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• Why Are Minimized Programs Often Slow to Open Again?

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  It seems particularly counterintuitive: you minimize an application because you plan on returning to it later and wish to skip shutting the application down and restarting it later, but sometimes maximizing it takes even longer than launching it fresh. What gives? Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. The Question SuperUser reader Bart wants to know why he’s not saving any time with application minimization: I’m working in Photoshop CS6 and multiple browsers a lot. I’m not using them all at once, so sometimes some applications are minimized to taskbar for hours or days. The problem is, when I try to maximize them from the taskbar – it sometimes takes longer than starting them! Especially Photoshop feels really weird for many seconds after finally showing up, it’s slow, unresponsive and even sometimes totally freezes for minute or two. It’s not a hardware problem as it’s been like that since always on all on my PCs. Would I also notice it after upgrading my HDD to SDD and adding RAM (my main PC holds 4 GB currently)? Could guys with powerful pcs / macs tell me – does it also happen to you? I guess OSes somehow “focus” on active software and move all the resources away from the ones that run, but are not used. Is it possible to somehow set RAM / CPU / HDD priorities or something, for let’s say, Photoshop, so it won’t slow down after long period of inactivity? So what is the deal? Why does he find himself waiting to maximize a minimized app? The Answer SuperUser contributor Allquixotic explains why: Summary The immediate problem is that the programs that you have minimized are being paged out to the “page file” on your hard disk. This symptom can be improved by installing a Solid State Disk (SSD), adding more RAM to your system, reducing the number of programs you have open, or upgrading to a newer system architecture (for instance, Ivy Bridge or Haswell). Out of these options, adding more RAM is generally the most effective solution. Explanation The default behavior of Windows is to give active applications priority over inactive applications for having a spot in RAM. When there’s significant memory pressure (meaning the system doesn’t have a lot of free RAM if it were to let every program have all the RAM it wants), it starts putting minimized programs into the page file, which means it writes out their contents from RAM to disk, and then makes that area of RAM free. That free RAM helps programs you’re actively using — say, your web browser — run faster, because if they need to claim a new segment of RAM (like when you open a new tab), they can do so. This “free” RAM is also used as page cache, which means that when active programs attempt to read data on your hard disk, that data might be cached in RAM, which prevents your hard disk from being accessed to get that data. By using the majority of your RAM for page cache, and swapping out unused programs to disk, Windows is trying to improve responsiveness of the program(s) you are actively using, by making RAM available to them, and caching the files they access in RAM instead of the hard disk. The downside of this behavior is that minimized programs can take a while to have their contents copied from the page file, on disk, back into RAM. The time increases the larger the program’s footprint in memory. This is why you experience that delay when maximizing Photoshop. RAM is many times faster than a hard disk (depending on the specific hardware, it can be up to several orders of magnitude). An SSD is considerably faster than a hard disk, but it is still slower than RAM by orders of magnitude. Having your page file on an SSD will help, but it will also wear out the SSD more quickly than usual if your page file is heavily utilized due to RAM pressure. Remedies Here is an explanation of the available remedies, and their general effectiveness: Installing more RAM: This is the recommended path. If your system does not support more RAM than you already have installed, you will need to upgrade more of your system: possibly your motherboard, CPU, chassis, power supply, etc. depending on how old it is. If it’s a laptop, chances are you’ll have to buy an entire new laptop that supports more installed RAM. When you install more RAM, you reduce memory pressure, which reduces use of the page file, which is a good thing all around. You also make available more RAM for page cache, which will make all programs that access the hard disk run faster. As of Q4 2013, my personal recommendation is that you have at least 8 GB of RAM for a desktop or laptop whose purpose is anything more complex than web browsing and email. That means photo editing, video editing/viewing, playing computer games, audio editing or recording, programming / development, etc. all should have at least 8 GB of RAM, if not more. Run fewer programs at a time: This will only work if the programs you are running do not use a lot of memory on their own. Unfortunately, Adobe Creative Suite products such as Photoshop CS6 are known for using an enormous amount of memory. This also limits your multitasking ability. It’s a temporary, free remedy, but it can be an inconvenience to close down your web browser or Word every time you start Photoshop, for instance. This also wouldn’t stop Photoshop from being swapped when minimizing it, so it really isn’t a very effective solution. It only helps in some specific situations. Install an SSD: If your page file is on an SSD, the SSD’s improved speed compared to a hard disk will result in generally improved performance when the page file has to be read from or written to. Be aware that SSDs are not designed to withstand a very frequent and constant random stream of writes; they can only be written over a limited number of times before they start to break down. Heavy use of a page file is not a particularly good workload for an SSD. You should install an SSD in combination with a large amount of RAM if you want maximum performance while preserving the longevity of the SSD. Use a newer system architecture: Depending on the age of your system, you may be using an out of date system architecture. The “system architecture” is generally defined as the “generation” (think generations like children, parents, grandparents, etc.) of the motherboard and CPU. Newer generations generally support faster I/O (input/output), better memory bandwidth, lower latency, and less contention over shared resources, instead providing dedicated links between components. For example, starting with the “Nehalem” generation (around 2009), the Front-Side Bus (FSB) was eliminated, which removed a common bottleneck, because almost all system components had to share the same FSB for transmitting data. This was replaced with a “point to point” architecture, meaning that each component gets its own dedicated “lane” to the CPU, which continues to be improved every few years with new generations. You will generally see a more significant improvement in overall system performance depending on the “gap” between your computer’s architecture and the latest one available. For example, a Pentium 4 architecture from 2004 is going to see a much more significant improvement upgrading to “Haswell” (the latest as of Q4 2013) than a “Sandy Bridge” architecture from ~2010. Links Related questions: How to reduce disk thrashing (paging)? Windows Swap (Page File): Enable or Disable? Also, just in case you’re considering it, you really shouldn’t disable the page file, as this will only make matters worse; see here. And, in case you needed extra convincing to leave the Windows Page File alone, see here and here. Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.     

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• OK - What now? How do we become a Social Business?

  - by Michael Snow

  We hope that those of you that attended yesterday's Webcast with Brian Solis enjoyed Brian's discussion with Christian Finn for our last Webcast of the season for the Oracle Social Business Thought Leaders Series.  For those of you that may have missed the webcast or were stuck at a company holiday party - you'll be glad to hear that the webcast will be available On-Demand starting later today (12/14/12). And any of you who'd like to listen to a quick but informative podcast with Brian - can listen to that here. Some of you may still be left with questions about how to get from point A to point B and even more confused than when you started thinking about this new world of Digital Darwinism. The post below, grabbed from an abundance of great thought leadership prose on Brian's blog may help you frame the path you need to start walking sooner versus later to stay off of the endangered species list.  As you explore your path forward, please keep Oracle in mind - we do offer a wide range of solutions to help your organization 12.00 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} optimize the engagement for your customers, employees and partners. The Path from a Social Brand to a Social Business Brian Solis Originally posted May 2, 2012 I’ve been a long-time supporter of MediaTemple’s (MT)Residence program along with Gary Vaynerchuk, Neil Patel, and many others whom I respect. I wanted to share my “7 questions to answer to become a social business” with you here.. Social Media is pervasive and is becoming the new normal in corporate marketing. Brands who get this right are starting to build their own media networks rich with customer connections numbering in the millions. Right now, Coca-Cola has over 34 million fans on Facebook, but they’re hardly alone. Disney follows just behind with 29 million fans, Starbucks boasts 25 million, and Oreo, Red Bull, and Converse play host to over 20 million fans. If we were to look at other networks such as Twitter and Youtube, we would see a recurring theme. People are connecting en masse with the businesses they support and new media represents the ability to cultivate consumer relationships in ways not possible with traditional earned or paid media. Sounds great right? This might sound abrupt, but the truth is that we’re hardly realizing the potential of what lies before us. Everything begins with understanding not just how other brands are marketing themselves in social media, but also seeing what they’re not doing and envisioning what’s possible. We’re already approaching the first of many crossroads that new media will present. Do we take the path of a social brand or that of a social business? What’s the difference? A social brand is just that, a business that is remodeling or retrofitting its existing marketing practices to new media. A social business is something altogether different as it embraces introspection and extrospection to reevaluate internal and external processes, systems, and opportunities to transform into a living, breathing entity that adapts to market conditions and opportunities. It’s a tough decision to make right now especially at a time when all we read about is how much success many businesses are finding without having to answer this very question. With all of the newfound success in social networks, the truth is that we’re only just beginning to learn what’s possible and that’s where you come in. When compared to the investment in time and resources across the board, social media represents only a small part of the mix. But with your help, that’s all about to change. The CMO Survey, an organization that disseminates the opinions of top marketers in order to predict the future of markets, recently published a report that gave credence to the fact that social media is taking off. One of the most profound takeaways from the report was this gem; “The “like button” [in Facebook] packs more customer-acquisition punch than other demand-generating activities.” With insights like this, it’s easy to see why the race to social is becoming heated. The report also highlighted exactly where social fits in the marketing mix today and as you can see, despite all of the hype, it’s not a dominant focus yet. As of August 2011, the percentage of overall marketing budgets dedicated to social media hovered at around 7%. However, in 2012 the investment in social media will climb to 10%. And, in five years, social media is expected to represent almost 18% of the total marketing budget. Think about that for a moment. In 2016, social media will only represent 18%? Queue the sound of a record scratching here. With businesses finding success in social networks, why are businesses failing to realize the true opportunity brought forth by the ability to listen to, connect with, and engage with customers? While there’s value in earning views, driving traffic, and building connections through the 3F’s (friends, fans and followers), success isn’t just defined simply by what really amounts to low-hanging fruit. The truth is that businesses cannot measure what it is they don’t know to value. As a result, innovation in new engagement initiatives is stifled because we’re applying dated or inflexible frameworks to new paradigms. Social media isn’t owned by marketing, but instead the entire organization. This changes everything and makes your role so much more important. It’s up to you to learn how to think outside of the proverbial social media box to see what others don’t, the ability to improve customers experiences through the evolution of a social brand into a social business. Doing so will translate customer insights from what they do and don’t share in social networks into better products, services, and processes. See, customers want something more from their favorite businesses than creative campaigns, viral content, and everyday dialogue in social networks. Customers want to be heard and they want to know that you’re listening. How businesses use social media must remind them that they’re more than just an audience, consumer, or a conduit to “trigger” a desired social effect. Herein lies both the challenge and opportunity of social media. It’s bigger than marketing. It’s also bigger than customer service. It’s about building relationships with customers that improve experiences and more importantly, teaches businesses how to re-imagine products and internal processes to better adapt to potential crises and seize new opportunities. When it comes down to it, Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, Foursquare, are all channels for listening, learning, and engaging. It’s what you do within each channel that builds a community around your brand. And, at the end of the day, the value of the community you build counts for everything. It’s important to understand that we cannot assume that these networks simply exist for people to lineup for our marketing messages or promotional campaigns. Nor can we assume that they’re reeling in anticipation for simple dialogue. They want value. They want recognition. They want access to exclusive information and offers. They need direction, answers and resolution. What we’re talking about here is the multidimensional makeup of consumers and how a one-sided approach to social media forces the needs for social media to expand beyond traditional marketing to socialize the various departments, lines of business, and functions to engage based on the nature of the situation or opportunity. In the same CMO study, it was revealed that marketers believe that social media has a long way to go toward integrating into the overall company strategy. On a scale of 1-7, with one being “not integrated at all” and seven being “very integrated,” 22% chose “one.” Critical functions such as service, HR, sales, R&D, product marketing and development, IR, CSR, etc. are either not engaged or are operating social media within a silo disconnected from other efforts or possibilities. The problem is that customers don’t view a company by silo, instead they see one company, one brand, and their experience in social media forms an impression that eventually contributes to their view of your brand. The first step here is to understand business priorities and objectives to assess how social media can be additive in achieving these goals. Additionally, surveying the landscape to determine other areas of interest as its specifically related to your business. • Are customers seeking help or direction? • Who are your most valuable customers and what are they sharing? • How can you use social media to acquire and retain customers? - What ideas are circulating and how can you harness user generated activity and content to innovate or adapt to better meet the needs of customers? - How can you broaden a single customer view to recognize the varying needs of customers and how your organization can organize around each circumstance? - What insights exist based on how consumers are interacting with one another? How can this intelligence inform marketing, service, products and other important business initiatives? - How can your business extend their current efforts to deliver better customer experiences and in turn more effectively unit internal collaboration and communication? Customer demands far exceed the capabilities of the marketing department. While creating a social brand is a necessary endeavor, building a social business is an investment in customer relevance now and over time. Beyond relevance, a social business fosters a culture of change that unites employees and customers and sets a foundation for meaningful and beneficial relationships. Innovation, communication, and creativity are the natural byproducts of engagement and transformation. As a social brand, we are competing for the moment. As a social business, we are competing the future in all that we do today.

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Wednesday, October 30, 2013

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Wednesday, October 30, 2013Popular ReleasesSuperSocket, an extensible socket server framework: SuperSocket 1.6 stable: Changes included in this release: Process level isolation SuperSocket ServerManager (include server and client) Connect to client from server side initiatively Client certificate validation New configuration attributes "textEncoding", "defaultCulture", and "storeLocation" (certificate node) Many bug fixes http://docs.supersocket.net/v1-6/en-US/New-Features-and-Breaking-ChangesBarbaTunnel: BarbaTunnel 8.1: Check Version History for more information about this release.Community Forums NNTP bridge: Community Forums NNTP Bridge V53 (LiveConnect): This is the first release which can be used with the new LiveConnect authentication. Small bugfix: The article URL is now at the end of the article...Mugen MVVM Toolkit: Mugen MVVM Toolkit 2.1: v 2.1 Added the 'Should' class instead of the 'Validate' class. The 'Validate' class is now obsolete. Added 'Toolkit.Annotations' to support the Mugen MVVM Toolkit ReSharper plugin. Updated JetBrains annotations within the project. Added the 'GlobalSettings.DefaultActivationPolicy' property to represent the default activation policy. Removed the 'GetSettings' method from the 'ViewModelBase' class. Instead of it, the 'GlobalSettings.DefaultViewModelSettings' property is used. Updated...NAudio: NAudio 1.7: full release notes available at http://mark-dot-net.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/naudio-17-release-notes.htmlHandJS: Hand.js v1.1.3: New configuration: HANDJS.doNotProcessCSS to disable CSS scanning.Layered Architecture Solution Guidance (LASG): LASG 1.0.1.0 for Visual Studio 2012: PRE-REQUISITES Open GAX (Please install Oct 4, 2012 version) Microsoft® System CLR Types for Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012 Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012 Shared Management Objects Microsoft Enterprise Library 6.0 (for the generated code) Windows Azure SDK (for layered cloud applications) Silverlight 5 SDK (for Silverlight applications) THE RELEASE This release only works on Visual Studio 2012. Known Issue If you choose the Database project, the solution unfolding time will be slow....DirectX Tool Kit: October 2013: October 28, 2013 Updated for Visual Studio 2013 and Windows 8.1 SDK RTM Added DGSLEffect, DGSLEffectFactory, VertexPositionNormalTangentColorTexture, and VertexPositionNormalTangentColorTextureSkinning Model loading and effect factories support loading skinned models MakeSpriteFont now has a smooth vs. sharp antialiasing option: /sharp Model loading from CMOs now handles UV transforms for texture coordinates A number of small fixes for EffectFactory Minor code and project cleanup ...WPF Extended DataGrid: WPF Extended DataGrid 2.0.0.8 binaries: Fixed issue with auto filter select all checkbox was getting checked automatically after reopening the filter.ExtJS based ASP.NET Controls: FineUI v4.0beta1: +2013-10-28 v4.0 beta1 +?????Collapsed???????????????。 -????：window/group_panel.aspx??，???????，???????，?????????。 +??????SelectedNodeIDArray???????????????。 -????：tree/checkbox/tree_checkall.aspx??，?????，?????，????????????。 -??TimerPicker???????（????、????ing）。 -??????????????????????（???）。 -?????????????，??type=text/css（??~`）。 -MsgTarget???MessageTarget，???None。 -FormOffsetRight?????20px??5px。 -?Web.config?PageManager??FormLabelAlign???。 -ToolbarPosition??Left/Right。 -??Web.conf...CODE Framework: 4.0.31028.0: See change notes in the documentation section for details on what's new. Note: If you download the class reference help file with, you have to right-click the file, pick "Properties", and then unblock the file, as many browsers flag the file as blocked during download (for security reasons) and thus hides all content.VidCoder: 1.5.10 Beta: Broke out all the encoder-specific passthrough options into their own dropdown. This should make what they do a bit more clear and clean up the codec list a bit. Updated HandBrake core to SVN 5855.Indent Guides for Visual Studio: Indent Guides v14: ImportantThis release has a separate download for Visual Studio 2010. The first link is for VS 2012 and later. Version History Changed in v14 Improved performance when scrolling and editing Fixed potential crash when Resharper is installed Fixed highlight of guides split around pragmas in C++/C# Restored VS 2010 support as a separate download Changed in v13 Added page width guide lines Added guide highlighting options Fixed guides appearing over collapsed blocks Fixed guides not...ASP.net MVC Awesome - jQuery Ajax Helpers: 3.5.3 (mvc5): version 3.5.3 - support for mvc5 version 3.5.2 - fix for setting single value to multivalue controls - datepicker min max date offset fix - html encoding for keys fix - enable Column.ClientFormatFunc to be a function call that will return a function version 3.5.1 ========================== - fixed html attributes rendering - fixed loading animation rendering - css improvements version 3.5 ========================== - autosize for all popups ( can be turned off by calling in js...Media Companion: Media Companion MC3.585b: IMDB plot scraping Fixed. New* Movie - Rename Folder using Movie Set, option to move ignored articles to end of Movie Set, only for folder renaming. Fixed* Media Companion - Fixed if using profiles, config files would blown up in size due to some settings duplicating. * Ignore Article of An was cutting of last character of movie title. * If Rescraping title, sort title changed depending on 'Move article to end of Sort Title' setting. * Movie - If changing Poster source order, list would beco...MoreTerra (Terraria World Viewer): MoreTerra 1.11.4: Release 1.11.4 =========== = Compatibility = =========== Updated to add the new tiles/walls in 1.2.1PowerShell App Deployment Toolkit: PowerShell App Deployment Toolkit v3.0.7: This is a bug fix release, containing some important fixes! Fixed issue where Session 0 was not detected correctly, resulting in issues when attempting to display a UI when none was allowed Fixed Installation Prompt and Installation Restart Prompt appearing when deploy mode was non-interactive or silent Fixed issue where defer prompt is displayed after force closing multiple applications Fixed issue executing blocked app execution dialog from UNC path (executed instead from local tempo...BlackJumboDog: Ver5.9.7: 2013.10.24 Ver5.9.7 (1)FTP???????、２?????????????shift-jis????????????? (2)????HTTP????、???????POST??????????????????CtrlAltStudio Viewer: CtrlAltStudio Viewer 1.1.0.34322 Alpha 4: This experimental release of the CtrlAltStudio Viewer includes the following significant features: Oculus Rift support. Stereoscopic 3D display support. Based on Firestorm viewer 4.4.2 codebase. For more details, see the release notes linked to below. Release notes: http://ctrlaltstudio.com/viewer/release-notes/1-1-0-34322-alpha-4 Support info: http://ctrlaltstudio.com/viewer/support Privacy policy: http://ctrlaltstudio.com/viewer/privacy Disclaimer: This software is not provided or sup...VsTortoise - a TortoiseSVN add-in for Microsoft Visual Studio: VsTortoise Build 32 Beta: Note: This release does not work with custom VsTortoise toolbars. These get removed every time when you shutdown Visual Studio. (#7940) This release has been tested with Visual Studio 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2013, using TortoiseSVN 1.6, 1.7 and 1.8. It should also still work with Visual Studio 2005, but I couldn't find anyone to test it in VS2005. Build 32 (beta) changelogNew: Added Visual Studio 2013 support New: Added Visual Studio 2012 support New: Added SVN 1.8 support New: Added 'Ch...New Projects.NET Bio Structure: .NET Bio Structure is an extension of .NET Bio, an open source library of common bioinformatics functions..NET Micro Framework Tiny File System: Tiny File System provides a lightweight file system that can be overlaid on external memory peripherals such as Flash memory or anything you write a driver for.AccOct2013 Liquidaciones MVC3 EF: Proyecto en MVC3 con Razor y Entity Framework para la liquidacion de sueldos.AccOct2013 Tienda MVC3 EF: Ejemplo entity framework con layouts en mvc3 con razor para visual studio 2010AsterNET-Project Templates: A project to help create a set of Visual Studio templates, published via the Visual Studio Gallery to help developers get started even quicker using AsterNET.Clothing: Clothing ERP.ePub Factory PCL: Generates ePub packages (i.e. eBooks).eztvReader: Simple desktop application to read latest RSS torrent feed with magnet links.Formula Calculation Toolkit: Simple calculator for formulas.Gadgeteer.Interfaces.Samples: Project with sample projects for the Gadgeteer. Attempt at creating composable and testable samples, for this a dependency on GadgeteerInterface.codeplex.comGerente EBD: Projeto em WPF e SQLite para controle de frequência na Escola Bíblica Dominical.Google Contacts: With this project you can get your google contacts. Remember you need Application-specific password from here: https://support.google.com/mail/answer/1173270?hINdT j2me Framework: This project is a lightweight Framework for Nokia s40 and Asha platform. Here you'll find a lot of classes that will help you and turn your life more easy ;-)KDG's Simple Messaging App (C#): Simple messaging application.LegendsNeverDie: ITs a Projekt who can every join and help me, but the first step i make it alone :DLibros VBOnline: Libreria Online para clientesMapAround: .NET tools for developing web and desktop mapping applicationsMSSQL Compressed Backup: SQL Server Compressed Backup is a command line utility for backing up and restoring SQL Server 2005+ with compression(zip,bzip2,gzip,lz4) and encryption(AES).netext: Debugger Extension (WinDbg) to enaeble SQL-like queries for .NET managed heapPagina Ajedrez: Pagina diseñada para el juego de partidas y torneos de Ajedrez.Pescar2013Shop-MarianaMatias: Pagina estilo Garbarinoplungerjs: Framework javascript não obstrusivoProMotion: Mirror for https://github.com/clearsightstudio/ProMotion.ProyectoImagenes: Jugar con imagenesRawb: High performance, simple, composable web UI controls (grid, scrollbar, splitters, etc.) for use with Knockout.Sea Dragon AJAX Viewer Web Part: This project provides a SharePoint 2010 Web Part that allows you to surface a Deep Zoom image anywhere within a SharePoint Site Collection.SimpleMapper: Maps objects in Dot Net: A mapper tool developed in C# that helps mapping object of same type and different. Also maps Proxy objects to POCO classes.Sparta Game Framework: Sparta is a framework with a focus on game development on Windows Phone. Currently we're supporting 2D games.????????: ????????

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• Mouse Clicks, Reactive Extensions and StreamInsight Mashup

  I had an hour spare this afternoon so I wanted to have another play with Reactive Extensions in .Net and StreamInsight.  I also didn’t want to simply use a console window as a way of gathering events so I decided to use a windows form instead. The task I set myself was this. Whenever I click on my form I want to subscribe to the event and output its location to the console window and also the timestamp of the event.  In addition to this I want to know for every mouse click I do, how many mouse clicks have happened in the last 5 seconds. The second point here is really interesting.  I have often found this when working with people on problems.  It is how you ask the question that determines how you tackle the problem.  I will show 2 ways of possibly answering the second question depending on how the question was interpreted. As a side effect of this example I will show how time in StreamInsight can stand still.  This is an important concept and we can see it in the output later. Now to the code.  I will break it all down in this blogpost but you can download the solution and see it all together. I created a Console application and then instantiate a windows form.   frm = new Form(); Thread g = new Thread(CallUI); g.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA); g.Start();   Call UI looks like this   static void CallUI() { System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(frm); frm.Activate(); frm.BringToFront(); }   Now what we need to do is create an observable from the MouseClick event on the form.  For this we use the Reactive Extensions.   var lblevt = Observable.FromEvent<MouseEventArgs>(frm, "MouseClick").Timestamp();   As mentioned earlier I have two objectives in this example and to solve the first I am going to again use the Reactive extensions.  Let’s subscribe to the MouseClick event and output the location and timestamp to the console. lblevt.Subscribe(evt => { Console.WriteLine("Clicked: {0}, {1} ", evt.Value.EventArgs.Location,evt.Timestamp); }); That should take care of obective #1 but what about the second objective.  For that we need some temporal windowing and this means StreamInsight.  First we need to turn our Observable collection of MouseClick events into a PointStream Server s = Server.Create("Default"); Microsoft.ComplexEventProcessing.Application a = s.CreateApplication("MouseClicks"); var input = lblevt.ToPointStream( a, evt => PointEvent.CreateInsert( evt.Timestamp, new { loc = evt.Value.EventArgs.Location.ToString(), ts = evt.Timestamp.ToLocalTime().ToString() }), AdvanceTimeSettings.IncreasingStartTime);   Now that we have created out PointStream we need to do something with it and this is where we get to our second objective.  It is pretty clear that we want some kind of windowing but what? Here is one way of doing it.  It might not be what you wanted but again it is how the second objective is interpreted   var q = from i in input.TumblingWindow(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), HoppingWindowOutputPolicy.ClipToWindowEnd) select new { CountOfClicks = i.Count() };   The above code creates tumbling windows of 5 seconds and counts the number of events in the windows.  If there are no events in the window then no result is output.  Likewise until an event (MouseClick) is issued then we do not see anything in the output (that is not strictly true because it is the CTI strapped to our MouseClick events that flush the events through the StreamInsight engine not the events themselves).  This approach is centred around the windows and not the events.  Until the windows complete and a CTI is issued then no events are pushed through. An alternate way of answering our second question is below   var q = from i in input.AlterEventDuration(evt => TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)).SnapshotWindow(SnapshotWindowOutputPolicy.Clip) select new { CountOfClicks = i.Count() };   In this code we extend the duration of each MouseClick to five seconds.  We then create  Snapshot Windows over those events.  Snapshot windows are discussed in detail here.  With this solution we are centred around the events.  It is the events that are driving the output.  Let’s have a look at the output from this solution as it may be a little confusing. First though let me show how we get the output from StreamInsight into the Console window. foreach (var x in q.ToPointEnumerable().Where(e => e.EventKind != EventKind.Cti)) { Console.WriteLine(x.Payload.CountOfClicks); }   Ok so now to the output.   The table at the top shows the output from our routine and the table at the bottom helps to explain the output.  One of the things that will help as well is, you will note that for our PointStream we set the issuing of CTIs to be IncreasingStartTime.  What this means is that the CTI is placed right at the start of the event so will not flush the event with which it was issued but will flush those prior to it.  In the bottom table the Blue fill is where we issued a click.  Yellow fill is the duration and boundaries of our events.  The numbers at the bottom indicate the count of events   Clicked 22:40:16                                 Clicked 23:40:18                                 1                                   Clicked 23:40:20                                 2                                   Clicked 23:40:22                                 3                                   2                                   Clicked 23:40:24                                 3                                   2                                   Clicked 23:40:32                                 3                                   2                                   1                                                                                                         secs 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32                                                                                                                                                                                                                         counts   1   2 3 2 3 2 3   2   1           What we can see here in the output is that the counts include all the end edges that have occurred between the mouse clicks.  If we look specifically at the mouse click at 22:40:32. then we see that 3 events are returned to us. These include the following End Edge count at 22:40:25 End Edge count at 22:40:27 End Edge count at 22:40:29 Another thing we notice is that until we actually issue a CTI at 22:40:32 then those last 3 snapshot window counts will never be reported. Hopefully this has helped to explain  a few concepts around StreamInsight and the IObservable() pattern.   You can download this solution from here and play.  You will need the Reactive Framework from here and StreamInsight 1.1

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• Masters vs. PhD - long [closed]

  - by Sterling

  I'm 21 years old and a first year master's computer science student. Whether or not to continue with my PhD has been plaguing me for the past few months. I can't stop thinking about it and am extremely torn on the issue. I have read http://www.cs.unc.edu/~azuma/hitch4.html and many, many other masters vs phd articles on the web. Unfortunately, I have not yet come to a conclusion. I was hoping that I could post my ideas about the issue on here in hopes to 1) get some extra insight on the issue and 2) make sure that I am correct in my assumptions. Hopefully having people who have experience in the respective fields can tell me if I am wrong so I don't make my decision based on false ideas. Okay, to get this topic out of the way - money. Money isn't the most important thing to me, but it is still important. It's always been a goal of mine to make 6 figures, but I realize that will probably take me a long time with either path. According to most online salary calculating sites, the average starting salary for a software engineer is ~60-70k. The PhD program here is 5 years, so that's about 300k I am missing out on by not going into the workforce with a masters. I have only ever had ~1k at one time in my life so 300k is something I can't even really accurately imagine. I know that I wouldn't have at once obviously, but just to know I would be earning that is kinda crazy to me. I feel like I would be living quite comfortably by the time I'm 30 years old (but risk being too content too soon). I would definitely love to have at least a few years of my 20s to spend with that kind of money before I have a family to spend it all on. I haven't grown up very financially stable so it would be so nice to just spend some money…get a nice car, buy a new guitar or two, eat some good food, and just be financially comfortable. I have always felt like I deserved to make good money in my life, even as a kid growing up, and I just want to have it be a reality. I know that either path I take will make good money by the time I'm ~40-45 years old, but I guess I'm just sick of not making money and am getting impatient about it. However, a big idea pushing me towards a PhD is that I feel the masters path would give me a feeling of selling out if I have the capability to solve real questions in the computer science world. (pretty straight-forward - not much to elaborate on, but this is a big deal) Now onto other aspects of the decision. I originally got into computer science because of programming. I started in high school and knew very soon that it was what I wanted to do for a career. I feel like getting a masters and being a software engineer in the industry gives me much more time to program in my career. In research, I feel like I would spend more time reading, writing, trying to get grant money, etc than I would coding. A guy I work with in the lab just recently published a paper. He showed it to me and I was shocked by it. The first two pages was littered with equations and formulas. Then the next page or so was followed by more equations and formulas that he derived from the previous ones. That was his work - breaking down and creating all of these formulas for robotic arm movement. And whenever I read computer science papers, they all seem to follow this pattern. I always pictured myself coding all day long…not proving equations and things of that nature. I know that's only one part of computer science research, but that part bores me. A couple cons on each side - Phd - I don't really enjoy writing or feel like I'm that great at technical writing. Whenever I'm in groups to make something, I'm always the one who does the large majority of the work and then give it to my team members to write up a report. Presenting is different though - I don't mind presenting at all as long as I have a good grasp on what I am presenting. But writing papers seems like such a chore to me. And because of this, the "publish or perish" phrase really turns me off from research. Another bad thing - I feel like if I am doing research, most of it would be done alone. I work best in small groups. I like to have at least one person to bounce ideas off of when I am brainstorming. The idea of being a part of some small elite group to build things sounds ideal to me. So being able to work in small groups for the majority of my career is a definite plus. I don't feel like I can get this doing research. Masters - I read a lot online that most people come in as engineers and eventually move into management positions. As of now, I don't see myself wanting to be a part of management. Lets say my company wanted to make some new product or system - I would get much more pride, enjoyment, and overall satisfaction to say "I made this" rather than "I managed a group of people that made this." I want to be a big part of the development process. I want to make things. I think it would be great to be more specialized than other people. I would rather know everything about something than something about everything. I always have been that way - was a great pitcher during my baseball years, but not so good at everything else, great at certain classes in school, but not so good at others, etc. To think that my career would be the same way sounds okay to me. Getting a PhD would point me in this direction. It would be great to be some guy who is someone that people look towards and come to ask for help because of being such an important contributor to a very specific field, such as artificial neural networks or robotic haptic perception. From what I gather about the software industry, being specialized can be a very bad thing because of the speed of the new technology. I When it comes to being employed, I have pretty conservative views. I don't want to change companies every 5 years. Maybe this is something everyone wishes, but I would love to just be an important person in one company for 10+ (maybe 20-25+ if I'm lucky!) years if the working conditions were acceptable. I feel like that is more possible as a PhD though, being a professor or researcher. The more I read about people in the software industry, the more it seems like most software engineers bounce from company to company at rapid paces. Some even work like a hired gun from project to project which is NOT what I want AT ALL. But finding a place to make great and important software would be great if that actually happens in the real world. I'm a very competitive person. I thrive on competition. I don't really know why, but I have always been that way even as a kid growing up. Competition always gave me a reason to practice that little extra every night, always push my limits, etc. It seems to me like there is no competition in the research world. It seems like everyone is very relaxed as long as research is being conducted. The only competition is if someone is researching the same thing as you and its whoever can finish and publish first (but everyone seems to careful to check that circumstance). The only noticeable competition to me is just with yourself and your own discipline. I like the idea that in the industry, there is real competition between companies to put out the best product or be put out of business. I feel like this would constantly be pushing me to be better at what I do. One thing that is really pushing me towards a PhD is the lifetime of the things you make. I feel like if you make something truly innovative in the industry…just some really great new application or system…there is a shelf-life of about 5-10 years before someone just does it faster and more efficiently. But with research work, you could create an idea or algorithm that last decades. For instance, the A* search algorithm was described in 1968 and is still widely used today. That is amazing to me. In the words of Palahniuk, "The goal isn't to live forever, its to create something that will." Over anything, I just want to do something that matters. I want my work to help and progress society. Seriously, if I'm stuck programming GUIs for the next 40 years…I might shoot myself in the face. But then again, I hate the idea that less than 1% of the population will come into contact with my work and even less understand its importance. So if anything I have said is false then please inform me. If you think I come off as a masters or PhD, inform me. If you want to give me some extra insight or add on to any point I made, please do. Thank you so much to anyone for any help.

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• How to do MVC the right way

  - by Ieyasu Sawada

  I've been doing MVC for a few months now using the CodeIgniter framework in PHP but I still don't know if I'm really doing things right. What I currently do is: Model - this is where I put database queries (select, insert, update, delete). Here's a sample from one of the models that I have: function register_user($user_login, $user_profile, $department, $role) { $department_id = $this->get_department_id($department); $role_id = $this->get_role_id($role); array_push($user_login, $department_id, $role_id); $this->db->query("INSERT INTO tbl_users SET username=?, hashed_password=?, salt=?, department_id=?, role_id=?", $user_login); $user_id = $this->db->insert_id(); array_push($user_profile, $user_id); $this->db->query(" INSERT INTO tbl_userprofile SET firstname=?, midname=?, lastname=?, user_id=? ", $user_profile); } Controller - talks to the model, calls up the methods in the model which queries the database, supplies the data which the views will display(success alerts, error alerts, data from database), inherits a parent controller which checks if user is logged in. Here's a sample: function create_user(){ $this->load->helper('encryption/Bcrypt'); $bcrypt = new Bcrypt(15); $user_data = array( 'username' => 'Username', 'firstname' => 'Firstname', 'middlename' => 'Middlename', 'lastname' => 'Lastname', 'password' => 'Password', 'department' => 'Department', 'role' => 'Role' ); foreach ($user_data as $key => $value) { $this->form_validation->set_rules($key, $value, 'required|trim'); } if ($this->form_validation->run() == FALSE) { $departments = $this->user_model->list_departments(); $it_roles = $this->user_model->list_roles(1); $tc_roles = $this->user_model->list_roles(2); $assessor_roles = $this->user_model->list_roles(3); $data['data'] = array('departments' => $departments, 'it_roles' => $it_roles, 'tc_roles' => $tc_roles, 'assessor_roles' => $assessor_roles); $data['content'] = 'admin/create_user'; parent::error_alert(); $this->load->view($this->_at, $data); } else { $username = $this->input->post('username'); $salt = $bcrypt->getSalt(); $hashed_password = $bcrypt->hash($this->input->post('password'), $salt); $fname = $this->input->post('firstname'); $mname = $this->input->post('middlename'); $lname = $this->input->post('lastname'); $department = $this->input->post('department'); $role = $this->input->post('role'); $user_login = array($username, $hashed_password, $salt); $user_profile = array($fname, $mname, $lname); $this->user_model->register_user($user_login, $user_profile, $department, $role); $data['content'] = 'admin/view_user'; parent::success_alert(4, 'User Sucessfully Registered!', 'You may now login using your account'); $data['data'] = array('username' => $username, 'fname' => $fname, 'mname' => $mname, 'lname' => $lname, 'department' => $department, 'role' => $role); $this->load->view($this->_at, $data); } } Views - this is where I put html, css, and JavaScript code (form validation code for the current form, looping through the data supplied by controller, a few if statements to hide and show things depending on the data supplied by the controller). <!--User registration form--> <form class="well min-form" method="post"> <div class="form-heading"> <h3>User Registration</h3> </div> <label for="username">Username</label> <input type="text" id="username" name="username" class="span3" autofocus> <label for="password">Password</label> <input type="password" id="password" name="password" class="span3"> <label for="firstname">First name</label> <input type="text" id="firstname" name="firstname" class="span3"> <label for="middlename">Middle name</label> <input type="text" id="middlename" name="middlename" class="span3"> <label for="lastname">Last name</label> <input type="text" id="lastname" name="lastname" class="span3"> <label for="department">Department</label> <input type="text" id="department" name="department" class="span3" list="list_departments"> <datalist id="list_departments"> <?php foreach ($data['departments'] as $row) { ?> <option data-id="<?php echo $row['department_id']; ?>" value="<?php echo $row['department']; ?>"><?php echo $row['department']; ?></option> <?php } ?> </datalist> <label for="role">Role</label> <input type="text" id="role" name="role" class="span3" list=""> <datalist id="list_it"> <?php foreach ($data['it_roles'] as $row) { ?> <option data-id="<?php echo $row['role_id']; ?>" value="<?php echo $row['role']; ?>"><?php echo $row['role']; ?></option> <?php } ?> </datalist> <datalist id="list_collection"> <?php foreach ($data['tc_roles'] as $row) { ?> <option data-id="<?php echo $row['role_id']; ?>" value="<?php echo $row['role']; ?>"><?php echo $row['role']; ?></option> <?php } ?> </datalist> <datalist id="list_assessor"> <?php foreach ($data['assessor_roles'] as $row) { ?> <option data-id="<?php echo $row['role_id']; ?>" value="<?php echo $row['role']; ?>"><?php echo $row['role']; ?></option> <?php } ?> </datalist> <p> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Create User</button> </p> </form> <script> var departments = []; var roles = []; $('#list_departments option').each(function(i){ departments[i] = $(this).val(); }); $('#list_it option').each(function(i){ roles[roles.length + 1] = $(this).val(); }); $('#list_collection option').each(function(i){ roles[roles.length + 1] = $(this).val(); }); $('#list_assessor option').each(function(i){ roles[roles.length + 1] = $(this).val(); }); $('#department').blur(function(){ var department = $.trim($(this).val()); $('#role').attr('list', 'list_' + department); }); var password = new LiveValidation('password'); password.add(Validate.Presence); password.add(Validate.Length, {minimum: 10}); $('input[type=text]').each(function(i){ var field_id = $(this).attr('id'); var field = new LiveValidation(field_id); field.add(Validate.Presence); if(field_id == 'department'){ field.add(Validate.Inclusion, {within : departments}); } else if(field_id == 'role'){ field.add(Validate.Inclusion, {within : roles}) } }); </script> The codes above are actually code from the application that I'm currently working on. I'm working on it alone so I don't really have someone to review my code for me and point out the wrong things in it so I'm posting it here in hopes that someone could point out the wrong things that I've done in here. I'm also looking for some guidelines in writing MVC code like what are the things that should be and shouldn't be included in views, models and controllers. How else can I improve the current code that I have right now. I've written some really terrible code before(duplication of logic, etc.) that's why I want to improve my code so that I can easily maintain it in the future. Thanks!

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• Windows Vista/Win7 Privilege Problem: SeDebugPrivilege & OpenProcess

  - by KevenK

  Everything I've been able to find about escalating to the appropriate privileges for my needs has agreed with my current methods, but the problem exists. I'm hoping maybe someone has some Windows Vista/Win7 internals experience that might shine some light where there is only darkness. I'm sure this will get long, but please bare with me. Context: I'm working on an app that requires accessing the memory of other processes on the current machine. This, obviously, requires administrator rights. It also requires SeDebugPrivilege, which I believe myself to be acquiring correctly, although I question if more privileges aren't necessary and thus the cause of my problems. Code has so far worked successfully on all versions of Windows XP, and on my test Vista32 and Win7x64 environments. Process: Program will Always be run with Administrator Rights. This can be assumed throughout this post. Escalating the current process's Access Token to include SeDebugPrivilege rights. Using EnumProcesses to create a list of current PIDs on the system Opening a handle using OpenProcess with PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS access rights Using ReadProcessMemory to read the memory of the other process. Problem: Everything has been working fine during development and my personal testing (including Windows XP 32 & 64, Windows Vista 32, and Windows 7 x64). However, during a test deployment onto both Windows Vista(32-bit) and Windows 7(64-bit) machines of a colleague, there seems to be a privilege/rights problem with OpenProcess failing with a generic Access Denied error. This occurs both when running as a limited User (as would be expected) and also when run explicitly as Administrator (Right-click Run as Administrator and when run from an Administrator level command prompt). However, this problem has been unreproducible for myself in my test environment. I have witnessed the problem first hand, so I trust that the problem exists. The only difference that I can discern between the actual environment and my test environment is that the actual error is occurring when using a Domain Administrator account at the UAC prompt, whereas my tests (which work with no errors) use a local administrator account at the UAC prompt. It appears that although the credentials being used allow UAC to 'run as administrator', the process is still not obtaining the correct rights to be able to OpenProcess on another process. I am not familiar enough with the internals of Vista/Win7 to know what this might be, and I am hoping someone has an idea of what could be the cause. The Kicker: The person who has reported this error, and who's environment can regularly reproduce this bug, has a small application named along the lines of RunWithDebugEnabled which is a small bootstrap program which appears to escalate its own privileges and then launch the executable passed to it (thus inheriting the escalated privileges). When run with this program, using the same Domain Administrator credentials at UAC prompt, the program works correctly and is able to successfully call OpenProcess and operates as intended. So this is definitely a problem with acquiring the correct privileges, and it is known that the Domain Administrator account is an administrator account that should be able to access the correct rights. (Obviously obtaining this source code would be great, but I wouldn't be here if that were possible). Notes: As noted, the errors reported by the failed OpenProcess attempts are Access Denied. According to MSDN documentation of OpenProcess: If the caller has enabled the SeDebugPrivilege privilege, the requested access is granted regardless of the contents of the security descriptor. This leads me to believe that perhaps there is a problem under these conditions either with (1) Obtaining SeDebugPrivileges or (2) Requiring other privileges which have not been mentioned in any MSDN documentation, and which might differ between a Domain Administrator account and a Local Administrator account Sample Code: void sample() { ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Note: Enabling SeDebugPrivilege adapted from sample // MSDN @ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa446619%28VS.85%29.aspx // Enable SeDebugPrivilege HANDLE hToken = NULL; TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tokenPriv; LUID luidDebug; if(OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &hToken) != FALSE) { if(LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luidDebug) != FALSE) { tokenPriv.PrivilegeCount = 1; tokenPriv.Privileges[0].Luid = luidDebug; tokenPriv.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; if(AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &tokenPriv, 0, NULL, NULL) != FALSE) { // Always successful, even in the cases which lead to OpenProcess failure cout << "SUCCESSFULLY CHANGED TOKEN PRIVILEGES" << endl; } else { cout << "FAILED TO CHANGE TOKEN PRIVILEGES, CODE: " << GetLastError() << endl; } } } CloseHandle(hToken); // Enable SeDebugPrivilege ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// vector<DWORD> pidList = getPIDs(); // Method that simply enumerates all current process IDs ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Attempt to open processes for(int i = 0; i < pidList.size(); ++i) { HANDLE hProcess = NULL; hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pidList[i]); if(hProcess == NULL) { // Error is occurring here under the given conditions cout << "Error opening process PID(" << pidList[i] << "): " << GetLastError() << endl; } CloseHandle(hProcess); } // Attempt to open processes ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// } Thanks! If anyone has some insight into what possible permissions/privileges/rights/etc that I may be missing to correctly open another process (Assuming the executable has been properly "Run as Administrator"ed) on Windows Vista and Windows 7 under the above conditions, it would be most greatly appreciated. I wouldn't be here if I weren't absolutely stumped, but I'm hopeful that once again the experience and knowledge of the group shines bright. I thank you for taking the time to read this wall of text. The good intentions alone are appreciated, thanks for being the type of person that makes SO so useful to all!

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• BSOD Before Windows Will Loads - Graphics Related

  - by Brian

  Alright deep breath here: (Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bit btw) Today I installed Star Craft 2 Beta. After trying to log in, it had some issues where it said my device stopped working (referring to my video device I have to imagine). After I force quit the game there were some random "hot" (various colors if i remember correctly) pixels on the screen. I decided to reboot and try again with similar results. I figured that maybe my display drivers could stand to be updated (I don't frequently update them as I don't often run into problems). I went out to nVidia's website and grabbed the latest drivers for Windows 7 64 bit GeForce 9 series. (I have SLi-ed 9800 GTs). Everything seemed to install fine and I performed the restart. This is when things went from bad (can't play SC2 beta ;) ) to worse (can't boot into windows!). Initially the very first splash screen - I think it's the bios splash screen - had lines of colored pixels covering it. It then displayed a screen that had lots of "(" on it. After that it showed the normal windows 7 splash screen as if it were going to load into Windows. Before getting much further, it BSODed on me. It was a 0x0000003B stop error. At nvlddmkm.sys. A little digging let verified that this was a problem with an nVidia graphics device, not a real shocker. Windows decided it would try to help me diagnose the problem, which it's only answer to was a System Restore, which did nothing to alleviate the problem. I was able to boot up fine in safe mode and was not able to roll back the driver, however I did uninstall the driver and reboot. I still had the graphical anomalies during the first two screens (same colored "."'s and weird "("'s), but there was NOT a stop error. Windows loaded up, found a default driver for the device and installed it and I restarted to let it load - and had yet another BSOD Stop error. Repeat driver uninstall, this time I reloaded the same version (I think it's possible that I was running a 32 bit version or a vista versus windows 7 version, but I don't have that information handy) of the nVidia driver from their website. Restart, same anomalies, same Stop Error. I am at a loss - At this point all I can think is that the firmware for the Video cards got fried or there's actual damage to the cards which I sincerely hope is not the case but the sooner I know the better. Any insight into what I might be able to do to troubleshoot/fix this problem would be most helpful. Attached below is a dump from DxDiag. Please let me know if there is more info that I could provide. ------------------ System Information ------------------ Time of this report: 3/18/2010, 23:22:48 Machine name: BRIAN-PC Operating System: Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit (6.1, Build 7600) (7600.win7_rtm.090713-1255) Language: English (Regional Setting: English) System Manufacturer: Dell Inc System Model: XPS 630i BIOS: Phoenix - AwardBIOS v6.00PG Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8200 @ 2.33GHz (4 CPUs), ~2.3GHz Memory: 8192MB RAM Available OS Memory: 8190MB RAM Page File: 1855MB used, 14521MB available Windows Dir: C:\Windows DirectX Version: DirectX 11 DX Setup Parameters: Not found User DPI Setting: Using System DPI System DPI Setting: 96 DPI (100 percent) DWM DPI Scaling: Disabled DxDiag Version: 6.01.7600.16385 32bit Unicode DxDiag Previously: Crashed in DirectShow (stage 1). Re-running DxDiag with "dontskip" command line parameter or choosing not to bypass information gathering when prompted might result in DxDiag successfully obtaining this information ------------ DxDiag Notes ------------ Display Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 2: No problems found. Sound Tab 3: No problems found. Input Tab: No problems found. -------------------- DirectX Debug Levels -------------------- Direct3D: 0/4 (retail) DirectDraw: 0/4 (retail) DirectInput: 0/5 (retail) DirectMusic: 0/5 (retail) DirectPlay: 0/9 (retail) DirectSound: 0/5 (retail) DirectShow: 0/6 (retail) --------------- Display Devices --------------- Card name: Manufacturer: Chip type: DAC type: Device Key: Enum\ Display Memory: n/a Dedicated Memory: n/a Shared Memory: n/a Current Mode: 1600 x 1200 (32 bit) (1Hz) Driver Name: Driver File Version: () Driver Version: DDI Version: unknown Driver Model: unknown Driver Attributes: Final Retail Driver Date/Size: , 0 bytes WHQL Logo'd: n/a WHQL Date Stamp: n/a Device Identifier: {D7B70EE0-4340-11CF-B123-B03DAEC2CB35} Vendor ID: 0x0000 Device ID: 0x0000 SubSys ID: 0x00000000 Revision ID: 0x0000 Driver Strong Name: Unknown Rank Of Driver: Unknown Video Accel: Deinterlace Caps: n/a D3D9 Overlay: n/a DXVA-HD: n/a DDraw Status: Not Available D3D Status: Not Available AGP Status: Not Available ------------- Sound Devices ------------- Description: Speakers (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: Yes Default Voice Playback: Yes Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No Description: Realtek Digital Output (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: No Default Voice Playback: No Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No Description: Realtek HDMI Output (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Playback: No Default Voice Playback: No Hardware ID: HDAUDIO\FUNC_01&VEN_10EC&DEV_0888&SUBSYS_10280249&REV_1001 Manufacturer ID: 1 Product ID: 100 Type: WDM Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail WHQL Logo'd: n/a Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Other Files: Driver Provider: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. HW Accel Level: Basic Cap Flags: 0x0 Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0 Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0 HW Memory: 0 Voice Management: No EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No --------------------- Sound Capture Devices --------------------- Description: Microphone (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Capture: Yes Default Voice Capture: Yes Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Cap Flags: 0x0 Format Flags: 0x0 Description: Realtek Digital Input (Realtek High Definition Audio) Default Sound Capture: No Default Voice Capture: No Driver Name: RTKVHD64.sys Driver Version: 6.00.0001.5667 (English) Driver Attributes: Final Retail Date and Size: 8/18/2008 04:05:28, 1485592 bytes Cap Flags: 0x0 Format Flags: 0x0 ------------------- DirectInput Devices ------------------- Device Name: Mouse Attached: 1 Controller ID: n/a Vendor/Product ID: n/a FF Driver: n/a Device Name: Keyboard Attached: 1 Controller ID: n/a Vendor/Product ID: n/a FF Driver: n/a Device Name: ESA FW Update Attached: 1 Controller ID: 0x0 Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A FF Driver: n/a Poll w/ Interrupt: No ----------- USB Devices ----------- + USB Root Hub | Vendor/Product ID: 0x10DE, 0x026D | Matching Device ID: usb\root_hub | Service: usbhub | +-+ USB Input Device | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A | | Location: Port_#0002.Hub_#0001 | | Matching Device ID: generic_hid_device | | Service: HidUsb | | | +-+ HID-compliant device | | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x0955, 0x000A | | | Matching Device ID: hid_device | | +-+ USB Input Device | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x046D, 0xC01E | | Location: Port_#0003.Hub_#0001 | | Matching Device ID: generic_hid_device | | Service: HidUsb | | | +-+ HID-compliant mouse | | | Vendor/Product ID: 0x046D, 0xC01E | | | Matching Device ID: hid_device_system_mouse | | | Service: mouhid ---------------- Gameport Devices ---------------- ------------ PS/2 Devices ------------ + Standard PS/2 Keyboard | Matching Device ID: *pnp0303 | Service: i8042prt | + Terminal Server Keyboard Driver | Matching Device ID: root\rdp_kbd | Upper Filters: kbdclass | Service: TermDD | + Terminal Server Mouse Driver | Matching Device ID: root\rdp_mou | Upper Filters: mouclass | Service: TermDD ------------------------ Disk & DVD/CD-ROM Drives ------------------------ Drive: C: Free Space: 324.3 GB Total Space: 608.4 GB File System: NTFS Model: WDC WD64 00AAKS-75A7B SCSI Disk Device Drive: D: Free Space: 1.0 GB Total Space: 2.0 GB File System: NTFS Model: WDC WD64 00AAKS-75A7B SCSI Disk Device Drive: E: Model: TSSTcorp DVD+-RW TS-H653F SCSI CdRom Device Driver: c:\windows\system32\drivers\cdrom.sys, 6.01.7600.16385 (English), , 0 bytes -------------- System Devices -------------- Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B7&SUBSYS_000010DE&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&18 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AF&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0A Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard host CPU bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A3&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&00 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Serial ATA Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0267&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&78 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B6&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&10 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AE&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&09 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0272&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&52 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Serial ATA Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0266&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&70 Driver: n/a Name: LSI 1394 OHCI Compliant Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_11C1&DEV_5811&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_70\4&14591D7E&0&2880 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B5&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&06 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AD&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&08 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0270&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&48 Driver: n/a Name: Standard Dual Channel PCI IDE Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0265&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&68 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GT Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0605&SUBSYS_062D10DE&REV_A2\4&4BABE2A&0&0028 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B4&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&07 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AC&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&01 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026F&SUBSYS_CB8410DE&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&80 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce PCI System Management Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0264&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&51 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GT Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0605&SUBSYS_062D10DE&REV_A2\4&10BD3C89&0&0018 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B3&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0E Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AB&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&04 Driver: n/a Name: Standard Enhanced PCI to USB Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026E&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&59 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard ISA bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0260&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&50 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03BC&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&11 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B2&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0D Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03AA&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&02 Driver: n/a Name: Standard OpenHCD USB Host Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026D&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&58 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03BA&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&12 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B1&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0C Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A9&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&03 Driver: n/a Name: High Definition Audio Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_026C&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&81 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard PCI-to-PCI bridge Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B8&SUBSYS_000010DE&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&28 Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03B0&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A1\3&2411E6FE&1&0B Driver: n/a Name: PCI standard RAM Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_03A8&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A2\3&2411E6FE&1&05 Driver: n/a Name: NVIDIA nForce Networking Controller Device ID: PCI\VEN_10DE&DEV_0269&SUBSYS_02491028&REV_A3\3&2411E6FE&1&A0 Driver: n/a --------------- EVR Power Information --------------- Current Setting: {5C67A112-A4C9-483F-B4A7-1D473BECAFDC} (Quality) Quality Flags: 2576 Enabled: Force throttling Allow half deinterlace Allow scaling Decode Power Usage: 100 Balanced Flags: 1424 Enabled: Force throttling Allow batching Force half deinterlace Force scaling Decode Power Usage: 50 PowerFlags: 1424 Enabled: Force throttling Allow batching Force half deinterlace Force scaling Decode Power Usage: 0

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• Is That REST API Really RPC? Roy Fielding Seems to Think So.

  - by Rich Apodaca

  A large amount of what I thought I knew about REST is apparently wrong - and I'm not alone. This question has a long lead-in, but it seems to be necessary because the information is a bit scattered. The actual question comes at the end if you're already familiar with this topic. From the first paragraph of Roy Fielding's REST APIs must be hypertext-driven, it's pretty clear he believes his work is being widely misinterpreted: I am getting frustrated by the number of people calling any HTTP-based interface a REST API. Today’s example is the SocialSite REST API. That is RPC. It screams RPC. There is so much coupling on display that it should be given an X rating. Fielding goes on to list several attributes of a REST API. Some of them seem to go against both common practice and common advice on SO and other forums. For example: A REST API should be entered with no prior knowledge beyond the initial URI (bookmark) and set of standardized media types that are appropriate for the intended audience (i.e., expected to be understood by any client that might use the API). ... A REST API must not define fixed resource names or hierarchies (an obvious coupling of client and server). ... A REST API should spend almost all of its descriptive effort in defining the media type(s) used for representing resources and driving application state, or in defining extended relation names and/or hypertext-enabled mark-up for existing standard media types. ... The idea of "hypertext" plays a central role - much more so than URI structure or what HTTP verbs mean. "Hypertext" is defined in one of the comments: When I [Fielding] say hypertext, I mean the simultaneous presentation of information and controls such that the information becomes the affordance through which the user (or automaton) obtains choices and selects actions. Hypermedia is just an expansion on what text means to include temporal anchors within a media stream; most researchers have dropped the distinction. Hypertext does not need to be HTML on a browser. Machines can follow links when they understand the data format and relationship types. I'm guessing at this point, but the first two points above seem to suggest that API documentation for a Foo resource that looks like the following leads to tight coupling between client and server and has no place in a RESTful system. GET /foos/{id} # read a Foo POST /foos/{id} # create a Foo PUT /foos/{id} # update a Foo Instead, an agent should be forced to discover the URIs for all Foos by, for example, issuing a GET request against /foos. (Those URIs may turn out to follow the pattern above, but that's beside the point.) The response uses a media type that is capable of conveying how to access each item and what can be done with it, giving rise to the third point above. For this reason, API documentation should focus on explaining how to interpret the hypertext contained in the response. Furthermore, every time a URI to a Foo resource is requested, the response contains all of the information needed for an agent to discover how to proceed by, for example, accessing associated and parent resources through their URIs, or by taking action after the creation/deletion of a resource. The key to the entire system is that the response consists of hypertext contained in a media type that itself conveys to the agent options for proceeding. It's not unlike the way a browser works for humans. But this is just my best guess at this particular moment. Fielding posted a follow-up in which he responded to criticism that his discussion was too abstract, lacking in examples, and jargon-rich: Others will try to decipher what I have written in ways that are more direct or applicable to some practical concern of today. I probably won’t, because I am too busy grappling with the next topic, preparing for a conference, writing another standard, traveling to some distant place, or just doing the little things that let me feel I have I earned my paycheck. So, two simple questions for the REST experts out there with a practical mindset: how do you interpret what Fielding is saying and how do you put it into practice when documenting/implementing REST APIs? Edit: this question is an example of how hard it can be to learn something if you don't have a name for what you're talking about. The name in this case is "Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State" (HATEOAS).

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• Weird Excel Formatting

  - by Gage

  Recently a new co-op was hired at our company and has been tasked to run a report. The report queries the database and returns a resultset and from there procedes to create the spreadsheets. Depending on the number of days selected a different number of reports are generated but I do not believe that is relavent to the question. Basically it runs the reports and loops through the resultset but at some point continues to loop through until tow 65536 at which it stops. For Example if the resultset contained 74 records then the first 74 rows would appear normally (formatted yellow) while everything after that would also be formatted yellow although it should be left alone. I am inheriting this code as I to am a new co-op. Apparently this only happens when a "change of guards" happens (New co-op has to run the report).` DoCmd.SetWarnings False DoCmd.OpenQuery ("DailySummaryQueryMain") strSQL = "SELECT * FROM DailySummaryMain" Set rs = CurrentDb.OpenRecordset(strSQL) DoCmd.Echo True, "Running first Report" If Not rs.EOF Then rs.MoveFirst Do While Not rs.EOF And Not rs.BOF xlapp.Range("A" & i).Value = rs.Fields(0).Value xlapp.Range("B" & i).Value = rs.Fields(1).Value xlapp.Range("C" & i).Value = rs.Fields(2).Value Set rs2 = CurrentDb.OpenRecordset("SELECT dbo_StatusType.StatusTypeID, dbo_StatusType.Name FROM dbo_StatusType WHERE (((dbo_StatusType.StatusTypeID)=" & rs.Fields(3) & "))") rs2.MoveFirst xlapp.Range("D" & i).Value = rs2.Fields(1).Value xlapp.Range("E" & i).Value = rs.Fields(4).Value xlapp.Range("F" & i).Value = rs.Fields(5).Value xlapp.Range("G" & i).Value = rs.Fields(6).Value 'count number of outages that start and end on same day If Format(xlapp.Range("F" & i).Value, "mm/dd/yyyy") = Format(xlapp.Range("G" & i).Value, "mm/dd/yyyy") Then dayCount = dayCount + 1 End If xlapp.Range("H" & i).Value = rs.Fields(7).Value xlapp.Range("I" & i).Value = rs.Fields(8).Value xlapp.Range("J" & i).Value = rs.Fields(9).Value xlapp.Range("K" & i).Value = rs.Fields(10).Value xlapp.Range("L" & i).Value = rs.Fields(11).Value xlapp.Range("M" & i).Value = rs.Fields(12).Value xlapp.Range("N" & i).Value = rs.Fields(13).Value 'highlite recently modified rows If rs.Fields(14).Value = "Yes" Then xlapp.Range("A" & i & ":N" & i).Select With xlapp.Selection.Interior .ColorIndex = 36 .Pattern = xlSolid End With End If 'break apart by sector If CInt(rs.Fields(2).Value) = 1 Then row = row1 ElseIf CInt(rs.Fields(2).Value) = 2 Then row = row2 ElseIf CInt(rs.Fields(2).Value) = 3 Then row = row3 Else row = row4 End If xlapp.Worksheets(CInt(rs.Fields(2).Value) + 1).Activate xlapp.Range("A" & row).Value = rs.Fields(0).Value xlapp.Range("B" & row).Value = rs.Fields(1).Value xlapp.Range("C" & row).Value = rs.Fields(13).Value xlapp.Range("D" & row).Value = rs.Fields(4).Value xlapp.Range("E" & row).Value = rs.Fields(5).Value xlapp.Range("F" & row).Value = rs.Fields(6).Value xlapp.Range("G" & row).Value = rs.Fields(7).Value xlapp.Range("H" & row).Value = rs.Fields(8).Value xlapp.Range("I" & row).Value = rs.Fields(9).Value xlapp.Range("J" & row).Value = rs.Fields(10).Value xlapp.Range("K" & row).Value = "" xlapp.Range("L" & row).Value = rs.Fields(11).Value xlapp.Range("M" & row).Value = rs.Fields(13).Value If CInt(rs.Fields(2).Value) = 1 Then row1 = row1 + 1 ElseIf CInt(rs.Fields(2).Value) = 2 Then row2 = row2 + 1 ElseIf CInt(rs.Fields(2).Value) = 3 Then row3 = row3 + 1 Else row4 = row4 + 1 End If 'activate main summary sheet for next outage xlapp.Worksheets(1).Activate i = i + 1 rs.MoveNext Loop` Also I should note that this is all happening within an access database which has its tables linked from SQL. The query is extremely slow to run from which I believe is the use of views but thats neither here nor there. All you have to know is attempting to debug takes an enormous amount of time due to having to wait for the recordset to return. My guess is that its not checking to see if the resultset is empty correctly. Is there a way I could check to see if theres a value is rs.Fields(0) and base it off that maybe? That is the ID column and there should always be a value. I am wondering why rs.EOF isn't catching this though.

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• Forensic Analysis of the OOM-Killer

  - by Oddthinking

  Ubuntu's Out-Of-Memory Killer wreaked havoc on my server, quietly assassinating my applications, sendmail, apache and others. I've managed to learn what the OOM Killer is, and about its "badness" rules. While my machine is small, my applications are even smaller, and typically only half of my physical memory is in use, let alone swap-space, so I was surprised. I am trying to work out the culprit, but I don't know how to read the OOM-Killer logs. Can anyone please point me to a tutorial on how to read the data in the logs (what are ve, free and gen?), or help me parse these logs? Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 1, exc 2326 0 goal 2326 0... Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ebb0c6f0, thg d33a1b00, sig 1 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 1, exc 2326 0 red 61795 745 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 2, exc 122 0 goal 383 0... Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ebb0c6f0, thg d33a1b00, sig 1 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 2, exc 383 0 red 61795 745 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ebb0c6f0, thg d33a1b00, sig 2 Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process watchdog (pid=14490, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24501. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=4457, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24502. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process ntpd (pid=10816, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24503. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=27401, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24504. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=29009, ve=13516) exited, free=43104 gen=24505. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=10557, ve=13516) exited, free=49552 gen=24506. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=24983, ve=13516) exited, free=53117 gen=24507. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=29129, ve=13516) exited, free=68493 gen=24508. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process sendmail-mta (pid=941, ve=13516) exited, free=68803 gen=24509. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=12418, ve=13516) exited, free=69330 gen=24510. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process python (pid=22953, ve=13516) exited, free=72275 gen=24511. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=6624, ve=13516) exited, free=76398 gen=24512. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process python (pid=23317, ve=13516) exited, free=94285 gen=24513. Apr 20 20:03:27 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process tail (pid=29030, ve=13516) exited, free=95339 gen=24514. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=20583, ve=13516) exited, free=101663 gen=24515. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process logger (pid=12894, ve=13516) exited, free=101694 gen=24516. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process bash (pid=21119, ve=13516) exited, free=101849 gen=24517. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process atd (pid=991, ve=13516) exited, free=101880 gen=24518. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process apache2 (pid=14649, ve=13516) exited, free=102748 gen=24519. Apr 20 20:03:28 EL135 kernel: OOM killed process grep (pid=21375, ve=13516) exited, free=132167 gen=24520. Apr 20 20:03:57 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 4, exc 4215 0 goal 4826 0... Apr 20 20:03:57 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ede29370, thg df98b880, sig 1 Apr 20 20:03:57 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 4, exc 4826 0 red 189481 331 Apr 20 20:03:57 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task ede29370, thg df98b880, sig 2 Apr 20 20:04:53 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 5, exc 3564 0 goal 3564 0... Apr 20 20:04:53 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task c6c90110, thg cdb1a100, sig 1 Apr 20 20:04:53 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 5, exc 3564 0 red 189481 331 Apr 20 20:04:53 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task c6c90110, thg cdb1a100, sig 2 Apr 20 20:07:14 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selecting to kill, queued 0, seq 6, exc 8071 0 goal 8071 0... Apr 20 20:07:14 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task d7294050, thg c03f42c0, sig 1 Apr 20 20:07:14 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): selected 1, signalled 1, queued 1, seq 6, exc 8071 0 red 189481 331 Apr 20 20:07:14 EL135 kernel: kill_signal(13516.0): task d7294050, thg c03f42c0, sig 2 Watchdog is a watchdog task, that was idle; nothing in the logs to suggest it had done anything for days. Its job is to restart one of the applications if it dies, so a bit ironic that it is the first to get killed. Tail was monitoring a few logs files. Unlikely to be consuming memory madly. The apache web-server only serves pages to a little old lady who only uses it to get to church on Sundays a couple of developers who were in bed asleep, and hadn't visited a page on the site for a few weeks. The only traffic it might have had is from the port-scanners; all the content is password-protected and not linked from anywhere, so no spiders are interested. Python is running two separate custom applications. Nothing in the logs to suggest they weren't humming along as normal. One of them was a relatively recent implementation, which makes suspect #1. It doesn't have any data-structures of any significance, and normally uses only about 8% of the total physical RAW. It hasn't misbehaved since. The grep is suspect #2, and the one I want to be guilty, because it was a once-off command. The command (which piped the output of a grep -r to another grep) had been started at least 30 minutes earlier, and the fact it was still running is suspicious. However, I wouldn't have thought grep would ever use a significant amount of memory. It took a while for the OOM killer to get to it, which suggests it wasn't going mad, but the OOM killer stopped once it was killed, suggesting it may have been a memory-hog that finally satisfied the OOM killer's blood-lust.

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• ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error: character string buffer too small with Oracle aggregate f

  - by Tunde

  Good day gurus, I have a script that populates tables on a regular basis that crashed and gave the above error. The strange thing is that it has been running for close to 3 months on the production system with no problems and suddenly crashed last week. There has not been any changes on the tables as far as I know. Has anyone encountered something like this before? I believe it has something to do with the aggregate functions I'm implementing in it; but it worked initially. please; kindly find attached the part of the script I've developed into a procedure that I reckon gives the error. CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE V1 IS --DECLARE v_a VARCHAR2(4000); v_b VARCHAR2(4000); v_c VARCHAR2(4000); v_d VARCHAR2(4000); v_e VARCHAR2(4000); v_f VARCHAR2(4000); v_g VARCHAR2(4000); v_h VARCHAR2(4000); v_i VARCHAR2(4000); v_j VARCHAR2(4000); v_k VARCHAR2(4000); v_l VARCHAR2(4000); v_m VARCHAR2(4000); v_n NUMBER(10); v_o VARCHAR2(4000); -- -- Procedure that populates DEMO table BEGIN -- Delete all from the DEMO table DELETE FROM DEMO; -- Populate fields in DEMO from DEMOV1 INSERT INTO DEMO(ID, D_ID, CTR_ID, C_ID, DT_NAM, TP, BYR, ENY, ONG, SUMM, DTW, REV, LD, MD, STAT, CRD) SELECT ID, D_ID, CTR_ID, C_ID, DT_NAM, TP, TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(BYR,'YYYY')), TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(NVL(ENY,SYSDATE),'YYYY')), CASE WHEN ENY IS NULL THEN 'Y' ELSE 'N' END, SUMMARY, DTW, REV, LD, MD, '1', SYSDATE FROM DEMOV1; -- LOOP THROUGH DEMO TABLE FOR j IN (SELECT ID, CTR_ID, C_ID FROM DEMO) LOOP Select semic_concat(TXTDESC) INTO v_a From GEOT WHERE ID = j.ID; SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_n FROM MERP M, PROJ P WHERE M.MID = P.COD AND ID = j.ID AND PROAC IS NULL; IF (v_n > 0) THEN Select semic_concat(PRO) INTO v_b FROM MERP M, PROJ P WHERE M.MID = P.COD AND ID = j.ID; ELSE Select semic_concat(PRO || '(' || PROAC || ')' ) INTO v_b FROM MERP M, PROJ P WHERE M.MID = P.COD AND ID = j.ID; END IF; Select semic_concat(VOCNAME('P02',COD)) INTO v_c From PAR WHERE ID = j.ID; Select semic_concat(VOCNAME('L05',COD)) INTO v_d From INST WHERE ID = j.ID; Select semic_concat(NVL(AUTHOR,'Anon') ||' ('||to_char(PUB,'YYYY')||') '||TITLE||', '||EDT) INTO v_e From REFE WHERE ID = j.ID; Select semic_concat(NAM) INTO v_f FROM EDM E, EDO EO WHERE E.EDMID = EO.EDOID AND ID = j.ID; Select semic_concat(VOCNAME('L08', COD)) INTO v_g FROM AVA WHERE ID = j.ID; SELECT or_concat(NAM) INTO v_o FROM CON WHERE ID = j.ID AND NAM = 'Unknown'; IF (v_o = 'Unknown') THEN Select or_concat(JOBTITLE || ' (' || EMAIL || ')') INTO v_h FROM CON WHERE ID = j.ID; ELSE Select or_concat(NAM || ' (' || EMAIL || ')') INTO v_h FROM CON WHERE ID = j.ID; END IF; Select commaencap_concat(COD) INTO v_i FROM PAR WHERE ID = j.ID; IF (v_i = ',') THEN v_i := null; ELSE Select commaencap_concat(COD) INTO v_i FROM PAR WHERE ID = j.ID; END IF; Select commaencap_concat(COD) INTO v_j FROM INST WHERE ID = j.ID; IF (v_j = ',') THEN v_j := null; ELSE Select commaencap_concat(COD) INTO v_j FROM INST WHERE ID = j.ID; END IF; Select commaencap_concat(COD) INTO v_k FROM SAR WHERE ID = j.ID; IF (v_k = ',') THEN v_k := null; ELSE Select commaencap_concat(COD) INTO v_k FROM SAR WHERE ID = j.ID; END IF; Select commaencap_concat(CONID) INTO v_l FROM CON WHERE ID = j.ID; IF (v_l = ',') THEN v_l := null; ELSE Select commaencap_concat(CONID) INTO v_l FROM CON WHERE ID = j.ID; END IF; Select commaencap_concat(PROID) INTO v_m FROM PRO WHERE ID = j.ID; IF (v_m = ',') THEN v_m := null; ELSE Select commaencap_concat(PROID) INTO v_m FROM PRO WHERE ID = j.ID; END IF; -- UPDATE DEMO TABLE UPDATE DEMO SET GEOC = v_a, PRO = v_b, PAR = v_c, INS = v_d, REFER = v_e, ORGR = v_f, AVAY = v_g, CON = v_h, DTH = v_i, INST = v_j, SA = v_k, CC = v_l, EDPR = v_m, CTR = (SELECT NAM FROM EDM WHERE EDMID = j.CTR_ID), COLL = (SELECT NAM FROM EDM WHERE EDMID = j.C_ID) WHERE ID = j.ID; END LOOP; END V1; / The aggregate functions, commaencap_concat (encapsulates with a comma), or_concat (concats with an or) and semic_concat(concats with a semi-colon). the remaining tables used are all linked to the main table DEMO. I have checked the column sizes and there seems to be no problem. I tried executing the SELECT statements alone and they give the same error without populating the tables. Any clues? Many thanks for your anticipated support.

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• Node.js vs PHP processing speed

  - by Cody Craven

  I've been looking into node.js recently and wanted to see a true comparison of processing speed for PHP vs Node.js. In most of the comparisons I had seen, Node trounced Apache/PHP set ups handily. However all of the tests were small 'hello worlds' that would not accurately reflect any webpage's markup. So I decided to create a basic HTML page with 10,000 hello world paragraph elements. In these tests Node with Cluster was beaten to a pulp by PHP on Nginx utilizing PHP-FPM. So I'm curious if I am misusing Node somehow or if Node is really just this bad at processing power. Note that my results were equivalent outputting "Hello world\n" with text/plain as the HTML, but I only included the HTML as it's closer to the use case I was investigating. My testing box: Core i7-2600 Intel CPU (has 8 threads with 4 cores) 8GB DDR3 RAM Fedora 16 64bit Node.js v0.6.13 Nginx v1.0.13 PHP v5.3.10 (with PHP-FPM) My test scripts: Node.js script var cluster = require('cluster'); var http = require('http'); var numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length; if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers. for (var i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork(); } cluster.on('death', function (worker) { console.log('worker ' + worker.pid + ' died'); }); } else { // Worker processes have an HTTP server. http.Server(function (req, res) { res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}); res.write('<html>\n<head>\n<title>Speed test</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n'); for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { res.write('<p>Hello world</p>\n'); } res.end('</body>\n</html>'); }).listen(80); } This script is adapted from Node.js' documentation at http://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/cluster.html PHP script <?php echo "<html>\n<head>\n<title>Speed test</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n"; for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) { echo "<p>Hello world</p>\n"; } echo "</body>\n</html>"; My results Node.js $ ab -n 500 -c 20 http://speedtest.dev/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking speedtest.dev (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Finished 500 requests Server Software: Server Hostname: speedtest.dev Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 190070 bytes Concurrency Level: 20 Time taken for tests: 14.603 seconds Complete requests: 500 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 95066500 bytes HTML transferred: 95035000 bytes Requests per second: 34.24 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 584.123 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 29.206 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 6357.45 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.2 0 2 Processing: 94 547 405.4 424 2516 Waiting: 0 331 399.3 216 2284 Total: 95 547 405.4 424 2516 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 424 66% 607 75% 733 80% 813 90% 1084 95% 1325 98% 1843 99% 2062 100% 2516 (longest request) PHP/Nginx $ ab -n 500 -c 20 http://speedtest.dev/test.php This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking speedtest.dev (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Finished 500 requests Server Software: nginx/1.0.13 Server Hostname: speedtest.dev Server Port: 80 Document Path: /test.php Document Length: 190070 bytes Concurrency Level: 20 Time taken for tests: 0.130 seconds Complete requests: 500 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 95109000 bytes HTML transferred: 95035000 bytes Requests per second: 3849.11 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 5.196 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.260 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 715010.65 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.2 0 1 Processing: 3 5 0.7 5 7 Waiting: 1 4 0.7 4 7 Total: 3 5 0.7 5 7 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 5 66% 5 75% 5 80% 6 90% 6 95% 6 98% 6 99% 6 100% 7 (longest request) Additional details Again what I'm looking for is to find out if I'm doing something wrong with Node.js or if it is really just that slow compared to PHP on Nginx with FPM. I certainly think Node has a real niche that it could fit well, however with these test results (which I really hope I made a mistake with - as I like the idea of Node) lead me to believe that it is a horrible choice for even a modest processing load when compared to PHP (let alone JVM or various other fast solutions). As a final note, I also tried running an Apache Bench test against node with $ ab -n 20 -c 20 http://speedtest.dev/ and consistently received a total test time of greater than 0.900 seconds.

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• python list mysteriously getting set to something within my django/piston handler

  - by Anverc

  To start, I'm very new to python, let alone Django and Piston. Anyway, I've created a new BaseHandler class "class BaseApiHandler(BaseHandler)" so that I can extend some of the stff that BaseHandler does. This has been working fine until I added a new filter that could limit results to the first or last result. Now I can refresh the api page over and over and sometimes it will limit the result even if I don't include /limit/whatever in my URL... I've added some debug info into my return value to see what is happening, and that's when it gets more weird. this return value will make more sense after you see the code, but here they are for reference: When the results are correct: "statusmsg": "2 hours_detail found with query: {'empid':'22','datestamp':'2009-03-02',}", when the results are incorrect (once you read the code you'll notice two things wrong. First, it doesn't have 'limit':'None', secondly it shouldn't even get this far to begin with. "statusmsg": "1 hours_detail found with query: {'empid':'22','datestamp':'2009-03-02',with limit[0,1](limit,None),}", It may be important to note that I'm the only person with access to the server running this right now, so even if it was a cache issue, it doesn't make sense that I can just refresh and get different results by hitting F5 while viewing: http://localhost/api/hours_detail/datestamp/2009-03-02/empid/22 Here's the code broken into urls.py and handlers.py so that you can see what i'm doing: URLS.PY urlpatterns = patterns('', #hours_detail/id/{id}/empid/{empid}/projid/{projid}/datestamp/{datestamp}/daterange/{fromdate}to{todate}/limit/{first|last}/exact #empid is required # id, empid, projid, datestamp, daterange can be in any order url(r'^api/hours_detail/(?:' + \ r'(?:[/]?id/(?P<id>\d+))?' + \ r'(?:[/]?empid/(?P<empid>\d+))?' + \ r'(?:[/]?projid/(?P<projid>\d+))?' + \ r'(?:[/]?datestamp/(?P<datestamp>\d{4,}[-/\.]\d{2,}[-/\.]\d{2,}))?' + \ r'(?:[/]?daterange/(?P<daterange>(?:\d{4,}[-/\.]\d{2,}[-/\.]\d{2,})(?:to|/-)(?:\d{4,}[-/\.]\d{2,}[-/\.]\d{2,})))?' + \ r')+' + \ r'(?:/limit/(?P<limit>(?:first|last)))?' + \ r'(?:/(?P<exact>exact))?$', hours_detail_resource), HANDLERS.PY # inherit from BaseHandler to add the extra functionality i need to process the possibly null URL params class BaseApiHandler(BaseHandler): # keep track of the handler so the data is represented back to me correctly post_name = 'base' # THIS IS THE LIST IN QUESTION - SOMETIMES IT IS GETTING SET TO [0,1] MYSTERIOUSLY # this gets set to a list when the results are to be limited limit = None def has_limit(self): return (isinstance(self.limit, list) and len(self.limit) == 2) def process_kwarg_read(self, key, value, d_post, b_exact): """ this should be overridden in the derived classes to process kwargs """ pass # override 'read' so we can better handle our api's searching capabilities def read(self, request, *args, **kwargs): d_post = {'status':0,'statusmsg':'Nothing Happened'} try: # setup the named response object # select all employees then filter - querysets are lazy in django # the actual query is only done once data is needed, so this may # seem like some memory hog slow beast, but it's actually not. d_post[self.post_name] = self.queryset(request) # this is a string that holds debug information... it's the string I mentioned before pasting this code s_query = '' b_exact = False if 'exact' in kwargs and kwargs['exact'] <> None: b_exact = True s_query = '\'exact\':True,' for key,value in kwargs.iteritems(): # the regex url possibilities will push None into the kwargs dictionary # if not specified, so just continue looping through if that's the case if value == None or key == 'exact': continue # write to the s_query string so we have a nice error message s_query = '%s\'%s\':\'%s\',' % (s_query, key, value) # now process this key/value kwarg self.process_kwarg_read(key=key, value=value, d_post=d_post, b_exact=b_exact) # end of the kwargs for loop else: if self.has_limit(): # THIS SEEMS TO GET HIT SOMETIMES IF YOU CONSTANTLY REFRESH THE API PAGE, EVEN THOUGH # THE LINE IN THE FOR LOOP WHICH UPDATES s_query DOESN'T GET HIS AND THUS self.process_kwarg_read ALSO # DOESN'T GET HIT SO NEITHER DOES limit = [0,1] s_query = '%swith limit[%s,%s](limit,%s),' % (s_query, self.limit[0], self.limit[1], kwargs['limit']) d_post[self.post_name] = d_post[self.post_name][self.limit[0]:self.limit[1]] if d_post[self.post_name].count() == 0: d_post['status'] = 0 d_post['statusmsg'] = '%s not found with query: {%s}' % (self.post_name, s_query) else: d_post['status'] = 1 d_post['statusmsg'] = '%s %s found with query: {%s}' % (d_post[self.post_name].count(), self.post_name, s_query) except: e = sys.exc_info()[1] d_post['status'] = 0 d_post['statusmsg'] = 'error: %s' % e d_post[self.post_name] = [] return d_post class HoursDetailHandler(BaseApiHandler): #allowed_methods = ('GET',) model = HoursDetail exclude = () post_name = 'hours_detail' def process_kwarg_read(self, key, value, d_post, b_exact): if ... # I have several if/elif statements here that check for other things... # 'self.limit =' only shows up in the following elif: elif key == 'limit': order_by = 'clock_time' if value == 'last': order_by = '-clock_time' d_post[self.post_name] = d_post[self.post_name].order_by(order_by) # TO GET HERE, THE ONLY PLACE IN CODE WHERE self.limit IS SET, YOU MUST HAVE GONE THROUGH # THE value == None CHECK???? self.limit = [0, 1] else: raise NameError def read(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # empid is required, so make sure it exists before running BaseApiHandler's read method if not('empid' in kwargs and kwargs['empid'] <> None and kwargs['empid'] >= 0): return {'status':0,'statusmsg':'empid cannot be empty'} else: return BaseApiHandler.read(self, request, *args, **kwargs) Does anyone have a clue how else self.limit might be getting set to [0, 1] ? Am I misunderstanding kwargs or loops or anything in Python?

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• Using RJS to replace innerHTML with a real live instance variable.

  - by Steve Cotner

  I can't for the life of me get RJS to replace an element's innerHTML with an instance variable's attribute, i.e. something like @thing.name I'll show all the code (simplified from the actual project, but still complete), and I hope the solution will be forehead-slap obvious to someone... In RoR, I've made a simple page displaying a random Chinese character. This is a Word object with attributes chinese and english. Clicking on a link titled "What is this?" reveals the english attribute using RJS. Currently, it also hides the "What is this?" link and reveals a "Try Another?" link that just reloads the page, effectively starting over with a new random character. This is fine, but there are other elements on the page that make their own database queries, so I would like to load a new random character by an AJAX call, leaving the rest of the page alone. This has turned out to be harder than I expected: I have no trouble replacing the html using link_remote_to and page.replace_html, but I can't get it to display anything that includes an instance variable. I have a Word resource and a Page resource, which has a home page, where all this fun takes place. In the PagesController, I've made a couple ways to get random words. Either one works fine... Here's the code: class PagesController < ApplicationController def home all_words = Word.find(:all) @random_word = all_words.rand @random_words = Word.find(:all, :limit => 100, :order => 'rand()') @random_first = @random_words[1] end end As an aside, the SQL call with :limit => 100 is just in case I think of some way to cycle through those random words. Right now it's not useful. Also, the 'rand()' is MySQL specific, as far as I know. In the home page view (it's HAML), I have this: #character_box = render(:partial => "character", :object => @random_word) if @random_word #whatisthis = link_to_remote "? what is this?", :url => { :controller => 'words', :action => 'reveal_character' }, :html => { :title => "Click for the translation." } #tryanother.{:style => "display:none"} = link_to "try another?", root_path Note that the #'s in this case represent divs (with the given ids), not comments, because this is HAML. The "character" partial looks like this (it's erb, for no real reason): <div id="character"> <%= "#{@random_word.chinese}" } %> </div> <div id="revealed" style="display:none"> <ul> <li><span id="english"><%= "#{@random_word.english_name}" %></span></li> </ul> </div> The reveal_character.rjs file looks like this: page[:revealed].visual_effect :slide_down, :duration => '.2' page[:english].visual_effect :highlight, :startcolor => "#ffff00", :endcolor => "#ffffff", :duration => '2.5' page.delay(0.8) do page[:whatisthis].visual_effect :fade, :duration => '.3' page[:tryanother].visual_effect :appear end That all works perfectly fine. But if I try to turn link_to "try another?" into link_to_remote, and point it to an RJS template that replaces the "character" element with something new, it only works when I replace the innerHTML with static text. If I try to pass an instance variable in there, it never works. For instance, let's say I've defined a second random word under Pages#home... I'll add @random_second = @random_words[2] there. Then, in the home page view, I'll replace the "try another?" link (previously pointing to the root_path), with this: = link_to_remote "try another?", :url => { :controller => 'words', :action => 'second_character' }, :html => { :title => "Click for a new character." } I'll make that new RJS template, at app/views/words/second_character.rjs, and a simple test like this shows that it's working: page.replace_html("character", "hi") But if I change it to this: page.replace_html("character", "#{@random_second.english}") I get an error saying I fed it a nil object: ActionView::TemplateError (undefined method `english_name' for nil:NilClass) on line #1 of app/views/words/second_character.rjs: 1: page.replace_html("character", "#{@random_second.english}") Of course, actually instantiating @random_second, @random_third and so on ad infinitum would be ridiculous in a real app (I would eventually figure out some better way to keep grabbing a new random record without reloading the page), but the point is that I don't know how to get any instance variable to work here. This is not even approaching my ideal solution of rendering a partial that includes the object I specify, like this: page.replace_html 'character', :partial => 'new_character', :object => @random_second As I can't get an instance variable to work directly, I obviously cannot get it to work via a partial. I have tried various things like: :object => @random_second or :locals => { :random_second => @random_second } I've tried adding these all over the place -- in the link_to_remote options most obviously -- and studying what gets passed in the parameters, but to no avail. It's at this point that I realize I don't know what I'm doing. This is my first question here. I erred on the side of providing all necessary code, rather than being brief. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• C#: Inheritance, Overriding, and Hiding

  - by Rosarch

  I'm having difficulty with an architectural decision for my C# XNA game. The basic entity in the world, such as a tree, zombie, or the player, is represented as a GameObject. Each GameObject is composed of at least a GameObjectController, GameObjectModel, and GameObjectView. These three are enough for simple entities, like inanimate trees or rocks. However, as I try to keep the functionality as factored out as possible, the inheritance begins to feel unwieldy. Syntactically, I'm not even sure how best to accomplish my goals. Here is the GameObjectController: public class GameObjectController { protected GameObjectModel model; protected GameObjectView view; public GameObjectController(GameObjectManager gameObjectManager) { this.gameObjectManager = gameObjectManager; model = new GameObjectModel(this); view = new GameObjectView(this); } public GameObjectManager GameObjectManager { get { return gameObjectManager; } } public virtual GameObjectView View { get { return view; } } public virtual GameObjectModel Model { get { return model; } } public virtual void Update(long tick) { } } I want to specify that each subclass of GameObjectController will have accessible at least a GameObjectView and GameObjectModel. If subclasses are fine using those classes, but perhaps are overriding for a more sophisticated Update() method, I don't want them to have to duplicate the code to produce those dependencies. So, the GameObjectController constructor sets those objects up. However, some objects do want to override the model and view. This is where the trouble comes in. Some objects need to fight, so they are CombatantGameObjects: public class CombatantGameObject : GameObjectController { protected new readonly CombatantGameModel model; public new virtual CombatantGameModel Model { get { return model; } } protected readonly CombatEngine combatEngine; public CombatantGameObject(GameObjectManager gameObjectManager, CombatEngine combatEngine) : base(gameObjectManager) { model = new CombatantGameModel(this); this.combatEngine = combatEngine; } public override void Update(long tick) { if (model.Health <= 0) { gameObjectManager.RemoveFromWorld(this); } base.Update(tick); } } Still pretty simple. Is my use of new to hide instance variables correct? Note that I'm assigning CombatantObjectController.model here, even though GameObjectController.Model was already set. And, combatants don't need any special view functionality, so they leave GameObjectController.View alone. Then I get down to the PlayerController, at which a bug is found. public class PlayerController : CombatantGameObject { private readonly IInputReader inputReader; private new readonly PlayerModel model; public new PlayerModel Model { get { return model; } } private float lastInventoryIndexAt; private float lastThrowAt; public PlayerController(GameObjectManager gameObjectManager, IInputReader inputReader, CombatEngine combatEngine) : base(gameObjectManager, combatEngine) { this.inputReader = inputReader; model = new PlayerModel(this); Model.Health = Constants.PLAYER_HEALTH; } public override void Update(long tick) { if (Model.Health <= 0) { gameObjectManager.RemoveFromWorld(this); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Debug.WriteLine("YOU DEAD SON!!!"); } return; } UpdateFromInput(tick); // .... } } The first time that this line is executed, I get a null reference exception: model.Body.ApplyImpulse(movementImpulse, model.Position); model.Position looks at model.Body, which is null. This is a function that initializes GameObjects before they are deployed into the world: public void Initialize(GameObjectController controller, IDictionary<string, string> data, WorldState worldState) { controller.View.read(data); controller.View.createSpriteAnimations(data, _assets); controller.Model.read(data); SetUpPhysics(controller, worldState, controller.Model.BoundingCircleRadius, Single.Parse(data["x"]), Single.Parse(data["y"]), bool.Parse(data["isBullet"])); } Every object is passed as a GameObjectController. Does that mean that if the object is really a PlayerController, controller.Model will refer to the base's GameObjectModel and not the PlayerController's overriden PlayerObjectModel? In response to rh: This means that now for a PlayerModel p, p.Model is not equivalent to ((CombatantGameObject)p).Model, and also not equivalent to ((GameObjectController)p).Model. That is exactly what I do not want. I want: PlayerController p; p.Model == ((CombatantGameObject)p).Model p.Model == ((GameObjectController)p).Model How can I do this? override?

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• Will these optimizations to my Ruby implementation of diff improve performance in a Rails app?

  - by grg-n-sox

  <tl;dr> In source version control diff patch generation, would it be worth it to use the optimizations listed at the very bottom of this writing (see <optimizations>) in my Ruby implementation of diff for making diff patches? </tl;dr> <introduction> I am programming something I have never done before and there might already be tools out there to do the exact thing I am programming but at this point I am having too much fun to care so I am still going to do it from scratch, even if there is a tool for this. So anyways, I am working on a Ruby on Rails app and need a certain feature. Basically I want each entry in a table of mine, let's say for example a table of video games, to have a stored chunk of text that represents a review or something of the sort for that table entry. However, I want this text to be both editable by any registered user and also keep track of different submissions in a version control system. The simplest solution I could think of is just implement a solution that keeps track of the text body and the diff patch history of different versions of the text body as objects in Ruby and then serialize it, preferably in human readable form (so I'll most likely use YAML for this) for editing if needed due to corruption by a software bug or a mistake is made by an admin doing some version editing. So at first I just tried to dive in head first into this feature to find that the problem of generating a diff patch is more difficult that I thought to do efficiently. So I did some research and came across some ideas. Some I have implemented already and some I have not. However, it all pretty much revolves around the longest common subsequence problem, as you would already know if you have already done anything with diff or diff-like features, and optimization the function that solves it. Currently I have it so it truncates the compared versions of the text body from the beginning and end until non-matching lines are found. Then it solves the problem using a comparison matrix, but instead of incrementing the value stored in a cell when it finds a matching line like in most longest common subsequence algorithms I have seen examples of, I increment when I have a non-matching line so as to calculate edit distance instead of longest common subsequence. Although as far as I can tell between the two approaches, they are essentially two sides of the same coin so either could be used to derive an answer. It then back-traces through the comparison matrix and notes when there was an incrementation and in which adjacent cell (West, Northwest, or North) to determine that line's diff entry and assumes all other lines to be unchanged. Normally I would leave it at that, but since this is going into a Rails environment and not just some stand-alone Ruby script, I started getting worried about needing to optimize at least enough so if a spammer that somehow knew how I implemented the version control system and knew my worst case scenario entry still wouldn't be able to hit the server that bad. After some searching and reading of research papers and articles through the internet, I've come across several that seem decent but all seem to have pros and cons and I am having a hard time deciding how well in this situation that the pros and cons balance out. So are the ones listed here worth it? I have listed them with known pros and cons. </introduction> <optimizations> Chop the compared sequences into multiple chucks of subsequences by splitting where lines are unchanged, and then truncating each section of unchanged lines at the beginning and end of each section. Then solve the edit distance of each subsequence. Pro: Changes the time increase as the changed area gets bigger from a quadratic increase to something more similar to a linear increase. Con: Figuring out where to split already seems like you have to solve edit distance except now you don't care how it is changed. Would be fine if this was solvable by a process closer to solving hamming distance but a single insertion would throw this off. Use a cryptographic hash function to both convert all sequence elements into integers and ensure uniqueness. Then solve the edit distance comparing the hash integers instead of the sequence elements themselves. Pro: The operation of comparing two integers is faster than the operation of comparing two strings, so a slight performance gain is received after every comparison, which can be a lot overall. Con: Using a cryptographic hash function takes time to convert all the sequence elements and may end up costing more time to do the conversion that you gain back from the integer comparisons. You could use the built in hash function for a string but that will not guarantee uniqueness. Use lazy evaluation to only calculate the three center-most diagonals of the comparison matrix and then only calculate additional diagonals as needed. And then also use this approach to possibly remove the need on some comparisons to compare all three adjacent cells as desribed here. Pro: Can turn an algorithm that always takes O(n * m) time and make it so only worst case scenario is that time, best case becomes practically linear, and average case is somewhere between the two. Con: It is an algorithm I've only seen implemented in functional programming languages and I am having a difficult time comprehending how to convert this into Ruby based on how it is described at the site linked to above. Make a C module and do the hard work at the native level in C and just make a Ruby wrapper for it so Ruby can make all the calls to it that it needs. Pro: I have to imagine that evaluating something like this in could be a LOT faster. Con: I have no idea how Rails handles apps with ruby code that has C extensions and it hurts the portability of the app. This is an optimization for after the solving of edit distance, but idea is to store additional combined diffs with the ones produced by each version to make a delta-tree data structure with the most recently made diff as the root node of the tree so getting to any version takes worst case time of O(log n) instead of O(n). Pro: Would make going back to an old version a lot faster. Con: It would mean every new commit, the delta-tree would get a new root node that will cost time to reorganize the delta-tree for an operation that will be carried out a lot more often than going back a version, not to mention the unlikelihood it will be an old version. </optimizations> So are these things worth the effort?

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• Does there exist an "idea checkout system" on the Internet?

  - by TimeSpace Traveller

  Greetings. I would like to ask the following question: is there anything on the Internet like an "idea checkout" system? Situation: I'm a software developer. Since my current job has started 2 years ago, my mentor at that time has pointed me to the open source world. I have only put little time to look at some of the open source projects, let alone any contribution. However, it is my wish to start developing something outside of the work. Well, except a little problem. I don't know what to develop! It is not about the technical knowledge; the problem is that, I am not a creative person. I am very good at analytical thinking, as well as debugging skills. When being told by my work partners to develop a solution, I could get it done without a problem. However, outside of work, I have no idea what to develop. When I look at the Internet, it seems that so many people have already been developing on so many interesting stuff, making me wonder what I could develop, so that I would not reinvent something already existed. That starts to make me wonder. On the Internet, is there anything like an "idea checkout" system or society? For example, some people would throw in as a software idea, and the system would keep it as an "inventory"; later, a potential software developer would "check out" the idea, just a how people would check out a book from the library. Then, the developer would check the "idea" back in, with a certain kind of work-in-progress or developed software, thus becoming an open-source project. I have just noticed that here at stackoverflow, there is a "Project-Ideas" tag, so perhaps that can provide me some ideas on what to develop; still, my wonder is about a system that people would provide ideas, and people would check out ideas to develop / implement into actual solution. Is there such a system or society existing anywhere on the Internet? Any input is welcome! Thank you very much. Update: Thank you for everyone who has answered my question. Certainly, "getting idea" is part of my problem; as a software developer, however, I'm concerned more than just "getting idea". What I am concerned more, as I have commented, is about the existence of such an idea exchanging ecosystem, capable to initiate open-source projects. I'll put an example here. Say, person A has an idea of music search program, but not search by the attributes of the music (composer, singer, publisher, lyrics, etc.); instead, he wants a program (and a database) to search a piece of music by melody. Very often, people only remember a piece of music by its melody, not even the name of the music (e.g. the music he wants was only once heard in a bookstore, but the melody just gets stuck in his head!). In order to find that piece, normally he would just need to blindly search for it, and spent a long time to do so. A search by melody would enable person A to find the piece much quicker. However, he would not want to personally work on it, not just because of the complexity (he is not a musician and/or programmer, knowing almost nothing about music systems in computer, search algorithms, etc.), but also legal issues (RIAA??), thus he would just like to keep the idea at some place, and let other people to work on that. Now, a developer (person B) may be at the same stage as I am right now, wishing to find something to develop, but not having an idea. With the idea exchanging ecosystem, person B will search, and somehow discover person A's music search idea, and feeling interested enough to work on it. So he "checks out" the idea, start working on it (at least a skeleton), and checks back in with the progress. An open-source project starts from here, fulfilling person A's wish, and person B's programming desire. The above is just an example, because there are already such systems exist on the Internet, but it illustrates what I think about the idea exchange system in my mind. My main concern is about idea exchanging ecosystem, not at personal and unorganized level, but at a semi-organized protocol that's specifically for software developers, having actual projects coming out as the fruits. Not about "projects", but about "ideas and product of ideas". Hopefully that would clear up some of the original idea of this question. Any input is welcome; in fact, I would like to hear as many people as possible how everyone thinks about this. Thank you very much!

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• Authoritative sources about Database vs. Flatfile decision

  - by FastAl

  <tldr>looking for a reference to a book or other undeniably authoritative source that gives reasons when you should choose a database vs. when you should choose other storage methods. I have provided an un-authoritative list of reasons about 2/3 of the way down this post.</tldr> I have a situation at my company where a database is being used where it would be better to use another solution (in this case, an auto-generated piece of source code that contains a static lookup table, searched by binary sort). Normally, a database would be an OK solution even though the problem does not require a database, e.g, none of the elements of ACID are needed, as it is read-only data, updated about every 3-5 years (also requiring other sourcecode changes), and fits in memory, and can be keyed into via binary search (a tad faster than db, but speed is not an issue). The problem is that this code runs on our enterprise server, but is shared with several PC platforms (some disconnected, some use a central DB, etc.), and parts of it are managed by multiple programming units, parts by the DBAs, parts even by mathematicians in another department, etc. These hit their own platform’s version of their databases (containing their own copy of the static data). What happens is that every implementation, every little change, something different goes wrong. There are many other issues as well. I can’t even use a flatfile, because one mode of running on our enterprise server does not have permission to read files (only databases, and of course, its own literal storage, e.g., in-source table). Of course, other parts of the system use databases in proper, less obscure manners; there is no problem with those parts. So why don’t we just change it? I don’t have administrative ability to force a change. But I’m affected because sometimes I have to help fix the problems, but mostly because it causes outages and tons of extra IT time by other programmers and d*mmit that makes me mad! The reason neither management, nor the designers of the system, can see the problem is that they propose a solution that won’t work: increase communication; implement more safeguards and standards; etc. But every time, in a different part of the already-pared-down but still multi-step processes, a few different diligent, hard-working, top performing IT personnel make a unique subtle error that causes it to fail, sometimes after the last round of testing! And in general these are not single-person failures, but understandable miscommunications. And communication at our company is actually better than most. People just don't think that's the case because they haven't dug into the matter. However, I have it on very good word from somebody with extensive formal study of sociology and psychology that the relatively small amount of less-than-proper database usage in this gigantic cross-platform multi-source, multi-language project is bureaucratically un-maintainable. Impossible. No chance. At least with Human Beings in the loop, and it can’t be automated. In addition, the management and developers who could change this, though intelligent and capable, don’t understand the rigidity of this ‘how humans are’ issue, and are not convincible on the matter. The reason putting the static data in sourcecode will solve the problem is, although the solution is less sexy than a database, it would function with no technical drawbacks; and since the sharing of sourcecode already works very well, you basically erase any database-related effort from this section of the project, along with all the drawbacks of it that are causing problems. OK, that’s the background, for the curious. I won’t be able to convince management that this is an unfixable sociological problem, and that the real solution is coding around these limits of human nature, just as you would code around a bug in a 3rd party component that you can’t change. So what I have to do is exploit the unsuitableness of the database solution, and not do it using logic, but rather authority. I am aware of many reasons, and posts on this site giving reasons for one over the other; I’m not looking for lists of reasons like these (although you can add a comment if I've miss a doozy): WHY USE A DATABASE? instead of flatfile/other DB vs. file: if you need... Random Read / Transparent search optimization Advanced / varied / customizable Searching and sorting capabilities Transaction/rollback Locks, semaphores Concurrency control / Shared users Security 1-many/m-m is easier Easy modification Scalability Load Balancing Random updates / inserts / deletes Advanced query Administrative control of design, etc. SQL / learning curve Debugging / Logging Centralized / Live Backup capabilities Cached queries / dvlp & cache execution plans Interleaved update/read Referential integrity, avoid redundant/missing/corrupt/out-of-sync data Reporting (from on olap or oltp db) / turnkey generation tools [Disadvantages:] Important to get right the first time - professional design - but only b/c it's meant to last s/w & h/w cost Usu. over a network, speed issue (best vs. best design vs. local=even then a separate process req's marshalling/netwk layers/inter-p comm) indicies and query processing can stand in the way of simple processing (vs. flatfile) WHY USE FLATFILE: If you only need... Sequential Row processing only Limited usage append only (no reading, no master key/update) Only Update the record you're reading (fixed length recs only) Too big to fit into memory If Local disk / read-ahead network connection Portability / small system Email / cut & Paste / store as document by novice - simple format Low design learning curve but high cost later WHY USE IN-MEMORY/TABLE (tables, arrays, etc.): if you need... Processing a single db/ff record that was imported Known size of data Static data if hardcoding the table Narrow, unchanging use (e.g., one program or proc) -includes a class that will be shared, but encapsulates its data manipulation Extreme speed needed / high transaction frequency Random access - but search is dependent on implementation Following are some other posts about the topic: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1499239/database-vs-flat-text-file-what-are-some-technical-reasons-for-choosing-one-over http://stackoverflow.com/questions/332825/are-flat-file-databases-any-good http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2356851/database-vs-flat-files http://stackoverflow.com/questions/514455/databases-vs-plain-text/514530 What I’d like to know is if anybody could recommend a hard, authoritative source containing these reasons. I’m looking for a paper book I can buy, or a reputable website with whitepapers about the issue (e.g., Microsoft, IBM), not counting the user-generated content on those sites. This will have a greater change to elicit a change that I’m looking for: less wasted programmer time, and more reliable programs. Thanks very much for your help. You win a prize for reading such a large post!

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• Nginx 500 Internal Server error on subdirectory

  - by juyoung518

  I'm getting a 500 Internal Server error only on sub directories. For example, If my website is example.com, example.com/index.php works. But example.com/phpbb/index.php doesn't work. It just turns up a blank php page. The HTTP header shows HTTP error 500 Internal Server error. If I enter example.com/phpbb/index.php/somedirectory, the index.php of my root directory shows up. This is all very strange. I have tried searching etc but nothing worked. tried re-installing nginx but not fixed. I'm sure I got the DNS configured right. My Nginx Config /sites-available/example.com server { server_name www.example.com; return 301 https://example.com$request_uri; } server { listen 443; listen 80; #listen 80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied #listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6 root /var/www/example.com/public_html; index index.html index.php index.htm; ssl on; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/ssl.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:DH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:DH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+AES:ECDH+3DES:DH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!MD5:!DSS; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_stapling on; resolver 8.8.8.8; add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=63072000; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ server_name example.com; location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js|bmp)$ { expires 365d; add_header Cache-Control public; } if ($scheme = http) { return 301 https://example.com$request_uri; } location / { # First attempt to serve request as file, then # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404. try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules } if ($http_user_agent ~ (musobot|screenshot|AhrefsBot|picsearch|Gender|HostTracker|Java/1.7.0_51|Java) ) { return 403; } location /phpmyadmin { root /usr/share/; index index.php index.html index.htm; location ~ ^/phpmyadmin/(.+\.php)$ { try_files $uri =404; root /usr/share/; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; } location ~* ^/phpmyadmin/(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|html|xml|txt))$ { root /usr/share/; } } location /phpMyAdmin { rewrite ^/* /phpmyadmin last; } location /doc/ { alias /usr/share/doc/; autoindex on; allow 127.0.0.1; allow ::1; deny all; } # Only for nginx-naxsi used with nginx-naxsi-ui : process denied requests #location /RequestDenied { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; #} #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/www; } # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini # With php5-cgi alone: fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # With php5-fpm: #fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 256 16k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_read_timeout 240; # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } } nginx.conf user www-data; worker_processes 1; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## Block spammers and other unwanted visitors ## include /etc/nginx/blockips.conf; fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=microcache:10m max_size=1000m inactive=60m; ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 100; types_hash_max_size 2048; server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log off; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 10m; ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:DH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:DH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+AES:ECDH+3DES:DH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!MD5:!DSS; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ## # File Cache Settings ## open_file_cache max=5000 inactive=5m; open_file_cache_valid 2m; open_file_cache_min_uses 1; open_file_cache_errors on; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_buffers 16 8k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain text/x-js text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 network adapter stops working, requires hard reboot

  - by Geoff Dalgas

  TL;DR version: Turns out this was a Windows Server 2008 R2 kernel networking bug. After siccing Microsoft support on it, we (eventually) got an unpublished kernel hotfix from Microsoft to address it. If you, too, are experiencing mysterious low-level network driver failures requiring a reboot/bluescreen cycle, you might want that hotfix (or maybe Service Pack 1 whenever it is released, too.) We have been using HAProxy along with heartbeat from the Linux-HA project. We are using two linux instances to provide a failover. Each server has with their own public IP and a single IP which is shared between the two using a virtual interface (eth1:1) at IP: 69.59.196.211 The virtual interface (eth1:1) IP 69.59.196.211 is configured as the gateway for the windows servers behind them and we use ip_forwarding to route traffic. We are experiencing an occasional network outage on one of our windows servers behind our linux gateways. HAProxy will detect the server is offline which we can verify by remoting to the failed server and attempting to ping the gateway: Pinging 69.59.196.211 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 69.59.196.220: Destination host unreachable. Running arp -a on this failed server shows that there is no entry for the gateway address (69.59.196.211): Interface: 69.59.196.220 --- 0xa Internet Address Physical Address Type 69.59.196.161 00-26-88-63-c7-80 dynamic 69.59.196.210 00-15-5d-0a-3e-0e dynamic 69.59.196.212 00-21-5e-4d-45-c9 dynamic 69.59.196.213 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.215 00-21-5e-4d-61-1a dynamic 69.59.196.217 00-21-5e-4d-2c-e8 dynamic 69.59.196.219 00-21-5e-4d-38-e5 dynamic 69.59.196.221 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.222 00-15-5d-0a-3e-09 dynamic 69.59.196.223 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 225.0.0.1 01-00-5e-00-00-01 static On our linux gateway instances arp -a shows: peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at <incomplete> on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-222.peak.org (69.59.196.222) at 00:15:5d:0a:3e:09 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 Why would arp occasionally set the entry for this failed server as <incomplete>? Should we be defining our arp entries statically? I've always left arp alone since it works 99% of the time, but in this one instance it appears to be failing. Are there any additional troubleshooting steps we can take help resolve this issue? THINGS WE HAVE TRIED I added a static arp entry for testing on one of the linux gateways which still didn't help. root@haproxy2:~# arp -a peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-221.peak.org (69.59.196.221) at 00:15:5d:00:b2:0d [ether] on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d [ether] PERM on eth1 root@haproxy2:~# arp -i eth1 -s 69.59.196.220 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d root@haproxy2:~# ping 69.59.196.220 PING 69.59.196.220 (69.59.196.220) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 69.59.196.220 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 6006ms Rebooting the windows web server solves this issue temporarily with no other changes to the network but our experience shows this issue will come back. Swapping network cards and switches I noticed the link light on the port of the switch for the failed windows server was running at 100Mb instead of 1Gb on the failed interface. I moved the cable to several other open ports and the link indicated 100Mb for each port that I tried. I also swapped the cable with the same result. I tried changing the properties of the network card in windows and the server locked up and required a hard reset after clicking apply. This windows server has two physical network interfaces so I have swapped the cables and network settings on the two interfaces to see if the problem follows the interface. If the public interface goes down again we will know that it is not an issue with the network card. (We also tried another switch we have on hand, no change) Changing network hardware driver versions We've had the same problem with the latest Broadcom driver, as well as the built-in driver that ships in Windows Server 2008 R2. Replacing network cables As a last ditch effort we remembered another change that occurred was the replacement of all of the patch cords between our servers / switch. We had purchased two sets, one green of lengths 1ft - 3ft for the private interfaces and another set of red cables for the public interfaces. We swapped out all of the public interface patch cables with a different brand and ran our servers without issue for a full week ... aaaaaand then the problem recurred. Disable checksum offload, remove TProxy We also tried disabling TCP/IP checksum offload in the driver, no change. We're now pulling out TProxy and moving to a more traditional x-forwarded-for network arrangement without any fancy IP address rewriting. We'll see if that helps. Switch Virtualization providers On the off chance this was related to Hyper-V in some way (we do host Linux VMs on it), we switched to VMWare Server. No change. Switch host model We've reached the end of our troubleshooting rope and are now formally involving Microsoft support. They recommended changing the host model: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_model http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2007.09.cableguy.aspx We did that, and.. we'll see.

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• How do I prove I should put a table of values in source code instead of a database table?

  - by FastAl

  <tldr>looking for a reference to a book or other undeniably authoritative source that gives reasons when you should choose a database vs. when you should choose other storage methods. I have provided an un-authoritative list of reasons about 2/3 of the way down this post.</tldr> I have a situation at my company where a database is being used where it would be better to use another solution (in this case, an auto-generated piece of source code that contains a static lookup table, searched by binary sort). Normally, a database would be an OK solution even though the problem does not require a database, e.g, none of the elements of ACID are needed, as it is read-only data, updated about every 3-5 years (also requiring other sourcecode changes), and fits in memory, and can be keyed into via binary search (a tad faster than db, but speed is not an issue). The problem is that this code runs on our enterprise server, but is shared with several PC platforms (some disconnected, some use a central DB, etc.), and parts of it are managed by multiple programming units, parts by the DBAs, parts even by mathematicians in another department, etc. These hit their own platform’s version of their databases (containing their own copy of the static data). What happens is that every implementation, every little change, something different goes wrong. There are many other issues as well. I can’t even use a flatfile, because one mode of running on our enterprise server does not have permission to read files (only databases, and of course, its own literal storage, e.g., in-source table). Of course, other parts of the system use databases in proper, less obscure manners; there is no problem with those parts. So why don’t we just change it? I don’t have administrative ability to force a change. But I’m affected because sometimes I have to help fix the problems, but mostly because it causes outages and tons of extra IT time by other programmers and d*mmit that makes me mad! The reason neither management, nor the designers of the system, can see the problem is that they propose a solution that won’t work: increase communication; implement more safeguards and standards; etc. But every time, in a different part of the already-pared-down but still multi-step processes, a few different diligent, hard-working, top performing IT personnel make a unique subtle error that causes it to fail, sometimes after the last round of testing! And in general these are not single-person failures, but understandable miscommunications. And communication at our company is actually better than most. People just don't think that's the case because they haven't dug into the matter. However, I have it on very good word from somebody with extensive formal study of sociology and psychology that the relatively small amount of less-than-proper database usage in this gigantic cross-platform multi-source, multi-language project is bureaucratically un-maintainable. Impossible. No chance. At least with Human Beings in the loop, and it can’t be automated. In addition, the management and developers who could change this, though intelligent and capable, don’t understand the rigidity of this ‘how humans are’ issue, and are not convincible on the matter. The reason putting the static data in sourcecode will solve the problem is, although the solution is less sexy than a database, it would function with no technical drawbacks; and since the sharing of sourcecode already works very well, you basically erase any database-related effort from this section of the project, along with all the drawbacks of it that are causing problems. OK, that’s the background, for the curious. I won’t be able to convince management that this is an unfixable sociological problem, and that the real solution is coding around these limits of human nature, just as you would code around a bug in a 3rd party component that you can’t change. So what I have to do is exploit the unsuitableness of the database solution, and not do it using logic, but rather authority. I am aware of many reasons, and posts on this site giving reasons for one over the other; I’m not looking for lists of reasons like these (although you can add a comment if I've miss a doozy): WHY USE A DATABASE? instead of flatfile/other DB vs. file: if you need... Random Read / Transparent search optimization Advanced / varied / customizable Searching and sorting capabilities Transaction/rollback Locks, semaphores Concurrency control / Shared users Security 1-many/m-m is easier Easy modification Scalability Load Balancing Random updates / inserts / deletes Advanced query Administrative control of design, etc. SQL / learning curve Debugging / Logging Centralized / Live Backup capabilities Cached queries / dvlp & cache execution plans Interleaved update/read Referential integrity, avoid redundant/missing/corrupt/out-of-sync data Reporting (from on olap or oltp db) / turnkey generation tools [Disadvantages:] Important to get right the first time - professional design - but only b/c it's meant to last s/w & h/w cost Usu. over a network, speed issue (best vs. best design vs. local=even then a separate process req's marshalling/netwk layers/inter-p comm) indicies and query processing can stand in the way of simple processing (vs. flatfile) WHY USE FLATFILE: If you only need... Sequential Row processing only Limited usage append only (no reading, no master key/update) Only Update the record you're reading (fixed length recs only) Too big to fit into memory If Local disk / read-ahead network connection Portability / small system Email / cut & Paste / store as document by novice - simple format Low design learning curve but high cost later WHY USE IN-MEMORY/TABLE (tables, arrays, etc.): if you need... Processing a single db/ff record that was imported Known size of data Static data if hardcoding the table Narrow, unchanging use (e.g., one program or proc) -includes a class that will be shared, but encapsulates its data manipulation Extreme speed needed / high transaction frequency Random access - but search is dependent on implementation Following are some other posts about the topic: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1499239/database-vs-flat-text-file-what-are-some-technical-reasons-for-choosing-one-over http://stackoverflow.com/questions/332825/are-flat-file-databases-any-good http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2356851/database-vs-flat-files http://stackoverflow.com/questions/514455/databases-vs-plain-text/514530 What I’d like to know is if anybody could recommend a hard, authoritative source containing these reasons. I’m looking for a paper book I can buy, or a reputable website with whitepapers about the issue (e.g., Microsoft, IBM), not counting the user-generated content on those sites. This will have a greater change to elicit a change that I’m looking for: less wasted programmer time, and more reliable programs. Thanks very much for your help. You win a prize for reading such a large post!

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• PHP: Strange behaviour while calling custom php functions

  - by baltusaj

  I am facing a strange behavior while coding in PHP with Flex. Let me explain the situation: I have two funcions lets say: populateTable() //puts some data in a table made with flex createXML() //creates an xml file which is used by Fusion Charts to create a chart Now, if i call populateTable() alone, the table gets populated with data but if i call it with createXML(), the table doesn't get populated but createXML() does it's work i.e. creates an xml file. Even if i run following code, only xml file gets generated but table remains empty whereas i called populateTable() before createXML(). Any idea what may be going wrong? MXML Part <mx:HTTPService id="userRequest" url="request.php" method="POST" resultFormat="e4x"> <mx:request xmlns=""> <getResult>send</getResult> </mx:request> and <mx:DataGrid id="dgUserRequest" dataProvider="{userRequest.lastResult.user}" x="28.5" y="36" width="525" height="250" > <mx:columns> <mx:DataGridColumn headerText="No." dataField="no" /> <mx:DataGridColumn headerText="Name" dataField="name"/> <mx:DataGridColumn headerText="Age" dataField="age"/> </mx:columns> PHP Part <?php //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- function initialize($username,$password,$database) //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- { # Connect to the database $link = mysql_connect("localhost", $username,$password); if (!$link) { die('Could not connected to the database : ' . mysql_error()); } # Select the database $db_selected = mysql_select_db($database, $link); if (!$db_selected) { die ('Could not select the DB : ' . mysql_error()); } // populateTable(); createXML(); # Close database connection } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- populateTable() //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- { if($_POST['getResult'] == 'send') { $Result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM session" ); $Return = "<Users>"; $no = 1; while ( $row = mysql_fetch_object( $Result ) ) { $Return .= "<user><no>".$no."</no><name>".$row->name."</name><age>".$row->age."</age><salary>". $row->salary."</salary></session>"; $no=$no+1; $Return .= "</Users>"; mysql_free_result( $Result ); print ($Return); } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- createXML() //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- { $users=array ( "0"=>array("",0), "1"=>array("Obama",0), "2"=>array("Zardari",0), "3"=>array("Imran Khan",0), "4"=>array("Ahmadenijad",0) ); $selectedUsers=array(1,4); //this means only obama and ahmadenijad are selected and the xml file will contain info related to them only //Extracting salaries of selected users $size=count($users); for($i = 0; $i<$size; $i++) { //initialize temp which will calculate total throughput for each protocol separately $salary = 0; $result = mysql_query("SELECT salary FROM userInfo where name='$users[$selectedUsers[$i]][0]'"); $row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) $salary = $row['salary']; } $users[$selectedUsers[$i]][1]=$salary; } //creating XML string $chartContent = "<chart caption=\"Users Vs Salaries\" formatNumberScale=\"0\" pieSliceDepth=\"30\" startingAngle=\"125\">"; for($i=0;$i<$size;$i++) { $chartContent .= "<set label=\"".$users[$selectedUsers[$i]][0]."\" value=\"".$users[$selectedUsers[$i]][1]."\"/>"; } $chartContent .= "<styles>" . "<definition>" . "<style type=\"font\" name=\"CaptionFont\" size=\"16\" color=\"666666\"/>" . "<style type=\"font\" name=\"SubCaptionFont\" bold=\"0\"/>" . "</definition>" . "<application>" . "<apply toObject=\"caption\" styles=\"CaptionFont\"/>" . "<apply toObject=\"SubCaption\" styles=\"SubCaptionFont\"/>" . "</application>" . "</styles>" . "</chart>"; $file_handle = fopen('ChartData.xml','w'); fwrite($file_handle,$chartContent); fclose($file_handle); } initialize("root","","hiddenpeak"); ?>

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• How to find an entry-level job after you already have a graduate degree?

  - by Uri

  Note: I asked this question in early 2009. A couple of months later, I found a great job. I've previously updated this question with some tips for whoever ends up in a similar situation, and now cleaned it up a little for the benefit of the fresh batch of graduates. Original post: In my early 20s I abandoned a great C++ development career path in a major company to go to graduate school and get a research masters (3 years). I did another year in industrial research, and then moved to the US to attend graduate school again, getting another masters and a Ph.D in software engineering from a top school (another 6 years down the drain). I was coding the whole way throughout my degrees (core Java and Eclipse plug-ins) and working on research related to software engineering (usability of APIs). I ended up graduating the year of the recession, with a son on the way and the prospects of no healthcare. Academic jobs and industrial research jobs are quite scarce. Initially, I was naive, thinking that with my background, I could easily find a coding job. Big mistake. It turns out that I'm in a complicated position. Entry level positions are usually offered to college undergraduates. I attended my school's career fairs, but you could immediately see signs of Ph.D. aversion and overqualification issues. Some of the recruiters I spoke with explicitly told me that they wanted 20 year olds with clean slates, and some were looking for interns since they are in various forms of hiring freezes. I managed to get a couple of interviews from these career fairs and through recruiters. However, since I've been out of school for a long time and programming primarily in Java, I am also no longer proficient in C/C++ and the usual range of college-level interview questions that everyone uses. I had no problems with this when I was 19 and interviewing for my first job since a lot of what you do in C is manipulate pointers and I was coding C++ for fun and for school. Later I was routinely doing pointer manipulation on the job, and during my first masters taught college courses with data structures and C++. But even though I remember many properties of C++ well, it's been close to ten years since I regularly used C++ and pointers. As a Java developer I rarely had to work at this level, but experience in OOD and in writing good maintainable code is meaningless for C++ interviews. Reading books as a refresh and looking at sample code did not do the trick. I also looked at mid-to-senior level Java positions, but most of them focused on J2EE APIs rather than on core Java and required a certain number of years in industrial positions. Coding research tools and prior C++ experience doesn't count. So that sends me back to entry-level jobs that are posted through job-boards, and these are not common (mostly they are Monster junk), and small companies are even less likely to answer a Ph.D. compared to the giants who participate in top-10 career fairs. Even worse, in many companies initial screening is done by HR folks who really don't want to deal with anything anomalous like a Ph.D. Any tips on how I should approach this intractable position? For example, what should I write in cover letters? Note that while immigration is not an issue for me, I cannot go freelance as I need the benefits (and in particular group health insurance). During my studies I had no time to contribute to open-source projects or maintain a popular blog, so even if I invested in that now there would be no immediate benefit. Updates: In the two months after posting this I received several offers to work as a core Java developer in the financial industry and accepted one from a firm where I am working to this day. For those who find themselves in similar situations, here are my tips: Give up on trying to find an entry level positions. You can't undo time. Accept the fact that there is Ph.D. discrimination in the job market (some might say rightfully so). It is legal to discriminate based on education. No point fighting it. The most important tip is to focus on the language you are comfortable with. The sad truth about programming in a particular language is that it is not like riding a bike. If you haven't used a language in the last few years, and can't actually apply it routinely (not just as a refresher) before you start your search, it is going to be very difficult to do well in an interview. Now that I'm interviewing others, I routinely see it in folks with a mixed C++/Java background. We maintain "a shadow" of the old language but end up with a weird mix that makes it hard to interview on either. Entry-level folks are at an advantage here since they usually have one language. Memory can help you do great in a screening interview, but without recent day-to-day experience, code tests will be difficult. Despite the supposed relation, core Java programming and J2EE programming are two different things with different skillsets. If you come from academia, you likely have very little J2EE experience and may find it hard to get accepted for a J2EE job. J2EE jobs seem to have a larger list of acronyms in their requirements. In addition, from interviewing J2EE developers it seems that for many there is a focus on mastering specific APIs and architectures, whereas core Java development tends to be secondary. In the same way that I can no longer manipulate pointers well, a J2EE developer may have difficulties doing low level Java manipulation. This puts you at a relative advantage in competing for core Java jobs! If you are able to work for startups (in terms of family life and stability) or migrate to startup-rich areas such as the west coast, you can find many exciting opportunities where advanced degrees are a benefit. I've since been approached by several startups, although I had to decline. Work through a recruiter if possible. They have direct contacts with the hiring parties, allowing you to "stand out". It is better to get a clear yes/no confirmation from a recruiter on whether a company might be interested in interviewing you, than it is to send your resume and hope that someone will ever see it. Recruiters are also a great way of bypassing HR. However, also beware of recruiters. They have a vested interest and will go to various shady practices and pressure tactics. To find a good recruiter, talk to a friend who declined a job offer he got through a recruiter. A good recruiter, to me, is measured in how they handle that. Interview for the jobs that require your core strength. If you're rusty or entirely unfamiliar with a technology around which the job revolves, you're probably not a good match. Yes, you probably have the talent to master them, but most companies would want "instant gratification". I got my offers from companies that wanted core Java developer. I didn't do well on places that wanted advance C++ because I am too rusty and not up to date on recent libraries. I also didn't hear from companies that wanted lots of J2EE experience, and that's ok. Finding companies that want core Java without web is harder, but exists in specific industries (e.g., finance, defense). This requires a lot more legwork in terms of search, but these jobs do exist. There are different interview styles. Some companies focus on puzzles, some companies focus on algorithms, and some companies focus on design and coding skills. I had the most success in places where the questions were the most related to the function I would have been performing. Pick companies accordingly as well.

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• How to implement Cocoa copyWithZone on derived object in MonoMac C#?

  - by Justin Aquadro

  I'm currently porting a small Winforms-based .NET application to use a native Mac front-end with MonoMac. The application has a TreeControl with icons and text, which does not exist out of the box in Cocoa. So far, I've ported almost all of the ImageAndTextCell code in Apple's DragNDrop example: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#samplecode/DragNDropOutlineView/Listings/ImageAndTextCell_m.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS40008831-ImageAndTextCell_m-DontLinkElementID_6, which is assigned to an NSOutlineView as a custom cell. It seems to be working almost perfectly, except that I have not figured out how to properly port the copyWithZone method. Unfortunately, this means the internal copies that NSOutlineView is making do not have the image field, and it leads to the images briefly vanishing during expand and collapse operations. The objective-c code in question is: - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { ImageAndTextCell *cell = (ImageAndTextCell *)[super copyWithZone:zone]; // The image ivar will be directly copied; we need to retain or copy it. cell->image = [image retain]; return cell; } The first line is what's tripping me up, as MonoMac does not expose a copyWithZone method, and I don't know how to otherwise call it. Update Based on current answers and additional research and testing, I've come up with a variety of models for copying an object. static List<ImageAndTextCell> _refPool = new List<ImageAndTextCell>(); // Method 1 static IntPtr selRetain = Selector.GetHandle ("retain"); [Export("copyWithZone:")] public virtual NSObject CopyWithZone(IntPtr zone) { ImageAndTextCell cell = new ImageAndTextCell() { Title = Title, Image = Image, }; Messaging.void_objc_msgSend (cell.Handle, selRetain); return cell; } // Method 2 [Export("copyWithZone:")] public virtual NSObject CopyWithZone(IntPtr zone) { ImageAndTextCell cell = new ImageAndTextCell() { Title = Title, Image = Image, }; _refPool.Add(cell); return cell; } [Export("dealloc")] public void Dealloc () { _refPool.Remove(this); this.Dispose(); } // Method 3 static IntPtr selRetain = Selector.GetHandle ("retain"); [Export("copyWithZone:")] public virtual NSObject CopyWithZone(IntPtr zone) { ImageAndTextCell cell = new ImageAndTextCell() { Title = Title, Image = Image, }; _refPool.Add(cell); Messaging.void_objc_msgSend (cell.Handle, selRetain); return cell; } // Method 4 static IntPtr selRetain = Selector.GetHandle ("retain"); static IntPtr selRetainCount = Selector.GetHandle("retainCount"); [Export("copyWithZone:")] public virtual NSObject CopyWithZone (IntPtr zone) { ImageAndTextCell cell = new ImageAndTextCell () { Title = Title, Image = Image, }; _refPool.Add (cell); Messaging.void_objc_msgSend (cell.Handle, selRetain); return cell; } public void PeriodicCleanup () { List<ImageAndTextCell> markedForDelete = new List<ImageAndTextCell> (); foreach (ImageAndTextCell cell in _refPool) { uint count = Messaging.UInt32_objc_msgSend (cell.Handle, selRetainCount); if (count == 1) markedForDelete.Add (cell); } foreach (ImageAndTextCell cell in markedForDelete) { _refPool.Remove (cell); cell.Dispose (); } } // Method 5 static IntPtr selCopyWithZone = Selector.GetHandle("copyWithZone:"); [Export("copyWithZone:")] public virtual NSObject CopyWithZone(IntPtr zone) { IntPtr copyHandle = Messaging.IntPtr_objc_msgSendSuper_IntPtr(SuperHandle, selCopyWithZone, zone); ImageAndTextCell cell = new ImageAndTextCell(copyHandle) { Image = Image, }; _refPool.Add(cell); return cell; } Method 1: Increases the retain count of the unmanaged object. The unmanaged object will persist persist forever (I think? dealloc never called), and the managed object will be harvested early. Seems to be lose-lose all-around, but runs in practice. Method 2: Saves a reference of the managed object. The unmanaged object is left alone, and dealloc appears to be invoked at a reasonable time by the caller. At this point the managed object is released and disposed. This seems reasonable, but on the downside the base type's dealloc won't be run (I think?) Method 3: Increases the retain count and saves a reference. Unmanaged and managed objects leak forever. Method 4: Extends Method 3 by adding a cleanup function that is run periodically (e.g. during Init of each new ImageAndTextCell object). The cleanup function checks the retain counts of the stored objects. A retain count of 1 means the caller has released it, so we should as well. Should eliminate leaking in theory. Method 5: Attempt to invoke the copyWithZone method on the base type, and then construct a new ImageAndTextView object with the resulting handle. Seems to do the right thing (the base data is cloned). Internally, NSObject bumps the retain count on objects constructed like this, so we also use the PeriodicCleanup function to release these objects when they're no longer used. Based on the above, I believe Method 5 is the best approach since it should be the only one that results in a truly correct copy of the base type data, but I don't know if the approach is inherently dangerous (I am also making some assumptions about the underlying implementation of NSObject). So far nothing bad has happened "yet", but if anyone is able to vet my analysis then I would be more confident going forward.

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