scripts" runat="server"> </asp:Content> I have a parameterless ActionResult in my MessagesController like this: [Authorize] public ActionResult ComposeMessage() { ModelClasses.Messages.ComposeMessage FormData = new ModelClasses.Messages.ComposeMessage(); Common C = (Common)Session["Common"]; FormData.recipients = new MultiSelectList(C.AvailableUsers, "Key", "Value"); FormData.recipient_roles = new MultiSelectList(C.AvailableRoles, "Key", "Value"); return View(FormData); } ...and my model-based controller looks like this: [Authorize, AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult ComposeMessage(DCASS3.Classes.Messages.ComposeMessage FormData) { DCASSUser CurrentUser = (DCASSUser)Session["CurrentUser"]; Common C = (Common)Session["Common"]; //... (business logic) return View(FormData); } Problem is, I can access the page fine before a submit. When I actually make selections and press the submit button, however, I get: Server Error in '/' Application. No parameterless constructor defined for this object. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.MissingMethodException: No parameterless constructor defined for this object. Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [MissingMethodException: No parameterless constructor defined for this object.] System.RuntimeTypeHandle.CreateInstance(RuntimeType type, Boolean publicOnly, Boolean noCheck, Boolean& canBeCached, RuntimeMethodHandle& ctor, Boolean& bNeedSecurityCheck) +0 System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceSlow(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean fillCache) +86 System.RuntimeType.CreateInstanceImpl(Boolean publicOnly, Boolean skipVisibilityChecks, Boolean fillCache) +230 System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type, Boolean nonPublic) +67 System.Activator.CreateInstance(Type type) +6 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.CreateModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Type modelType) +307 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindSimpleModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, ValueProviderResult valueProviderResult) +495 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) +473 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.GetPropertyValue(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor, IModelBinder propertyBinder) +45 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindProperty(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor) +642 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindProperties(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) +144 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindComplexElementalModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Object model) +95 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindComplexModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) +2386 System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) +539 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.GetParameterValue(ControllerContext controllerContext, ParameterDescriptor parameterDescriptor) +447 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.GetParameterValues(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor) +173 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, String actionName) +801 System.Web.Mvc.Controller.ExecuteCore() +151 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerBase.Execute(RequestContext requestContext) +105 System.Web.Mvc.ControllerBase.System.Web.Mvc.IController.Execute(RequestContext requestContext) +36 System.Web.Mvc.<c_DisplayClass8.b_4() +65 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<c_DisplayClass1.b_0() +44 System.Web.Mvc.Async.<c__DisplayClass81.<BeginSynchronous>b__7(IAsyncResult _) +42 System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResult1.End() +140 System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncResultWrapper.End(IAsyncResult asyncResult, Object tag) +54 System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncResultWrapper.End(IAsyncResult asyncResult, Object tag) +40 System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +52 System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result) +36 System.Web.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +8677678 System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +155 Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:2.0.50727.3603; ASP.NET Version:2.0.50727.3082 This error shows up before I can trap it. I have no idea where it's choking, or what it's choking on. I don't see any point of this model that cannot be created with a parameterless constructor, and I can't find out where it's dying... Help is appreciated, thanks. -Jeremy

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Need help with copy constructor for very basic implementation of singly linked lists

- by Jesus

Last week, we created a program that manages sets of strings, using classes and vectors. I was able to complete this 100%. This week, we have to replace the vector we used to store strings in our class with simple singly linked lists. The function basically allows users to declare sets of strings that are empty, and sets with only one element. In the main file, there is a vector whose elements are a struct that contain setName and strSet (class). HERE IS MY PROBLEM: It deals with the copy constructor of the class. When I remove/comment out the copy constructor, I can declare as many empty or single sets as I want, and output their values without a problem. But I know I will obviously need the copy constructor for when I implement the rest of the program. When I leave the copy constructor in, I can declare one set, either single or empty, and output its value. But if I declare a 2nd set, and i try to output either of the first two sets, i get a Segmentation Fault. Moreover, if i try to declare more then 2 sets, I get a Segmentation Fault. Any help would be appreciated!! Here is my code for a very basic implementation of everything: Here is the setcalc.cpp: (main file) #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include <cstring> #include <string> #include "help.h" #include "strset2.h" using namespace std; // Declares of structure to hold all the sets defined struct setsOfStr { string nameOfSet; strSet stringSet; }; // Checks if the set name inputted is unique bool isSetNameUnique( vector<setsOfStr> strSetArr, string setName) { for(unsigned int i = 0; i < strSetArr.size(); i++) { if( strSetArr[i].nameOfSet == setName ) { return false; } } return true; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char commandChoice; // Declares a vector with our declared structure as the type vector<setsOfStr> strSetVec; string setName; string singleEle; // Sets a loop that will constantly ask for a command until 'q' is typed while (1) { // declaring a set to be empty if(commandChoice == 'd') { cin >> setName; // Check that the set name inputted is unique if (isSetNameUnique(strSetVec, setName) == true) { strSet emptyStrSet; setsOfStr set1; set1.nameOfSet = setName; set1.stringSet = emptyStrSet; strSetVec.push_back(set1); } else { cerr << "ERROR: Re-declaration of set '" << setName << "'\n"; } } // declaring a set to be a singleton else if(commandChoice == 's') { cin >> setName; cin >> singleEle; // Check that the set name inputted is unique if (isSetNameUnique(strSetVec, setName) == true) { strSet singleStrSet(singleEle); setsOfStr set2; set2.nameOfSet = setName; set2.stringSet = singleStrSet; strSetVec.push_back(set2); } else { cerr << "ERROR: Re-declaration of set '" << setName << "'\n"; } } // using the output function else if(commandChoice == 'o') { cin >> setName; if(isSetNameUnique(strSetVec, setName) == false) { // loop through until the set name is matched and call output on its strSet for(unsigned int k = 0; k < strSetVec.size(); k++) { if( strSetVec[k].nameOfSet == setName ) { (strSetVec[k].stringSet).output(); } } } else { cerr << "ERROR: No such set '" << setName << "'\n"; } } // quitting else if(commandChoice == 'q') { break; } else { cerr << "ERROR: Ignoring bad command: '" << commandChoice << "'\n"; } } return 0; } Here is the strSet2.h: #ifndef _STRSET_ #define _STRSET_ #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> struct node { std::string s1; node * next; }; class strSet { private: node * first; public: strSet (); // Create empty set strSet (std::string s); // Create singleton set strSet (const strSet &copy); // Copy constructor // will implement destructor later void output() const; strSet& operator = (const strSet& rtSide); // Assignment }; // End of strSet class #endif // _STRSET_ And here is the strSet2.cpp (implementation of class) #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> #include "strset2.h" using namespace std; strSet::strSet() { first = NULL; } strSet::strSet(string s) { node *temp; temp = new node; temp->s1 = s; temp->next = NULL; first = temp; } strSet::strSet(const strSet& copy) { cout << "copy-cst\n"; node *n = copy.first; node *prev = NULL; while (n) { node *newNode = new node; newNode->s1 = n->s1; newNode->next = NULL; if (prev) { prev->next = newNode; } else { first = newNode; } prev = newNode; n = n->next; } } void strSet::output() const { if(first == NULL) { cout << "Empty set\n"; } else { node *temp; temp = first; while(1) { cout << temp->s1 << endl; if(temp->next == NULL) break; temp = temp->next; } } } strSet& strSet::operator = (const strSet& rtSide) { first = rtSide.first; return *this; }

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NetBeans Development 7 - Windows 7 64-bit … JNI native calls ... a how to guide

- by CirrusFlyer

I provide this for you to hopefully save you some time and pain. As part of my expereince in getting to know NB Development v7 on my Windows 64-bit workstation I found another frustrating adventure in trying to get the JNI (Java Native Interface) abilities up and working in my project. As such, I am including a brief summary of steps required (as all the documentation I found was completely incorrect for these versions of Windows and NetBeans on how to do JNI). It took a couple of days of experimentation and reviewing every webpage I could find that included these technologies as keyword searches. Yuk!! Not fun. To begin, as NetBeans Development is "all about modules" if you are reading this you probably have a need for one, or more, of your modules to perform JNI calls. Most of what is available on this site or the Internet in general (not to mention the help file in NB7) is either completely wrong for these versions, or so sparse as to be essentially unuseful to anyone other than a JNI expert. Here is what you are looking for ... the "cut to the chase" - "how to guide" to get a JNI call up and working on your NB7 / Windows 64-bit box. 1) From within your NetBeans Module (not the host appliation) declair your native method(s) and make sure you can compile the Java source without errors. Example: package org.mycompanyname.nativelogic; public class NativeInterfaceTest { static { try { if (System.getProperty( "os.arch" ).toLowerCase().equals( "amd64" ) ) System.loadLibrary( <64-bit_folder_name_on_file_system>/<file_name.dll> ); else System.loadLibrary( <32-bit_folder_name_on_file_system>/<file_name.dll> ); } catch (SecurityException se) {} catch (UnsatisfieldLinkError ule) {} catch (NullPointerException npe) {} } public NativeInterfaceTest() {} native String echoString(String s); } Take notice to the fact that we only load the Assembly once (as it's in a static block), because othersise you will throw exceptions if attempting to load it again. Also take note of our single (in this example) native method titled "echoString". This is the method that our C / C++ application is going to implement, then via the majic of JNI we'll call from our Java code. 2) If using a 64-bit version of Windows (which we are here) we need to open a 64-bit Visual Studio Command Prompt (versus the standard 32-bit version), and execute the "vcvarsall" BAT file, along with an "amd64" command line argument, to set the environment up for 64-bit tools. Example: <path_to_Microsoft_Visual_Studio_10.0>/VC/vcvarsall.bat amd64 Take note that you can use any version of the C / C++ compiler from Microsoft you wish. I happen to have Visual Studio 2005, 2008, and 2010 installed on my box so I chose to use "v10.0" but any that support 64-bit development will work fine. The other important aspect here is the "amd64" param. 3) In the Command Prompt change drives \ directories on your computer so that you are at the root of the fully qualified Class location on the file system that contains your native method declairation. Example: The fully qualified class name for my natively declair method is "org.mycompanyname.nativelogic.NativeInterfaceTest". As we successfully compiled our Java in Step 1 above, we should find it contained in our NetBeans Module something similar to the following: "/build/classes/org/mycompanyname/nativelogic/NativeInterfaceTest.class" We need to make sure our Command Prompt sets, as the current directly, "/build/classes" because of our next step. 4) In this step we'll create our C / C++ Header file that contains the JNI required statments. Type the following in the Command Prompt: javah -jni org.mycompanyname.nativelogic.NativeInterfaceTest and hit enter. If you receive any kind of error that states this is an unrecognized command that simply means your Windows computer does not know the PATH to that command (it's in your /bin folder). Either run the command from there, or include the fully qualified path name when invoking this application, or set your computer's PATH environmental variable to include that path in its search. This should produce a file called "org_mycompanyname_nativelogic_NativeInterfaceTest.h" ... a C Header file. I'd make a copy of this in case you need a backup later. 5) Edit the NativeInterfaceTest.h header file and include an implementation for the echoString() method. Example: JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_org_mycompanyname_nativelogic_NativeInterfaceTest_echoString (JNIEnv *env, jobject jobj, jstring js) { return((*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "My JNI is up and working after lots of research")); } Notice how you can't simply return a normal Java String (because you're in C at the moment). You have to tell the passed in JVM variable to create a Java String for you that will be returned back. Check out the following Oracle web page for other data types and how to create them for JNI purposes. 6) Close and Save your changes to the Header file. Now that you've added an implementation to the Header change the file extention from ".h" to ".c" as it's now a C source code file that properly implements the JNI required interface. Example: NativeInterfaceTest.c 7) We need to compile the newly created source code file and Link it too. From within the Command Prompt type the following: cl /I"path_to_my_jdks_include_folder" /I"path_to_my_jdks_include_win32_folder" /D:AMD64=1 /LD NativeInterfaceTest.c /FeNativeInterfaceTest.dll /link /machine:x64 Example: cl /I"D:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_21/include" /I"D:/Program Files/java/jdk1.6.0_21/include/win32" /D:AMD64=1 /LD NativeInterfaceTest.c /FeNativeInterfaceTest.dll /link /machine:x64 Notice the quotes around the paths to the 'include" and 'include/win32' folders is required because I have spaces in my folder names ... 'Program Files'. You can include them if you have no spaces without problems, but they are mandatory if you have spaces when using a command prompt. This will generate serveral files, but it's the DLL we're interested in. This is what the System.loadLirbary() java method is looking for. 8) Congratuations! You're at the last step. Simply take the DLL Assembly and paste it at the following location: <path_of_NetBeansProjects_folder>/<project_name>/<module_name>/build/cluster/modules/lib/x64 Note that you'll probably have to create the "lib" and "x64" folders. Example: C:\Users\<user_name>\Documents\NetBeansProjects\<application_name>\<module_name>\build\cluster\modules\lib\x64\NativeInterfaceTest.dll Java code ... notice how we don't inlude the ".dll" file extension in the loadLibrary() call? System.loadLibrary( "/x64/NativeInterfaceTest" ); Now, in your Java code you can create a NativeInterfaceTest object and call the echoString() method and it will return the String value you typed in the NativeInterfaceTest.c source code file. Hopefully this will save you the brain damage I endured trying to figure all this out on my own. Good luck and happy coding!

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file doesn't open, running outside of debugger results in seg fault (c++)

- by misterich

Hello (and thanks in advance) I'm in a bit of a quandry, I cant seem to figure out why I'm seg faulting. A couple of notes: It's for a course -- and sadly I am required to use use C-strings instead of std::string. Please dont fix my code (I wont learn that way and I will keep bugging you). please just point out the flaws in my logic and suggest a different function/way. platform: gcc version 4.4.1 on Suse Linux 11.2 (2.6.31 kernel) Here's the code main.cpp: // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // INCLUDES (C/C++ Std Library) #include <cstdlib> /// EXIT_SUCCESS, EXIT_FAILURE #include <iostream> /// cin, cout, ifstream #include <cassert> /// assert // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEPENDENCIES (custom header files) #include "dict.h" /// Header for the dictionary class // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRE-PROCESSOR CONSTANTS #define ENTER '\n' /// Used to accept new lines, quit program. #define SPACE ' ' /// One way to end the program // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CUSTOM DATA TYPES /// File Namespace -- keep it local namespace { /// Possible program prompts to display for the user. enum FNS_Prompts { fileName_, /// prints out the name of the file noFile_, /// no file was passed to the program tooMany_, /// more than one file was passed to the program noMemory_, /// Not enough memory to use the program usage_, /// how to use the program word_, /// ask the user to define a word. notFound_, /// the word is not in the dictionary done_, /// the program is closing normally }; } // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Namespace using namespace std; /// Nothing special in the way of namespaces // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // FUNCTIONS /** prompt() prompts the user to do something, uses enum Prompts for parameter. */ void prompt(FNS_Prompts msg /** determines the prompt to use*/) { switch(msg) { case fileName_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "The file name is: "; break; } case noFile_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "...Sorry, a dictionary file is needed. Try again." << endl; break; } case tooMany_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "...Sorry, you can only specify one dictionary file. Try again." << endl; break; } case noMemory_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "...Sorry, there isn't enough memory available to run this program." << endl; break; } case usage_ : { cout << "USAGE:" << endl << " lookup.exe [dictionary file name]" << endl << endl; break; } case done_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "like Master P says, \"Word.\"" << ENTER << endl; break; } case word_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "Enter a word in the dictionary to get it's definition." << ENTER << "Enter \"?\" to get a sorted list of all words in the dictionary." << ENTER << "... Press the Enter key to quit the program: "; break; } case notFound_ : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "...Sorry, that word is not in the dictionary." << endl; break; } default : { cout << ENTER << ENTER << "something passed an invalid enum to prompt(). " << endl; assert(false); /// something passed in an invalid enum } } } /** useDictionary() uses the dictionary created by createDictionary * - prompts user to lookup a word * - ends when the user enters an empty word */ void useDictionary(Dictionary &d) { char *userEntry = new char; /// user's input on the command line if( !userEntry ) // check the pointer to the heap { cout << ENTER << MEM_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } do { prompt(word_); // test code cout << endl << "----------------------------------------" << endl << "Enter something: "; cin.getline(userEntry, INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN, ENTER); cout << ENTER << userEntry << endl; }while ( userEntry[0] != NIL && userEntry[0] != SPACE ); // GARBAGE COLLECTION delete[] userEntry; } /** Program Entry * Reads in the required, single file from the command prompt. * - If there is no file, state such and error out. * - If there is more than one file, state such and error out. * - If there is a single file: * - Create the database object * - Populate the database object * - Prompt the user for entry * main() will return EXIT_SUCCESS upon termination. */ int main(int argc, /// the number of files being passed into the program char *argv[] /// pointer to the filename being passed into tthe program ) { // EXECUTE /* Testing code * / char tempFile[INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN] = {NIL}; cout << "enter filename: "; cin.getline(tempFile, INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN, '\n'); */ // uncomment after successful debugging if(argc <= 1) { prompt(noFile_); prompt(usage_); return EXIT_FAILURE; /// no file was passed to the program } else if(argc > 2) { prompt(tooMany_); prompt(usage_); return EXIT_FAILURE; /// more than one file was passed to the program } else { prompt(fileName_); cout << argv[1]; // print out name of dictionary file if( !argv[1] ) { prompt(noFile_); prompt(usage_); return EXIT_FAILURE; /// file does not exist } /* file.open( argv[1] ); // open file numEntries >> in.getline(file); // determine number of dictionary objects to create file.close(); // close file Dictionary[ numEntries ](argv[1]); // create the dictionary object */ // TEMPORARY FILE FOR TESTING!!!! //Dictionary scrabble(tempFile); Dictionary scrabble(argv[1]); // creaate the dicitonary object //*/ useDictionary(scrabble); // prompt the user, use the dictionary } // exit return EXIT_SUCCESS; /// terminate program. } Dict.h/.cpp #ifndef DICT_H #define DICT_H // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEPENDENCIES (Custom header files) #include "entry.h" /// class for dictionary entries // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRE-PROCESSOR MACROS #define INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN 256 /// Maximum length of each line in the dictionary file class Dictionary { public : // // Do NOT modify the public section of this class // typedef void (*WordDefFunc)(const char *word, const char *definition); Dictionary( const char *filename ); ~Dictionary(); const char *lookupDefinition( const char *word ); void forEach( WordDefFunc func ); private : // // You get to provide the private members // // VARIABLES int m_numEntries; /// stores the number of entries in the dictionary Entry *m_DictEntry_ptr; /// points to an array of class Entry // Private Functions }; #endif ----------------------------------- // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // INCLUDES (C/C++ Std Library) #include <iostream> /// cout, getline #include <fstream> // ifstream #include <cstring> /// strchr // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEPENDENCIES (custom header files) #include "dict.h" /// Header file required by assignment //#include "entry.h" /// Dicitonary Entry Class // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRE-PROCESSOR MACROS #define COMMA ',' /// Delimiter for file #define ENTER '\n' /// Carriage return character #define FILE_ERR_MSG "The data file could not be opened. Program will now terminate." #pragma warning(disable : 4996) /// turn off MS compiler warning about strcpy() // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Namespace reference using namespace std; // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRIVATE MEMBER FUNCTIONS /** * Sorts the dictionary entries. */ /* static void sortDictionary(?) { // sort through the words using qsort } */ /** NO LONGER NEEDED?? * parses out the length of the first cell in a delimited cell * / int getWordLength(char *str /// string of data to parse ) { return strcspn(str, COMMA); } */ // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PUBLIC MEMBER FUNCTIONS /** constructor for the class * - opens/reads in file * - creates initializes the array of member vars * - creates pointers to entry objects * - stores pointers to entry objects in member var * - ? sort now or later? */ Dictionary::Dictionary( const char *filename ) { // Create a filestream, open the file to be read in ifstream dataFile(filename, ios::in ); /* if( dataFile.fail() ) { cout << FILE_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } */ if( dataFile.is_open() ) { // read first line of data // TEST CODE in.getline(dataFile, INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN) >> m_numEntries; // TEST CODE char temp[INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN] = {NIL}; // TEST CODE dataFile.getline(temp,INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN,'\n'); dataFile >> m_numEntries; /** Number of terms in the dictionary file * \todo find out how many lines in the file, subtract one, ingore first line */ //create the array of entries m_DictEntry_ptr = new Entry[m_numEntries]; // check for valid memory allocation if( !m_DictEntry_ptr ) { cout << MEM_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // loop thru each line of the file, parsing words/def's and populating entry objects for(int EntryIdx = 0; EntryIdx < m_numEntries; ++EntryIdx) { // VARIABLES char *tempW_ptr; /// points to a temporary word char *tempD_ptr; /// points to a temporary def char *w_ptr; /// points to the word in the Entry object char *d_ptr; /// points to the definition in the Entry int tempWLen; /// length of the temp word string int tempDLen; /// length of the temp def string char tempLine[INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN] = {NIL}; /// stores a single line from the file // EXECUTE // getline(dataFile, tempLine) // get a "word,def" line from the file dataFile.getline(tempLine, INPUT_LINE_MAX_LEN); // get a "word,def" line from the file // Parse the string tempW_ptr = tempLine; // point the temp word pointer at the first char in the line tempD_ptr = strchr(tempLine, COMMA); // point the def pointer at the comma *tempD_ptr = NIL; // replace the comma with a NIL ++tempD_ptr; // increment the temp def pointer // find the string lengths... +1 to account for terminator tempWLen = strlen(tempW_ptr) + 1; tempDLen = strlen(tempD_ptr) + 1; // Allocate heap memory for the term and defnition w_ptr = new char[ tempWLen ]; d_ptr = new char[ tempDLen ]; // check memory allocation if( !w_ptr && !d_ptr ) { cout << MEM_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // copy the temp word, def into the newly allocated memory and terminate the strings strcpy(w_ptr,tempW_ptr); w_ptr[tempWLen] = NIL; strcpy(d_ptr,tempD_ptr); d_ptr[tempDLen] = NIL; // set the pointers for the entry objects m_DictEntry_ptr[ EntryIdx ].setWordPtr(w_ptr); m_DictEntry_ptr[ EntryIdx ].setDefPtr(d_ptr); } // close the file dataFile.close(); } else { cout << ENTER << FILE_ERR_MSG << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } } /** * cleans up dynamic memory */ Dictionary::~Dictionary() { delete[] m_DictEntry_ptr; /// thou shalt not have memory leaks. } /** * Looks up definition */ /* const char *lookupDefinition( const char *word ) { // print out the word ---- definition } */ /** * prints out the entire dictionary in sorted order */ /* void forEach( WordDefFunc func ) { // to sort before or now.... that is the question } */ Entry.h/cpp #ifndef ENTRY_H #define ENTRY_H // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // INCLUDES (C++ Std lib) #include <cstdlib> /// EXIT_SUCCESS, NULL // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PRE-PROCESSOR MACROS #define NIL '\0' /// C-String terminator #define MEM_ERR_MSG "Memory allocation has failed. Program will now terminate." // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CLASS DEFINITION class Entry { public: Entry(void) : m_word_ptr(NULL), m_def_ptr(NULL) { /* default constructor */ }; void setWordPtr(char *w_ptr); /// sets the pointer to the word - only if the pointer is empty void setDefPtr(char *d_ptr); /// sets the ponter to the definition - only if the pointer is empty /// returns what is pointed to by the word pointer char getWord(void) const { return *m_word_ptr; } /// returns what is pointed to by the definition pointer char getDef(void) const { return *m_def_ptr; } private: char *m_word_ptr; /** points to a dictionary word */ char *m_def_ptr; /** points to a dictionary definition */ }; #endif -------------------------------------------------- // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEPENDENCIES (custom header files) #include "entry.h" /// class header file // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PUBLIC FUNCTIONS /* * only change the word member var if it is in its initial state */ void Entry::setWordPtr(char *w_ptr) { if(m_word_ptr == NULL) { m_word_ptr = w_ptr; } } /* * only change the def member var if it is in its initial state */ void Entry::setDefPtr(char *d_ptr) { if(m_def_ptr == NULL) { m_word_ptr = d_ptr; } }

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Session is working in Localhost Properly but not Online (Cpanel)

- by nando pandi

Hello guys Sorry for my stupid question regarding to my yesterday question its not solved yet even the advice you have given but still not working. i have removed all of spaces but still showing the problem for me. it's working perfect in localhost but not in CPANEL. Here is the errors which give: Warning: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cookie - headers already sent by (output started at /home/scalepro/public_html/Admin Panel/Remote Employee/main.php:1) in /home/scalepro/public_html/Admin Panel/Remote Employee/main.php on line 1 Warning: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent (output started at /home/scalepro/public_html/Admin Panel/Remote Employee/main.php:1) in /home/scalepro/public_html/Admin Panel/Remote Employee/main.php on line 1 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/scalepro/public_html/Admin Panel/Remote Employee/main.php:1) in /home/scalepro/public_html/Admin Panel/Remote Employee/main.php on line 13 Warning: Unknown: Your script possibly relies on a session side-effect which existed until PHP 4.2.3. Please be advised that the session extension does not consider global variables as a source of data, unless register_globals is enabled. You can disable this functionality and this warning by setting session.bug_compat_42 or session.bug_compat_warn to off, respectively in Unknown on line 0 ANY ONE PLEASE ??? Here is my code: <?php session_start(); require_once('../../Admin Panel/db.php'); if(isset($_POST['email']) && !empty($_POST['email']) && isset($_POST['password']) && !empty($_POST['password'])) { $email = $_POST['email']; $password = $_POST['password']; $query="SELECT RemoteEmployeeFullName, RemoteEmployeeEmail, RemoteEmployeePassword FROM remoteemployees WHERE RemoteEmployeeEmail='".$email."' AND RemoteEmployeePassword='".$password."'"; $queryrun=$connection->query($query); if($queryrun->num_rows > 0) { $_SESSION['email']=$RemoteEmployeeFullName; header("Location: /home/scalepro/public_html/Admin Panel/Remote Employee/REPLists.php"); } else { echo 'Email: <b>'.$email. '</b> or Password <b>'. $password.'</b> Is Not Typed Correctly Try Again Please!.'; header( "refresh:5;url= /home/scalepro/public_html/spd/myaccount.php" ); } } else { header( "refresh:5;url= /home/scalepro/public_html/spd/myaccount.php" ); } ?> if the condition gets true this will be redirected to a page by the name of REPLists.php here is the page. <?php session_start(); require_once('../../Admin Panel/db.php'); ?> <html> <head> <style> .wrapper { width:1250px; height:auto; border:solid 1px #000; margin:0 auto; padding:5px; border-radius:5px; -webkit-border-radius:5px; -moz-border-radius:5px; -ms-border-radius:5px; } .wrapper .header { width:1250px; height:20px; border-bottom:solid 1px #f0eeee; margin:auto 0; margin-bottom:12px; } .wrapper .header div { text-decoration:none; color:#F60; } .wrapper .header div a { text-decoration:none; color:#F60; } .wrapper .Labelcon { width:1250px; height:29px; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccc; } .wrapper .Labelcon .Label { width:125px; height:20px; float:left; text-align:center; border-left:1px solid #f0eeee; font:Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size:14.3px; font-weight:bold; } .wrapper .Valuecon { width:1250px; height:29px; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccc; color:#F60; text-decoration:none; } .wrapper .Valuecon .Value { width:125px; height:20px; float:left; text-align:center; border-left:1px solid #f0eeee; font-size:14px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="header"> <div style="float:left;"><font color="#000000">Email: </font> <?php if(isset($_SESSION['email'])) { echo $_SESSION['email']; } ?> </div> <div style="float:right;"> <a href="#">My Profile</a> | <a href="logout.php">Logout</a></div> </div> <div class="Labelcon"> <div class="Label">Property ID</div> <div class="Label">Property Type</div> <div class="Label">Property Deal Type</div> <div class="Label">Property Owner</div> <div class="Label">Proposted Price</div> </div> <?php if(!isset($_SESSION['email'])) { header('Location:../../spd/myaccount.php'); } else { $query = "SELECT properties.PropertyID, properties.PropertyType, properties.PropertyDealType, properties.Status, properties.PropostedPrice, remoteemployees.RemoteEmployeeFullName, propertyowners.PropertyOwnerName, propertydealers.PropertyDealerName FROM remoteemployees, propertyowners, propertydealers, properties WHERE properties.PropertyOwnerID=propertyowners.PropertyOwnerID AND properties.PropertyDealerID=propertydealers.PropertyDealerID AND remoteemployees.RemoteEmployeeID=properties.RemoteEmployeeID ORDER BY properties.PropertyID "; $query_run = $connection->query($query); if( $connection->error ) exit( $connection->error ); while($row=$query_run->fetch_assoc()) { ?> <div class="Valuecon"> <div class="Value"><?php echo $row['PropertyID'] ?></div> <div class="Value"><?php echo $row['PropertyType'] ?></div> <div class="Value"><?php echo $row['PropertyDealType']?></div> <div class="Value"><?php echo $row['PropertyOwnerName'] ?></div> <div class="Value"><?php echo $row['PropostedPrice'];?></div> </div> <?php } }?> </div> </body> </html>

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NullPointerException when linking to Service that uses ContentProvider

- by Danny Chia

H.i everyone, this is my first post here! Anyways, I'm trying to write a "todo list" application. It stores the data in a ContentProvider, which is accessed via a Service. However, my app crashes at launch. My code is below: Manifest file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.examples.todolist" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name" android:debuggable="True"> <activity android:name=".ToDoList" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/ToDoTheme"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name="TodoService"/> <provider android:name="TodoProvider" android:authorities="com.examples.provider.todolist" /> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" /> </manifest> ToDoList.java: package com.examples.todolist; import com.examples.todolist.TodoService.LocalBinder; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.database.Cursor; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.ContextMenu; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.IBinder; import android.view.KeyEvent; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnKeyListener; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Toast; public class ToDoList extends Activity { static final private int ADD_NEW_TODO = Menu.FIRST; static final private int REMOVE_TODO = Menu.FIRST + 1; private static final String TEXT_ENTRY_KEY = "TEXT_ENTRY_KEY"; private static final String ADDING_ITEM_KEY = "ADDING_ITEM_KEY"; private static final String SELECTED_INDEX_KEY = "SELECTED_INDEX_KEY"; private boolean addingNew = false; private ArrayList<ToDoItem> todoItems; private ListView myListView; private EditText myEditText; private ToDoItemAdapter aa; int entries = 0; int notifs = 0; //ToDoDBAdapter toDoDBAdapter; Cursor toDoListCursor; TodoService mService; boolean mBound = false; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); setContentView(R.layout.main); myListView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.myListView); myEditText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.myEditText); todoItems = new ArrayList<ToDoItem>(); int resID = R.layout.todolist_item; aa = new ToDoItemAdapter(this, resID, todoItems); myListView.setAdapter(aa); myEditText.setOnKeyListener(new OnKeyListener() { public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { if (event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN) if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER) { ToDoItem newItem = new ToDoItem(myEditText.getText().toString(), 0); mService.insertTask(newItem); updateArray(); myEditText.setText(""); entries++; Toast.makeText(ToDoList.this, "Entry added", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); aa.notifyDataSetChanged(); cancelAdd(); return true; } return false; } }); registerForContextMenu(myListView); restoreUIState(); populateTodoList(); } private void populateTodoList() { // Get all the todo list items from the database. toDoListCursor = mService. getAllToDoItemsCursor(); startManagingCursor(toDoListCursor); // Update the array. updateArray(); Toast.makeText(this, "Todo list retrieved", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } private void updateArray() { toDoListCursor.requery(); todoItems.clear(); if (toDoListCursor.moveToFirst()) do { String task = toDoListCursor.getString(toDoListCursor.getColumnIndex(ToDoDBAdapter.KEY_TASK)); long created = toDoListCursor.getLong(toDoListCursor.getColumnIndex(ToDoDBAdapter.KEY_CREATION_DATE)); int taskid = toDoListCursor.getInt(toDoListCursor.getColumnIndex(ToDoDBAdapter.KEY_ID)); ToDoItem newItem = new ToDoItem(task, new Date(created), taskid); todoItems.add(0, newItem); } while(toDoListCursor.moveToNext()); aa.notifyDataSetChanged(); } private void restoreUIState() { // Get the activity preferences object. SharedPreferences settings = getPreferences(0); // Read the UI state values, specifying default values. String text = settings.getString(TEXT_ENTRY_KEY, ""); Boolean adding = settings.getBoolean(ADDING_ITEM_KEY, false); // Restore the UI to the previous state. if (adding) { addNewItem(); myEditText.setText(text); } } @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { outState.putInt(SELECTED_INDEX_KEY, myListView.getSelectedItemPosition()); super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); } @Override public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { int pos = -1; if (savedInstanceState != null) if (savedInstanceState.containsKey(SELECTED_INDEX_KEY)) pos = savedInstanceState.getInt(SELECTED_INDEX_KEY, -1); myListView.setSelection(pos); } @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); // Get the activity preferences object. SharedPreferences uiState = getPreferences(0); // Get the preferences editor. SharedPreferences.Editor editor = uiState.edit(); // Add the UI state preference values. editor.putString(TEXT_ENTRY_KEY, myEditText.getText().toString()); editor.putBoolean(ADDING_ITEM_KEY, addingNew); // Commit the preferences. editor.commit(); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu); // Create and add new menu items. MenuItem itemAdd = menu.add(0, ADD_NEW_TODO, Menu.NONE, R.string.add_new); MenuItem itemRem = menu.add(0, REMOVE_TODO, Menu.NONE, R.string.remove); // Assign icons itemAdd.setIcon(R.drawable.add_new_item); itemRem.setIcon(R.drawable.remove_item); // Allocate shortcuts to each of them. itemAdd.setShortcut('0', 'a'); itemRem.setShortcut('1', 'r'); return true; } @Override public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu); int idx = myListView.getSelectedItemPosition(); String removeTitle = getString(addingNew ? R.string.cancel : R.string.remove); MenuItem removeItem = menu.findItem(REMOVE_TODO); removeItem.setTitle(removeTitle); removeItem.setVisible(addingNew || idx > -1); return true; } @Override public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) { super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo); menu.setHeaderTitle("Selected To Do Item"); menu.add(0, REMOVE_TODO, Menu.NONE, R.string.remove); } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); int index = myListView.getSelectedItemPosition(); switch (item.getItemId()) { case (REMOVE_TODO): { if (addingNew) { cancelAdd(); } else { removeItem(index); } return true; } case (ADD_NEW_TODO): { addNewItem(); return true; } } return false; } @Override public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) { super.onContextItemSelected(item); switch (item.getItemId()) { case (REMOVE_TODO): { AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo menuInfo; menuInfo =(AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo)item.getMenuInfo(); int index = menuInfo.position; removeItem(index); return true; } } return false; } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); } private void cancelAdd() { addingNew = false; myEditText.setVisibility(View.GONE); } private void addNewItem() { addingNew = true; myEditText.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); myEditText.requestFocus(); } private void removeItem(int _index) { // Items are added to the listview in reverse order, so invert the index. //toDoDBAdapter.removeTask(todoItems.size()-_index); ToDoItem item = todoItems.get(_index); final long selectedId = item.getTaskId(); mService.removeTask(selectedId); entries--; Toast.makeText(this, "Entry deleted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); updateArray(); } @Override protected void onStart() { super.onStart(); Intent intent = new Intent(this, TodoService.class); bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } @Override protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); // Unbind from the service if (mBound) { unbindService(mConnection); mBound = false; } } private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() { public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) { LocalBinder binder = (LocalBinder) service; mService = binder.getService(); mBound = true; } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) { mBound = false; } }; public class TimedToast extends AsyncTask<Long, Integer, Integer> { @Override protected Integer doInBackground(Long... arg0) { if (notifs < 15) { try { Toast.makeText(ToDoList.this, entries + " entries left", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); notifs++; Thread.sleep(20000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } return 0; } } } TodoService.java: package com.examples.todolist; import android.app.Service; import android.content.ContentResolver; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Intent; import android.database.Cursor; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; public class TodoService extends Service { private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder(); @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) { return mBinder; } public class LocalBinder extends Binder { TodoService getService() { return TodoService.this; } } public void insertTask(ToDoItem _task) { ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(TodoProvider.KEY_CREATION_DATE, _task.getCreated().getTime()); values.put(TodoProvider.KEY_TASK, _task.getTask()); cr.insert(TodoProvider.CONTENT_URI, values); } public void updateTask(ToDoItem _task) { long tid = _task.getTaskId(); ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(TodoProvider.KEY_TASK, _task.getTask()); cr.update(TodoProvider.CONTENT_URI, values, TodoProvider.KEY_ID + "=" + tid, null); } public void removeTask(long tid) { ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); cr.delete(TodoProvider.CONTENT_URI, TodoProvider.KEY_ID + "=" + tid, null); } public Cursor getAllToDoItemsCursor() { ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); return cr.query(TodoProvider.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null); } } TodoProvider.java: package com.examples.todolist; import android.content.*; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.SQLException; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory; import android.net.Uri; import android.text.TextUtils; import android.util.Log; public class TodoProvider extends ContentProvider { public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://com.examples.provider.todolist/todo"); @Override public boolean onCreate() { Context context = getContext(); todoHelper dbHelper = new todoHelper(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); todoDB = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase(); return (todoDB == null) ? false : true; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sort) { SQLiteQueryBuilder tb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder(); tb.setTables(TODO_TABLE); // If this is a row query, limit the result set to the passed in row. switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case TASK_ID: tb.appendWhere(KEY_ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1)); break; default: break; } // If no sort order is specified sort by date / time String orderBy; if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sort)) { orderBy = KEY_ID; } else { orderBy = sort; } // Apply the query to the underlying database. Cursor c = tb.query(todoDB, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy); // Register the contexts ContentResolver to be notified if // the cursor result set changes. c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri); // Return a cursor to the query result. return c; } @Override public Uri insert(Uri _uri, ContentValues _initialValues) { // Insert the new row, will return the row number if // successful. long rowID = todoDB.insert(TODO_TABLE, "task", _initialValues); // Return a URI to the newly inserted row on success. if (rowID > 0) { Uri uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(CONTENT_URI, rowID); getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null); return uri; } throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + _uri); } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String where, String[] whereArgs) { int count; switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case TASKS: count = todoDB.delete(TODO_TABLE, where, whereArgs); break; case TASK_ID: String segment = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); count = todoDB.delete(TODO_TABLE, KEY_ID + "=" + segment + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ? " AND (" + where + ')' : ""), whereArgs); break; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri); } getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null); return count; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String where, String[] whereArgs) { int count; switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case TASKS: count = todoDB.update(TODO_TABLE, values, where, whereArgs); break; case TASK_ID: String segment = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); count = todoDB.update(TODO_TABLE, values, KEY_ID + "=" + segment + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ? " AND (" + where + ')' : ""), whereArgs); break; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri); } getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null); return count; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case TASKS: return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.examples.task"; case TASK_ID: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.examples.task"; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri); } } // Create the constants used to differentiate between the different URI // requests. private static final int TASKS = 1; private static final int TASK_ID = 2; private static final UriMatcher uriMatcher; // Allocate the UriMatcher object, where a URI ending in 'tasks' will // correspond to a request for all tasks, and 'tasks' with a // trailing '/[rowID]' will represent a single task row. static { uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); uriMatcher.addURI("com.examples.provider.Todolist", "tasks", TASKS); uriMatcher.addURI("com.examples.provider.Todolist", "tasks/#", TASK_ID); } //The underlying database private SQLiteDatabase todoDB; private static final String TAG = "TodoProvider"; private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "todolist.db"; private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; private static final String TODO_TABLE = "todolist"; // Column Names public static final String KEY_ID = "_id"; public static final String KEY_TASK = "task"; public static final String KEY_CREATION_DATE = "date"; public long insertTask(ToDoItem _task) { // Create a new row of values to insert. ContentValues newTaskValues = new ContentValues(); // Assign values for each row. newTaskValues.put(KEY_TASK, _task.getTask()); newTaskValues.put(KEY_CREATION_DATE, _task.getCreated().getTime()); // Insert the row. return todoDB.insert(TODO_TABLE, null, newTaskValues); } public boolean updateTask(long _rowIndex, String _task) { ContentValues newValue = new ContentValues(); newValue.put(KEY_TASK, _task); return todoDB.update(TODO_TABLE, newValue, KEY_ID + "=" + _rowIndex, null) > 0; } public boolean removeTask(long _rowIndex) { return todoDB.delete(TODO_TABLE, KEY_ID + "=" + _rowIndex, null) > 0; } // Helper class for opening, creating, and managing database version control private static class todoHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private static final String DATABASE_CREATE = "create table " + TODO_TABLE + " (" + KEY_ID + " integer primary key autoincrement, " + KEY_TASK + " TEXT, " + KEY_CREATION_DATE + " INTEGER);"; public todoHelper(Context cn, String name, CursorFactory cf, int ver) { super(cn, name, cf, ver); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading database from version " + oldVersion + " to " + newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data"); db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TODO_TABLE); onCreate(db); } } } I've omitted the other files as I'm sure they are correct. When I run the program, LogCat shows that the NullPointerException occurs in populateTodoList(), at toDoListCursor = mService.getAllToDoItemsCursor(). mService is the Cursor object returned by TodoService. I've added the service to the Manifest file, but I still cannot find out why it's causing an exception. Thanks in advance.

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What's New in ASP.NET 4

- by Navaneeth

The .NET Framework version 4 includes enhancements for ASP.NET 4 in targeted areas. Visual Studio 2010 and Microsoft Visual Web Developer Express also include enhancements and new features for improved Web development. This document provides an overview of many of the new features that are included in the upcoming release. This topic contains the following sections: ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET Web Forms ASP.NET MVC Dynamic Data ASP.NET Chart Control Visual Web Developer Enhancements Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET Core Services ASP.NET 4 introduces many features that improve core ASP.NET services such as output caching and session state storage. Extensible Output Caching Since the time that ASP.NET 1.0 was released, output caching has enabled developers to store the generated output of pages, controls, and HTTP responses in memory. On subsequent Web requests, ASP.NET can serve content more quickly by retrieving the generated output from memory instead of regenerating the output from scratch. However, this approach has a limitation — generated content always has to be stored in memory. On servers that experience heavy traffic, the memory requirements for output caching can compete with memory requirements for other parts of a Web application. ASP.NET 4 adds extensibility to output caching that enables you to configure one or more custom output-cache providers. Output-cache providers can use any storage mechanism to persist HTML content. These storage options can include local or remote disks, cloud storage, and distributed cache engines. Output-cache provider extensibility in ASP.NET 4 lets you design more aggressive and more intelligent output-caching strategies for Web sites. For example, you can create an output-cache provider that caches the "Top 10" pages of a site in memory, while caching pages that get lower traffic on disk. Alternatively, you can cache every vary-by combination for a rendered page, but use a distributed cache so that the memory consumption is offloaded from front-end Web servers. You create a custom output-cache provider as a class that derives from the OutputCacheProvider type. You can then configure the provider in the Web.config file by using the new providers subsection of the outputCache element For more information and for examples that show how to configure the output cache, see outputCache Element for caching (ASP.NET Settings Schema). For more information about the classes that support caching, see the documentation for the OutputCache and OutputCacheProvider classes. By default, in ASP.NET 4, all HTTP responses, rendered pages, and controls use the in-memory output cache. The defaultProvider attribute for ASP.NET is AspNetInternalProvider. You can change the default output-cache provider used for a Web application by specifying a different provider name for defaultProvider attribute. In addition, you can select different output-cache providers for individual control and for individual requests and programmatically specify which provider to use. For more information, see the HttpApplication.GetOutputCacheProviderName(HttpContext) method. The easiest way to choose a different output-cache provider for different Web user controls is to do so declaratively by using the new providerName attribute in a page or control directive, as shown in the following example: <%@ OutputCache Duration="60" VaryByParam="None" providerName="DiskCache" %> Preloading Web Applications Some Web applications must load large amounts of data or must perform expensive initialization processing before serving the first request. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, for these situations you had to devise custom approaches to "wake up" an ASP.NET application and then run initialization code during the Application_Load method in the Global.asax file. To address this scenario, a new application preload manager (autostart feature) is available when ASP.NET 4 runs on IIS 7.5 on Windows Server 2008 R2. The preload feature provides a controlled approach for starting up an application pool, initializing an ASP.NET application, and then accepting HTTP requests. It lets you perform expensive application initialization prior to processing the first HTTP request. For example, you can use the application preload manager to initialize an application and then signal a load-balancer that the application was initialized and ready to accept HTTP traffic. To use the application preload manager, an IIS administrator sets an application pool in IIS 7.5 to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <applicationPools> <add name="MyApplicationPool" startMode="AlwaysRunning" /> </applicationPools> Because a single application pool can contain multiple applications, you specify individual applications to be automatically started by using the following configuration in the applicationHost.config file: <sites> <site name="MySite" id="1"> <application path="/" serviceAutoStartEnabled="true" serviceAutoStartProvider="PrewarmMyCache" >  </application> </site> </sites>  <serviceAutoStartProviders> <add name="PrewarmMyCache" type="MyNamespace.CustomInitialization, MyLibrary" /> </serviceAutoStartProviders> When an IIS 7.5 server is cold-started or when an individual application pool is recycled, IIS 7.5 uses the information in the applicationHost.config file to determine which Web applications have to be automatically started. For each application that is marked for preload, IIS7.5 sends a request to ASP.NET 4 to start the application in a state during which the application temporarily does not accept HTTP requests. When it is in this state, ASP.NET instantiates the type defined by the serviceAutoStartProvider attribute (as shown in the previous example) and calls into its public entry point. You create a managed preload type that has the required entry point by implementing the IProcessHostPreloadClient interface, as shown in the following example: public class CustomInitialization : System.Web.Hosting.IProcessHostPreloadClient { public void Preload(string[] parameters) { // Perform initialization. } } After your initialization code runs in the Preload method and after the method returns, the ASP.NET application is ready to process requests. Permanently Redirecting a Page Content in Web applications is often moved over the lifetime of the application. This can lead to links to be out of date, such as the links that are returned by search engines. In ASP.NET, developers have traditionally handled requests to old URLs by using the Redirect method to forward a request to the new URL. However, the Redirect method issues an HTTP 302 (Found) response (which is used for a temporary redirect). This results in an extra HTTP round trip. ASP.NET 4 adds a RedirectPermanent helper method that makes it easy to issue HTTP 301 (Moved Permanently) responses, as in the following example: RedirectPermanent("/newpath/foroldcontent.aspx"); Search engines and other user agents that recognize permanent redirects will store the new URL that is associated with the content, which eliminates the unnecessary round trip made by the browser for temporary redirects. Session State Compression By default, ASP.NET provides two options for storing session state across a Web farm. The first option is a session state provider that invokes an out-of-process session state server. The second option is a session state provider that stores data in a Microsoft SQL Server database. Because both options store state information outside a Web application's worker process, session state has to be serialized before it is sent to remote storage. If a large amount of data is saved in session state, the size of the serialized data can become very large. ASP.NET 4 introduces a new compression option for both kinds of out-of-process session state providers. By using this option, applications that have spare CPU cycles on Web servers can achieve substantial reductions in the size of serialized session state data. You can set this option using the new compressionEnabled attribute of the sessionState element in the configuration file. When the compressionEnabled configuration option is set to true, ASP.NET compresses (and decompresses) serialized session state by using the .NET Framework GZipStreamclass. The following example shows how to set this attribute. <sessionState mode="SqlServer" sqlConnectionString="data source=dbserver;Initial Catalog=aspnetstate" allowCustomSqlDatabase="true" compressionEnabled="true" /> ASP.NET Web Forms Web Forms has been a core feature in ASP.NET since the release of ASP.NET 1.0. Many enhancements have been in this area for ASP.NET 4, such as the following: The ability to set meta tags. More control over view state. Support for recently introduced browsers and devices. Easier ways to work with browser capabilities. Support for using ASP.NET routing with Web Forms. More control over generated IDs. The ability to persist selected rows in data controls. More control over rendered HTML in the FormView and ListView controls. Filtering support for data source controls. Enhanced support for Web standards and accessibility Setting Meta Tags with the Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription Properties Two properties have been added to the Page class: MetaKeywords and MetaDescription. These two properties represent corresponding meta tags in the HTML rendered for a page, as shown in the following example: <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> <meta name="keywords" content="keyword1, keyword2' /> <meta name="description" content="Description of my page" /> </head> These two properties work like the Title property does, and they can be set in the @ Page directive. For more information, see Page.MetaKeywords and Page.MetaDescription. Enabling View State for Individual Controls A new property has been added to the Control class: ViewStateMode. You can use this property to disable view state for all controls on a page except those for which you explicitly enable view state. View state data is included in a page's HTML and increases the amount of time it takes to send a page to the client and post it back. Storing more view state than is necessary can cause significant decrease in performance. In earlier versions of ASP.NET, you could reduce the impact of view state on a page's performance by disabling view state for specific controls. But sometimes it is easier to enable view state for a few controls that need it instead of disabling it for many that do not need it. For more information, see Control.ViewStateMode. Support for Recently Introduced Browsers and Devices ASP.NET includes a feature that is named browser capabilities that lets you determine the capabilities of the browser that a user is using. Browser capabilities are represented by the HttpBrowserCapabilities object which is stored in the HttpRequest.Browser property. Information about a particular browser's capabilities is defined by a browser definition file. In ASP.NET 4, these browser definition files have been updated to contain information about recently introduced browsers and devices such as Google Chrome, Research in Motion BlackBerry smart phones, and Apple iPhone. Existing browser definition files have also been updated. For more information, see How to: Upgrade an ASP.NET Web Application to ASP.NET 4 and ASP.NET Web Server Controls and Browser Capabilities. The browser definition files that are included with ASP.NET 4 are shown in the following list: •blackberry.browser •chrome.browser •Default.browser •firefox.browser •gateway.browser •generic.browser •ie.browser •iemobile.browser •iphone.browser •opera.browser •safari.browser A New Way to Define Browser Capabilities ASP.NET 4 includes a new feature referred to as browser capabilities providers. As the name suggests, this lets you build a provider that in turn lets you write custom code to determine browser capabilities. In ASP.NET version 3.5 Service Pack 1, you define browser capabilities in an XML file. This file resides in a machine-level folder or an application-level folder. Most developers do not need to customize these files, but for those who do, the provider approach can be easier than dealing with complex XML syntax. The provider approach makes it possible to simplify the process by implementing a common browser definition syntax, or a database that contains up-to-date browser definitions, or even a Web service for such a database. For more information about the new browser capabilities provider, see the What's New for ASP.NET 4 White Paper. Routing in ASP.NET 4 ASP.NET 4 adds built-in support for routing with Web Forms. Routing is a feature that was introduced with ASP.NET 3.5 SP1 and lets you configure an application to use URLs that are meaningful to users and to search engines because they do not have to specify physical file names. This can make your site more user-friendly and your site content more discoverable by search engines. For example, the URL for a page that displays product categories in your application might look like the following example: http://website/products.aspx?categoryid=12 By using routing, you can use the following URL to render the same information: http://website/products/software The second URL lets the user know what to expect and can result in significantly improved rankings in search engine results. the new features include the following: The PageRouteHandler class is a simple HTTP handler that you use when you define routes. You no longer have to write a custom route handler. The HttpRequest.RequestContext and Page.RouteData properties make it easier to access information that is passed in URL parameters. The RouteUrl expression provides a simple way to create a routed URL in markup. The RouteValue expression provides a simple way to extract URL parameter values in markup. The RouteParameter class makes it easier to pass URL parameter values to a query for a data source control (similar to FormParameter). You no longer have to change the Web.config file to enable routing. For more information about routing, see the following topics: ASP.NET Routing Walkthrough: Using ASP.NET Routing in a Web Forms Application How to: Define Routes for Web Forms Applications How to: Construct URLs from Routes How to: Access URL Parameters in a Routed Page Setting Client IDs The new ClientIDMode property makes it easier to write client script that references HTML elements rendered for server controls. Increasing use of Microsoft Ajax makes the need to do this more common. For example, you may have a data control that renders a long list of products with prices and you want to use client script to make a Web service call and update individual prices in the list as they change without refreshing the entire page. Typically you get a reference to an HTML element in client script by using the document.GetElementById method. You pass to this method the value of the id attribute of the HTML element you want to reference. In the case of elements that are rendered for ASP.NET server controls earlier versions of ASP.NET could make this difficult or impossible. You were not always able to predict what id values ASP.NET would generate, or ASP.NET could generate very long id values. The problem was especially difficult for data controls that would generate multiple rows for a single instance of the control in your markup. ASP.NET 4 adds two new algorithms for generating id attributes. These algorithms can generate id attributes that are easier to work with in client script because they are more predictable and that are easier to work with because they are simpler. For more information about how to use the new algorithms, see the following topics: ASP.NET Web Server Control Identification Walkthrough: Making Data-Bound Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript Walkthrough: Making Controls Located in Web User Controls Easier to Access from JavaScript How to: Access Controls from JavaScript by ID Persisting Row Selection in Data Controls The GridView and ListView controls enable users to select a row. In previous versions of ASP.NET, row selection was based on the row index on the page. For example, if you select the third item on page 1 and then move to page 2, the third item on page 2 is selected. In most cases, is more desirable not to select any rows on page 2. ASP.NET 4 supports Persisted Selection, a new feature that was initially supported only in Dynamic Data projects in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1. When this feature is enabled, the selected item is based on the row data key. This means that if you select the third row on page 1 and move to page 2, nothing is selected on page 2. When you move back to page 1, the third row is still selected. This is a much more natural behavior than the behavior in earlier versions of ASP.NET. Persisted selection is now supported for the GridView and ListView controls in all projects. You can enable this feature in the GridView control, for example, by setting the EnablePersistedSelection property, as shown in the following example: <asp:GridView id="GridView2" runat="server" PersistedSelection="true"> </asp:GridView> FormView Control Enhancements The FormView control is enhanced to make it easier to style the content of the control with CSS. In previous versions of ASP.NET, the FormView control rendered it contents using an item template. This made styling more difficult in the markup because unexpected table row and table cell tags were rendered by the control. The FormView control supports RenderOuterTable, a property in ASP.NET 4. When this property is set to false, as show in the following example, the table tags are not rendered. This makes it easier to apply CSS style to the contents of the control. <asp:FormView ID="FormView1" runat="server" RenderTable="false"> For more information, see FormView Web Server Control Overview. ListView Control Enhancements The ListView control, which was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5, has all the functionality of the GridView control while giving you complete control over the output. This control has been made easier to use in ASP.NET 4. The earlier version of the control required that you specify a layout template that contained a server control with a known ID. The following markup shows a typical example of how to use the ListView control in ASP.NET 3.5. <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <LayoutTemplate> <asp:PlaceHolder ID="ItemPlaceHolder" runat="server"></asp:PlaceHolder> </LayoutTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> In ASP.NET 4, the ListView control does not require a layout template. The markup shown in the previous example can be replaced with the following markup: <asp:ListView ID="ListView1" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate> <% Eval("LastName")%> </ItemTemplate> </asp:ListView> For more information, see ListView Web Server Control Overview. Filtering Data with the QueryExtender Control A very common task for developers who create data-driven Web pages is to filter data. This traditionally has been performed by building Where clauses in data source controls. This approach can be complicated, and in some cases the Where syntax does not let you take advantage of the full functionality of the underlying database. To make filtering easier, a new QueryExtender control has been added in ASP.NET 4. This control can be added to EntityDataSource or LinqDataSource controls in order to filter the data returned by these controls. Because the QueryExtender control relies on LINQ, but you do not to need to know how to write LINQ queries to use the query extender. The QueryExtender control supports a variety of filter options. The following lists QueryExtender filter options. Term Definition SearchExpression Searches a field or fields for string values and compares them to a specified string value. RangeExpression Searches a field or fields for values in a range specified by a pair of values. PropertyExpression Compares a specified value to a property value in a field. If the expression evaluates to true, the data that is being examined is returned. OrderByExpression Sorts data by a specified column and sort direction. CustomExpression Calls a function that defines custom filter in the page. For more information, see QueryExtenderQueryExtender Web Server Control Overview. Enhanced Support for Web Standards and Accessibility Earlier versions of ASP.NET controls sometimes render markup that does not conform to HTML, XHTML, or accessibility standards. ASP.NET 4 eliminates most of these exceptions. For details about how the HTML that is rendered by each control meets accessibility standards, see ASP.NET Controls and Accessibility. CSS for Controls that Can be Disabled In ASP.NET 3.5, when a control is disabled (see WebControl.Enabled), a disabled attribute is added to the rendered HTML element. For example, the following markup creates a Label control that is disabled: <asp:Label id="Label1" runat="server" Text="Test" Enabled="false" /> In ASP.NET 3.5, the previous control settings generate the following HTML: <span id="Label1" disabled="disabled">Test</span> In HTML 4.01, the disabled attribute is not considered valid on span elements. It is valid only on input elements because it specifies that they cannot be accessed. On display-only elements such as span elements, browsers typically support rendering for a disabled appearance, but a Web page that relies on this non-standard behavior is not robust according to accessibility standards. For display-only elements, you should use CSS to indicate a disabled visual appearance. Therefore, by default ASP.NET 4 generates the following HTML for the control settings shown previously: <span id="Label1" class="aspNetDisabled">Test</span> You can change the value of the class attribute that is rendered by default when a control is disabled by setting the DisabledCssClass property. CSS for Validation Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, validation controls render a default color of red as an inline style. For example, the following markup creates a RequiredFieldValidator control: <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server" ErrorMessage="Required Field" ControlToValidate="RadioButtonList1" /> ASP.NET 3.5 renders the following HTML for the validator control: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1" style="color:Red;visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> By default, ASP.NET 4 does not render an inline style to set the color to red. An inline style is used only to hide or show the validator, as shown in the following example: <span id="RequiredFieldValidator1" style"visibility:hidden;">RequiredFieldValidator</span> Therefore, ASP.NET 4 does not automatically show error messages in red. For information about how to use CSS to specify a visual style for a validation control, see Validating User Input in ASP.NET Web Pages. CSS for the Hidden Fields Div Element ASP.NET uses hidden fields to store state information such as view state and control state. These hidden fields are contained by a div element. In ASP.NET 3.5, this div element does not have a class attribute or an id attribute. Therefore, CSS rules that affect all div elements could unintentionally cause this div to be visible. To avoid this problem, ASP.NET 4 renders the div element for hidden fields with a CSS class that you can use to differentiate the hidden fields div from others. The new classvalue is shown in the following example: <div class="aspNetHidden"> CSS for the Table, Image, and ImageButton Controls By default, in ASP.NET 3.5, some controls set the border attribute of rendered HTML to zero (0). The following example shows HTML that is generated by the Table control in ASP.NET 3.5: <table id="Table2" border="0"> The Image control and the ImageButton control also do this. Because this is not necessary and provides visual formatting information that should be provided by using CSS, the attribute is not generated in ASP.NET 4. CSS for the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the UpdatePanel and UpdateProgress controls do not support expando attributes. This makes it impossible to set a CSS class on the HTMLelements that they render. In ASP.NET 4 these controls have been changed to accept expando attributes, as shown in the following example: <asp:UpdatePanel runat="server" class="myStyle"> </asp:UpdatePanel> The following HTML is rendered for this markup: <div id="ctl00_MainContent_UpdatePanel1" class="expandoclass"> </div> Eliminating Unnecessary Outer Tables In ASP.NET 3.5, the HTML that is rendered for the following controls is wrapped in a table element whose purpose is to apply inline styles to the entire control: FormView Login PasswordRecovery ChangePassword If you use templates to customize the appearance of these controls, you can specify CSS styles in the markup that you provide in the templates. In that case, no extra outer table is required. In ASP.NET 4, you can prevent the table from being rendered by setting the new RenderOuterTable property to false. Layout Templates for Wizard Controls In ASP.NET 3.5, the Wizard and CreateUserWizard controls generate an HTML table element that is used for visual formatting. In ASP.NET 4 you can use a LayoutTemplate element to specify the layout. If you do this, the HTML table element is not generated. In the template, you create placeholder controls to indicate where items should be dynamically inserted into the control. (This is similar to how the template model for the ListView control works.) For more information, see the Wizard.LayoutTemplate property. New HTML Formatting Options for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList Controls ASP.NET 3.5 uses HTML table elements to format the output for the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList controls. To provide an alternative that does not use tables for visual formatting, ASP.NET 4 adds two new options to the RepeatLayout enumeration: UnorderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ul and li elements instead of a table. OrderedList. This option causes the HTML output to be formatted by using ol and li elements instead of a table. For examples of HTML that is rendered for the new options, see the RepeatLayout enumeration. Header and Footer Elements for the Table Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Table control can be configured to render thead and tfoot elements by setting the TableSection property of the TableHeaderRow class and the TableFooterRow class. In ASP.NET 4 these properties are set to the appropriate values by default. CSS and ARIA Support for the Menu Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the Menu control uses HTML table elements for visual formatting, and in some configurations it is not keyboard-accessible. ASP.NET 4 addresses these problems and improves accessibility in the following ways: The generated HTML is structured as an unordered list (ul and li elements). CSS is used for visual formatting. The menu behaves in accordance with ARIA standards for keyboard access. You can use arrow keys to navigate menu items. (For information about ARIA, see Accessibility in Visual Studio and ASP.NET.) ARIA role and property attributes are added to the generated HTML. (Attributes are added by using JavaScript instead of included in the HTML, to avoid generating HTML that would cause markup validation errors.) Styles for the Menu control are rendered in a style block at the top of the page, instead of inline with the rendered HTML elements. If you want to use a separate CSS file so that you can modify the menu styles, you can set the Menu control's new IncludeStyleBlock property to false, in which case the style block is not generated. Valid XHTML for the HtmlForm Control In ASP.NET 3.5, the HtmlForm control (which is created implicitly by the <form runat="server"> tag) renders an HTML form element that has both name and id attributes. The name attribute is deprecated in XHTML 1.1. Therefore, this control does not render the name attribute in ASP.NET 4. Maintaining Backward Compatibility in Control Rendering An existing ASP.NET Web site might have code in it that assumes that controls are rendering HTML the way they do in ASP.NET 3.5. To avoid causing backward compatibility problems when you upgrade the site to ASP.NET 4, you can have ASP.NET continue to generate HTML the way it does in ASP.NET 3.5 after you upgrade the site. To do so, you can set the controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion attribute of the pages element to "3.5" in the Web.config file of an ASP.NET 4 Web site, as shown in the following example: <system.web> <pages controlRenderingCompatibilityVersion="3.5"/> </system.web> If this setting is omitted, the default value is the same as the version of ASP.NET that the Web site targets. (For information about multi-targeting in ASP.NET, see .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects.) ASP.NET MVC ASP.NET MVC helps Web developers build compelling standards-based Web sites that are easy to maintain because it decreases the dependency among application layers by using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern. MVC provides complete control over the page markup. It also improves testability by inherently supporting Test Driven Development (TDD). Web sites created using ASP.NET MVC have a modular architecture. This allows members of a team to work independently on the various modules and can be used to improve collaboration. For example, developers can work on the model and controller layers (data and logic), while the designer work on the view (presentation). For tutorials, walkthroughs, conceptual content, code samples, and a complete API reference, see ASP.NET MVC 2. Dynamic Data Dynamic Data was introduced in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 release in mid-2008. This feature provides many enhancements for creating data-driven applications, such as the following: A RAD experience for quickly building a data-driven Web site. Automatic validation that is based on constraints defined in the data model. The ability to easily change the markup that is generated for fields in the GridView and DetailsView controls by using field templates that are part of your Dynamic Data project. For ASP.NET 4, Dynamic Data has been enhanced to give developers even more power for quickly building data-driven Web sites. For more information, see ASP.NET Dynamic Data Content Map. Enabling Dynamic Data for Individual Data-Bound Controls in Existing Web Applications You can use Dynamic Data features in existing ASP.NET Web applications that do not use scaffolding by enabling Dynamic Data for individual data-bound controls. Dynamic Data provides the presentation and data layer support for rendering these controls. When you enable Dynamic Data for data-bound controls, you get the following benefits: Setting default values for data fields. Dynamic Data enables you to provide default values at run time for fields in a data control. Interacting with the database without creating and registering a data model. Automatically validating the data that is entered by the user without writing any code. For more information, see Walkthrough: Enabling Dynamic Data in ASP.NET Data-Bound Controls. New Field Templates for URLs and E-mail Addresses ASP.NET 4 introduces two new built-in field templates, EmailAddress.ascx and Url.ascx. These templates are used for fields that are marked as EmailAddress or Url using the DataTypeAttribute attribute. For EmailAddress objects, the field is displayed as a hyperlink that is created by using the mailto: protocol. When users click the link, it opens the user's e-mail client and creates a skeleton message. Objects typed as Url are displayed as ordinary hyperlinks. The following example shows how to mark fields. [DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)] public object HomeEmail { get; set; } [DataType(DataType.Url)] public object Website { get; set; } Creating Links with the DynamicHyperLink Control Dynamic Data uses the new routing feature that was added in the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 to control the URLs that users see when they access the Web site. The new DynamicHyperLink control makes it easy to build links to pages in a Dynamic Data site. For information, see How to: Create Table Action Links in Dynamic Data Support for Inheritance in the Data Model Both the ADO.NET Entity Framework and LINQ to SQL support inheritance in their data models. An example of this might be a database that has an InsurancePolicy table. It might also contain CarPolicy and HousePolicy tables that have the same fields as InsurancePolicy and then add more fields. Dynamic Data has been modified to understand inherited objects in the data model and to support scaffolding for the inherited tables. For more information, see Walkthrough: Mapping Table-per-Hierarchy Inheritance in Dynamic Data. Support for Many-to-Many Relationships (Entity Framework Only) The Entity Framework has rich support for many-to-many relationships between tables, which is implemented by exposing the relationship as a collection on an Entity object. New field templates (ManyToMany.ascx and ManyToMany_Edit.ascx) have been added to provide support for displaying and editing data that is involved in many-to-many relationships. For more information, see Working with Many-to-Many Data Relationships in Dynamic Data. New Attributes to Control Display and Support Enumerations The DisplayAttribute has been added to give you additional control over how fields are displayed. The DisplayNameAttribute attribute in earlier versions of Dynamic Data enabled you to change the name that is used as a caption for a field. The new DisplayAttribute class lets you specify more options for displaying a field, such as the order in which a field is displayed and whether a field will be used as a filter. The attribute also provides independent control of the name that is used for the labels in a GridView control, the name that is used in a DetailsView control, the help text for the field, and the watermark used for the field (if the field accepts text input). The EnumDataTypeAttribute class has been added to let you map fields to enumerations. When you apply this attribute to a field, you specify an enumeration type. Dynamic Data uses the new Enumeration.ascx field template to create UI for displaying and editing enumeration values. The template maps the values from the database to the names in the enumeration. Enhanced Support for Filters Dynamic Data 1.0 had built-in filters for Boolean columns and foreign-key columns. The filters did not let you specify the order in which they were displayed. The new DisplayAttribute attribute addresses this by giving you control over whether a column appears as a filter and in what order it will be displayed. An additional enhancement is that filtering support has been rewritten to use the new QueryExtender feature of Web Forms. This lets you create filters without requiring knowledge of the data source control that the filters will be used with. Along with these extensions, filters have also been turned into template controls, which lets you add new ones. Finally, the DisplayAttribute class mentioned earlier allows the default filter to be overridden, in the same way that UIHint allows the default field template for a column to be overridden. For more information, see Walkthrough: Filtering Rows in Tables That Have a Parent-Child Relationship and QueryableFilterRepeater. ASP.NET Chart Control The ASP.NET chart server control enables you to create ASP.NET pages applications that have simple, intuitive charts for complex statistical or financial analysis. The chart control supports the following features: Data series, chart areas, axes, legends, labels, titles, and more. Data binding. Data manipulation, such as copying, splitting, merging, alignment, grouping, sorting, searching, and filtering. Statistical formulas and financial formulas. Advanced chart appearance, such as 3-D, anti-aliasing, lighting, and perspective. Events and customizations. Interactivity and Microsoft Ajax. Support for the Ajax Content Delivery Network (CDN), which provides an optimized way for you to add Microsoft Ajax Library and jQuery scripts to your Web applications. For more information, see Chart Web Server Control Overview. Visual Web Developer Enhancements The following sections provide information about enhancements and new features in Visual Studio 2010 and Visual Web Developer Express. The Web page designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been enhanced for better CSS compatibility, includes additional support for HTML and ASP.NET markup snippets, and features a redesigned version of IntelliSense for JScript. Improved CSS Compatibility The Visual Web Developer designer in Visual Studio 2010 has been updated to improve CSS 2.1 standards compliance. The designer better preserves HTML source code and is more robust than in previous versions of Visual Studio. HTML and JScript Snippets In the HTML editor, IntelliSense auto-completes tag names. The IntelliSense Snippets feature auto-completes whole tags and more. In Visual Studio 2010, IntelliSense snippets are supported for JScript, alongside C# and Visual Basic, which were supported in earlier versions of Visual Studio. Visual Studio 2010 includes over 200 snippets that help you auto-complete common ASP.NET and HTML tags, including required attributes (such as runat="server") and common attributes specific to a tag (such as ID, DataSourceID, ControlToValidate, and Text). You can download additional snippets, or you can write your own snippets that encapsulate the blocks of markup that you or your team use for common tasks. For more information on HTML snippets, see Walkthrough: Using HTML Snippets. JScript IntelliSense Enhancements In Visual 2010, JScript IntelliSense has been redesigned to provide an even richer editing experience. IntelliSense now recognizes objects that have been dynamically generated by methods such as registerNamespace and by similar techniques used by other JavaScript frameworks. Performance has been improved to analyze large libraries of script and to display IntelliSense with little or no processing delay. Compatibility has been significantly increased to support almost all third-party libraries and to support diverse coding styles. Documentation comments are now parsed as you type and are immediately leveraged by IntelliSense. Web Application Deployment with Visual Studio 2010 For Web application projects, Visual Studio now provides tools that work with the IIS Web Deployment Tool (Web Deploy) to automate many processes that had to be done manually in earlier versions of ASP.NET. For example, the following tasks can now be automated: Creating an IIS application on the destination computer and configuring IIS settings. Copying files to the destination computer. Changing Web.config settings that must be different in the destination environment. Propagating changes to data or data structures in SQL Server databases that are used by the Web application. For more information about Web application deployment, see ASP.NET Deployment Content Map. Enhancements to ASP.NET Multi-Targeting ASP.NET 4 adds new features to the multi-targeting feature to make it easier to work with projects that target earlier versions of the .NET Framework. Multi-targeting was introduced in ASP.NET 3.5 to enable you to use the latest version of Visual Studio without having to upgrade existing Web sites or Web services to the latest version of the .NET Framework. In Visual Studio 2008, when you work with a project targeted for an earlier version of the .NET Framework, most features of the development environment adapt to the targeted version. However, IntelliSense displays language features that are available in the current version, and property windows display properties available in the current version. In Visual Studio 2010, only language features and properties available in the targeted version of the .NET Framework are shown. For more information about multi-targeting, see the following topics: .NET Framework Multi-Targeting for ASP.NET Web Projects ASP.NET Side-by-Side Execution Overview How to: Host Web Applications That Use Different Versions of the .NET Framework on the Same Server How to: Deploy Web Site Projects Targeted for Earlier Versions of the .NET Framework

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Using the West Wind Web Toolkit to set up AJAX and REST Services

- by Rick Strahl

I frequently get questions about which option to use for creating AJAX and REST backends for ASP.NET applications. There are many solutions out there to do this actually, but when I have a choice - not surprisingly - I fall back to my own tools in the West Wind West Wind Web Toolkit. I've talked a bunch about the 'in-the-box' solutions in the past so for a change in this post I'll talk about the tools that I use in my own and customer applications to handle AJAX and REST based access to service resources using the West Wind West Wind Web Toolkit. Let me preface this by saying that I like things to be easy. Yes flexible is very important as well but not at the expense of over-complexity. The goal I've had with my tools is make it drop dead easy, with good performance while providing the core features that I'm after, which are: Easy AJAX/JSON Callbacks Ability to return any kind of non JSON content (string, stream, byte[], images) Ability to work with both XML and JSON interchangeably for input/output Access endpoints via POST data, RPC JSON calls, GET QueryString values or Routing interface Easy to use generic JavaScript client to make RPC calls (same syntax, just what you need) Ability to create clean URLS with Routing Ability to use standard ASP.NET HTTP Stack for HTTP semantics It's all about options! In this post I'll demonstrate most of these features (except XML) in a few simple and short samples which you can download. So let's take a look and see how you can build an AJAX callback solution with the West Wind Web Toolkit. Installing the Toolkit Assemblies The easiest and leanest way of using the Toolkit in your Web project is to grab it via NuGet: West Wind Web and AJAX Utilities (Westwind.Web) and drop it into the project by right clicking in your Project and choosing Manage NuGet Packages from anywhere in the Project. When done you end up with your project looking like this: What just happened? Nuget added two assemblies - Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities and the client ww.jquery.js library. It also added a couple of references into web.config: The default namespaces so they can be accessed in pages/views and a ScriptCompressionModule that the toolkit optionally uses to compress script resources served from within the assembly (namely ww.jquery.js and optionally jquery.js). Creating a new Service The West Wind Web Toolkit supports several ways of creating and accessing AJAX services, but for this post I'll stick to the lower level approach that works from any plain HTML page or of course MVC, WebForms, WebPages. There's also a WebForms specific control that makes this even easier but I'll leave that for another post. So, to create a new standalone AJAX/REST service we can create a new HttpHandler in the new project either as a pure class based handler or as a generic .ASHX handler. Both work equally well, but generic handlers don't require any web.config configuration so I'll use that here. In the root of the project add a Generic Handler. I'm going to call this one StockService.ashx. Once the handler has been created, edit the code and remove all of the handler body code. Then change the base class to CallbackHandler and add methods that have a [CallbackMethod] attribute. Here's the modified base handler implementation now looks like with an added HelloWorld method: using System; using Westwind.Web; namespace WestWindWebAjax { /// <summary> /// Handler implements CallbackHandler to provide REST/AJAX services /// </summary> public class SampleService : CallbackHandler { [CallbackMethod] public string HelloWorld(string name) { return "Hello " + name + ". Time is: " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } } } Notice that the class inherits from CallbackHandler and that the HelloWorld service method is marked up with [CallbackMethod]. We're done here. Services Urlbased Syntax Once you compile, the 'service' is live can respond to requests. All CallbackHandlers support input in GET and POST formats, and can return results as JSON or XML. To check our fancy HelloWorld method we can now access the service like this: http://localhost/WestWindWebAjax/StockService.ashx?Method=HelloWorld&name=Rick which produces a default JSON response - in this case a string (wrapped in quotes as it's JSON): (note by default JSON will be downloaded by most browsers not displayed - various options are available to view JSON right in the browser) If I want to return the same data as XML I can tack on a &format=xml at the end of the querystring which produces: <string>Hello Rick. Time is: 11/1/2011 12:11:13 PM</string> Cleaner URLs with Routing Syntax If you want cleaner URLs for each operation you can also configure custom routes on a per URL basis similar to the way that WCF REST does. To do this you need to add a new RouteHandler to your application's startup code in global.asax.cs one for each CallbackHandler based service you create: protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<StockService>(RouteTable.Routes); } With this code in place you can now add RouteUrl properties to any of your service methods. For the HelloWorld method that doesn't make a ton of sense but here is what a routed clean URL might look like in definition: [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="stocks/HelloWorld/{name}")] public string HelloWorld(string name) { return "Hello " + name + ". Time is: " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } The same URL I previously used now becomes a bit shorter and more readable with: http://localhost/WestWindWebAjax/HelloWorld/Rick It's an easy way to create cleaner URLs and still get the same functionality. Calling the Service with $.getJSON() Since the result produced is JSON you can now easily consume this data using jQuery's getJSON method. First we need a couple of scripts - jquery.js and ww.jquery.js in the page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <link href="Css/Westwind.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="scripts/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="scripts/ww.jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </head> <body> Next let's add a small HelloWorld example form (what else) that has a single textbox to type a name, a button and a div tag to receive the result: <fieldset> <legend>Hello World</legend> Please enter a name: <input type="text" name="txtHello" id="txtHello" value="" /> <input type="button" id="btnSayHello" value="Say Hello (POST)" /> <input type="button" id="btnSayHelloGet" value="Say Hello (GET)" /> <div id="divHelloMessage" class="errordisplay" style="display:none;width: 450px;" > </div> </fieldset> Then to call the HelloWorld method a little jQuery is used to hook the document startup and the button click followed by the $.getJSON call to retrieve the data from the server. <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $("#btnSayHelloGet").click(function () { $.getJSON("SampleService.ashx", { Method: "HelloWorld", name: $("#txtHello").val() }, function (result) { $("#divHelloMessage") .text(result) .fadeIn(1000); }); });</script> .getJSON() expects a full URL to the endpoint of our service, which is the ASHX file. We can either provide a full URL (SampleService.ashx?Method=HelloWorld&name=Rick) or we can just provide the base URL and an object that encodes the query string parameters for us using an object map that has a property that matches each parameter for the server method. We can also use the clean URL routing syntax, but using the object parameter encoding actually is safer as the parameters will get properly encoded by jQuery. The result returned is whatever the result on the server method is - in this case a string. The string is applied to the divHelloMessage element and we're done. Obviously this is a trivial example, but it demonstrates the basics of getting a JSON response back to the browser. AJAX Post Syntax - using ajaxCallMethod() The previous example allows you basic control over the data that you send to the server via querystring parameters. This works OK for simple values like short strings, numbers and boolean values, but doesn't really work if you need to pass something more complex like an object or an array back up to the server. To handle traditional RPC type messaging where the idea is to map server side functions and results to a client side invokation, POST operations can be used. The easiest way to use this functionality is to use ww.jquery.js and the ajaxCallMethod() function. ww.jquery wraps jQuery's AJAX functions and knows implicitly how to call a CallbackServer method with parameters and parse the result. Let's look at another simple example that posts a simple value but returns something more interesting. Let's start with the service method: [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="stocks/{symbol}")] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { Response.Cache.SetExpires(DateTime.UtcNow.Add(new TimeSpan(0, 2, 0))); StockServer server = new StockServer(); var quote = server.GetStockQuote(symbol); if (quote == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid Symbol passed."); return quote; } This sample utilizes a small StockServer helper class (included in the sample) that downloads a stock quote from Yahoo's financial site via plain HTTP GET requests and formats it into a StockQuote object. Lets create a small HTML block that lets us query for the quote and display it: <fieldset> <legend>Single Stock Quote</legend> Please enter a stock symbol: <input type="text" name="txtSymbol" id="txtSymbol" value="msft" /> <input type="button" id="btnStockQuote" value="Get Quote" /> <div id="divStockDisplay" class="errordisplay" style="display:none; width: 450px;"> <div class="label-left">Company:</div> <div id="stockCompany"></div> <div class="label-left">Last Price:</div> <div id="stockLastPrice"></div> <div class="label-left">Quote Time:</div> <div id="stockQuoteTime"></div> </div> </fieldset> The final result looks something like this: Let's hook up the button handler to fire the request and fill in the data as shown: $("#btnStockQuote").click(function () { ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "GetStockQuote", [$("#txtSymbol").val()], function (quote) { $("#divStockDisplay").show().fadeIn(1000); $("#stockCompany").text(quote.Company + " (" + quote.Symbol + ")"); $("#stockLastPrice").text(quote.LastPrice); $("#stockQuoteTime").text(quote.LastQuoteTime.formatDate("MMM dd, HH:mm EST")); }, onPageError); }); So we point at SampleService.ashx and the GetStockQuote method, passing a single parameter of the input symbol value. Then there are two handlers for success and failure callbacks. The success handler is the interesting part - it receives the stock quote as a result and assigns its values to various 'holes' in the stock display elements. The data that comes back over the wire is JSON and it looks like this: { "Symbol":"MSFT", "Company":"Microsoft Corpora", "OpenPrice":26.11, "LastPrice":26.01, "NetChange":0.02, "LastQuoteTime":"2011-11-03T02:00:00Z", "LastQuoteTimeString":"Nov. 11, 2011 4:20pm" } which is an object representation of the data. JavaScript can evaluate this JSON string back into an object easily and that's the reslut that gets passed to the success function. The quote data is then applied to existing page content by manually selecting items and applying them. There are other ways to do this more elegantly like using templates, but here we're only interested in seeing how the data is returned. The data in the object is typed - LastPrice is a number and QuoteTime is a date. Note about the date value: JavaScript doesn't have a date literal although the JSON embedded ISO string format used above ("2011-11-03T02:00:00Z") is becoming fairly standard for JSON serializers. However, JSON parsers don't deserialize dates by default and return them by string. This is why the StockQuote actually returns a string value of LastQuoteTimeString for the same date. ajaxMethodCallback always converts dates properly into 'real' dates and the example above uses the real date value along with a .formatDate() data extension (also in ww.jquery.js) to display the raw date properly. Errors and Exceptions So what happens if your code fails? For example if I pass an invalid stock symbol to the GetStockQuote() method you notice that the code does this: if (quote == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid Symbol passed."); CallbackHandler automatically pushes the exception message back to the client so it's easy to pick up the error message. Regardless of what kind of error occurs: Server side, client side, protocol errors - any error will fire the failure handler with an error object parameter. The error is returned to the client via a JSON response in the error callback. In the previous examples I called onPageError which is a generic routine in ww.jquery that displays a status message on the bottom of the screen. But of course you can also take over the error handling yourself: $("#btnStockQuote").click(function () { ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "GetStockQuote", [$("#txtSymbol").val()], function (quote) { $("#divStockDisplay").fadeIn(1000); $("#stockCompany").text(quote.Company + " (" + quote.Symbol + ")"); $("#stockLastPrice").text(quote.LastPrice); $("#stockQuoteTime").text(quote.LastQuoteTime.formatDate("MMM dd, hh:mmt")); }, function (error, xhr) { $("#divErrorDisplay").text(error.message).fadeIn(1000); }); }); The error object has a isCallbackError, message and stackTrace properties, the latter of which is only populated when running in Debug mode, and this object is returned for all errors: Client side, transport and server side errors. Regardless of which type of error you get the same object passed (as well as the XHR instance optionally) which makes for a consistent error retrieval mechanism. Specifying HttpVerbs You can also specify HTTP Verbs that are allowed using the AllowedHttpVerbs option on the CallbackMethod attribute: [CallbackMethod(AllowedHttpVerbs=HttpVerbs.GET | HttpVerbs.POST)] public string HelloWorld(string name) { … } If you're building REST style API's this might be useful to force certain request semantics onto the client calling. For the above if call with a non-allowed HttpVerb the request returns a 405 error response along with a JSON (or XML) error object result. The default behavior is to allow all verbs access (HttpVerbs.All). Passing in object Parameters Up to now the parameters I passed were very simple. But what if you need to send something more complex like an object or an array? Let's look at another example now that passes an object from the client to the server. Keeping with the Stock theme here lets add a method called BuyOrder that lets us buy some shares for a stock. Consider the following service method that receives an StockBuyOrder object as a parameter: [CallbackMethod] public string BuyStock(StockBuyOrder buyOrder) { var server = new StockServer(); var quote = server.GetStockQuote(buyOrder.Symbol); if (quote == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid or missing stock symbol."); return string.Format("You're buying {0} shares of {1} ({2}) stock at {3} for a total of {4} on {5}.", buyOrder.Quantity, quote.Company, quote.Symbol, quote.LastPrice.ToString("c"), (quote.LastPrice * buyOrder.Quantity).ToString("c"), buyOrder.BuyOn.ToString("MMM d")); } public class StockBuyOrder { public string Symbol { get; set; } public int Quantity { get; set; } public DateTime BuyOn { get; set; } public StockBuyOrder() { BuyOn = DateTime.Now; } } This is a contrived do-nothing example that simply echoes back what was passed in, but it demonstrates how you can pass complex data to a callback method. On the client side we now have a very simple form that captures the three values on a form: <fieldset> <legend>Post a Stock Buy Order</legend> Enter a symbol: <input type="text" name="txtBuySymbol" id="txtBuySymbol" value="GLD" />   Qty: <input type="text" name="txtBuyQty" id="txtBuyQty" value="10" style="width: 50px" />   Buy on: <input type="text" name="txtBuyOn" id="txtBuyOn" value="<%= DateTime.Now.ToString("d") %>" style="width: 70px;" /> <input type="button" id="btnBuyStock" value="Buy Stock" /> <div id="divStockBuyMessage" class="errordisplay" style="display:none"></div> </fieldset> The completed form and demo then looks something like this: The client side code that picks up the input values and assigns them to object properties and sends the AJAX request looks like this: $("#btnBuyStock").click(function () { // create an object map that matches StockBuyOrder signature var buyOrder = { Symbol: $("#txtBuySymbol").val(), Quantity: $("#txtBuyQty").val() * 1, // number Entered: new Date() } ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "BuyStock", [buyOrder], function (result) { $("#divStockBuyMessage").text(result).fadeIn(1000); }, onPageError); }); The code creates an object and attaches the properties that match the server side object passed to the BuyStock method. Each property that you want to update needs to be included and the type must match (ie. string, number, date in this case). Any missing properties will not be set but also not cause any errors. Pass POST data instead of Objects In the last example I collected a bunch of values from form variables and stuffed them into object variables in JavaScript code. While that works, often times this isn't really helping - I end up converting my types on the client and then doing another conversion on the server. If lots of input controls are on a page and you just want to pick up the values on the server via plain POST variables - that can be done too - and it makes sense especially if you're creating and filling the client side object only to push data to the server. Let's add another method to the server that once again lets us buy a stock. But this time let's not accept a parameter but rather send POST data to the server. Here's the server method receiving POST data: [CallbackMethod] public string BuyStockPost() { StockBuyOrder buyOrder = new StockBuyOrder(); buyOrder.Symbol = Request.Form["txtBuySymbol"]; ; int qty; int.TryParse(Request.Form["txtBuyQuantity"], out qty); buyOrder.Quantity = qty; DateTime time; DateTime.TryParse(Request.Form["txtBuyBuyOn"], out time); buyOrder.BuyOn = time; // Or easier way yet //FormVariableBinder.Unbind(buyOrder,null,"txtBuy"); var server = new StockServer(); var quote = server.GetStockQuote(buyOrder.Symbol); if (quote == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid or missing stock symbol."); return string.Format("You're buying {0} shares of {1} ({2}) stock at {3} for a total of {4} on {5}.", buyOrder.Quantity, quote.Company, quote.Symbol, quote.LastPrice.ToString("c"), (quote.LastPrice * buyOrder.Quantity).ToString("c"), buyOrder.BuyOn.ToString("MMM d")); } Clearly we've made this server method take more code than it did with the object parameter. We've basically moved the parameter assignment logic from the client to the server. As a result the client code to call this method is now a bit shorter since there's no client side shuffling of values from the controls to an object. $("#btnBuyStockPost").click(function () { ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "BuyStockPost", [], // Note: No parameters - function (result) { $("#divStockBuyMessage").text(result).fadeIn(1000); }, onPageError, // Force all page Form Variables to be posted { postbackMode: "Post" }); }); The client simply calls the BuyStockQuote method and pushes all the form variables from the page up to the server which parses them instead. The feature that makes this work is one of the options you can pass to the ajaxCallMethod() function: { postbackMode: "Post" }); which directs the function to include form variable POST data when making the service call. Other options include PostNoViewState (for WebForms to strip out WebForms crap vars), PostParametersOnly (default), None. If you pass parameters those are always posted to the server except when None is set. The above code can be simplified a bit by using the FormVariableBinder helper, which can unbind form variables directly into an object: FormVariableBinder.Unbind(buyOrder,null,"txtBuy"); which replaces the manual Request.Form[] reading code. It receives the object to unbind into, a string of properties to skip, and an optional prefix which is stripped off form variables to match property names. The component is similar to the MVC model binder but it's independent of MVC. Returning non-JSON Data CallbackHandler also supports returning non-JSON/XML data via special return types. You can return raw non-JSON encoded strings like this: [CallbackMethod(ReturnAsRawString=true,ContentType="text/plain")] public string HelloWorldNoJSON(string name) { return "Hello " + name + ". Time is: " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } Calling this method results in just a plain string - no JSON encoding with quotes around the result. This can be useful if your server handling code needs to return a string or HTML result that doesn't fit well for a page or other UI component. Any string output can be returned. You can also return binary data. Stream, byte[] and Bitmap/Image results are automatically streamed back to the client. Notice that you should set the ContentType of the request either on the CallbackMethod attribute or using Response.ContentType. This ensures the Web Server knows how to display your binary response. Using a stream response makes it possible to return any of data. Streamed data can be pretty handy to return bitmap data from a method. The following is a method that returns a stock history graph for a particular stock over a provided number of years: [CallbackMethod(ContentType="image/png",RouteUrl="stocks/history/graph/{symbol}/{years}")] public Stream GetStockHistoryGraph(string symbol, int years = 2,int width = 500, int height=350) { if (width == 0) width = 500; if (height == 0) height = 350; StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockHistoryGraph(symbol,"Stock History for " + symbol,width,height,years); } I can now hook this up into the JavaScript code when I get a stock quote. At the end of the process I can assign the URL to the service that returns the image into the src property and so force the image to display. Here's the changed code: $("#btnStockQuote").click(function () { var symbol = $("#txtSymbol").val(); ajaxCallMethod("SampleService.ashx", "GetStockQuote", [symbol], function (quote) { $("#divStockDisplay").fadeIn(1000); $("#stockCompany").text(quote.Company + " (" + quote.Symbol + ")"); $("#stockLastPrice").text(quote.LastPrice); $("#stockQuoteTime").text(quote.LastQuoteTime.formatDate("MMM dd, hh:mmt")); // display a stock chart $("#imgStockHistory").attr("src", "stocks/history/graph/" + symbol + "/2"); },onPageError); }); The resulting output then looks like this: The charting code uses the new ASP.NET 4.0 Chart components via code to display a bar chart of the 2 year stock data as part of the StockServer class which you can find in the sample download. The ability to return arbitrary data from a service is useful as you can see - in this case the chart is clearly associated with the service and it's nice that the graph generation can happen off a handler rather than through a page. Images are common resources, but output can also be PDF reports, zip files for downloads etc. which is becoming increasingly more common to be returned from REST endpoints and other applications. Why reinvent? Obviously the examples I've shown here are pretty basic in terms of functionality. But I hope they demonstrate the core features of AJAX callbacks that you need to work through in most applications which is simple: return data, send back data and potentially retrieve data in various formats. While there are other solutions when it comes down to making AJAX callbacks and servicing REST like requests, I like the flexibility my home grown solution provides. Simply put it's still the easiest solution that I've found that addresses my common use cases: AJAX JSON RPC style callbacks Url based access XML and JSON Output from single method endpoint XML and JSON POST support, querystring input, routing parameter mapping UrlEncoded POST data support on callbacks Ability to return stream/raw string data Essentially ability to return ANYTHING from Service and pass anything All these features are available in various solutions but not together in one place. I've been using this code base for over 4 years now in a number of projects both for myself and commercial work and it's served me extremely well. Besides the AJAX functionality CallbackHandler provides, it's also an easy way to create any kind of output endpoint I need to create. Need to create a few simple routines that spit back some data, but don't want to create a Page or View or full blown handler for it? Create a CallbackHandler and add a method or multiple methods and you have your generic endpoints. It's a quick and easy way to add small code pieces that are pretty efficient as they're running through a pretty small handler implementation. I can have this up and running in a couple of minutes literally without any setup and returning just about any kind of data. Resources Download the Sample NuGet: Westwind Web and AJAX Utilities (Westwind.Web) ajaxCallMethod() Documentation Using the AjaxMethodCallback WebForms Control West Wind Web Toolkit Home Page West Wind Web Toolkit Source Code © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET jQuery AJAX Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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How LINQ to Object statements work

- by rajbk

This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4: 5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17: 18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22: 23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34: 35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2: 3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16: 17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36: 37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15). For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2: 3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16: 17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36: The output displays the same two employees. Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post, that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12: 13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: 15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12: 13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15: 16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22: 23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40: 41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47: 48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1: 2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1: 2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13: 14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20: 21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: 4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15: 16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24: 25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32: 33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48: 49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55: 56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: 4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15: 16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24: 25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32: 33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48: 49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods. So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4: 5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16: 17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23: 24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31: 32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38: 39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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CodePlex Daily Summary for Saturday, August 09, 2014

CodePlex Daily Summary for Saturday, August 09, 2014Popular ReleasesSEToolbox: SEToolbox 01.042.019 Release 1: Added RadioAntenna broadcast name to ship name detail. Added two additional columns for Asteroid material generation for Asteroid Fields. Added Mass and Block number columns to main display. Added Ellipsis to some columns on main display to reduce name confusion. Added correct SE version number in file when saving. Re-added in reattaching Motor when drag/dropping or importing ships (KeenSH have added RotorEntityId back in after removing it months ago). Added option to export and r...QuickDAL: Initial Public Build: We recommend simply forking the source into your project. But you can use this DLL and PDB (debug symbols) if you'd rather not add clutter to your solution.N-Tier Entity Framework: N-Tier Entity Framework - 1.5 Beta 2: This is a pre-release version. Contents: N-Tier Entity Framework (VS2010).1.5.0-beta002.vsix N-Tier Entity Framework (VS2012).1.5.0-beta002.vsix N-Tier Entity Framework (VS2013).1.5.0-beta002.vsixThe Freemwork - An open game framework in C# .NET: v0.2 - Vortigaunt: Added space partitionning support Added depth support on CompositeSpriteHolder Added multiple components Added camera strategies Added extensions and math methods Added another constructor to Identity2D Updated Tools.TuplesFromT64 to support multiple layers of tiles Updated Identity2D.GlobalTransform property : now returns the screen position, regardless of Identity2D.DependsOnCamera Fixed Rectangle.Transform method Fixed sprite depth support Fixed wrong mathematic functions Multiple bugfixesLanMngmtXL: LanMngmtXL-1.0.61: This release includes binary files for 64 bit OS, source code and manual. Changes- host arp tables loaded - if more than 1 million rows then data saved to several excel tabs Quick How-To (using binary file)Follow these steps to use the software. Check included documentation for more details: Unpack ZIP file Download aditional tools for retrieving configurations like Plink (save to C:\Putty\plink.exe) or WVT (read documentation) Create a device list to get configurations (ex. devices.txt...Remote Linq: Demo - RemoteQueryableToEntityFramework: Demo application to show dynamic queries (joins, aggregations, groupings, projections, etc.) over WCF using EF on server sideTransMock: TransMock 0.9.1 (Beta): Minor fixes of the assembly name with the BizUnit steps Updated the name of the isntaller to indicate that it is for BizTalk server 2010. Tested and working with BizTalk 2013 as well, though assemblies are compiled for .NET 4.0.SharePoint 2013 Lync Presence using jQuery: jQuery Lync Presence: I have fixed the same user multiple times on page issue in this release (Issue # 1506)Dynamics AX IEIDE Project Explorer: IEIDE.1.1.40803.1: Installing the project: 1. Install the ax model file; do this by running the following commands on the machine having the AX Management Tools: 1.a. cmd (depending if you have UAC enabled, you may want to Run as administrator); 1.b. net stop aos60$01 (wait until you have your AOS stopped); 1.c. cd "c:\Program Files\Microsoft Dynamics AX\60\ManagementUtili ties\" 1.d. axutil import /file:c:\IEIDE.1.1.40806.1.axmodel /verbose 1.e. net start aos60$01 1.f. start the client and select Skip 2. Per...Facebook Graph Toolkit: Facebook Graph Toolkit 5.1: Updated to 100 Graph Api endpoint mappings with 258 object propertiesJSLint.NET: JSLint.NET 1.6.4: Bugs: #38: MSBuild task support for linked settings file. #40: Explicitly typed imports / exports required in some Visual Studio environments.Instant Beautiful Browsing: IBB 14.3 Alpha: An alpha release of IBB. After 3 years of the last release this version is made from scratch, with tons of new features like: Make your own IBB aps. HTML 5. Better UI. Extreme Windows 8 resemblance. Photos. Store. Movement TONS of times smother compared to previous versions. Remember that this is AN ALPHA release, I hope I will have "IBB 14" finished by December. The documentation on how to create a new application for IBB will come next monthjQuery List DragSort: jQuery List DragSort 0.5.2: Fixed scrollContainer removing deprecated use of $.browser so should now work with latest version of jQuery. Added the ability to return false in dragEnd to revert sort order Project changes Added nuget package for dragsort https://www.nuget.org/packages/dragsort Converted repository from SVN to MercurialLexisnexis directory of corporate affiliates Text Analyzer: Lexisnexis Text Analyzer: This version has functions below.Standards to analyze, columns, keywords editing Import of document Export to CSV and Microsoft Excel fileWix# (WixSharp) - managed interface for WiX: Release 1.0.0.0: Release 1.0.0.0 Custom UI Custom MSI Dialog Custom CLR Dialog External UIRecaptcha for .NET: Recaptcha for .NET v1.6.0: What's New?Bug fixes Optimized codeMath.NET Numerics: Math.NET Numerics v3.2.0: Linear Algebra: Vector.Map2 (map2 in F#), storage-optimized Linear Algebra: fix RemoveColumn/Row early index bound check (was not strict enough) Statistics: Entropy ~Jeff Mastry Interpolation: use Array.BinarySearch instead of local implementation ~Candy Chiu Resources: fix a corrupted exception message string Portable Build: support .Net 4.0 as well by using profile 328 instead of 344. .Net 3.5: F# extensions now support .Net 3.5 as well .Net 3.5: NuGet package now contains pro...Virto Commerce Enterprise Open Source eCommerce Platform (asp.net mvc): Virto Commerce 1.11: Virto Commerce Community Edition version 1.11. To install the SDK package, please refer to SDK getting started documentation To configure source code package, please refer to Source code getting started documentation This release includes many bug fixes and minor improvements. More details about this release can be found on our blog at http://blog.virtocommerce.com.Json.NET: Json.NET 6.0 Release 4: New feature - Added Merge to LINQ to JSON New feature - Added JValue.CreateNull and JValue.CreateUndefined New feature - Added Windows Phone 8.1 support to .NET 4.0 portable assembly New feature - Added OverrideCreator to JsonObjectContract New feature - Added support for overriding the creation of interfaces and abstract types New feature - Added support for reading UUID BSON binary values as a Guid New feature - Added MetadataPropertyHandling.Ignore New feature - Improv...VidCoder: 1.5.24 Beta: Added NL-Means denoiser. Updated HandBrake core to SVN 6254. Added extra error handling to DVD player code to avoid a crash when the player was moved.New Projects2113110030: ten: pham van long mon: oop 2113110282: Mon: OPP Ten: Tran Thanh Danh2113110294: Mon: OOP Ten: Vo Ngoc Thai Lop:CCQ1311LAarena: TESTSTSTBowling Game: Program that makes you the follow-up to a game of bowling scoresCTP API for .NET: Comprehensive Trading Platform Application Programming Interface for the .NET Framework CTP API Version: V6.3.0Dashboard Chart Exporter for Microsoft Dynamics CRM 2013: Tool to export Dashboard Charts as Image files in Microsoft Dynamics CRM 2013MergeHosts: A python script to merge hosts file together for those enjoying a clean browsing experienceMFCBDAINF: BDA DTV topology information applicationNetFlux Tunneler Client: This client is a simple Tunneler that creates a TCP connection to the server and sends a custom designed header (originally to bypass firewalls) to the server.NetFlux Tunneler Server: This server is a simple Tunneler that accepts a TCP connection from the client and forwards it to another address, intercepting the custom header. oDesk .NET Library: oDesk .NET Portable Library developed by Andrew SorochakOooPlayer: Lightweight music player that supports mp3, aac, ogg, opus, flac, alac, ape, mpc, tta, wv, wma, ac3OOP-2113110292: class :OOP Name : Nguyen Minh TanOOP-2113110299: Mon: OOP Ten: Nguyen Minh Xuan Lop: CCQ1311LA Truong: Cao dang Cong Thuong - Tp. Ho Chi MinhSFML Tower Defence: SFML Tower defence game that was meant to demonstrate the principals taught in the NWU Potchefstroom EERI 314 course. The game is created using SFML and C++.The Happy Birthday Dad Project: A happy birthday message for my dad???????: ???????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????，?????????????????????，?????????????????????????!???????????????????????????????????????????????、??????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。???????????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,?????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,??????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”???? ?????，?????????????????: ?????????????: ????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ???????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，???????? ??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,??????: ??????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,???????: ???????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????，?????????????????????，?????????????????????????!???????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????，?????????????????????，????????????????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、????????: ??????????: ??????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ?????????????: ????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，????????: ???????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，?????????????????????????????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，???????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，???????: ????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。???????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，????????????，????，??“??????”???????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”???? ?????，???????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”?????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。??????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，???????????????????????. ????????????????????，???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ??????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????，??????????????????????????，????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，?????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，?????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，???????????????????????. ????????????????????，???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ??????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。????????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，????????????????????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。??????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,?????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。???????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，???????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,??????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，???????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，??????: ????????????: ???????????: 5454??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ???????????: ????? QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????? ??????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;???????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。　　?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，???????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，???????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”?????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,?????????????????: ??????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,?????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，????????????????: ????? 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?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”?????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,??????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，??????????????????????????????: ???????????: ???????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ???????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，?????????????????????????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,????????????????????: ?????????????: ????????????: ??????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，????????????，????，??“??????”???? ?????，?????????????: ???????????: ???????????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，???????????????????????. ????????????????????，????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。???????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，?????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，???????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，???????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,?????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，????????????????????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。??????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，???????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? 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?????，????????????????，????????????。????，????????????，????，??“??????”???????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”??????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????: ?????????????: ????????????????: ????????????????: ?????????????: ????????????: ???????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，????????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，?????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，???????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????????: ?????????????: ???????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，????????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。???????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。　　?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。???????????????????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? 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Building an ASP.Net 4.5 Web forms application - part 4

- by nikolaosk

?his is the fourth post in a series of posts on how to design and implement an ASP.Net 4.5 Web Forms store that sells posters on line.There are 3 more posts in this series of posts.Please make sure you read them first.You can find the first post here. You can find the second post here. You can find the third post here. In this new post we will build on the previous posts and we will demonstrate how to display the posters per category.We will add a ListView control on the PosterList.aspx and will bind data from the database. We will use the various templates.Then we will write code in the PosterList.aspx.cs to fetch data from the database.1) Launch Visual Studio and open your solution where your project lives2) Open the PosterList.aspx page. We will add some markup in this page. Have a look at the code below <section class="posters-featured"> <ul> <asp:ListView ID="posterList" runat="server" DataKeyNames="PosterID" GroupItemCount="3" ItemType="PostersOnLine.DAL.Poster" SelectMethod="GetPosters"> <EmptyDataTemplate> <table id="Table1" runat="server"> <tr> <td>We have no data.</td> </tr> </table> </EmptyDataTemplate> <EmptyItemTemplate> <td id="Td1" runat="server" /> </EmptyItemTemplate> <GroupTemplate> <tr ID="itemPlaceholderContainer" runat="server"> <td ID="itemPlaceholder" runat="server"></td> </tr> </GroupTemplate> <ItemTemplate> <td id="Td2" runat="server"> <table> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <a href="PosterDetails.aspx?posterID=<%#:Item.PosterID%>"> <img src="<%#:Item.PosterImgpath%>" width="100" height="75" border="1"/></a> </td> <td> <a href="PosterDetails.aspx?posterID=<%#:Item.PosterID%>"> <span class="PosterName"> <%#:Item.PosterName%> </span> </a> <br /> <span class="PosterPrice"> <b>Price: </b><%#:String.Format("{0:c}", Item.PosterPrice)%> </span> <br /> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </ItemTemplate> <LayoutTemplate> <table id="Table2" runat="server"> <tr id="Tr1" runat="server"> <td id="Td3" runat="server"> <table ID="groupPlaceholderContainer" runat="server"> <tr ID="groupPlaceholder" runat="server"></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr id="Tr2" runat="server"><td id="Td4" runat="server"></td></tr> </table> </LayoutTemplate> </asp:ListView> </ul> </section> 3) We have a ListView control on the page called PosterList. I set the ItemType property to the Poster class and then the SelectMethod to the GetPosters method. I will create this method later on. (ItemType="PostersOnLine.DAL.Poster" SelectMethod="GetPosters")Then in the code below I have the data-binding expression Item available and the control becomes strongly typed.So when the user clicks on the link of the poster's category the relevant information will be displayed (photo,name and price) <td> <a href="PosterDetails.aspx?posterID=<%#:Item.PosterID%>"> <img src="<%#:Item.PosterImgpath%>" width="100" height="75" border="1"/></a> </td>4) Now we need to write the simple method to populate the ListView control.It is called GetPosters method.The code follows public IQueryable<Poster> GetPosters([QueryString("id")] int? PosterCatID) { PosterContext ctx = new PosterContext(); IQueryable<Poster> query = ctx.Posters; if (PosterCatID.HasValue && PosterCatID > 0) { query = query.Where(p=>p.PosterCategoryID==PosterCatID); } return query; } This is a very simple method that returns information about posters related to the PosterCatID passed to it.I bind the value from the query string to the PosterCatID parameter at run time.This is all possible due to the QueryStringAttribute class that lives inside the System.Web.ModelBinding and gets the value of the query string variable id.5) I run my application and then click on the "Midfilders" link. Have a look at the picture below to see the results. In the Site.css file I added some new CSS rules to make everything more presentable. .posters-featured { width:840px; background-color:#efefef;}.posters-featured a:link, a:visited, a:active, a:hover { color: #000033; }.posters-featured a:hover { background-color: #85c465; } 6) I run the application again and this time I do not choose any category, I simply navigate to the PosterList.aspx page. I see all the posters since no query string was passed as a parameter.Have a look at the picture below ?ake sure you place breakpoints in the code so you can see what is really going on.In the next post I will show you how to display poster details.Hope it helps!!!

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Setting up Mono/ASP.NET 4.0 on Apache2/Ubuntu: Virtual hosts?

- by Dave

I'm attempting to setup Mono/ASP.NET 4.0 on my Apache server (which is running on Ubuntu). Thus far, I've been following a few tutorials/scripts supplied here, and here. As of now: Apache 2.2 is installed (accessible via 'localhost') Mono 2.10.5 is installed However, I'm struggling to configure Apache correctly... apparently the Virtual Host setting isn't doing its job and invoking the mod_mono plugin, nor is it even pulling source from the proper directory. While the Virtual Host setting points to '\srv\www\localhost', it clearly is pulling content instead from 'var/www/', which I've found is the default DocumentRoot for virtual hosts. I can confirm: "/opt/mono-2.10/bin/mod-mono-server4" exists. Virtual hosts file is being read, since undoing the comment in the main httpd.conf changed the root directory from 'htdocs' to 'var/www/' The Mono installation is at least semi-capable of running ASP 4.0, as evidenced by running XSP, navigating to 0.0.0.0:8080/ and getting an ASP.NET style error page with "Mono ASP 4.0.x" at the bottom. Can anyone point out how to fix these configurations and get Mono linked up with Apache? Here are my configs and relevant information: /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf: # # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information. # In particular, see # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html> # for a discussion of each configuration directive. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo_log" # with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2" will be interpreted by the # server as "/usr/local/apache2/logs/foo_log". # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point # ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive # at a local disk. If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple # httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile. # ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache2" # # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost> # directive. # # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support # # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need # to be loaded here. # # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # <IfModule !mpm_netware_module> <IfModule !mpm_winnt_module> # # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch. # # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services. # User daemon Group daemon </IfModule> </IfModule> # 'Main' server configuration # # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. # # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. # # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. [email protected] # ServerAdmin david@localhost # # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # ServerName localhost:80 # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs" # # Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that # directory (and its subdirectories). # # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of # features. # <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to. # <Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule> # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <FilesMatch "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog "logs/error_log" # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> # # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost> # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do* # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be # logged therein and *not* in this file. # CustomLog "logs/access_log" common # # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive. # #CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> # # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client # will make a new request for the document at its new location. # Example: # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar # # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot. # Example: # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path # # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to # the filesystem path. # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias # directives as to Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <IfModule cgid_module> # # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid. # #Scriptsock logs/cgisock </IfModule> # # "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # <Directory "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> # # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from # filename extension to MIME-type. # TypesConfig conf/mime.types # # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below) # # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi # For type maps (negotiated resources): #AddHandler type-map var # # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. # # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddType text/html .shtml #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # #MIMEMagicFile conf/magic # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # # # MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before # returning the entire resource, or 0 for unlimited # Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges #MaxRanges 0 # # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver # files. This usually improves server performance, but must # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise # broken on your system. # #EnableMMAP off #EnableSendfile off # Supplemental configuration # # The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be # included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as # necessary. # Server-pool management (MPM specific) #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings #Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf # # Note: The following must must be present to support # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl. # <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> * /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf * # # Virtual Hosts # # If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your # machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations # use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about # IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below. # # Please see the documentation at # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/> # for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts. # # You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host # configuration. # # Use name-based virtual hosting. # NameVirtualHost *:80 # # VirtualHost example: # Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container. # The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not # match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block. # <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName localhost ServerAdmin david@localhost DocumentRoot "/srv/www/localhost" # MonoServerPath can be changed to specify which version of ASP.NET is hosted # mod-mono-server1 = ASP.NET 1.1 / mod-mono-server2 = ASP.NET 2.0 # For SUSE Linux Enterprise Mono Extension, uncomment the line below: # MonoServerPath localhost "/opt/novell/mono/bin/mod-mono-server2" # For Mono on openSUSE, uncomment the line below instead: MonoServerPath localhost "/opt/mono-2.10/bin/mod-mono-server4" # To obtain line numbers in stack traces you need to do two things: # 1) Enable Debug code generation in your page by using the Debug="true" # page directive, or by setting <compilation debug="true" /> in the # application's Web.config # 2) Uncomment the MonoDebug true directive below to enable mod_mono debugging MonoDebug localhost true # The MONO_IOMAP environment variable can be configured to provide platform abstraction # for file access in Linux. Valid values for MONO_IOMAP are: # case # drive # all # Uncomment the line below to alter file access behavior for the configured application MonoSetEnv localhost PATH=/opt/mono-2.10/bin:$PATH;LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/mono-2.10/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; # # Additional environtment variables can be set for this server instance using # the MonoSetEnv directive. MonoSetEnv takes a string of 'name=value' pairs # separated by semicolons. For instance, to enable platform abstraction *and* # use Mono's old regular expression interpreter (which is slower, but has a # shorter setup time), uncomment the line below instead: # MonoSetEnv localhost MONO_IOMAP=all;MONO_OLD_RX=1 MonoApplications localhost "/:/srv/www/localhost" <Location "/"> Allow from all Order allow,deny MonoSetServerAlias localhost SetHandler mono SetOutputFilter DEFLATE SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI "\.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$" no-gzip dont-vary </Location> <IfModule mod_deflate.c> AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/javascript </IfModule> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/docs/dummy-host.example.com" ServerName dummy-host.example.com ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/docs/dummy-host2.example.com" ServerName dummy-host2.example.com ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access_log" common </VirtualHost> mono -V output: root@david-ubuntu:~# mono -V Mono JIT compiler version 2.6.7 (Debian 2.6.7-5ubuntu3) Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Novell, Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com TLS: __thread GC: Included Boehm (with typed GC and Parallel Mark) SIGSEGV: altstack Notifications: epoll Architecture: amd64 Disabled: none

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how to use 3D map Actionscript class in mxml file for display map.

- by nemade-vipin

hello friends, I have created the application in which I have to use 3D map Action Script class in mxml file to display a map in form. that is in tab navigator last tab. My ActionScript 3D map class is(FlyingDirections):- package src.SBTSCoreObject { import src.SBTSCoreObject.JSONDecoder; import com.google.maps.InfoWindowOptions; import com.google.maps.LatLng; import com.google.maps.LatLngBounds; import com.google.maps.Map3D; import com.google.maps.MapEvent; import com.google.maps.MapOptions; import com.google.maps.MapType; import com.google.maps.MapUtil; import com.google.maps.View; import com.google.maps.controls.NavigationControl; import com.google.maps.geom.Attitude; import com.google.maps.interfaces.IPolyline; import com.google.maps.overlays.Marker; import com.google.maps.overlays.MarkerOptions; import com.google.maps.services.Directions; import com.google.maps.services.DirectionsEvent; import com.google.maps.services.Route; import flash.display.Bitmap; import flash.display.DisplayObject; import flash.display.DisplayObjectContainer; import flash.display.Loader; import flash.display.LoaderInfo; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.IOErrorEvent; import flash.events.MouseEvent; import flash.events.TimerEvent; import flash.filters.DropShadowFilter; import flash.geom.Point; import flash.net.URLLoader; import flash.net.URLRequest; import flash.net.navigateToURL; import flash.text.TextField; import flash.text.TextFieldAutoSize; import flash.text.TextFormat; import flash.utils.Timer; import flash.utils.getTimer; public class FlyingDirections extends Map3D { /** * Panoramio home page. */ private static const PANORAMIO_HOME:String = "http://www.panoramio.com/"; /** * The icon for the car. */ [Embed("assets/car-icon-24px.png")] private static const Car:Class; /** * The Panoramio icon. */ [Embed("assets/iw_panoramio.png")] private static const PanoramioIcon:Class; /** * We animate a zoom in to the start the route before the car starts * to move. This constant sets the time in seconds over which this * zoom occurs. */ private static const LEAD_IN_DURATION:Number = 3; /** * Duration of the trip in seconds. */ private static const TRIP_DURATION:Number = 40; /** * Constants that define the geometry of the Panoramio image markers. */ private static const BORDER_T:Number = 3; private static const BORDER_L:Number = 10; private static const BORDER_R:Number = 10; private static const BORDER_B:Number = 3; private static const GAP_T:Number = 2; private static const GAP_B:Number = 1; private static const IMAGE_SCALE:Number = 1; /** * Trajectory that the camera follows over time. Each element is an object * containing properties used to generate parameter values for flyTo(..). * fraction = 0 corresponds to the start of the trip; fraction = 1 * correspondsto the end of the trip. */ private var FLY_TRAJECTORY:Array = [ { fraction: 0, zoom: 6, attitude: new Attitude(0, 0, 0) }, { fraction: 0.2, zoom: 8.5, attitude: new Attitude(30, 30, 0) }, { fraction: 0.5, zoom: 9, attitude: new Attitude(30, 40, 0) }, { fraction: 1, zoom: 8, attitude: new Attitude(50, 50, 0) }, { fraction: 1.1, zoom: 8, attitude: new Attitude(130, 50, 0) }, { fraction: 1.2, zoom: 8, attitude: new Attitude(220, 50, 0) }, ]; /** * Number of panaramio photos for which we load data. We'll select a * subset of these approximately evenly spaced along the route. */ private static const NUM_GEOTAGGED_PHOTOS:int = 50; /** * Number of panaramio photos that we actually show. */ private static const NUM_SHOWN_PHOTOS:int = 7; /** * Scaling between real trip time and animation time. */ private static const SCALE_TIME:Number = 0.001; /** * getTimer() value at the instant that we start the trip. If this is 0 then * we have not yet started the car moving. */ private var startTimer:int = 0; /** * The current route. */ private var route:Route; /** * The polyline for the route. */ private var polyline:IPolyline; /** * The car marker. */ private var marker:Marker; /** * The cumulative duration in seconds over each step in the route. * cumulativeStepDuration[0] is 0; cumulativeStepDuration[1] adds the * duration of step 0; cumulativeStepDuration[2] adds the duration * of step 1; etc. */ private var cumulativeStepDuration:/*Number*/Array = []; /** * The cumulative distance in metres over each vertex in the route polyline. * cumulativeVertexDistance[0] is 0; cumulativeVertexDistance[1] adds the * distance to vertex 1; cumulativeVertexDistance[2] adds the distance to * vertex 2; etc. */ private var cumulativeVertexDistance:Array; /** * Array of photos loaded from Panoramio. This array has the same format as * the 'photos' property within the JSON returned by the Panoramio API * (see http://www.panoramio.com/api/), with additional properties added to * individual photo elements to hold the loader structures that fetch * the actual images. */ private var photos:Array = []; /** * Array of polyline vertices, where each element is in world coordinates. * Several computations can be faster if we can use world coordinates * instead of LatLng coordinates. */ private var worldPoly:/*Point*/Array; /** * Whether the start button has been pressed. */ private var startButtonPressed:Boolean = false; /** * Saved event from onDirectionsSuccess call. */ private var directionsSuccessEvent:DirectionsEvent = null; /** * Start button. */ private var startButton:Sprite; /** * Alpha value used for the Panoramio image markers. */ private var markerAlpha:Number = 0; /** * Index of the current driving direction step. Used to update the * info window content each time we progress to a new step. */ private var currentStepIndex:int = -1; /** * The fly directions map constructor. * * @constructor */ public function FlyingDirections() { key="ABQIAAAA7QUChpcnvnmXxsjC7s1fCxQGj0PqsCtxKvarsoS-iqLdqZSKfxTd7Xf-2rEc_PC9o8IsJde80Wnj4g"; super(); addEventListener(MapEvent.MAP_PREINITIALIZE, onMapPreinitialize); addEventListener(MapEvent.MAP_READY, onMapReady); } /** * Handles map preintialize. Initializes the map center and zoom level. * * @param event The map event. */ private function onMapPreinitialize(event:MapEvent):void { setInitOptions(new MapOptions({ center: new LatLng(-26.1, 135.1), zoom: 4, viewMode: View.VIEWMODE_PERSPECTIVE, mapType:MapType.PHYSICAL_MAP_TYPE })); } /** * Handles map ready and looks up directions. * * @param event The map event. */ private function onMapReady(event:MapEvent):void { enableScrollWheelZoom(); enableContinuousZoom(); addControl(new NavigationControl()); // The driving animation will be updated on every frame. addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, enterFrame); addStartButton(); // We start the directions loading now, so that we're ready to go when // the user hits the start button. var directions:Directions = new Directions(); directions.addEventListener( DirectionsEvent.DIRECTIONS_SUCCESS, onDirectionsSuccess); directions.addEventListener( DirectionsEvent.DIRECTIONS_FAILURE, onDirectionsFailure); directions.load("48 Pirrama Rd, Pyrmont, NSW to Byron Bay, NSW"); } /** * Adds a big blue start button. */ private function addStartButton():void { startButton = new Sprite(); startButton.buttonMode = true; startButton.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onStartClick); startButton.graphics.beginFill(0x1871ce); startButton.graphics.drawRoundRect(0, 0, 150, 100, 10, 10); startButton.graphics.endFill(); var startField:TextField = new TextField(); startField.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; startField.defaultTextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 20, 0xffffff, true); startField.text = "Start!"; startButton.addChild(startField); startField.x = 0.5 * (startButton.width - startField.width); startField.y = 0.5 * (startButton.height - startField.height); startButton.filters = [ new DropShadowFilter() ]; var container:DisplayObjectContainer = getDisplayObject() as DisplayObjectContainer; container.addChild(startButton); startButton.x = 0.5 * (container.width - startButton.width); startButton.y = 0.5 * (container.height - startButton.height); var panoField:TextField = new TextField(); panoField.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; panoField.defaultTextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 11, 0x000000, true); panoField.text = "Photos provided by Panoramio are under the copyright of their owners."; container.addChild(panoField); panoField.x = container.width - panoField.width - 5; panoField.y = 5; } /** * Handles directions success. Starts flying the route if everything * is ready. * * @param event The directions event. */ private function onDirectionsSuccess(event:DirectionsEvent):void { directionsSuccessEvent = event; flyRouteIfReady(); } /** * Handles click on the start button. Starts flying the route if everything * is ready. */ private function onStartClick(event:MouseEvent):void { startButton.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onStartClick); var container:DisplayObjectContainer = getDisplayObject() as DisplayObjectContainer; container.removeChild(startButton); startButtonPressed = true; flyRouteIfReady(); } /** * If we have loaded the directions and the start button has been pressed * start flying the directions route. */ private function flyRouteIfReady():void { if (!directionsSuccessEvent || !startButtonPressed) { return; } var directions:Directions = directionsSuccessEvent.directions; // Extract the route. route = directions.getRoute(0); // Draws the polyline showing the route. polyline = directions.createPolyline(); addOverlay(directions.createPolyline()); // Creates a car marker that is moved along the route. var car:DisplayObject = new Car(); marker = new Marker(route.startGeocode.point, new MarkerOptions({ icon: car, iconOffset: new Point(-car.width / 2, -car.height) })); addOverlay(marker); transformPolyToWorld(); createCumulativeArrays(); // Load Panoramio data for the region covered by the route. loadPanoramioData(directions.bounds); var duration:Number = route.duration; // Start a timer that will trigger the car moving after the lead in time. var leadInTimer:Timer = new Timer(LEAD_IN_DURATION * 1000, 1); leadInTimer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, onLeadInDone); leadInTimer.start(); var flyTime:Number = -LEAD_IN_DURATION; // Set up the camera flight trajectory. for each (var flyStep:Object in FLY_TRAJECTORY) { var time:Number = flyStep.fraction * duration; var center:LatLng = latLngAt(time); var scaledTime:Number = time * SCALE_TIME; var zoom:Number = flyStep.zoom; var attitude:Attitude = flyStep.attitude; var elapsed:Number = scaledTime - flyTime; flyTime = scaledTime; flyTo(center, zoom, attitude, elapsed); } } /** * Loads Panoramio data for the route bounds. We load data about more photos * than we need, then select a subset lying along the route. * @param bounds Bounds within which to fetch images. */ private function loadPanoramioData(bounds:LatLngBounds):void { var params:Object = { order: "popularity", set: "full", from: "0", to: NUM_GEOTAGGED_PHOTOS.toString(10), size: "small", minx: bounds.getWest(), miny: bounds.getSouth(), maxx: bounds.getEast(), maxy: bounds.getNorth() }; var loader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(); var request:URLRequest = new URLRequest( "http://www.panoramio.com/map/get_panoramas.php?" + paramsToString(params)); loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, onPanoramioDataLoaded); loader.addEventListener(IOErrorEvent.IO_ERROR, onPanoramioDataFailed); loader.load(request); } /** * Transforms the route polyline to world coordinates. */ private function transformPolyToWorld():void { var numVertices:int = polyline.getVertexCount(); worldPoly = new Array(numVertices); for (var i:int = 0; i < numVertices; ++i) { var vertex:LatLng = polyline.getVertex(i); worldPoly[i] = fromLatLngToPoint(vertex, 0); } } /** * Returns the time at which the route approaches closest to the * given point. * @param world Point in world coordinates. * @return Route time at which the closest approach occurs. */ private function getTimeOfClosestApproach(world:Point):Number { var minDistSqr:Number = Number.MAX_VALUE; var numVertices:int = worldPoly.length; var x:Number = world.x; var y:Number = world.y; var minVertex:int = 0; for (var i:int = 0; i < numVertices; ++i) { var dx:Number = worldPoly[i].x - x; var dy:Number = worldPoly[i].y - y; var distSqr:Number = dx * dx + dy * dy; if (distSqr < minDistSqr) { minDistSqr = distSqr; minVertex = i; } } return cumulativeVertexDistance[minVertex]; } /** * Returns the array index of the first element that compares greater than * the given value. * @param ordered Ordered array of elements. * @param value Value to use for comparison. * @return Array index of the first element that compares greater than * the given value. */ private function upperBound(ordered:Array, value:Number, first:int=0, last:int=-1):int { if (last < 0) { last = ordered.length; } var count:int = last - first; var index:int; while (count > 0) { var step:int = count >> 1; index = first + step; if (value >= ordered[index]) { first = index + 1; count -= step - 1; } else { count = step; } } return first; } /** * Selects up to a given number of photos approximately evenly spaced along * the route. * @param ordered Array of photos, each of which is an object with * a property 'closestTime'. * @param number Number of photos to select. */ private function selectEvenlySpacedPhotos(ordered:Array, number:int):Array { var start:Number = cumulativeVertexDistance[0]; var end:Number = cumulativeVertexDistance[cumulativeVertexDistance.length - 2]; var closestTimes:Array = []; for each (var photo:Object in ordered) { closestTimes.push(photo.closestTime); } var selectedPhotos:Array = []; for (var i:int = 0; i < number; ++i) { var idealTime:Number = start + ((end - start) * (i + 0.5) / number); var index:int = upperBound(closestTimes, idealTime); if (index < 1) { index = 0; } else if (index >= ordered.length) { index = ordered.length - 1; } else { var errorToPrev:Number = Math.abs(idealTime - closestTimes[index - 1]); var errorToNext:Number = Math.abs(idealTime - closestTimes[index]); if (errorToPrev < errorToNext) { --index; } } selectedPhotos.push(ordered[index]); } return selectedPhotos; } /** * Handles completion of loading the Panoramio index data. Selects from the * returned photo indices a subset of those that lie along the route and * initiates load of each of these. * @param event Load completion event. */ private function onPanoramioDataLoaded(event:Event):void { var loader:URLLoader = event.target as URLLoader; var decoder:JSONDecoder = new JSONDecoder(loader.data as String); var allPhotos:Array = decoder.getValue().photos; for each (var photo:Object in allPhotos) { var latLng:LatLng = new LatLng(photo.latitude, photo.longitude); photo.closestTime = getTimeOfClosestApproach(fromLatLngToPoint(latLng, 0)); } allPhotos.sortOn("closestTime", Array.NUMERIC); photos = selectEvenlySpacedPhotos(allPhotos, NUM_SHOWN_PHOTOS); for each (photo in photos) { var photoLoader:Loader = new Loader(); // The images aren't on panoramio.com: we can't acquire pixel access // using "new LoaderContext(true)". photoLoader.load( new URLRequest(photo.photo_file_url)); photo.loader = photoLoader; // Save the loader info: we use this to find the original element when // the load completes. photo.loaderInfo = photoLoader.contentLoaderInfo; photoLoader.contentLoaderInfo.addEventListener( Event.COMPLETE, onPhotoLoaded); } } /** * Creates a MouseEvent listener function that will navigate to the given * URL in a new window. * @param url URL to which to navigate. */ private function createOnClickUrlOpener(url:String):Function { return function(event:MouseEvent):void { navigateToURL(new URLRequest(url)); }; } /** * Handles completion of loading an individual Panoramio image. * Adds a custom marker that displays the image. Initially this is made * invisible so that it can be faded in as needed. * @param event Load completion event. */ private function onPhotoLoaded(event:Event):void { var loaderInfo:LoaderInfo = event.target as LoaderInfo; // We need to find which photo element this image corresponds to. for each (var photo:Object in photos) { if (loaderInfo == photo.loaderInfo) { var imageMarker:Sprite = createImageMarker(photo.loader, photo.owner_name, photo.owner_url); var options:MarkerOptions = new MarkerOptions({ icon: imageMarker, hasShadow: true, iconAlignment: MarkerOptions.ALIGN_BOTTOM | MarkerOptions.ALIGN_LEFT }); var latLng:LatLng = new LatLng(photo.latitude, photo.longitude); var marker:Marker = new Marker(latLng, options); photo.marker = marker; addOverlay(marker); // A hack: we add the actual image after the overlay has been added, // which creates the shadow, so that the shadow is valid even if we // don't have security privileges to generate the shadow from the // image. marker.foreground.visible = false; marker.shadow.alpha = 0; var imageHolder:Sprite = new Sprite(); imageHolder.addChild(photo.loader); imageHolder.buttonMode = true; imageHolder.addEventListener( MouseEvent.CLICK, createOnClickUrlOpener(photo.photo_url)); imageMarker.addChild(imageHolder); return; } } trace("An image was loaded which could not be found in the photo array."); } /** * Creates a custom marker showing an image. */ private function createImageMarker(child:DisplayObject, ownerName:String, ownerUrl:String):Sprite { var content:Sprite = new Sprite(); var panoramioIcon:Bitmap = new PanoramioIcon(); var iconHolder:Sprite = new Sprite(); iconHolder.addChild(panoramioIcon); iconHolder.buttonMode = true; iconHolder.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onPanoramioIconClick); panoramioIcon.x = BORDER_L; panoramioIcon.y = BORDER_T; content.addChild(iconHolder); // NOTE: we add the image as a child only after we've added the marker // to the map. Currently the API requires this if it's to generate the // shadow for unprivileged content. // Shrink the image, so that it doesn't obcure too much screen space. // Ideally, we'd subsample, but we don't have pixel level access. child.scaleX = IMAGE_SCALE; child.scaleY = IMAGE_SCALE; var imageW:Number = child.width; var imageH:Number = child.height; child.x = BORDER_L + 30; child.y = BORDER_T + iconHolder.height + GAP_T; var authorField:TextField = new TextField(); authorField.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; authorField.defaultTextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 12); authorField.text = "author:"; content.addChild(authorField); authorField.x = BORDER_L; authorField.y = BORDER_T + iconHolder.height + GAP_T + imageH + GAP_B; var ownerField:TextField = new TextField(); ownerField.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; var textFormat:TextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 14, 0x0e5f9a); ownerField.defaultTextFormat = textFormat; ownerField.htmlText = "<a href=\"" + ownerUrl + "\" target=\"_blank\">" + ownerName + "</a>"; content.addChild(ownerField); ownerField.x = BORDER_L + authorField.width; ownerField.y = BORDER_T + iconHolder.height + GAP_T + imageH + GAP_B; var totalW:Number = BORDER_L + Math.max(imageW, ownerField.width + authorField.width) + BORDER_R; var totalH:Number = BORDER_T + iconHolder.height + GAP_T + imageH + GAP_B + ownerField.height + BORDER_B; content.graphics.beginFill(0xffffff); content.graphics.drawRoundRect(0, 0, totalW, totalH, 10, 10); content.graphics.endFill(); var marker:Sprite = new Sprite(); marker.addChild(content); content.x = 30; content.y = 0; marker.graphics.lineStyle(); marker.graphics.beginFill(0xff0000); marker.graphics.drawCircle(0, totalH + 30, 3); marker.graphics.endFill(); marker.graphics.lineStyle(2, 0xffffff); marker.graphics.moveTo(30 + 10, totalH - 10); marker.graphics.lineTo(0, totalH + 30); return marker; } /** * Handles click on the Panoramio icon. */ private function onPanoramioIconClick(event:MouseEvent):void { navigateToURL(new URLRequest(PANORAMIO_HOME)); } /** * Handles failure of a Panoramio image load. */ private function onPanoramioDataFailed(event:IOErrorEvent):void { trace("Load of image failed: " + event); } /** * Returns a string containing cgi query parameters. * @param Associative array mapping query parameter key to value. * @return String containing cgi query parameters. */ private static function paramsToString(params:Object):String { var result:String = ""; var separator:String = ""; for (var key:String in params) { result += separator + encodeURIComponent(key) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(params[key]); separator = "&"; } return result; } /** * Called once the lead-in flight is done. Starts the car driving along * the route and starts a timer to begin fade in of the Panoramio * images in 1.5 seconds. */ private function onLeadInDone(event:Event):void { // Set startTimer non-zero so that the car starts to move. startTimer = getTimer(); // Start a timer that will fade in the Panoramio images. var fadeInTimer:Timer = new Timer(1500, 1); fadeInTimer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, onFadeInTimer); fadeInTimer.start(); } /** * Handles the fade in timer's TIMER event. Sets markerAlpha above zero * which causes the frame enter handler to fade in the markers. */ private function onFadeInTimer(event:Event):void { markerAlpha = 0.01; } /** * The end time of the flight. */ private function get endTime():Number { if (!cumulativeStepDuration || cumulativeStepDuration.length == 0) { return startTimer; } return startTimer + cumulativeStepDuration[cumulativeStepDuration.length - 1]; } /** * Creates the cumulative arrays, cumulativeStepDuration and * cumulativeVertexDistance. */ private function createCumulativeArrays():void { cumulativeStepDuration = new Array(route.numSteps + 1); cumulativeVertexDistance = new Array(polyline.getVertexCount() + 1); var polylineTotal:Number = 0; var total:Number = 0; var numVertices:int = polyline.getVertexCount(); for (var stepIndex:int = 0; stepIndex < route.numSteps; ++stepIndex) { cumulativeStepDuration[stepIndex] = total; total += route.getStep(stepIndex).duration; var startVertex:int = stepIndex >= 0 ? route.getStep(stepIndex).polylineIndex : 0; var endVertex:int = stepIndex < (route.numSteps - 1) ? route.getStep(stepIndex + 1).polylineIndex : numVertices; var duration:Number = route.getStep(stepIndex).duration; var stepVertices:int = endVertex - startVertex; var latLng:LatLng = polyline.getVertex(startVertex); for (var vertex:int = startVertex; vertex < endVertex; ++vertex) { cumulativeVertexDistance[vertex] = polylineTotal; if (vertex < numVertices - 1) { var nextLatLng:LatLng = polyline.getVertex(vertex + 1); polylineTotal += nextLatLng.distanceFrom(latLng); } latLng = nextLatLng; } } cumulativeStepDuration[stepIndex] = total; } /** * Opens the info window above the car icon that details the given * step of the driving directions. * @param stepIndex Index of the current step. */ private function openInfoForStep(stepIndex:int):void { // Sets the content of the info window. var content:String; if (stepIndex >= route.numSteps) { content = "<b>" + route.endGeocode.address + "</b>" + "<br /><br />" + route.summaryHtml; } else { content = "<b>" + stepIndex + ".</b> " + route.getStep(stepIndex).descriptionHtml; } marker.openInfoWindow(new InfoWindowOptions({ contentHTML: content })); } /** * Displays the driving directions step appropriate for the given time. * Opens the info window showing the step instructions each time we * progress to a new step. * @param time Time for which to display the step. */ private function displayStepAt(time:Number):void { var stepIndex:int = upperBound(cumulativeStepDuration, time) - 1; var minStepIndex:int = 0; var maxStepIndex:int = route.numSteps - 1; if (stepIndex >= 0 && stepIndex <= maxStepIndex && currentStepIndex != stepIndex) { openInfoForStep(stepIndex); currentStepIndex = stepIndex; } } /** * Returns the LatLng at which the car should be positioned at the given * time. * @param time Time for which LatLng should be found. * @return LatLng. */ private function latLngAt(time:Number):LatLng { var stepIndex:int = upperBound(cumulativeStepDuration, time) - 1; var minStepIndex:int = 0; var maxStepIndex:int = route.numSteps - 1; if (stepIndex < minStepIndex) { return route.startGeocode.point; } else if (stepIndex > maxStepIndex) { return route.endGeocode.point; } var stepStart:Number = cumulativeStepDuration[stepIndex]; var stepEnd:Number = cumulativeStepDuration[stepIndex + 1]; var stepFraction:Number = (time - stepStart) / (stepEnd - stepStart); var startVertex:int = route.getStep(stepIndex).polylineIndex; var endVertex:int = (stepIndex + 1) < route.numSteps ? route.getStep(stepIndex + 1).polylineIndex : polyline.getVertexCount(); var stepVertices:int = endVertex - startVertex; var stepLeng

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ASP.NET MVC 2 strange behavior

- by Voice

Hi Recently I installed VS 2010 Release (migrated from RC) and my MVC application is not working anymore. More concrete: I have a wizard with several steps for new customer account creation (Jquery form wizard, but it doesn't really matter). Each step contains a typed partial View for each part of account: Company, Customer, Licence, etc. When I submit the form I see really strange thing in ModelState. There are duplicate keys for Company: with "Company" prefix and without it. Something like this: [6] "Company.Phone" string [12] "Phone" string My model state for all these keys is not valid because Company is actually null and validation fails. When it was RC there were no such keys with "Company" prefix. So these keys in ModelState with prefix "Company" appeared after I installed VS Release. Here is my code: Main View <div id="registerSteps"> <div id="firstStep" class="step"> <fieldset> <legend><%=Html.Encode(Register.CustomerInfo) %></legend> <% Html.RenderPartial("CustomerInfo", ViewData["newCust"]); %> </fieldset> </div> <div id="secondStep" class="step"> <fieldset> <legend><%=Html.Encode(Register.CompanyInfo) %></legend> <% Html.RenderPartial("CompanyInfo", ViewData["newComp"]); %> </fieldset> </div> <div id="thirdStep" class="step"> <fieldset> <legend><%=Html.Encode(Register.LicenceInfo) %></legend> <% Html.RenderPartial("LicenceInfo", ViewData["newLic"]); %> </fieldset> </div> <div id="lastStep" class="step"> <fieldset> <legend><%=Html.Encode(Register.PrivacyStatement) %></legend> <% Html.RenderPartial("PrivacyStatementInfo"); %> </fieldset> </div> <div id="registerNavigation"> <input class="navigation_button" value="Back" type="reset"/> <input class="navigation_button" value="Next" type="submit"/> </div> </div> Two partial views (to show that they are actually identical): Company: <div id="dCompanyInfo"> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(company => company.Name, Register.CompanyName) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.TextBoxFor(company => company.Name) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(company => company.Name) %> </div> </div> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(company => company.Phone, Register.Phone) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.TextBoxFor(company => company.Phone) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(company => company.Phone) %> </div> </div> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(company => company.Fax, Register.Fax) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.TextBoxFor(company => company.Fax) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(company => company.Fax) %> </div> </div> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(company => company.Size_ID, Register.CompanySize) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.ValueListDropDown(company => company.Size_ID, (CodeRoad.AQua.DomainModel.ValueList)ViewData["CompSize"], (string)ViewData["Culture"]) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(company => company.Size_ID) %> </div> </div> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(company => company.Industry_ID, Register.Industry) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.ValueListDropDown(company => company.Industry_ID, (CodeRoad.AQua.DomainModel.ValueList)ViewData["Industry"], (string)ViewData["Culture"]) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(company => company.Industry_ID) %> </div> </div> </div> And for Customer <div id="dCustomerInfo"> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(customer => customer.Email, Register.Email) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.TextBoxFor(customer => customer.Email) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(customer => customer.Email) %> </div> </div> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(customer => customer.Male, Register.Gender) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.ListBoolEditor(customer => customer.Male, Register.Male, Register.Female, Register.GenderOptionLabel) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(customer => customer.Male) %> </div> </div> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(customer => customer.FirstName, Register.FirstName) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.TextBoxFor(customer => customer.FirstName) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(customer => customer.FirstName) %> </div> </div> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(customer => customer.LastName, Register.LastName) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.TextBoxFor(customer => customer.LastName) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(customer => customer.LastName) %> </div> </div> <div> <div> <%=Html.LocalizableLabelFor(customer => customer.Role_ID, Register.Role) %> </div> <div> <%=Html.ValueListDropDown(customer => customer.Role_ID, (CodeRoad.AQua.DomainModel.ValueList)ViewData["OrgRole"], (string)ViewData["Culture"]) %> <%=Html.ValidationMessageFor(customer => customer.Role_ID) %> </div> </div> </div> There are some home made extension methods, but they worked pretty well in previous version (VS RC). Html which is generated is also ok, no "Company.Phone"-like stuff. So I wonder, where all these keys with "Company" came from and what can I do with that? I appreciate any solution.

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Sensible Way to Pass Web Data in XML to a SQL Server Database

- by Emtucifor

After exploring several different ways to pass web data to a database for update purposes, I'm wondering if XML might be a good strategy. The database is currently SQL 2000. In a few months it will move to SQL 2005 and I will be able to change things if needed, but I need a SQL 2000 solution now. First of all, the database in question uses the EAV model. I know that this kind of database is generally highly frowned on, so for the purposes of this question, please just accept that this is not going to change. The current update method has the web server inserting values (that have all been converted first to their correct underlying types, then to sql_variant) to a temp table. A stored procedure is then run which expects the temp table to exist and it takes care of updating, inserting, or deleting things as needed. So far, only a single element has needed to be updated at a time. But now, there is a requirement to be able to edit multiple elements at once, and also to support hierarchical elements, each of which can have its own list of attributes. Here's some example XML I hand-typed to demonstrate what I'm thinking of. Note that in this database the Entity is Element and an ID of 0 signifies "create" aka an insert of a new item. <Elements> <Element ID="1234"> <Attr ID="221">Value</Attr> <Attr ID="225">287</Attr> <Attr ID="234"> <Element ID="99825"> <Attr ID="7">Value1</Attr> <Attr ID="8">Value2</Attr> <Attr ID="9" Action="delete" /> </Element> <Element ID="99826" Action="delete" /> <Element ID="0" Type="24"> <Attr ID="7">Value4</Attr> <Attr ID="8">Value5</Attr> <Attr ID="9">Value6</Attr> </Element> <Element ID="0" Type="24"> <Attr ID="7">Value7</Attr> <Attr ID="8">Value8</Attr> <Attr ID="9">Value9</Attr> </Element> </Attr> <Rel ID="3827" Action="delete" /> <Rel ID="2284" Role="parent"> <Element ID="3827" /> <Element ID="3829" /> <Attr ID="665">1</Attr> </Rel> <Rel ID="0" Type="23" Role="child"> <Element ID="3830" /> <Attr ID="67" </Rel> </Element> <Element ID="0" Type="87"> <Attr ID="221">Value</Attr> <Attr ID="225">569</Attr> <Attr ID="234"> <Element ID="0" Type="24"> <Attr ID="7">Value10</Attr> <Attr ID="8">Value11</Attr> <Attr ID="9">Value12</Attr> </Element> </Attr> </Element> <Element ID="1235" Action="delete" /> </Elements> Some Attributes are straight value types, such as AttrID 221. But AttrID 234 is a special "multi-value" type that can have a list of elements underneath it, and each one can have one or more values. Types only need to be presented when a new item is created, since the ElementID fully implies the type if it already exists. I'll probably support only passing in changed items (as detected by javascript). And there may be an Action="Delete" on Attr elements as well, since NULLs are treated as "unselected"--sometimes it's very important to know if a Yes/No question has intentionally been answered No or if no one's bothered to say Yes yet. There is also a different kind of data, a Relationship. At this time, those are updated through individual AJAX calls as things are edited in the UI, but I'd like to include those so that changes to relationships can be canceled (right now, once you change it, it's done). So those are really elements, too, but they are called Rel instead of Element. Relationships are implemented as ElementID1 and ElementID2, so the RelID 2284 in the XML above is in the database as: ElementID 2284 ElementID1 1234 ElementID2 3827 Having multiple children in one relationship isn't currently supported, but it would be nice later. Does this strategy and the example XML make sense? Is there a more sensible way? I'm just looking for some broad critique to help save me from going down a bad path. Any aspect that you'd like to comment on would be helpful. The web language happens to be Classic ASP, but that could change to ASP.Net at some point. A persistence engine like Linq or nHibernate is probably not acceptable right now--I just want to get this already working application enhanced without a huge amount of development time. I'll choose the answer that shows experience and has a balance of good warnings about what not to do, confirmations of what I'm planning to do, and recommendations about something else to do. I'll make it as objective as possible. P.S. I'd like to handle unicode characters as well as very long strings (10k +). UPDATE I have had this working for some time and I used the ADO Recordset Save-To-Stream trick to make creating the XML really easy. The result seems to be fairly fast, though if speed ever becomes a problem I may revisit this. In the meantime, my code works to handle any number of elements and attributes on the page at once, including updating, deleting, and creating new items all in one go. I settled on a scheme like so for all my elements: Existing data elements Example: input name e12345_a678 (element 12345, attribute 678), the input value is the value of the attribute. New elements Javascript copies a hidden template of the set of HTML elements needed for the type into the correct location on the page, increments a counter to get a new ID for this item, and prepends the number to the names of the form items. var newid = 0; function metadataAdd(reference, nameid, value) { var t = document.createElement('input'); t.setAttribute('name', nameid); t.setAttribute('id', nameid); t.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); t.setAttribute('value', value); reference.appendChild(t); } function multiAdd(target, parentelementid, attrid, elementtypeid) { var proto = document.getElementById('a' + attrid + '_proto'); var instance = document.createElement('p'); target.parentNode.parentNode.insertBefore(instance, target.parentNode); var thisid = ++newid; instance.innerHTML = proto.innerHTML.replace(/{prefix}/g, 'n' + thisid + '_'); instance.id = 'n' + thisid; instance.className += ' new'; metadataAdd(instance, 'n' + thisid + '_p', parentelementid); metadataAdd(instance, 'n' + thisid + '_c', attrid); metadataAdd(instance, 'n' + thisid + '_t', elementtypeid); return false; } Example: Template input name _a678 becomes n1_a678 (a new element, the first one on the page, attribute 678). all attributes of this new element are tagged with the same prefix of n1. The next new item will be n2, and so on. Some hidden form inputs are created: n1_t, value is the elementtype of the element to be created n1_p, value is the parent id of the element (if it is a relationship) n1_c, value is the child id of the element (if it is a relationship) Deleting elements A hidden input is created in the form e12345_t with value set to 0. The existing controls displaying that attribute's values are disabled so they are not included in the form post. So "set type to 0" is treated as delete. With this scheme, every item on the page has a unique name and can be distinguished properly, and every action can be represented properly. When the form is posted, here's a sample of building one of the two recordsets used (classic ASP code): Set Data = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset") Data.Fields.Append "ElementID", adInteger, 4, adFldKeyColumn Data.Fields.Append "AttrID", adInteger, 4, adFldKeyColumn Data.Fields.Append "Value", adLongVarWChar, 2147483647, adFldIsNullable Or adFldMayBeNull Data.CursorLocation = adUseClient Data.CursorType = adOpenDynamic Data.Open This is the recordset for values, the other is for the elements themselves. I step through the posted form and for the element recordset use a Scripting.Dictionary populated with instances of a custom Class that has the properties I need, so that I can add the values piecemeal, since they don't always come in order. New elements are added as negative to distinguish them from regular elements (rather than requiring a separate column to indicate if it is new or addresses an existing element). I use regular expression to tear apart the form keys: "^(e|n)([0-9]{1,10})_(a|p|t|c)([0-9]{0,10})$" Then, adding an attribute looks like this. Data.AddNew ElementID.Value = DataID AttrID.Value = Integerize(Matches(0).SubMatches(3)) AttrValue.Value = Request.Form(Key) Data.Update ElementID, AttrID, and AttrValue are references to the fields of the recordset. This method is hugely faster than using Data.Fields("ElementID").Value each time. I loop through the Dictionary of element updates and ignore any that don't have all the proper information, adding the good ones to the recordset. Then I call my data-updating stored procedure like so: Set Cmd = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Command") With Cmd Set .ActiveConnection = MyDBConn .CommandType = adCmdStoredProc .CommandText = "DataPost" .Prepared = False .Parameters.Append .CreateParameter("@ElementMetadata", adLongVarWChar, adParamInput, 2147483647, XMLFromRecordset(Element)) .Parameters.Append .CreateParameter("@ElementData", adLongVarWChar, adParamInput, 2147483647, XMLFromRecordset(Data)) End With Result.Open Cmd ' previously created recordset object with options set Here's the function that does the xml conversion: Private Function XMLFromRecordset(Recordset) Dim Stream Set Stream = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Stream") Stream.Open Recordset.Save Stream, adPersistXML Stream.Position = 0 XMLFromRecordset = Stream.ReadText End Function Just in case the web page needs to know, the SP returns a recordset of any new elements, showing their page value and their created value (so I can see that n1 is now e12346 for example). Here are some key snippets from the stored procedure. Note this is SQL 2000 for now, though I'll be able to switch to 2005 soon: CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[DataPost] @ElementMetaData ntext, @ElementData ntext AS DECLARE @hdoc int --- snip --- EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @hdoc OUTPUT, @ElementMetaData, '<xml xmlns:s="uuid:BDC6E3F0-6DA3-11d1-A2A3-00AA00C14882" xmlns:dt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882" xmlns:rs="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:rowset" xmlns:z="#RowsetSchema" />' INSERT #ElementMetadata (ElementID, ElementTypeID, ElementID1, ElementID2) SELECT * FROM OPENXML(@hdoc, '/xml/rs:data/rs:insert/z:row', 0) WITH ( ElementID int, ElementTypeID int, ElementID1 int, ElementID2 int ) ORDER BY ElementID -- orders negative items (new elements) first so they begin counting at 1 for later ID calculation EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @hdoc --- snip --- UPDATE E SET E.ElementTypeID = M.ElementTypeID FROM Element E INNER JOIN #ElementMetadata M ON E.ElementID = M.ElementID WHERE E.ElementID >= 1 AND M.ElementTypeID >= 1 The following query does the correlation of the negative new element ids to the newly inserted ones: UPDATE #ElementMetadata -- Correlate the new ElementIDs with the input rows SET NewElementID = Scope_Identity() - @@RowCount + DataID WHERE ElementID < 0 Other set-based queries do all the other work of validating that the attributes are allowed, are the correct data type, and inserting, updating, and deleting elements and attributes. I hope this brief run-down is useful to others some day! Converting ADO Recordsets to an XML stream was a huge winner for me as it saved all sorts of time and had a namespace and schema already defined that made the results come out correctly. Using a flatter XML format with 2 inputs was also much easier than sticking to some ideal about having everything in a single XML stream.

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Sensible Way to Pass Web Data to Sql Server Database

- by Emtucifor

After exploring several different ways to pass web data to a database for update purposes, I'm wondering if XML might be a good strategy. The database is currently SQL 2000. In a few months it will move to SQL 2005 and I will be able to change things if needed, but I need a SQL 2000 solution now. First of all, the database in question uses the EAV model. I know that this kind of database is generally highly frowned on, so for the purposes of this question, please just accept that this is not going to change. The current update method has the web server inserting values (that have all been converted first to their correct underlying types, then to sql_variant) to a temp table. A stored procedure is then run which expects the temp table to exist and it takes care of updating, inserting, or deleting things as needed. So far, only a single element has needed to be updated at a time. But now, there is a requirement to be able to edit multiple elements at once, and also to support hierarchical elements, each of which can have its own list of attributes. Here's some example XML I hand-typed to demonstrate what I'm thinking of. Note that in this database the Entity is Element and an ID of 0 signifies "create" aka an insert of a new item. <Elements> <Element ID="1234"> <Attr ID="221">Value</Attr> <Attr ID="225">287</Attr> <Attr ID="234"> <Element ID="99825"> <Attr ID="7">Value1</Attr> <Attr ID="8">Value2</Attr> <Attr ID="9" Action="delete" /> </Element> <Element ID="99826" Action="delete" /> <Element ID="0" Type="24"> <Attr ID="7">Value4</Attr> <Attr ID="8">Value5</Attr> <Attr ID="9">Value6</Attr> </Element> <Element ID="0" Type="24"> <Attr ID="7">Value7</Attr> <Attr ID="8">Value8</Attr> <Attr ID="9">Value9</Attr> </Element> </Attr> <Rel ID="3827" Action="delete" /> <Rel ID="2284" Role="parent"> <Element ID="3827" /> <Element ID="3829" /> <Attr ID="665">1</Attr> </Rel> <Rel ID="0" Type="23" Role="child"> <Element ID="3830" /> <Attr ID="67" </Rel> </Element> <Element ID="0" Type="87"> <Attr ID="221">Value</Attr> <Attr ID="225">569</Attr> <Attr ID="234"> <Element ID="0" Type="24"> <Attr ID="7">Value10</Attr> <Attr ID="8">Value11</Attr> <Attr ID="9">Value12</Attr> </Element> </Attr> </Element> <Element ID="1235" Action="delete" /> </Elements> Some Attributes are straight value types, such as AttrID 221. But AttrID 234 is a special "multi-value" type that can have a list of elements underneath it, and each one can have one or more values. Types only need to be presented when a new item is created, since the ElementID fully implies the type if it already exists. I'll probably support only passing in changed items (as detected by javascript). And there may be an Action="Delete" on Attr elements as well, since NULLs are treated as "unselected"--sometimes it's very important to know if a Yes/No question has intentionally been answered No or if no one's bothered to say Yes yet. There is also a different kind of data, a Relationship. At this time, those are updated through individual AJAX calls as things are edited in the UI, but I'd like to include those so that changes to relationships can be canceled (right now, once you change it, it's done). So those are really elements, too, but they are called Rel instead of Element. Relationships are implemented as ElementID1 and ElementID2, so the RelID 2284 in the XML above is in the database as: ElementID 2284 ElementID1 1234 ElementID2 3827 Having multiple children in one relationship isn't currently supported, but it would be nice later. Does this strategy and the example XML make sense? Is there a more sensible way? I'm just looking for some broad critique to help save me from going down a bad path. Any aspect that you'd like to comment on would be helpful. The web language happens to be Classic ASP, but that could change to ASP.Net at some point. A persistence engine like Linq or nHibernate is probably not acceptable right now--I just want to get this already working application enhanced without a huge amount of development time. I'll choose the answer that shows experience and has a balance of good warnings about what not to do, confirmations of what I'm planning to do, and recommendations about something else to do. I'll make it as objective as possible. P.S. I'd like to handle unicode characters as well as very long strings (10k +). UPDATE I have had this working for some time and I used the ADO Recordset Save-To-Stream trick to make creating the XML really easy. The result seems to be fairly fast, though if speed ever becomes a problem I may revisit this. In the meantime, my code works to handle any number of elements and attributes on the page at once, including updating, deleting, and creating new items all in one go. I settled on a scheme like so for all my elements: Existing data elements Example: input name e12345_a678 (element 12345, attribute 678), the input value is the value of the attribute. New elements Javascript copies a hidden template of the set of HTML elements needed for the type into the correct location on the page, increments a counter to get a new ID for this item, and prepends the number to the names of the form items. var newid = 0; function metadataAdd(reference, nameid, value) { var t = document.createElement('input'); t.setAttribute('name', nameid); t.setAttribute('id', nameid); t.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); t.setAttribute('value', value); reference.appendChild(t); } function multiAdd(target, parentelementid, attrid, elementtypeid) { var proto = document.getElementById('a' + attrid + '_proto'); var instance = document.createElement('p'); target.parentNode.parentNode.insertBefore(instance, target.parentNode); var thisid = ++newid; instance.innerHTML = proto.innerHTML.replace(/{prefix}/g, 'n' + thisid + '_'); instance.id = 'n' + thisid; instance.className += ' new'; metadataAdd(instance, 'n' + thisid + '_p', parentelementid); metadataAdd(instance, 'n' + thisid + '_c', attrid); metadataAdd(instance, 'n' + thisid + '_t', elementtypeid); return false; } Example: Template input name _a678 becomes n1_a678 (a new element, the first one on the page, attribute 678). all attributes of this new element are tagged with the same prefix of n1. The next new item will be n2, and so on. Some hidden form inputs are created: n1_t, value is the elementtype of the element to be created n1_p, value is the parent id of the element (if it is a relationship) n1_c, value is the child id of the element (if it is a relationship) Deleting elements A hidden input is created in the form e12345_t with value set to 0. The existing controls displaying that attribute's values are disabled so they are not included in the form post. So "set type to 0" is treated as delete. With this scheme, every item on the page has a unique name and can be distinguished properly, and every action can be represented properly. When the form is posted, here's a sample of building one of the two recordsets used (classic ASP code): Set Data = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset") Data.Fields.Append "ElementID", adInteger, 4, adFldKeyColumn Data.Fields.Append "AttrID", adInteger, 4, adFldKeyColumn Data.Fields.Append "Value", adLongVarWChar, 2147483647, adFldIsNullable Or adFldMayBeNull Data.CursorLocation = adUseClient Data.CursorType = adOpenDynamic Data.Open This is the recordset for values, the other is for the elements themselves. I step through the posted form and for the element recordset use a Scripting.Dictionary populated with instances of a custom Class that has the properties I need, so that I can add the values piecemeal, since they don't always come in order. New elements are added as negative to distinguish them from regular elements (rather than requiring a separate column to indicate if it is new or addresses an existing element). I use regular expression to tear apart the form keys: "^(e|n)([0-9]{1,10})_(a|p|t|c)([0-9]{0,10})$" Then, adding an attribute looks like this. Data.AddNew ElementID.Value = DataID AttrID.Value = Integerize(Matches(0).SubMatches(3)) AttrValue.Value = Request.Form(Key) Data.Update ElementID, AttrID, and AttrValue are references to the fields of the recordset. This method is hugely faster than using Data.Fields("ElementID").Value each time. I loop through the Dictionary of element updates and ignore any that don't have all the proper information, adding the good ones to the recordset. Then I call my data-updating stored procedure like so: Set Cmd = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Command") With Cmd Set .ActiveConnection = MyDBConn .CommandType = adCmdStoredProc .CommandText = "DataPost" .Prepared = False .Parameters.Append .CreateParameter("@ElementMetadata", adLongVarWChar, adParamInput, 2147483647, XMLFromRecordset(Element)) .Parameters.Append .CreateParameter("@ElementData", adLongVarWChar, adParamInput, 2147483647, XMLFromRecordset(Data)) End With Result.Open Cmd ' previously created recordset object with options set Here's the function that does the xml conversion: Private Function XMLFromRecordset(Recordset) Dim Stream Set Stream = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Stream") Stream.Open Recordset.Save Stream, adPersistXML Stream.Position = 0 XMLFromRecordset = Stream.ReadText End Function Just in case the web page needs to know, the SP returns a recordset of any new elements, showing their page value and their created value (so I can see that n1 is now e12346 for example). Here are some key snippets from the stored procedure. Note this is SQL 2000 for now, though I'll be able to switch to 2005 soon: CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[DataPost] @ElementMetaData ntext, @ElementData ntext AS DECLARE @hdoc int --- snip --- EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @hdoc OUTPUT, @ElementMetaData, '<xml xmlns:s="uuid:BDC6E3F0-6DA3-11d1-A2A3-00AA00C14882" xmlns:dt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882" xmlns:rs="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:rowset" xmlns:z="#RowsetSchema" />' INSERT #ElementMetadata (ElementID, ElementTypeID, ElementID1, ElementID2) SELECT * FROM OPENXML(@hdoc, '/xml/rs:data/rs:insert/z:row', 0) WITH ( ElementID int, ElementTypeID int, ElementID1 int, ElementID2 int ) ORDER BY ElementID -- orders negative items (new elements) first so they begin counting at 1 for later ID calculation EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @hdoc --- snip --- UPDATE E SET E.ElementTypeID = M.ElementTypeID FROM Element E INNER JOIN #ElementMetadata M ON E.ElementID = M.ElementID WHERE E.ElementID >= 1 AND M.ElementTypeID >= 1 The following query does the correlation of the negative new element ids to the newly inserted ones: UPDATE #ElementMetadata -- Correlate the new ElementIDs with the input rows SET NewElementID = Scope_Identity() - @@RowCount + DataID WHERE ElementID < 0 Other set-based queries do all the other work of validating that the attributes are allowed, are the correct data type, and inserting, updating, and deleting elements and attributes. I hope this brief run-down is useful to others some day! Converting ADO Recordsets to an XML stream was a huge winner for me as it saved all sorts of time and had a namespace and schema already defined that made the results come out correctly. Using a flatter XML format with 2 inputs was also much easier than sticking to some ideal about having everything in a single XML stream.

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Why keylistener is not working here?

- by swift

i have implemented keylistener interface and implemented all the needed methods but when i press the key nothing happens here, why? package swing; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.Point; import java.awt.RenderingHints; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; import java.awt.event.KeyListener; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.awt.event.MouseListener; import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.swing.BorderFactory; import javax.swing.BoxLayout; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLayeredPane; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JTextArea; class Paper extends JPanel implements MouseListener,MouseMotionListener,ActionListener,KeyListener { static BufferedImage image; String shape; Color color=Color.black; Point start; Point end; Point mp; Button elipse=new Button("elipse"); int x[]=new int[50]; int y[]=new int[50]; Button rectangle=new Button("rect"); Button line=new Button("line"); Button roundrect=new Button("roundrect"); Button polygon=new Button("poly"); Button text=new Button("text"); ImageIcon erasericon=new ImageIcon("images/eraser.gif"); JButton erase=new JButton(erasericon); JButton[] colourbutton=new JButton[9]; String selected; Point label; String key; int ex,ey;//eraser //DatagramSocket dataSocket; JButton button = new JButton("test"); JLayeredPane layerpane; Point p=new Point(); int w,h; public Paper() { JFrame frame=new JFrame("Whiteboard"); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(640, 480); frame.setBackground(Color.black); layerpane=frame.getLayeredPane(); setWidth(539,444); setBounds(69,0,555,444); layerpane.add(this,new Integer(2)); layerpane.add(this.addButtons(),new Integer(0)); setLayout(null); setOpaque(false); addMouseListener(this); addMouseMotionListener(this); setFocusable(true); addKeyListener(this); System.out.println(isFocusable()); setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.black)); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { try { super.paintComponent(g); g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; if(color!=null) g2.setPaint(color); if(start!=null && end!=null) { if(selected==("elipse")) g2.drawOval(start.x, start.y,(end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y)); else if(selected==("rect")) g2.drawRect(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y)); else if(selected==("rrect")) g2.drawRoundRect(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y),11,11); else if(selected==("line")) g2.drawLine(start.x,start.y,end.x,end.y); else if(selected==("poly")) g2.drawPolygon(x,y,2); } } catch(Exception e) {} } //Function to draw the shape on image public void draw() { Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics(); g2.setPaint(color); if(start!=null && end!=null) { if(selected=="line") g2.drawLine(start.x, start.y, end.x, end.y); else if(selected=="elipse") g2.drawOval(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y)); else if(selected=="rect") g2.drawRect(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y)); else if(selected==("rrect")) g2.drawRoundRect(start.x, start.y, (end.x-start.x),(end.y-start.y),11,11); else if(selected==("poly")) g2.drawPolygon(x,y,2); } if(label!=null) { JTextArea textarea=new JTextArea(); if(selected==("text")) { textarea.setBounds(label.x, label.y, 50, 50); textarea.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(100,100)); textarea.setBackground(new Color(237,237,237)); add(textarea); g2.drawString("key",label.x,label.y); } } start=null; repaint(); g2.dispose(); } public void text() { System.out.println(label); } //Function which provides the erase functionality public void erase() { Graphics2D pic=(Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); Color erasecolor=new Color(237,237,237); pic.setPaint(erasecolor); if(start!=null) pic.fillRect(start.x, start.y, 10, 10); } //To set the size of the image public void setWidth(int x,int y) { System.out.println("("+x+","+y+")"); w=x; h=y; image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB); } //Function to add buttons into the panel, calling this function returns a panel public JPanel addButtons() { JPanel buttonpanel=new JPanel(); buttonpanel.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(70,70)); JPanel shape=new JPanel(); JPanel colourbox=new JPanel(); shape.setLayout(new GridLayout(4,2)); shape.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(70,140)); colourbox.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,3)); colourbox.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(70,70)); buttonpanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(buttonpanel,BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); elipse.addActionListener(this); elipse.setToolTipText("Elipse"); rectangle.addActionListener(this); rectangle.setToolTipText("Rectangle"); line.addActionListener( this); line.setToolTipText("Line"); erase.addActionListener(this); erase.setToolTipText("Eraser"); roundrect.addActionListener(this); roundrect.setToolTipText("Round rect"); polygon.addActionListener(this); polygon.setToolTipText("Polygon"); text.addActionListener(this); text.setToolTipText("Text"); shape.add(elipse); shape.add(rectangle); shape.add(line); shape.add(erase); shape.add(roundrect); shape.add(polygon); shape.add(text); buttonpanel.add(shape); for(int i=0;i<9;i++) { colourbutton[i]=new JButton(); colourbox.add(colourbutton[i]); if(i==0) colourbutton[0].setBackground(Color.black); else if(i==1) colourbutton[1].setBackground(Color.white); else if(i==2) colourbutton[2].setBackground(Color.red); else if(i==3) colourbutton[3].setBackground(Color.orange); else if(i==4) colourbutton[4].setBackground(Color.blue); else if(i==5) colourbutton[5].setBackground(Color.green); else if(i==6) colourbutton[6].setBackground(Color.pink); else if(i==7) colourbutton[7].setBackground(Color.magenta); else if(i==8) colourbutton[8].setBackground(Color.cyan); colourbutton[i].addActionListener(this); } buttonpanel.add(colourbox); buttonpanel.setBounds(0, 0, 70, 210); return buttonpanel; } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { if(selected=="text") { label=new Point(); label=e.getPoint(); draw(); } } @Override public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent arg0) { } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent arg0) { } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if(selected=="line"||selected=="erase"||selected=="text") { start=e.getPoint(); } else if(selected=="elipse"||selected=="rect"||selected=="rrect") { mp = e.getPoint(); } else if(selected=="poly") { x[0]=e.getX(); y[0]=e.getY(); } } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { if(start!=null) { if(selected=="line") { end=e.getPoint(); } else if(selected=="elipse"||selected=="rect"||selected=="rrect") { end.x = Math.max(mp.x,e.getX()); end.y = Math.max(mp.y,e.getY()); } else if(selected=="poly") { x[1]=e.getX(); y[1]=e.getY(); } draw(); } } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { if(end==null) end = new Point(); if(start==null) start = new Point(); if(selected=="line") { end=e.getPoint(); } else if(selected=="erase") { start=e.getPoint(); erase(); } else if(selected=="elipse"||selected=="rect"||selected=="rrect") { start.x = Math.min(mp.x,e.getX()); start.y = Math.min(mp.y,e.getY()); end.x = Math.max(mp.x,e.getX()); end.y = Math.max(mp.y,e.getY()); } else if(selected=="poly") { x[1]=e.getX(); y[1]=e.getY(); } repaint(); } public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent arg0) {} public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { if(e.getSource()==elipse) selected="elipse"; else if(e.getSource()==line) selected="line"; else if(e.getSource()==rectangle) selected="rect"; else if(e.getSource()==erase) { selected="erase"; System.out.println(selected); erase(); } else if(e.getSource()==roundrect) selected="rrect"; else if(e.getSource()==polygon) selected="poly"; else if(e.getSource()==text) selected="text"; if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[0]) color=Color.black; else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[1]) color=Color.white; else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[2]) color=Color.red; else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[3]) color=Color.orange; else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[4]) color=Color.blue; else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[5]) color=Color.green; else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[6]) color=Color.pink; else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[7]) color=Color.magenta; else if(e.getSource()==colourbutton[8]) color=Color.cyan; } @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { System.out.println("pressed"); } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { System.out.println("key released"); } @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { System.out.println("Typed"); } public static void main(String[] a) { new Paper(); } } class Button extends JButton { String name; public Button(String name) { this.name=name; } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); //g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.2f)); if (name == "line") g.drawLine(5,5,30,30); if (name == "elipse") g.drawOval(5,7,25,20); if (name== "rect") g.drawRect(5,5,25,23); if (name== "roundrect") g.drawRoundRect(5,5,25,23,10,10); int a[]=new int[]{20,9,20,23,20}; int b[]=new int[]{9,23,25,20,9}; if (name== "poly") g.drawPolyline(a, b, 5); if (name== "text") g.drawString("Text",5, 22); } }

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Scripting with the Sun ZFS Storage 7000 Appliance

- by Geoff Ongley

The Sun ZFS Storage 7000 appliance has a user friendly and easy to understand graphical web based interface we call the "BUI" or "Browser User Interface".This interface is very useful for many tasks, but in some cases a script (or workflow) may be more appropriate, such as:Repetitive tasksTasks which work on (or obtain information about) a large number of shares or usersTasks which are triggered by an alert threshold (workflows)Tasks where you want a only very basic input, but a consistent output (workflows)The appliance scripting language is based on ECMAscript 3 (close to javascript). I'm not going to cover ECMAscript 3 in great depth (I'm far from an expert here), but I would like to show you some neat things you can do with the appliance, to get you started based on what I have found from my own playing around.I'm making the assumption you have some sort of programming background, and understand variables, arrays, functions to some extent - but of course if something is not clear, please let me know so I can fix it up or clarify it.Variable Declarations and ArraysVariablesECMAScript is a dynamically and weakly typed language. If you don't know what that means, google is your friend - but at a high level it means we can just declare variables with no specific type and on the fly.For example, I can declare a variable and use it straight away in the middle of my code, for example:projects=list();Which makes projects an array of values that are returned from the list(); function (which is usable in most contexts). With this kind of variable, I can do things like:projects.length (this property on array tells you how many objects are in it, good for for loops etc). Alternatively, I could say:projects=3;and now projects is just a simple number.Should we declare variables like this so loosely? In my opinion, the answer is no - I feel it is a better practice to declare variables you are going to use, before you use them - and given them an initial value. You can do so as follows:var myVariable=0;To demonstrate the ability to just randomly assign and change the type of variables, you can create a simple script at the cli as follows (bold for input):fishy10:> script("." to run)> run("cd /");("." to run)> run ("shares");("." to run)> var projects;("." to run)> projects=list();("." to run)> printf("Number of projects is: %d\n",projects.length);("." to run)> projects=152;("." to run)> printf("Value of the projects variable as an integer is now: %d\n",projects);("." to run)> .Number of projects is: 7Value of the projects variable as an integer is now: 152You can also confirm this behaviour by checking the typeof variable we are dealing with:fishy10:> script("." to run)> run("cd /");("." to run)> run ("shares");("." to run)> var projects;("." to run)> projects=list();("." to run)> printf("var projects is of type %s\n",typeof(projects));("." to run)> projects=152;("." to run)> printf("var projects is of type %s\n",typeof(projects));("." to run)> .var projects is of type objectvar projects is of type numberArraysSo you likely noticed that we have already touched on arrays, as the list(); (in the shares context) stored an array into the 'projects' variable.But what if you want to declare your own array? Easy! This is very similar to Java and other languages, we just instantiate a brand new "Array" object using the keyword new:var myArray = new Array();will create an array called "myArray".A quick example:fishy10:> script("." to run)> testArray = new Array();("." to run)> testArray[0]="This";("." to run)> testArray[1]="is";("." to run)> testArray[2]="just";("." to run)> testArray[3]="a";("." to run)> testArray[4]="test";("." to run)> for (i=0; i < testArray.length; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)> printf("Array element %d is %s\n",i,testArray[i]);("." to run)> }("." to run)> .Array element 0 is ThisArray element 1 is isArray element 2 is justArray element 3 is aArray element 4 is testWorking With LoopsFor LoopFor loops are very similar to those you will see in C, java and several other languages. One of the key differences here is, as you were made aware earlier, we can be a bit more sloppy with our variable declarations.The general way you would likely use a for loop is as follows:for (variable; test-case; modifier for variable){}For example, you may wish to declare a variable i as 0; and a MAX_ITERATIONS variable to determine how many times this loop should repeat:var i=0;var MAX_ITERATIONS=10;And then, use this variable to be tested against some case existing (has i reached MAX_ITERATIONS? - if not, increment i using i++);for (i=0; i < MAX_ITERATIONS; i++){ // some work to do}So lets run something like this on the appliance:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var i=0;("." to run)> var MAX_ITERATIONS=10;("." to run)> for (i=0; i < MAX_ITERATIONS; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)> printf("The number is %d\n",i);("." to run)> }("." to run)> .The number is 0The number is 1The number is 2The number is 3The number is 4The number is 5The number is 6The number is 7The number is 8The number is 9While LoopWhile loops again are very similar to other languages, we loop "while" a condition is met. For example:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var isTen=false;("." to run)> var counter=0;("." to run)> while(isTen==false)("." to run)> {("." to run)> if (counter==10) ("." to run)> { ("." to run)> isTen=true; ("." to run)> } ("." to run)> printf("Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)> counter++; ("." to run)> }("." to run)> printf("Loop has ended and Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)> .Counter is 0Counter is 1Counter is 2Counter is 3Counter is 4Counter is 5Counter is 6Counter is 7Counter is 8Counter is 9Counter is 10Loop has ended and Counter is 11So what do we notice here? Something has actually gone wrong - counter will technically be 11 once the loop completes... Why is this?Well, if we have a loop like this, where the 'while' condition that will end the loop may be set based on some other condition(s) existing (such as the counter has reached 10) - we must ensure that we terminate this iteration of the loop when the condition is met - otherwise the rest of the code will be followed which may not be desirable. In other words, like in other languages, we will only ever check the loop condition once we are ready to perform the next iteration, so any other code after we set "isTen" to be true, will still be executed as we can see it was above.We can avoid this by adding a break into our loop once we know we have set the condition - this will stop the rest of the logic being processed in this iteration (and as such, counter will not be incremented). So lets try that again:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var isTen=false;("." to run)> var counter=0;("." to run)> while(isTen==false)("." to run)> {("." to run)> if (counter==10) ("." to run)> { ("." to run)> isTen=true; ("." to run)> break;("." to run)> } ("." to run)> printf("Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)> counter++; ("." to run)> }("." to run)> printf("Loop has ended and Counter is %d\n", counter);("." to run)> .Counter is 0Counter is 1Counter is 2Counter is 3Counter is 4Counter is 5Counter is 6Counter is 7Counter is 8Counter is 9Loop has ended and Counter is 10Much better!Methods to Obtain and Manipulate DataGet MethodThe get method allows you to get simple properties from an object, for example a quota from a user. The syntax is fairly simple:var myVariable=get('property');An example of where you may wish to use this, is when you are getting a bunch of information about a user (such as quota information when in a shares context):var users=list();for(k=0; k < users.length; k++){ user=users[k]; run('select ' + user); var username=get('name'); var usage=get('usage'); var quota=get('quota');...Which you can then use to your advantage - to print or manipulate infomation (you could change a user's information with a set method, based on the information returned from the get method). The set method is explained next.Set MethodThe set method can be used in a simple manner, similar to get. The syntax for set is:set('property','value'); // where value is a string, if it was a number, you don't need quotesFor example, we could set the quota on a share as follows (first observing the initial value):fishy10:shares default/test-geoff> script("." to run)> var currentQuota=get('quota');("." to run)> printf("Current Quota is: %s\n",currentQuota);("." to run)> set('quota','30G');("." to run)> run('commit');("." to run)> currentQuota=get('quota');("." to run)> printf("Current Quota is: %s\n",currentQuota);("." to run)> .Current Quota is: 0Current Quota is: 32212254720This shows us using both the get and set methods as can be used in scripts, of course when only setting an individual share, the above is overkill - it would be much easier to set it manually at the cli using 'set quota=3G' and then 'commit'.List MethodThe list method can be very powerful, especially in more complex scripts which iterate over large amounts of data and manipulate it if so desired. The general way you will use list is as follows:var myVar=list();Which will make "myVar" an array, containing all the objects in the relevant context (this could be a list of users, shares, projects, etc). You can then gather or manipulate data very easily.We could list all the shares and mountpoints in a given project for example:fishy10:shares another-project> script("." to run)> var shares=list();("." to run)> for (i=0; i < shares.length; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)> run('select ' + shares[i]);("." to run)> var mountpoint=get('mountpoint');("." to run)> printf("Share %s discovered, has mountpoint %s\n",shares[i],mountpoint);("." to run)> run('done');("." to run)> }("." to run)> .Share and-another discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/and-anotherShare another-share discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/another-shareShare bob discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-projectShare more-shares-for-all discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/more-shares-for-allShare yep discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/yepWriting More Complex and Re-Usable CodeFunctionsThe best way to be able to write more complex code is to use functions to split up repeatable or reusable sections of your code. This also makes your more complex code easier to read and understand for other programmers.We write functions as follows:function functionName(variable1,variable2,...,variableN){}For example, we could have a function that takes a project name as input, and lists shares for that project (assuming we're already in the 'project' context - context is important!):function getShares(proj){ run('select ' + proj); shares=list(); printf("Project: %s\n", proj); for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++) { printf("Discovered share: %s\n",shares[i]); } run('done'); // exit selected project}Commenting your CodeLike any other language, a large part of making it readable and understandable is to comment it. You can use the same comment style as in C and Java amongst other languages.In other words, sngle line comments use://at the beginning of the comment.Multi line comments use:/*at the beginning, and:*/ at the end.For example, here we will use both:fishy10:> script("." to run)> // This is a test comment("." to run)> printf("doing some work...\n");("." to run)> /* This is a multi-line("." to run)> comment which I will span across("." to run)> three lines in total */("." to run)> printf("doing some more work...\n");("." to run)> .doing some work...doing some more work...Your comments do not have to be on their own, they can begin (particularly with single line comments this is handy) at the end of a statement, for examplevar projects=list(); // The variable projects is an array containing all projects on the system.Try and Catch StatementsYou may be used to using try and catch statements in other languages, and they can (and should) be utilised in your code to catch expected or unexpected error conditions, that you do NOT wish to stop your code from executing (if you do not catch these errors, your script will exit!):try{ // do some work}catch(err) // Catch any error that could occur{ // do something here under the error condition}For example, you may wish to only execute some code if a context can be reached. If you can't perform certain actions under certain circumstances, that may be perfectly acceptable.For example if you want to test a condition that only makes sense when looking at a SMB/NFS share, but does not make sense when you hit an iscsi or FC LUN, you don't want to stop all processing of other shares you may not have covered yet.For example we may wish to obtain quota information on all shares for all users on a share (but this makes no sense for a LUN):function getShareQuota(shar) // Get quota for each user of this share{ run('select ' + shar); printf(" SHARE: %s\n", shar); try { run('users'); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)"); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","----"); users=list(); for(k=0; k < users.length; k++) { user=users[k]; getUserQuota(user); } run('done'); // exit user context } catch(err) { printf(" SKIPPING %s - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users\n", shar); } run('done'); // done with this share}Running Scripts Remotely over SSHAs you have likely noticed, writing and running scripts for all but the simplest jobs directly on the appliance is not going to be a lot of fun.There's a couple of choices on what you can do here:Create scripts on a remote system and run them over sshCreate scripts, wrapping them in workflow code, so they are stored on the appliance and can be triggered under certain circumstances (like a threshold being reached)We'll cover the first one here, and then cover workflows later on (as these are for the most part just scripts with some wrapper information around them).Creating a SSH Public/Private SSH Key PairLog on to your handy Solaris box (You wouldn't be using any other OS, right? :P) and use ssh-keygen to create a pair of ssh keys. I'm storing this separate to my normal key:[geoff@lightning ~] ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 1024Generating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/geoff/.ssh/id_rsa): /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsaEnter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:7f:3d:53:f0:2a:5e:8b:2d:94:2a:55:77:66:5c:9b:14 geoff@lightningInstalling the Public Key on the ApplianceOn your Solaris host, observe the public key:[geoff@lightning ~] cat .ssh/nas_key_rsa.pub ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc= geoff@lightningNow, copy and paste everything after "ssh-rsa" and before "user@hostname" - in this case, geoff@lightning. That is, this bit:AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc=Logon to your appliance and get into the preferences -> keys area for this user (root):[geoff@lightning ~] ssh [email protected]: Last login: Mon Dec 6 17:13:28 2010 from 192.168.0.2fishy10:> configuration usersfishy10:configuration users> select rootfishy10:configuration users root> preferences fishy10:configuration users root preferences> keysOR do it all in one hit:fishy10:> configuration users select root preferences keysNow, we create a new public key that will be accepted for this user and set the type to RSA:fishy10:configuration users root preferences keys> createfishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set type=RSASet the key itself using the string copied previously (between ssh-rsa and user@host), and set the key ensuring you put double quotes around it (eg. set key="<key>"):fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set key="AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc="Now set the comment for this key (do not use spaces):fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set comment="LightningRSAKey" Commit the new key:fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> commitVerify the key is there:fishy10:configuration users root preferences keys> lsKeys:NAME MODIFIED TYPE COMMENT key-000 2010-10-25 20:56:42 RSA cycloneRSAKey key-001 2010-12-6 17:44:53 RSA LightningRSAKey As you can see, we now have my new key, and a previous key I have created on this appliance.Running your Script over SSH from a Remote SystemHere I have created a basic test script, and saved it as test.ecma3:[geoff@lightning ~] cat test.ecma3 script// This is a test script, By Geoff Ongley 2010.printf("Testing script remotely over ssh\n");.Now, we can run this script remotely with our keyless login:[geoff@lightning ~] ssh -i .ssh/nas_key_rsa root@fishy10 < test.ecma3Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.Testing script remotely over sshPutting it Together - An Example Completed Quota Gathering ScriptSo now we have a lot of the basics to creating a script, let us do something useful, like, find out how much every user is using, on every share on the system (you will recognise some of the code from my previous examples): script/************************************** Quick and Dirty Quota Check script ** Written By Geoff Ongley ** 25 October 2010 **************************************/function getUserQuota(usr){ run('select ' + usr); var username=get('name'); var usage=get('usage'); var quota=get('quota'); var usage_g=usage / 1073741824; // convert bytes to gigabytes var quota_g=quota / 1073741824; // as above var quota_percent=0 if (quota > 0) { quota_percent=(usage / quota)*(100/1); } printf(" %20s %8.2f %8.2f %d%%\n",username,usage_g,quota_g,quota_percent); run('done'); // done with this selected user}function getShareQuota(shar){ //printf("DEBUG: selecting share %s\n", shar); run('select ' + shar); printf(" SHARE: %s\n", shar); try { run('users'); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)"); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","--------"); users=list(); for(k=0; k < users.length; k++) { user=users[k]; getUserQuota(user); } run('done'); // exit user context } catch(err) { printf(" SKIPPING %s - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users\n", shar); } run('done'); // done with this share}function getShares(proj){ //printf("DEBUG: selecting project %s\n",proj); run('select ' + proj); shares=list(); printf("Project: %s\n", proj); for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++) { share=shares[j]; getShareQuota(share); } run('done'); // exit selected project}function getProjects(){ run('cd /'); run('shares'); projects=list(); for (i=0; i < projects.length; i++) { var project=projects[i]; getShares(project); } run('done'); // exit context for all projects}getProjects();.Which can be run as follows, and will print information like this:[geoff@lightning ~/FISHWORKS_SCRIPTS] ssh -i ~/.ssh/nas_key_rsa root@fishy10 < get_quota_utilisation.ecma3Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.Project: another-project SHARE: and-another Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- nobody 0.00 0.00 0% geoffro 0.05 0.00 0% Billy 0.10 0.00 0% root 0.00 0.00 0% testing-user 0.05 0.00 0% SHARE: another-share Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- root 0.00 0.00 0% nobody 0.00 0.00 0% geoffro 0.05 0.49 9% testing-user 0.05 0.02 249% Billy 0.10 0.29 33% SHARE: bob Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- nobody 0.00 0.00 0% root 0.00 0.00 0% SHARE: more-shares-for-all Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- Billy 0.10 0.00 0% testing-user 0.05 0.00 0% nobody 0.00 0.00 0% root 0.00 0.00 0% geoffro 0.05 0.00 0% SHARE: yep Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- root 0.00 0.00 0% nobody 0.00 0.00 0% Billy 0.10 0.01 999% testing-user 0.05 0.49 9% geoffro 0.05 0.00 0%Project: default SHARE: Test-LUN SKIPPING Test-LUN - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users SHARE: test-geoff Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- geoffro 0.05 0.00 0% root 3.18 10.00 31% uucp 0.00 0.00 0% nobody 0.59 0.49 119%^CKilled by signal 2.Creating a WorkflowWorkflows are scripts that we store on the appliance, and can have the script execute either on request (even from the BUI), or on an event such as a threshold being met.Workflow BasicsA workflow allows you to create a simple process that can be executed either via the BUI interface interactively, or by an alert being raised (for some threshold being reached, for example).The basics parameters you will have to set for your "workflow object" (notice you're creating a variable, that embodies ECMAScript) are as follows (parameters is optional):name: A name for this workflowdescription: A Description for the workflowparameters: A set of input parameters (useful when you need user input to execute the workflow)execute: The code, the script itself to execute, which will be function (parameters)With parameters, you can specify things like this (slightly modified sample taken from the System Administration Guide): ...parameters: variableParam1: { label: 'Name of Share', type: 'String' }, variableParam2 { label: 'Share Size', type: 'size' },execute: ....}; Note the commas separating the sections of name, parameters, execute, and so on. This is important!Also - there is plenty of properties you can set on the parameters for your workflow, these are described in the Sun ZFS Storage System Administration Guide.Creating a Basic Workflow from a Basic ScriptTo make a basic script into a basic workflow, you need to wrap the following around your script to create a 'workflow' object:var workflow = {name: 'Get User Quotas',description: 'Displays Quota Utilisation for each user on each share',execute: function() {// (basic script goes here, minus the "script" at the beginning, and "." at the end)}};However, it appears (at least in my experience to date) that the workflow object may only be happy with one function in the execute parameter - either that or I'm doing something wrong. As far as I can tell, after execute: you should only have a basic one function context like so:execute: function(){}To deal with this, and to give an example similar to our script earlier, I have created another simple quota check, to show the same basic functionality, but in a workflow format:var workflow = {name: 'Get User Quotas',description: 'Displays Quota Utilisation for each user on each share',execute: function () { run('cd /'); run('shares'); projects=list(); for (i=0; i < projects.length; i++) { run('select ' + projects[i]); shares=list('filesystem'); printf("Project: %s\n", projects[i]); for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++) { run('select ' +shares[j]); try { run('users'); printf(" SHARE: %s\n", shares[j]); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)"); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","-------"); users=list(); for(k=0; k < users.length; k++) { run('select ' + users[k]); username=get('name'); usage=get('usage'); quota=get('quota'); usage_g=usage / 1073741824; // convert bytes to gigabytes quota_g=quota / 1073741824; // as above quota_percent=0 if (quota > 0) { quota_percent=(usage / quota)*(100/1); } printf(" %20s %8.2f %8.2f %d%%\n",username,usage_g,quota_g,quota_percent); run('done'); } run('done'); // exit user context } catch(err) { // printf(" %s is a LUN, Not looking for users\n", shares[j]); } run('done'); // exit selected share context } run('done'); // exit project context } }};SummaryThe Sun ZFS Storage 7000 Appliance offers lots of different and interesting features to Sun/Oracle customers, including the world renowned Analytics. Hopefully the above will help you to think of new creative things you could be doing by taking advantage of one of the other neat features, the internal scripting engine!Some references are below to help you continue learning more, I'll update this post as I do the same! Enjoy...More information on ECMAScript 3A complete reference to ECMAScript 3 which will help you learn more of the details you may be interested in, can be found here:http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%203rd%20edition,%20December%201999.pdfMore Information on Administering the Sun ZFS Storage 7000The Sun ZFS Storage 7000 System Administration guide can be a useful reference point, and can be found here:http://wikis.sun.com/download/attachments/186238602/2010_Q3_2_ADMIN.pdf

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