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• Problems Mapping a List of Serializable Objets with JDO

  - by Sergio del Amo

  I have two classes Invoice and InvoiceItem. I would like Invoice to have a List of InvoiceItem Objets. I have red that the list must be of primitive or serializable objects. I have made InvoiceItem Serializable. Invoice.java looks like import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import javax.jdo.annotations.Column; import javax.jdo.annotations.Embedded; import javax.jdo.annotations.EmbeddedOnly; import javax.jdo.annotations.IdGeneratorStrategy; import javax.jdo.annotations.IdentityType; import javax.jdo.annotations.PersistenceCapable; import javax.jdo.annotations.Persistent; import javax.jdo.annotations.Element; import javax.jdo.annotations.PrimaryKey; import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Key; import com.softamo.pelicamo.shared.InvoiceCompanyDTO; @PersistenceCapable(identityType = IdentityType.APPLICATION) public class Invoice { @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) private Long id; @Persistent private String number; @Persistent private Date date; @Persistent private List<InvoiceItem> items = new ArrayList<InvoiceItem>(); public Invoice() {} public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;} public String getNumber() { return number;} public void setNumber(String invoiceNumber) { this.number = invoiceNumber;} public Date getDate() { return date;} public void setDate(Date invoiceDate) { this.date = invoiceDate;} public List<InvoiceItem> getItems() { return items;} public void setItems(List<InvoiceItem> items) { this.items = items;} } and InvoiceItem.java looks like import java.io.Serializable; import java.math.BigDecimal; import javax.jdo.annotations.PersistenceCapable; import javax.jdo.annotations.Persistent; @PersistenceCapable public class InvoiceItem implements Serializable { @Persistent private BigDecimal amount; @Persistent private float quantity; public InvoiceItem() {} public BigDecimal getAmount() { return amount;} public void setAmount(BigDecimal amount) { this.amount = amount;} public float getQuantity() { return quantity;} public void setQuantity(float quantity) { this.quantity = quantity;} } I get the next error while running a JUnit test. javax.jdo.JDOUserException: Attempt to handle persistence for object using datastore-identity yet StoreManager for this datastore doesn't support that identity type at org.datanucleus.jdo.NucleusJDOHelper.getJDOExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJDOHelper.java:375) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:674) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.makePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:694) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.InvoiceStore.add(InvoiceStore.java:23) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.PopulateStorage.storeInvoices(PopulateStorage.java:58) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.PopulateStorage.run(PopulateStorage.java:46) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.InvoiceStoreTest.setUp(InvoiceStoreTest.java:44) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:46) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) NestedThrowablesStackTrace: Attempt to handle persistence for object using datastore-identity yet StoreManager for this datastore doesn't support that identity type org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusUserException: Attempt to handle persistence for object using datastore-identity yet StoreManager for this datastore doesn't support that identity type at org.datanucleus.state.AbstractStateManager.<init>(AbstractStateManager.java:128) at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManagerImpl.<init>(JDOStateManagerImpl.java:215) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOAdapter.newStateManager(JDOAdapter.java:119) at org.datanucleus.state.StateManagerFactory.newStateManagerForPersistentNew(StateManagerFactory.java:150) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.persistObjectInternal(ObjectManagerImpl.java:1297) at org.datanucleus.sco.SCOUtils.validateObjectForWriting(SCOUtils.java:1476) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.scostore.ElementContainerStore.validateElementForWriting(ElementContainerStore.java:380) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.scostore.FKListStore.validateElementForWriting(FKListStore.java:609) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.scostore.FKListStore.internalAdd(FKListStore.java:344) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreFKListStore.internalAdd(DatastoreFKListStore.java:146) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.scostore.AbstractListStore.addAll(AbstractListStore.java:128) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.mapping.CollectionMapping.postInsert(CollectionMapping.java:157) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreRelationFieldManager.runPostInsertMappingCallbacks(DatastoreRelationFieldManager.java:216) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreRelationFieldManager.access$200(DatastoreRelationFieldManager.java:47) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreRelationFieldManager$1.apply(DatastoreRelationFieldManager.java:115) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreRelationFieldManager.storeRelations(DatastoreRelationFieldManager.java:80) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreFieldManager.storeRelations(DatastoreFieldManager.java:955) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastorePersistenceHandler.storeRelations(DatastorePersistenceHandler.java:527) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastorePersistenceHandler.insertPostProcess(DatastorePersistenceHandler.java:299) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastorePersistenceHandler.insertObjects(DatastorePersistenceHandler.java:251) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastorePersistenceHandler.insertObject(DatastorePersistenceHandler.java:235) at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManagerImpl.internalMakePersistent(JDOStateManagerImpl.java:3185) at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManagerImpl.makePersistent(JDOStateManagerImpl.java:3161) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.persistObjectInternal(ObjectManagerImpl.java:1298) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.persistObject(ObjectManagerImpl.java:1175) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:669) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.makePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:694) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.InvoiceStore.add(InvoiceStore.java:23) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.PopulateStorage.storeInvoices(PopulateStorage.java:58) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.PopulateStorage.run(PopulateStorage.java:46) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.InvoiceStoreTest.setUp(InvoiceStoreTest.java:44) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:46) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) Moreover, when I try to store an invoice with a list of items through my app. In the development console I can see that items are not persisted to any field while the rest of the invoice class properties are stored properly. Does anyone know what I am doing wrong? Solution As pointed in the answers, the error says that the InvoiceItem class was missing a primaryKey. I tried with: @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) private Long id; But I was getting javax.jdo.JDOFatalUserException: Error in meta-data for InvoiceItem.id: Cannot have a java.lang.Long primary key and be a child object (owning field is Invoice.items). In persist list of objets, @aldrin pointed that For child classes the primary key has to be a com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Key value (or encoded as a string) see So, I tried with Key. It worked. @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) private Key id;

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• How to Load a VRML model on PaperVision3d?

  - by DomingoSL

  Hello, im very new at papervision3d, i know in order to display a .DAE model i use this import flash.events.Event; import org.papervision3d.objects.parsers.DAE; [SWF(width=640, height=480, backgroundColor=0x808080, frameRate=30)] public class Earth extends PV3DARApp { private var _earth:DAE; public function Earth() { addEventListener(Event.INIT, _onInit); init('Data/camera_para.dat', 'Data/flarlogo.pat'); } private function _onInit(e:Event):void { _earth = new DAE(); _earth.load('model/amorfo.dae'); But how can i do in order to use VRML models (.WRL). Thanks.

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• IIS 7.5 powershell module usage issues

  - by pmcgrath

  Has anyone managed to use this module with success, i'm running 32bit Windows 7, where i have opened an administrator shell using run as administrator, i have imported the WebAdministration module and then attempted to use the commands with some issues, have provided two examples here Websites I created a web site with the following command new-website -name testsite -port 80 -hostheader testsite -physicalpath c:\temp Then i attempted to get the sites details using the command get-website -name testsite but it always returns all sites, seems to ignore the -name parameter. Only way i can get the site is using a filter get-website | ? { $_.name -eq 'testsite' } | get-member When i use appcmd it works as expected using the following command C:\> C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list site testsite AppPools When i try to list the apppools using the following command dir iis:\apppools i get the following error Get-ChildItem : Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)) Yet when i use appcmd as follows i get all the apppools as expected without any error C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe list apppool Has anyone successfully managed to use the WebAdministration module ? Thanks in advance Pat

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• Using PHP to place database rows into an array?

  - by Hamed Szilazi

  I was just wondering how i would be able to code perform an SQL query and then place each row into a new array, for example, lets say a table looked like the following: $people= mysql_query("SELECT * FROM friends") Output: | ID | Name | Age | --1----tom----32 --2----dan----22 --3----pat----52 --4----nik----32 --5----dre----65 How could i create a multidimensional array that works in the following way, the first rows second column data could be accessed using $people[0][1] and fifth rows third column could be accessed using $people[4][2]. How would i go about constructing this type of array? Sorry if this is a strange question, its just that i am new to PHP+SQL and would like to know how to directly access data. Performance and speed is not a issue as i am just writing small test scripts to get to grips with the language.

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• Trying to Understand PLSQL Function

  - by Rachel

  I am new to PLSQL and I have this huge plsql function which am trying to understand and am having hard time understanding the flow and so I would really appreciate if anyone can run me through the big pieces so that I can understand the flow. Guidance would be highly appreciated. FUNCTION monthly_analysis( REGION_ID_P VARCHAR2, COUNTRY_ID_P VARCHAR2 , SUB_REGION_ID_P VARCHAR2 , CUSTOMER_TYPE_ID_P VARCHAR2 , RECEIVED_FROM_DATE_P VARCHAR2 , RECEIVED_TO_DATE_P VARCHAR2, CUSTOMER_ID_P VARCHAR2 , PRIORITY_ID_P VARCHAR2, WORK_GROUP_ID_P VARCHAR2, CITY_ID_P VARCHAR2, USER_ID_P VARCHAR2 ) RETURN AP_ANALYSIS_REPORT_TAB_TYPE pipelined IS with_sql LONG; e_sql LONG; where_sql LONG; group_by_sql LONG; curent_date Date; v_row AP_ANALYSIS_REPORT_ROW_TYPE := AP_ANALYSIS_REPORT_ROW_TYPE( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL ); TYPE rectyp IS REF CURSOR; -- define weak REF CURSOR type rrc_rectyp rectyp; TYPE recordvar IS RECORD( MONTHS VARCHAR2(100), ORDERBY_MONTHS VARCHAR2(100), REQ_RECEIVED NUMBER(9,2), REQ_STILL_OPEN NUMBER(9,2), REQ_AWAIT_ACCEPTANCE NUMBER(9,2), REQ_WITH_ATT NUMBER(9,2), REQ_CLOSED NUMBER(9,2), REQ_CANCELLED NUMBER(9,2) ); res_rec recordvar; BEGIN select sysdate +substr(to_char(systimestamp, 'tzr'),3,1)/24 into curent_date from dual; where_sql := ' AND 1=1 '; IF COUNTRY_ID_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql ||' AND x.country_id ='|| COUNTRY_ID_P; END IF; IF SUB_REGION_ID_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql ||' AND x.SUB_REGION_ID ='|| SUB_REGION_ID_P; END IF; IF CUSTOMER_TYPE_ID_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql ||' AND x.CUSTOMER_TYPE_ID ='|| CUSTOMER_TYPE_ID_P; END IF; IF RECEIVED_FROM_DATE_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql||' AND convert_time(received_date, ''GMT'', ''GMT'') >= convert_time(trunc(to_date('''||RECEIVED_FROM_DATE_P||''',''dd/mm/yyyy HH24:MI:SS'')), ''Europe/Paris'', ''GMT'')'; END IF; IF RECEIVED_TO_DATE_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql||' AND convert_time(received_date, ''GMT'', ''GMT'') <= convert_time(trunc(to_date('''||RECEIVED_TO_DATE_P||''',''dd/mm/yyyy HH24:MI:SS'')), ''Europe/Paris'', ''GMT'')'; END IF; IF CUSTOMER_ID_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql||' AND x.CUSTOMER_ID in(select CUSTOMER_ID from lk_customer where upper(CUSTOMER_NAME) like upper('''||CUSTOMER_ID_P||'%''))'; END IF; IF PRIORITY_ID_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql ||' AND x.PRIORITY_ID ='|| PRIORITY_ID_P; END IF; IF WORK_GROUP_ID_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql ||' AND x.WORKGROUP_ID ='|| WORK_GROUP_ID_P; END IF; IF CITY_ID_P IS NOT NULL THEN where_sql := where_sql ||' AND x.CITY_ID = ' || CITY_ID_P; END IF; group_by_sql := ' group by to_char(convert_time(received_date, ''GMT'', ''Europe/Paris''),''mm/YYYY''),to_char(convert_time(received_date, ''GMT'', ''Europe/Paris''),''yyyy/mm'')'; with_sql := 'with b AS (select cep_work_item_no from ap_main where req_accept_date is null and ecep_ap_utils.f_business_days(received_date,'''||curent_date||''')>30), e AS (select cep_work_item_no from ap_main where status_id=1 and req_accept_date is not null and stage_ID != 10 and stage_Id !=4 and ecep_ap_utils.f_business_days(received_date,'''||curent_date||''')>30), --f AS (select cep_work_item_no from ap_main where received_date is not null), m AS (select cep_work_item_no from ap_main where received_date is not null and status_id=1), n AS (select cep_work_item_no from ap_main where status_id=2), o AS (select cep_work_item_no from ap_main where status_id=3)'; --e_sql := ' SELECT MONTHS, REQ_RECEIVED,REQ_STILL_OPEN, REQ_AWAIT_ACCEPTANCE, REQ_WITH_ATT from ('; --e_sql := with_sql; e_sql := with_sql||' select to_char(convert_time(received_date, ''GMT'', ''Europe/Paris''),''mm/YYYY'') MONTHS, to_char(convert_time(received_date, ''GMT'', ''Europe/Paris''),''yyyy/mm'') ORDERBY_MONTHS, count(x.cep_work_item_no) REQ_RECEIVED, count(m.cep_work_item_no) REQ_STILL_OPEN,count(b.cep_work_item_no) REQ_AWAIT_ACCEPTANCE,count(e.cep_work_item_no) REQ_WITH_ATT, count(n.cep_work_item_no) REQ_CLOSED, count(o.cep_work_item_no) REQ_CANCELLED from emea_main x,m,b,e,n,o where x.cep_work_item_no=m.cep_work_item_no(+) and x.cep_work_item_no = b.cep_work_item_no(+) and x.cep_work_item_no=e.cep_work_item_no(+) and x.cep_work_item_no=n.cep_work_item_no(+) and x.cep_work_item_no=o.cep_work_item_no(+) and x.received_date is not null'; e_sql := e_sql|| where_sql||group_by_sql; OPEN rrc_rectyp FOR e_sql; LOOP FETCH rrc_rectyp INTO res_rec; EXIT WHEN rrc_rectyp%NOTFOUND; v_row.MONTHS := res_rec.MONTHS ; v_row.ORDERBY_MONTHS := res_rec.ORDERBY_MONTHS ; v_row.REQ_RECEIVED := res_rec.REQ_RECEIVED; v_row.REQ_STILL_OPEN := res_rec.REQ_STILL_OPEN; v_row.REQ_AWAIT_ACCEPTANCE := res_rec.REQ_AWAIT_ACCEPTANCE; v_row.REQ_WITH_ATT := res_rec.REQ_WITH_ATT; v_row.REQ_CLOSED := res_rec.REQ_CLOSED; v_row.REQ_CANCELLED := res_rec.REQ_CANCELLED; pipe ROW(v_row); END LOOP; RETURN; END monthly_analysis; And would also appreciate if someone can let me know as to what are the important plsql concepts used here so that I can go ahead and understand them in a better way and some small explanation would go long way. As suggested by dcp, i am trying to use debugger, again I have not used it before and so pardon me, here is what am getting: DECLARE REGION_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); COUNTRY_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); SUB_REGION_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); CUSTOMER_TYPE_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); RECEIVED_FROM_DATE_P VARCHAR2(200); RECEIVED_TO_DATE_P VARCHAR2(200); CUSTOMER_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); PRIORITY_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); WORK_GROUP_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); CITY_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); USER_ID_P VARCHAR2(200); v_Return GECEPDEV.AP_ANALYSIS_REPORT_TAB_TYPE; BEGIN REGION_ID_P := NULL; COUNTRY_ID_P := NULL; SUB_REGION_ID_P := NULL; CUSTOMER_TYPE_ID_P := NULL; RECEIVED_FROM_DATE_P := NULL; RECEIVED_TO_DATE_P := NULL; CUSTOMER_ID_P := NULL; PRIORITY_ID_P := NULL; WORK_GROUP_ID_P := NULL; CITY_ID_P := NULL; USER_ID_P := NULL; v_Return := ECEP_AP_REPORTS.MONTHLY_ANALYSIS( REGION_ID_P => REGION_ID_P, COUNTRY_ID_P => COUNTRY_ID_P, SUB_REGION_ID_P => SUB_REGION_ID_P, CUSTOMER_TYPE_ID_P => CUSTOMER_TYPE_ID_P, RECEIVED_FROM_DATE_P => RECEIVED_FROM_DATE_P, RECEIVED_TO_DATE_P => RECEIVED_TO_DATE_P, CUSTOMER_ID_P => CUSTOMER_ID_P, PRIORITY_ID_P => PRIORITY_ID_P, WORK_GROUP_ID_P => WORK_GROUP_ID_P, CITY_ID_P => CITY_ID_P, USER_ID_P => USER_ID_P ); -- Modify the code to output the variable -- DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_Return = ' || v_Return); END; Can anyone guide me through this query and its goal ?

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• Trying to understand MVC Models, Advice?

  - by Tyler

  I am writing my own MVC for the purpose of learning it. I have pretty much everything "down-pat" and my main stuff written besides models due to some trouble understanding them and lack of viable examples. Now, I've been told a model should reprecent a single row, someone told me, your model class should on update/insert and delete rows, anything that involves fetching a single or multiple rows - a "finder" class should be used. So... a) what is a finder class, b) how do I implement it in a useage example, c) Is what I've been told about models correct or is there a better way than "finders"? Advice is much appricated :)

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• javax.servlet import cannot be resolved after moving web servlet

  - by Michael Kjörling

  I have written a small web servlet to run under Tomcat, using Eclipse Helios. In its old, non-source-controlled location, everything was fine, but now I need to add this to our source control system. Moving the old files out of the way, creating a new workspace, setting up the server connection and copying and importing the existing projects into the new workspace all worked fine once I figured out how to do it, but I can't get the servlet to build. Instead, I get a whole bunch of cannot be resolved to a type errors talking about various servlet class types; HttpServlet, HttpServletRequest, ServletException, etc. Another error that is almost certainly related is The import javax.servlet cannot be resolved. I am obviously missing something very basic, but I'm new to this (and not having the terminology really down pat probably doesn't help me Google for an answer). Any suggestions as to what I might be missing would be greatly appreciated.

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• How do I get Java to parse and format a date/time with the same time zone? I keep getting the local timezone

  - by fishtoprecords

  My application keeps all Java Date's in UTC. Parsing them is easy, but when I print them out, the display shows the computer's local time zone, and I want to show it as UTC. Example code: String sample = "271210 200157 UTC"; SimpleDateFormat dfmt = new SimpleDateFormat("ddMMyy HHmmss Z"); Date result = dfmt.parse(sample); System.out.printf("%tc\n", result); the result is Mon Dec 27 15:01:57 EST 2010 What I want is Mon Dec 27 20:01:57 UTC 2010 Clearly I have to set some Locale and TimeZone values, but I don't see where to put them. Thanks Pat

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• Program crashes when item selected from listView

  - by philip

  The application just crash every time I try to click from the list. ListMovingNames.java public class ListMovingNames extends Activity { ListView MoveList; SQLHandler SQLHandlerview; Cursor cursor; Button addMove; EditText etAddMove; TextView temp; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.selectorcreatemove); addMove = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bAddMove); etAddMove = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etMoveName); temp = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvTemp); MoveList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvMoveItems); SQLHandlerview = new SQLHandler(this); SQLHandlerview = new SQLHandler(ListMovingNames.this); SQLHandlerview.open(); cursor = SQLHandlerview.getMove(); startManagingCursor(cursor); String[] from = new String[]{SQLHandler.KEY_MOVENAME}; int[] to = new int[]{R.id.text}; SimpleCursorAdapter cursorAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.row, cursor, from, to); MoveList.setAdapter(cursorAdapter); SQLHandlerview.close(); addMove.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { String ssmoveName = etAddMove.getText().toString(); SQLHandler entry = new SQLHandler(ListMovingNames.this); entry.open(); entry.createMove(ssmoveName); entry.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }); MoveList.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @SuppressLint("ShowToast") public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View view, int position, long id) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // String moveset = cursor.getString(position); // temp.setText(moveset); Toast.makeText(ListMovingNames.this, position, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); } }); } } and here's my database handler. But I'm sure that there's nothing wrong with it, its probably the cursor adapter. SQLHandler.java public class SQLHandler { public static final String KEY_ROOMMOVEHOLDER = "roommoveholder"; public static final String KEY_ROOM = "room"; public static final String KEY_ITEMMOVEHOLDER = "itemmoveholder"; public static final String KEY_ITEMNAME = "itemname"; public static final String KEY_ITEMVALUE = "itemvalue"; public static final String KEY_ROOMHOLDER = "roomholder"; public static final String KEY_MOVENAME = "movename"; public static final String KEY_ID1 = "_id"; public static final String KEY_ID2 = "_id"; public static final String KEY_ID3 = "_id"; public static final String KEY_ID4 = "_id"; public static final String KEY_MOVEDATE = "movedate"; private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "mymovingfriend"; private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; public static final String KEY_SORTANDPURGE = "sortandpurge"; public static final String KEY_RESEARCH = "research"; public static final String KEY_CREATEMOVINGBINDER = "createmovingbinder"; public static final String KEY_ORDERSUPPLIES = "ordersupplies"; public static final String KEY_USEITORLOSEIT = "useitorloseit"; public static final String KEY_TAKEMEASUREMENTS = "takemeasurements"; public static final String KEY_CHOOSEMOVER = "choosemover"; public static final String KEY_BEGINPACKING = "beginpacking"; public static final String KEY_LABEL = "label"; public static final String KEY_SEPARATEVALUES = "separatevalues"; public static final String KEY_DOACHANGEOFADDRESS = "doachangeofaddress"; public static final String KEY_NOTIFYIMPORTANTPARTIES = "notifyimportantparties"; private static final String DATABASE_TABLE1 = "movingname"; private static final String DATABASE_TABLE2 = "movingrooms"; private static final String DATABASE_TABLE3 = "movingitems"; private static final String DATABASE_TABLE4 = "todolist"; public static final String CREATE_TABLE_1 = "CREATE TABLE " + DATABASE_TABLE1 + " (" + KEY_ID1 + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + KEY_MOVEDATE + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_MOVENAME + " TEXT NOT NULL);"; public static final String CREATE_TABLE_2 = "CREATE TABLE " + DATABASE_TABLE2 + " (" + KEY_ID2 + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + KEY_ROOMMOVEHOLDER + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_ROOM + " TEXT NOT NULL);"; public static final String CREATE_TABLE_3 = "CREATE TABLE " + DATABASE_TABLE3 + " (" + KEY_ID3 + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + KEY_ITEMNAME + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_ITEMVALUE + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_ROOMHOLDER + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_ITEMMOVEHOLDER + " TEXT NOT NULL);"; public static final String CREATE_TABLE_4 = "CREATE TABLE " + DATABASE_TABLE4 + " (" + KEY_ID4 + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + KEY_SORTANDPURGE + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_RESEARCH + " INTEGER NOT NULL, " + KEY_CREATEMOVINGBINDER + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_ORDERSUPPLIES + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_USEITORLOSEIT + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_TAKEMEASUREMENTS + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_CHOOSEMOVER + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_BEGINPACKING + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_LABEL + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_SEPARATEVALUES + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_DOACHANGEOFADDRESS + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + KEY_NOTIFYIMPORTANTPARTIES + " TEXT NOT NULL);"; private DbHelper ourHelper; private final Context ourContext; private SQLiteDatabase ourDatabase; private static class DbHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{ public DbHelper(Context context) { super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_1); db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_2); db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_3); db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_4); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldversion, int newversion) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + DATABASE_TABLE1); db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + DATABASE_TABLE2); db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + DATABASE_TABLE3); db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + DATABASE_TABLE4); onCreate(db); } } public SQLHandler(Context c){ ourContext = c; } public SQLHandler open() throws SQLException{ ourHelper = new DbHelper(ourContext); ourDatabase = ourHelper.getWritableDatabase(); return this; } public void close(){ ourHelper.close(); } public long createMove(String smovename){ ContentValues cv = new ContentValues(); cv.put(KEY_MOVENAME, smovename); cv.put(KEY_MOVEDATE, "Not yet set"); return ourDatabase.insert(DATABASE_TABLE1, null, cv); } public long addRooms(String sroommoveholder, String sroom){ ContentValues cv = new ContentValues(); cv.put(KEY_ROOMMOVEHOLDER, sroommoveholder); cv.put(KEY_ROOM, sroom); return ourDatabase.insert(DATABASE_TABLE2, null, cv); } public long addItems(String sitemmoveholder, String sroomholder, String sitemname, String sitemvalue){ ContentValues cv = new ContentValues(); cv.put(KEY_ITEMMOVEHOLDER, sitemmoveholder); cv.put(KEY_ROOMHOLDER, sroomholder); cv.put(KEY_ITEMNAME, sitemname); cv.put(KEY_ITEMVALUE, sitemvalue); return ourDatabase.insert(DATABASE_TABLE3, null, cv); } public long todoList(String todoitem){ ContentValues cv = new ContentValues(); cv.put(todoitem, "Done"); return ourDatabase.insert(DATABASE_TABLE4, null, cv); } public Cursor getMove(){ String[] columns = new String[]{KEY_ID1, KEY_MOVENAME}; Cursor cursor = ourDatabase.query(DATABASE_TABLE1, columns, null, null, null, null, null); return cursor; } } can anyone point out what I'm doing wrong? here's the log 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: String resource ID #0x0 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.content.res.Resources.getText(Resources.java:201) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:258) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at standard.internet.marketing.mymovingfriend.ListMovingNames$2.onItemClick(ListMovingNames.java:78) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.widget.AdapterView.performItemClick(AdapterView.java:284) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.widget.ListView.performItemClick(ListView.java:3382) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.widget.AbsListView$PerformClick.run(AbsListView.java:1696) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:587) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:92) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4627) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:868) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:626) 09-19 03:22:36.596: E/AndroidRuntime(679): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

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• Downloading a csv file in django

  - by spyder

  I am trying to download a CSV file using HttpResponse to make sure that the browser treats it as an attachment. I follow the instructions provided here but my browser does not prompt a "Save As" dialog. I cannot figure out what is wrong with my function. All help is appreciated. dev savefile(request): try: myfile = request.GET['filename'] filepath = settings.MEDIA_ROOT + 'results/' destpath = os.path.join(filepath, myfile) response = HttpResponse(FileWrapper(file(destpath)), mimetype='text/csv' ) response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' %(myfile) return response except Exception, err: errmsg = "%s"%(err) return HttpResponse(errmsg) Happy Pat's day!

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• Given a word, how do I get the list of all words, that differ by one letter?

  - by user187809

  Let's say I have the word "CAT". These words differ from "CAT" by one letter (not the full list) CUT CAP PAT FAT COT etc. Is there an elegant way to generate this? Obviously, one way to do it is through brute force. pseduo code: while (0 to length of word) while (A to Z) replace one letter at a time, and check if the resulting word is a valid word If I had a 10 letter word, the loop would run 26 * 10 = 260 times. Is there a better, elegant way to do this?

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• problems with matlab wavrecord and wavread

  - by user504363

  Hi all I have a problem in matlab I want to record a speech for 2 seconds then read the recorded sound and plot it I use the code FS = 8000; new_wav = wavrecord(2*FS,FS,'int16'); x = wavread(new_wav); plot(x); but the error appears ??? Error using ==> fileparts at 20 Input must be a row vector of characters. Error in ==> wavread>open_wav at 193 [pat,nam,ext] = fileparts(file); Error in ==> wavread at 65 [fid,msg] = open_wav(file); Error in ==> test at 2 x = wavread(new_wav); I plotted correctly recorded sound files, but when I want to record new one through matlab I get this errors. I tried many ways by changing FS and 'int16' but nothing happens. thanks

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• Update existing columns and rows within csv file using Python

  - by wilbev

  So I've been attempting to use the csv module in Python to add data to existing rows and columns, but only specific columns of each row. So for examples let's say my existing csv file has the following: id, name, city, age 1, Ed,, 34 2, Pat,, 23 So basically the city of each person is missing, so I would like to update each row with that person's city. However, the writerow method only seems replace the existing data within the csv file. Changing the open file to append mode just adds the data to a new row. Is there any way to skip the existing data, and only add the city to each row? Thanks

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• Can't get running JPA2 with Hibernate and Maven

  - by erlord

  Have been trying the whole day long and googled the ** out of the web ... in vain. You are my last hope: Here's my code: The Entity: package sas.test.model; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class Employee { @Id private int id; private String name; private long salary; public Employee() {} public Employee(int id) { this.id = id; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public long getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary (long salary) { this.salary = salary; } } The service class: package sas.test.dao; import sas.test.model.Employee; import javax.persistence.*; import java.util.List; public class EmployeeService { protected EntityManager em; public EmployeeService(EntityManager em) { this.em = em; } public Employee createEmployee(int id, String name, long salary) { Employee emp = new Employee(id); emp.setName(name); emp.setSalary(salary); em.persist(emp); return emp; } public void removeEmployee(int id) { Employee emp = findEmployee(id); if (emp != null) { em.remove(emp); } } public Employee raiseEmployeeSalary(int id, long raise) { Employee emp = em.find(Employee.class, id); if (emp != null) { emp.setSalary(emp.getSalary() + raise); } return emp; } public Employee findEmployee(int id) { return em.find(Employee.class, id); } } And the main class: package sas.test.main; import javax.persistence.*; import java.util.List; import sas.test.model.Employee; import sas.test.dao.EmployeeService; public class ExecuteMe { public static void main(String[] args) { EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("EmployeeService"); EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager(); EmployeeService service = new EmployeeService(em); // create and persist an employee em.getTransaction().begin(); Employee emp = service.createEmployee(158, "John Doe", 45000); em.getTransaction().commit(); System.out.println("Persisted " + emp); // find a specific employee emp = service.findEmployee(158); System.out.println("Found " + emp); // find all employees // List<Employee> emps = service.findAllEmployees(); // for (Employee e : emps) // System.out.println("Found employee: " + e); // update the employee em.getTransaction().begin(); emp = service.raiseEmployeeSalary(158, 1000); em.getTransaction().commit(); System.out.println("Updated " + emp); // remove an employee em.getTransaction().begin(); service.removeEmployee(158); em.getTransaction().commit(); System.out.println("Removed Employee 158"); // close the EM and EMF when done em.close(); emf.close(); } } Finally my confs. pom.xml: <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>Test_JPA_CRUD</groupId> <artifactId>Test_JPA_CRUD</artifactId> <packaging>jar</packaging> <version>1.0</version> <name>Test_JPA_CRUD</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <repositories> <repository> <id>maven2-repository.dev.java.net</id> <name>Java.net Repository for Maven</name> <url>http://download.java.net/maven/2/ </url> <layout>default</layout> </repository> <repository> <id>maven.org</id> <name>maven.org Repository</name> <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId> <version>6.0</version> </dependency> --> <!-- <dependency> <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId> <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> </dependency> --> <!-- JPA2 provider --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>3.4.0.GA</version> </dependency> <!-- JDBC driver --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId> <artifactId>derby</artifactId> <version>10.5.3.0_1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>3.3.2.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>ejb3-persistence</artifactId> <version>3.3.2.Beta1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId> <version>3.4.0.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.14</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <!-- compile with mvn assembly:assembly --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </plugin> <!-- compile with mvn assembly:assembly --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2-beta-2</version> <configuration> <descriptorRefs> <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef> </descriptorRefs> <archive> <manifest> <mainClass>sas.test.main.ExecuteMe</mainClass> </manifest> </archive> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <!-- Force UTF-8 & Java-Version 1.6 --> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> <!--<encoding>utf-8</encoding>--> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> and the persistence.xml, which, I promise, is in the classpath of the target: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence version="1.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence "> <persistence-unit name="EmployeeService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> <class>sas.test.model.Employee</class> <properties> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"/> <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect"/> <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/> <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:derby:webdb;create=true"/> </properties> </persistence-unit> </persistence> As you may have noticed from some commented code, I tried both, the Hibernate and the J2EE 6 implementation of JPA2.0, however, both failed. The above-mentioned code ends up with following error: log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.Version). log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: The user must supply a JDBC connection at org.hibernate.connection.UserSuppliedConnectionProvider.getConnection(UserSuppliedConnectionProvider.java:54) at org.hibernate.jdbc.ConnectionManager.openConnection(ConnectionManager.java:446) at org.hibernate.jdbc.ConnectionManager.getConnection(ConnectionManager.java:167) at org.hibernate.jdbc.JDBCContext.connection(JDBCContext.java:142) Any idea what's going wrong? Any "Hello World" maven/JPA2 demo that actually runs? I couldn't get any of those provided by google's search running. Thanx in advance.

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• socket operation on nonsocket or bad file descriptor

  - by Magn3s1um

  I'm writing a pthread server which takes requests from clients and sends them back a bunch of .ppm files. Everything seems to go well, but sometimes when I have just 1 client connected, when trying to read from the file descriptor (for the file), it says Bad file Descriptor. This doesn't make sense, since my int fd isn't -1, and the file most certainly exists. Other times, I get this "Socket operation on nonsocket" error. This is weird because other times, it doesn't give me this error and everything works fine. When trying to connect multiple clients, for some reason, it will only send correctly to one, and then the other client gets the bad file descriptor or "nonsocket" error, even though both threads are processing the same messages and do the same routines. Anyone have an idea why? Here's the code that is giving me that error: while(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail && count < dis_m){ printf("Sending to client %s: %s\n", pointer->id, pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); fflush(stdout); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pointer = mqueue.head; count++; } printf("Sending %s\n", pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); printf("I am hhere2\n"); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; if(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail){ mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; } else{ mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->message = NULL; } free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); pthread_mutex_unlock(&slots); The messages for both threads are the same, being of the form ./path/imageXX.ppm where XX is the number that should go to the client. The file size of each image is 58368 bytes. Sometimes, this code hangs on the read, and stops execution. I don't know this would be either, because the file descriptor comes back as valid. Thanks in advanced. Edit: Here's some sample output: Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw90.ppm This is fd 4 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw91.ppm This is fd 4 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket Sending ./support/images/sw92.ppm This is fd 4 I am hhere2 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket My dispatcher has defeated evil Sample with 2 clients (client b was serviced first) Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw87.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw88.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw89.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success This is fd 6 Error: : Bad file descriptor Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw85.ppm This is fd 6 Error: As you can see, who ever is serviced first in this instance can open the files, but not the 2nd person. Edit2: Full code. Sorry, its pretty long and terribly formatted. #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include "ring.h" /* Version 1 Here is what is implemented so far: The threads are created from the arguments specified (number of threads that is) The server will lock and update variables based on how many clients are in the system and such. The socket that is opened when a new client connects, must be passed to the threads. To do this, we need some sort of global array. I did this by specifying an int client and main_pool_busy, and two pointers poolsockets and nonpoolsockets. My thinking on this was that when a new client enters the system, the server thread increments the variable client. When a thread is finished with this client (after it sends it the data), the thread will decrement client and close the socket. HTTP servers act this way sometimes (they terminate the socket as soon as one transmission is sent). *Note down at bottom After the server portion increments the client counter, we must open up a new socket (denoted by new_sd) and get this value to the appropriate thread. To do this, I created global array poolsockets, which will hold all the socket descriptors for our pooled threads. The server portion gets the new socket descriptor, and places the value in the first spot of the array that has a 0. We only place a value in this array IF: 1. The variable main_pool_busy < worknum (If we have more clients in the system than in our pool, it doesn't mean we should always create a new thread. At the end of this, the server signals on the condition variable clientin that a new client has arrived. In our pooled thread, we then must walk this array and check the array until we hit our first non-zero value. This is the socket we will give to that thread. The thread then changes the array to have a zero here. What if our all threads in our pool our busy? If this is the case, then we will know it because our threads in this pool will increment main_pool_busy by one when they are working on a request and decrement it when they are done. If main_pool_busy >= worknum, then we must dynamically create a new thread. Then, we must realloc the size of our nonpoolsockets array by 1 int. We then add the new socket descriptor to our pool. Here's what we need to figure out: NOTE* Each worker should generate 100 messages which specify the worker thread ID, client socket descriptor and a copy of the client message. Additionally, each message should include a message number, starting from 0 and incrementing for each subsequent message sent to the same client. I don't know how to keep track of how many messages were to the same client. Maybe we shouldn't close the socket descriptor, but rather keep an array of structs for each socket that includes how many messages they have been sent. Then, the server adds the struct, the threads remove it, then the threads add it back once they've serviced one request (unless the count is 100). ------------------------------------------------------------- CHANGES Version 1 ---------- NONE: this is the first version. */ #define MAXSLOTS 30 #define dis_m 15 //problems with dis_m ==1 //Function prototypes void inc_clients(); void init_mutex_stuff(pthread_t*, pthread_t*); void *threadpool(void *); void server(int); void add_to_socket_pool(int); void inc_busy(); void dec_busy(); void *dispatcher(); void create_message(long, int, int, char *, char *); void init_ring(); void add_to_ring(char *, char *, int, int, int); int socket_from_string(char *); void add_to_head(char *); void add_to_tail(char *); struct message * reorder(struct message *, struct message *, int); int get_threadid(char *); void delete_socket_messages(int); struct message * merge(struct message *, struct message *, int); int get_request(char *, char *, char*); ///////////////////// //Global mutexes and condition variables pthread_mutex_t startservice; pthread_mutex_t numclients; pthread_mutex_t pool_sockets; pthread_mutex_t nonpool_sockets; pthread_mutex_t m_pool_busy; pthread_mutex_t slots; pthread_mutex_t numm; pthread_mutex_t circ; pthread_cond_t clientin; pthread_cond_t m; /////////////////////////////////////// //Global variables int clients; int main_pool_busy; int * poolsockets, nonpoolsockets; int worknum; struct ring mqueue; /////////////////////////////////////// int main(int argc, char ** argv){ //error handling if not enough arguments to program if(argc != 3){ printf("Not enough arguments to server: ./server portnum NumThreadsinPool\n"); _exit(-1); } //Convert arguments from strings to integer values int port = atoi(argv[1]); worknum = atoi(argv[2]); //Start server portion server(port); } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //The listen server thread///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void server(int port){ int sd, new_sd; struct sockaddr_in name, cli_name; int sock_opt_val = 1; int cli_len; pthread_t threads[worknum]; //create our pthread id array pthread_t dis[1]; //create our dispatcher array (necessary to create thread) init_mutex_stuff(threads, dis); //initialize mutexes and stuff //Server setup /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if ((sd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("(servConn): socket() error"); _exit (-1); } if (setsockopt (sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &sock_opt_val, sizeof(sock_opt_val)) < 0) { perror ("(servConn): Failed to set SO_REUSEADDR on INET socket"); _exit (-1); } name.sin_family = AF_INET; name.sin_port = htons (port); name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); if (bind (sd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0) { perror ("(servConn): bind() error"); _exit (-1); } listen (sd, 5); //End of server Setup ////////////////////////////////////////////////// for (;;) { cli_len = sizeof (cli_name); new_sd = accept (sd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_name, &cli_len); printf ("Assigning new socket descriptor: %d\n", new_sd); inc_clients(); //New client has come in, increment clients add_to_socket_pool(new_sd); //Add client to the pool of sockets if (new_sd < 0) { perror ("(servConn): accept() error"); _exit (-1); } } pthread_exit(NULL); //Quit } //Adds the new socket to the array designated for pthreads in the pool void add_to_socket_pool(int socket){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); //Lock so that we can check main_pool_busy int i; //If not all our main pool is busy, then allocate to one of them if(main_pool_busy < worknum){ pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); //unlock busy, we no longer need to hold it pthread_mutex_lock(&pool_sockets); //Lock the socket pool array so that we can edit it without worry for(i = 0; i < worknum; i++){ //Find a poolsocket that is -1; then we should put the real socket there. This value will be changed back to -1 when the thread grabs the sockfd if(poolsockets[i] == -1){ poolsockets[i] = socket; pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool_sockets); //unlock our pool array, we don't need it anymore inc_busy(); //Incrememnt busy (locks the mutex itself) pthread_cond_signal(&clientin); //Signal first thread waiting on a client that a client needs to be serviced break; } } } else{ //Dynamic thread creation goes here pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } } //Increments the client number. If client number goes over worknum, we must dynamically create new pthreads void inc_clients(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&numclients); clients++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&numclients); } //Increments busy void inc_busy(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); main_pool_busy++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } //Initialize all of our mutexes at the beginning and create our pthreads void init_mutex_stuff(pthread_t * threads, pthread_t * dis){ pthread_mutex_init(&startservice, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&numclients, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&pool_sockets, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&nonpool_sockets, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&m_pool_busy, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&circ, NULL); pthread_cond_init (&clientin, NULL); main_pool_busy = 0; poolsockets = malloc(sizeof(int)*worknum); int threadreturn; //error checking variables long i = 0; //Loop and create pthreads for(i; i < worknum; i++){ threadreturn = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, threadpool, (void *) i); poolsockets[i] = -1; if(threadreturn){ perror("Thread pool created unsuccessfully"); _exit(-1); } } pthread_create(&dis[0], NULL, dispatcher, NULL); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////Main pool routines ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void dec_busy(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); main_pool_busy--; pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } void dec_clients(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&numclients); clients--; pthread_mutex_unlock(&numclients); } //This is what our threadpool pthreads will be running. void *threadpool(void * threadid){ long id = (long) threadid; //Id of this thread int i; int socket; int counter = 0; //Try and gain access to the next client that comes in and wait until server signals that a client as arrived while(1){ pthread_mutex_lock(&startservice); //lock start service (required for cond wait) pthread_cond_wait(&clientin, &startservice); //wait for signal from server that client exists pthread_mutex_unlock(&startservice); //unlock mutex. pthread_mutex_lock(&pool_sockets); //Lock the pool socket so we can get the socket fd unhindered/interrupted for(i = 0; i < worknum; i++){ if(poolsockets[i] != -1){ socket = poolsockets[i]; poolsockets[i] = -1; pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool_sockets); } } printf("Thread #%d is past getting the socket\n", id); int incoming = 1; while(counter < 100 && incoming != 0){ char buffer[512]; bzero(buffer,512); int startcounter = 0; incoming = read(socket, buffer, 512); if(buffer[0] != 0){ //client ID:priority:request:arguments char id[100]; long prior; char request[100]; char arg1[100]; char message[100]; char arg2[100]; char * point; point = strtok(buffer, ":"); strcpy(id, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); prior = atoi(point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); strcpy(request, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); strcpy(arg1, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); if(point != NULL){ strcpy(arg2, point); } int fd; if(strcmp(request, "start_movie") == 0){ int count = 1; while(count <= 100){ char temp[10]; snprintf(temp, 50, "%d\0", count); strcpy(message, "./support/images/"); strcat(message, arg1); strcat(message, temp); strcat(message, ".ppm"); printf("This is message %s to %s\n", message, id); count++; add_to_ring(message, id, prior, counter, socket); //Adds our created message to the ring counter++; } printf("I'm out of the loop\n"); } else if(strcmp(request, "seek_movie") == 0){ int count = atoi(arg2); while(count <= 100){ char temp[10]; snprintf(temp, 10, "%d\0", count); strcpy(message, "./support/images/"); strcat(message, arg1); strcat(message, temp); strcat(message, ".ppm"); printf("This is message %s\n", message); count++; } } //create_message(id, socket, counter, buffer, message); //Creates our message from the input from the client. Stores it in buffer } else{ delete_socket_messages(socket); break; } } counter = 0; close(socket);//Zero out counter again } dec_clients(); //client serviced, decrement clients dec_busy(); //thread finished, decrement busy } //Creates a message void create_message(long threadid, int socket, int counter, char * buffer, char * message){ snprintf(message, strlen(buffer)+15, "%d:%d:%d:%s", threadid, socket, counter, buffer); } //Gets the socket from the message string (maybe I should just pass in the socket to another method) int socket_from_string(char * message){ char * substr1 = strstr(message, ":"); char * substr2 = substr1; substr2++; int occurance = strcspn(substr2, ":"); char sock[10]; strncpy(sock, substr2, occurance); return atoi(sock); } //Adds message to our ring buffer's head void add_to_head(char * message){ printf("Adding to head of ring\n"); mqueue.head->message = malloc(strlen(message)+1); //Allocate space for message strcpy(mqueue.head->message, message); //copy bytes into allocated space } //Adds our message to our ring buffer's tail void add_to_tail(char * message){ printf("Adding to tail of ring\n"); mqueue.tail->message = malloc(strlen(message)+1); //allocate space for message strcpy(mqueue.tail->message, message); //copy bytes into allocated space mqueue.tail->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); //allocate space for the next message struct } //Adds a message to our ring void add_to_ring(char * message, char * id, int prior, int mnum, int socket){ //printf("This is message %s:" , message); pthread_mutex_lock(&circ); //Lock the ring buffer pthread_mutex_lock(&numm); //Lock the message count (will need this to make sure we can't fill the buffer over the max slots) if(mqueue.head->message == NULL){ add_to_head(message); //Adds it to head mqueue.head->socket = socket; //Set message socket mqueue.head->priority = prior; //Set its priority (thread id) mqueue.head->mnum = mnum; //Set its message number (used for sorting) mqueue.head->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.head->id, id); } else if(mqueue.tail->message == NULL){ //This is the problem for dis_m 1 I'm pretty sure add_to_tail(message); mqueue.tail->socket = socket; mqueue.tail->priority = prior; mqueue.tail->mnum = mnum; mqueue.tail->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.tail->id, id); } else{ mqueue.tail->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.tail->next; add_to_tail(message); mqueue.tail->socket = socket; mqueue.tail->priority = prior; mqueue.tail->mnum = mnum; mqueue.tail->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.tail->id, id); } mqueue.mcount++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); if(mqueue.mcount >= dis_m){ pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_cond_signal(&m); } else{ pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); } printf("out of add to ring\n"); fflush(stdout); } ////////////////////////////////// //Dispatcher routines ///////////////////////////////// void *dispatcher(){ init_ring(); while(1){ pthread_mutex_lock(&slots); pthread_cond_wait(&m, &slots); pthread_mutex_lock(&numm); pthread_mutex_lock(&circ); printf("Dispatcher to the rescue!\n"); mqueue.head = reorder(mqueue.head, mqueue.tail, mqueue.mcount); //printf("This is the head %s\n", mqueue.head->message); //printf("This is the tail %s\n", mqueue.head->message); fflush(stdout); struct message * pointer = mqueue.head; int count = 0; while(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail && count < dis_m){ printf("Sending to client %s: %s\n", pointer->id, pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); fflush(stdout); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pointer = mqueue.head; count++; } printf("Sending %s\n", pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); printf("I am hhere2\n"); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; if(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail){ mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; } else{ mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->message = NULL; } free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); pthread_mutex_unlock(&slots); printf("My dispatcher has defeated evil\n"); } } void init_ring(){ mqueue.head = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.mcount = 0; } struct message * reorder(struct message * begin, struct message * end, int num){ //printf("I am reordering for size %d\n", num); fflush(stdout); int i; if(num == 1){ //printf("Begin: %s\n", begin->message); begin->next = NULL; return begin; } else{ struct message * left = begin; struct message * right; int middle = num/2; for(i = 1; i < middle; i++){ left = left->next; } right = left -> next; left -> next = NULL; //printf("Begin: %s\nLeft: %s\nright: %s\nend:%s\n", begin->message, left->message, right->message, end->message); left = reorder(begin, left, middle); if(num%2 != 0){ right = reorder(right, end, middle+1); } else{ right = reorder(right, end, middle); } return merge(left, right, num); } } struct message * merge(struct message * left, struct message * right, int num){ //printf("I am merginging! left: %s %d, right: %s %dnum: %d\n", left->message,left->priority, right->message, right->priority, num); struct message * start, * point; int lenL= 0; int lenR = 0; int flagL = 0; int flagR = 0; int count = 0; int middle1 = num/2; int middle2; if(num%2 != 0){ middle2 = middle1+1; } else{ middle2 = middle1; } while(lenL < middle1 && lenR < middle2){ count++; //printf("In here for count %d\n", count); if(lenL == 0 && lenR == 0){ if(left->priority < right->priority){ start = left; //Set the start point point = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else if(left->priority > right->priority){ start = right; point = right; right = right->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } else{ if(left->mnum < right->mnum){ ////printf("This is where we are\n"); start = left; //Set the start point point = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else{ start = right; point = right; right = right->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } } } else{ if(left->priority < right->priority){ point->next = left; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point = point->next; point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else if(left->priority > right->priority){ point->next = right; right = right->next; point = point->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } else{ if(left->mnum < right->mnum){ point->next = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; point = point->next;//move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else{ point->next = right; right = right->next; point = point->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } } } if(lenL == middle1){ flagL = 1; break; } if(lenR == middle2){ flagR = 1; break; } } if(flagL == 1){ point->next = right; point = point->next; for(lenR; lenR< middle2-1; lenR++){ point = point->next; } point->next = NULL; mqueue.tail = point; } else{ point->next = left; point = point->next; for(lenL; lenL< middle1-1; lenL++){ point = point->next; } point->next = NULL; mqueue.tail = point; } //printf("This is the start %s\n", start->message); //printf("This is mqueue.tail %s\n", mqueue.tail->message); return start; } void delete_socket_messages(int a){ }

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• Lessons from a SAN Failure

  - by Bill Graziano

  At 1:10AM Sunday morning the main SAN at one of my clients suffered a “partial” failure.  Partial means that the SAN was still online and functioning but the LUNs attached to our two main SQL Servers “failed”.  Failed means that SQL Server wouldn’t start and the MDF and LDF files mostly showed a zero file size.  But they were online and responding and most other LUNs were available.  I’m not sure how SANs know to fail at 1AM on a Saturday night but they seem to.  From a personal standpoint this worked out poorly: I was out with friends and after more than a few drinks.  From a work standpoint this was about the best time to fail you could imagine.  Everything was running well before Monday morning.  But it was a long, long Sunday.  I started tipsy, got tired and ended up hung over later in the day. Note to self: Try not to go out drinking right before the SAN fails. This caught us at an interesting time.  We’re in the process of migrating to an entirely new set of servers so some things were partially moved.  This made it difficult to follow our procedures as cleanly as we’d like.  The benefit was that we had much better documentation of everything on the server.  I would encourage everyone to really think through the process of implementing your DR plan and document as much as possible.  Following a checklist is much easier than trying to remember at night under pressure in a hurry after a few drinks. I had a series of estimates on how long things would take.  They were accurate for any single server failure.  They weren’t accurate for a SAN failure that took two servers down.  This wasn’t bad but we should have communicated better. Don’t forget how many things are outside the database.  Logins, linked servers, DTS packages (yikes!), jobs, service broker, DTC (especially DTC), database triggers and any objects in the master database are all things you need backed up.  We’d done a decent job on this and didn’t find significant problems here.  That said this still took a lot of time.  There were many annoyances as a result of this.  Small settings like a login’s default database had a big impact on whether an application could run.  This is probably the single biggest area of concern when looking to recreate a server.  I’d encourage everyone to go through every single node of SSMS and look for user created objects or settings outside the database. Script out your logins with the proper SID and already encrypted passwords and keep it updated.  This makes life so much easier.  I used an approach based on KB246133 that worked well.  I’ll get my scripts posted over the next few days. The disaster can cause your DR process to fail in unexpected ways.  We have a job that scripts out all logins and role memberships and writes it to a file.  This runs on the DR server and pulls from the production server.  Upon opening the file I found that the contents were a “server not found” error.  Fortunately we had other copies and didn’t need to try and restore the master database.  This now runs on the production server and pushes the script to the DR site.  Soon we’ll get it pushed to our version control software. One of the biggest challenges is keeping your DR resources up to date.  Any server change (new linked server, new SQL Server Agent job, etc.) means that your DR plan (and scripts) is out of date.  It helps to automate the generation of these resources if possible. Take time now to test your database restore process.  We test ours quarterly.  If you have a large database I’d also encourage you to invest in a compressed backup solution.  Restoring backups was the single larger consumer of time during our recovery. And yes, there’s a database mirroring solution planned in our new architecture. I didn’t have much involvement in things outside SQL Server but this caused many, many things to change in our environment.  Many applications today aren’t just executables or web sites.  They are a combination of those plus network infrastructure, reports, network ports, IP addresses, DTS and SSIS packages, batch systems and many other things.  These all needed a little bit of attention to make sure they were functioning properly. Profiler turned out to be a handy tool.  I started a trace for failed logins and kept that running.  That let me fix a number of problems before people were able to report them.  I also ran traces to capture exceptions.  This helped identify problems with linked servers. Overall the thing that gave me the most problem was linked servers.  In order for a linked server to function properly you need to be pointed to the right server, have the proper login information, have the network routes available and have MSDTC configured properly.  We have a lot of linked servers and this created many failure points.  Some of the older linked servers used IP addresses and not DNS names.  This meant we had to go in and touch all those linked servers when the servers moved.

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• Searching for the last logon of users in Active Directory

  - by Robert May

  I needed to clean out a bunch of old accounts at Veracity Solutions, and wanted to delete those that hadn’t used their account in more than a year. I found that AD has a property on objects called the lastLogonTimestamp.  However, this value isn’t exposed to you in any useful fashion.  Sure, you can pull up ADSI Edit and and eventually get to it there, but it’s painful. I spent some time searching, and discovered that there’s not much out there to help, so I thought a blog post showing exactly how to get at this information would be in order. Basically, what you end up doing is using System.DirectoryServices to search for accounts and then filtering those for users, doing some conversion and such to make it happen.  Basically, the end result of this is that you get a list of users with their logon information and you can then do with that what you will.  I turned my list into an observable collection and bound it into a XAML form. One important note, you need to add a reference to ActiveDs Type Library in the COM section of the world in references to get to LargeInteger. Here’s the class: namespace Veracity.Utilities { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.DirectoryServices; using ActiveDs; using log4net; /// <summary> /// Finds users inside of the active directory system. /// </summary> public class UserFinder { /// <summary> /// Creates the default logger /// </summary> private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(UserFinder)); /// <summary> /// Finds last logon information /// </summary> /// <param name="domain">The domain to search.</param> /// <param name="userName">The username for the query.</param> /// <param name="password">The password for the query.</param> /// <returns>A list of users with their last logon information.</returns> public IList<UserLoginInformation> GetLastLogonInformation(string domain, string userName, string password) { IList<UserLoginInformation> result = new List<UserLoginInformation>(); DirectoryEntry entry = new DirectoryEntry(domain, userName, password, AuthenticationTypes.Secure); DirectorySearcher directorySearcher = new DirectorySearcher(entry); directorySearcher.PropertyNamesOnly = true; directorySearcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("name"); directorySearcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add("lastLogonTimeStamp"); SearchResultCollection searchResults; try { searchResults = directorySearcher.FindAll(); } catch (System.Exception ex) { log.Error("Failed to do a find all.", ex); throw; } try { foreach (SearchResult searchResult in searchResults) { DirectoryEntry resultEntry = searchResult.GetDirectoryEntry(); if (resultEntry.SchemaClassName == "user") { UserLoginInformation logon = new UserLoginInformation(); logon.Name = resultEntry.Name; PropertyValueCollection timeStampObject = resultEntry.Properties["lastLogonTimeStamp"]; if (timeStampObject.Count > 0) { IADsLargeInteger logonTimeStamp = (IADsLargeInteger)timeStampObject[0]; long lastLogon = (long)((uint)logonTimeStamp.LowPart + (((long)logonTimeStamp.HighPart) << 32)); logon.LastLogonTime = DateTime.FromFileTime(lastLogon); } result.Add(logon); } } } catch (System.Exception ex) { log.Error("Failed to iterate search results.", ex); throw; } return result; } } } Some important things to note: Username and Password can be set to null and if your computer us part of the domain, this may still work. Domain should be set to something like LDAP://servername/CN=Users,CN=Domain,CN=com You’re actually getting a com object back, so that’s why the LongInteger conversions are happening.  The class for UserLoginInformation looks like this:   namespace Veracity.Utilities { using System; /// <summary> /// Represents user login information. /// </summary> public class UserLoginInformation { /// <summary> /// Gets or sets Name /// </summary> public string Name { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets LastLogonTime /// </summary> public DateTime LastLogonTime { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Gets the age of the account. /// </summary> public TimeSpan AccountAge { get { TimeSpan result = TimeSpan.Zero; if (this.LastLogonTime != DateTime.MinValue) { result = DateTime.Now.Subtract(this.LastLogonTime); } return result; } } } } I hope this is useful and instructive. Technorati Tags: Active Directory

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• HTG Explains: Are You Using IPv6 Yet? Should You Even Care?

  - by Chris Hoffman

  IPv6 is extremely important for the long-term health of the Internet. But is your Internet service provider providing IPv6 connectivity yet? Does your home network support it? Should you even care if you’re using IPv6 yet? Switching from IPv4 to IPv6 will give the Internet a much larger pool of IP addresses. It should also allow every device to have its own public IP address, rather than be hidden behind a NAT router. IPv6 is Important Long-Term IPv6 is very important for the long-term health of the Internet. There are only about 3.7 billion public IPv4 addresses. This may sound like a lot, but it isn’t even one IP address for each person on the planet. Considering people have more and more Internet-connected devices — everything from light bulbs to thermostats are starting to become network-connected — the lack of IP addresses is already proving to be a serious problem. This may not affect those of us in well-off developed countries just yet, but developing countries are already running out of IPv4 addresses. So, if you work at an Internet service provider, manage Internet-connected servers, or develop software or hardware — yes, you should care about IPv6! You should be deploying it and ensuring your software and hardware works properly with it. It’s important to prepare for the future before the current IPv4 situation becomes completely unworkable. But, if you’re just typical user or even a typical geek with a home Internet connection and a home network, should you really care about your home network just yet? Probably not. What You Need to Use IPv6 To use IPv6, you’ll need three things: An IPv6-Compatible Operating System: Your operating system’s software must be capable of using IPv6. All modern desktop operating systems should be compatible — Windows Vista and newer versions of Windows, as well as modern versions of Mac OS X and Linux. Windows XP doesn’t have IPv6 support installed by default, but you shouldn’t be using Windows XP anymore, anyway. A Router With IPv6 Support: Many — maybe even most — consumer routers in the wild don’t support IPv6. Check your router’s specifications details to see if it supports IPv6 if you’re curious. If you’re going to buy a new router, you’ll probably want to get one with IPv6 support to future-proof yourself. If you don’t have an IPv6-enabled router yet, you don’t need to buy a new one just to get it. An ISP With IPv6 Enabled:  Your Internet service provider must also have IPv6 set up on their end. Even if you have modern software and hardware on your end, your ISP has to provide an IPv6 connection for you to use it. IPv6 is rolling out steadily, but slowly — there’s a good chance your ISP hasn’t enabled it for you yet. How to Tell If You’re Using IPv6 The easiest way to tell if you have IPv6 connectivity is to visit a website like testmyipv6.com. This website allows you to connect to it in different ways — click the links near the top to see if you can connect to the website via different types of connections. If you can’t connect via IPv6, it’s either because your operating system is too old (unlikely), your router doesn’t support IPv6 (very possible), or because your ISP hasn’t enabled it for you yet (very likely). Now What? If you can connect to the test website above via IPv6, congratulations! Everything is working as it should. Your ISP is doing a good job of rolling out IPv6 rather than dragging its feet. There’s a good chance you won’t have IPv6 working properly, however. So what should you do about this — should you head to Amazon and buy a new IPv6-enabled router or switch to an ISP that offers IPv6? Should you use a “tunnel broker,” as the test site recommends, to tunnel into IPv6 via your IPv4 connection? Well, probably not. Typical users shouldn’t have to worry about this yet. Connecting to the Internet via IPv6 shouldn’t be perceptibly faster, for example. It’s important for operating system vendors, hardware companies, and Internet service providers to prepare for the future and get IPv6 working, but you don’t need to worry about this on your home network. IPv6 is all about future-proofing. You shouldn’t be racing to implement this at home yet or worrying about it too much — but, when you need to buy a new router, try to buy one that supports IPv6. Image Credit: Adobe of Chaos on Flickr, hisperati on Flickr, Vox Efx on Flickr     

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• SQL SERVER – CXPACKET – Parallelism – Usual Solution – Wait Type – Day 6 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  CXPACKET has to be most popular one of all wait stats. I have commonly seen this wait stat as one of the top 5 wait stats in most of the systems with more than one CPU. Books On-Line: Occurs when trying to synchronize the query processor exchange iterator. You may consider lowering the degree of parallelism if contention on this wait type becomes a problem. CXPACKET Explanation: When a parallel operation is created for SQL Query, there are multiple threads for a single query. Each query deals with a different set of the data (or rows). Due to some reasons, one or more of the threads lag behind, creating the CXPACKET Wait Stat. There is an organizer/coordinator thread (thread 0), which takes waits for all the threads to complete and gathers result together to present on the client’s side. The organizer thread has to wait for the all the threads to finish before it can move ahead. The Wait by this organizer thread for slow threads to complete is called CXPACKET wait. Note that not all the CXPACKET wait types are bad. You might experience a case when it totally makes sense. There might also be cases when this is unavoidable. If you remove this particular wait type for any query, then that query may run slower because the parallel operations are disabled for the query. Reducing CXPACKET wait: We cannot discuss about reducing the CXPACKET wait without talking about the server workload type. OLTP: On Pure OLTP system, where the transactions are smaller and queries are not long but very quick usually, set the “Maximum Degree of Parallelism” to 1 (one). This way it makes sure that the query never goes for parallelism and does not incur more engine overhead. EXEC sys.sp_configure N'cost threshold for parallelism', N'1' GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE GO Data-warehousing / Reporting server: As queries will be running for long time, it is advised to set the “Maximum Degree of Parallelism” to 0 (zero). This way most of the queries will utilize the parallel processor, and long running queries get a boost in their performance due to multiple processors. EXEC sys.sp_configure N'cost threshold for parallelism', N'0' GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE GO Mixed System (OLTP & OLAP): Here is the challenge. The right balance has to be found. I have taken a very simple approach. I set the “Maximum Degree of Parallelism” to 2, which means the query still uses parallelism but only on 2 CPUs. However, I keep the “Cost Threshold for Parallelism” very high. This way, not all the queries will qualify for parallelism but only the query with higher cost will go for parallelism. I have found this to work best for a system that has OLTP queries and also where the reporting server is set up. Here, I am setting ‘Cost Threshold for Parallelism’ to 25 values (which is just for illustration); you can choose any value, and you can find it out by experimenting with the system only. In the following script, I am setting the ‘Max Degree of Parallelism’ to 2, which indicates that the query that will have a higher cost (here, more than 25) will qualify for parallel query to run on 2 CPUs. This implies that regardless of the number of CPUs, the query will select any two CPUs to execute itself. EXEC sys.sp_configure N'cost threshold for parallelism', N'25' GO EXEC sys.sp_configure N'max degree of parallelism', N'2' GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE GO Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Additionally a must read comment of Jonathan Kehayias. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and I no way claim it to be accurate. I suggest you all to read the online book for further clarification. All the discussion of Wait Stats over here is generic and it varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on the development server before implementing on the production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: DMV, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• Simple-Talk development: a quick history lesson

  - by Michael Williamson

  Up until a few months ago, Simple-Talk ran on a pure .NET stack, with IIS as the web server and SQL Server as the database. Unfortunately, the platform for the site hadn’t quite gotten the love and attention it deserved. On the one hand, in the words of our esteemed editor Tony “I’d consider the current platform to be a “success”; it cost $10K, has lasted for 6 years, was finished, end to end in 6 months, and although we moan about it has got us quite a long way.” On the other hand, it was becoming increasingly clear that it needed some serious work. Among other issues, we had authors that wouldn’t blog because our current blogging platform, Community Server, was too painful for them to use. Forgetting about Simple-Talk for a moment, if you ask somebody what blogging platform they’d choose, the odds are they’d say WordPress. Regardless of its technical merits, it’s probably the most popular blogging platform, and it certainly seemed easier to use than Community Server. The issue was that WordPress is normally hosted on a Linux stack running PHP, Apache and MySQL — quite a difference from our Microsoft technology stack. We certainly didn’t want to rewrite the entire site — we just wanted a better blogging platform, with the rest of the existing, legacy site left as is. At a very high level, Simple-Talk’s technical design was originally very straightforward: when your browser sends an HTTP request to Simple-Talk, IIS (the web server) takes the request, does some work, and sends back a response. In order to keep the legacy site running, except with WordPress running the blogs, a different design is called for. We now use nginx as a reverse-proxy, which can then delegate requests to the appropriate application: So, when your browser sends a request to Simple-Talk, nginx takes that request and checks which part of the site you’re trying to access. Most of the time, it just passes the request along to IIS, which can then respond in much the same way it always has. However, if your request is for the blogs, then nginx delegates the request to WordPress. Unfortunately, as simple as that diagram looks, it hides an awful lot of complexity. In particular, the legacy site running on IIS was made up of four .NET applications. I’ve already mentioned one of these applications, Community Server, which handled the old blogs as well as managing membership and the forums. We have a couple of other applications to manage both our newsletters and our articles, and our own custom application to do some of the rendering on the site, such as the front page and the articles. When I say that it was made up of four .NET applications, this might conjure up an image in your mind of how they fit together: You might imagine four .NET applications, each with their own database, communicating over well-defined APIs. Sadly, reality was a little disappointing: We had four .NET applications that all ran on the same database. Worse still, there were many queries that happily joined across tables from multiple applications, meaning that each application was heavily dependent on the exact data schema that each other application used. Add to this that many of the queries were at least dozens of lines long, and practically identical to other queries except in a few key spots, and we can see that attempting to replace one component of the system would be more than a little tricky. However, the problems with the old system do give us a good place to start thinking about desirable qualities from any changes to the platform. Specifically: Maintainability — the tight coupling between each .NET application made it difficult to update any one application without also having to make changes elsewhere Replaceability — the tight coupling also meant that replacing one component wouldn’t be straightforward, especially if it wasn’t on a similar Microsoft stack. We’d like to be able to replace different parts without having to modify the existing codebase extensively Reusability — we’d like to be able to combine the different pieces of the system in different ways for different sites Repeatable deployments — rather than having to deploy the site manually with a long list of instructions, we should be able to deploy the entire site with a single command, allowing you to create a new instance of the site easily whether on production, staging servers, test servers or your own local machine Testability — if we can deploy the site with a single command, and each part of the site is no longer dependent on the specifics of how every other part of the site works, we can begin to run automated tests against the site, and against individual parts, both to prevent regressions and to do a little test-driven development In the next part, I’ll describe the high-level architecture we now have that hopefully brings us a little closer to these five traits.

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• Spolskism or Twitterism: A Doctor writes...

  - by Phil Factor

  "I never realized I had a problem. I just 'twittered' because it was a social thing to do. All my mates were doing it. It made me feel good to have 'followers'; it bolstered my self-esteem. Of course, you don't think of the long-term effects on your work and on the way you think. There's no denying that it impairs your judgment…" Yes, this story is typical. Hundreds of people are waking up to the long term effects of twittering, and seeking help. Dave, who wishes to remain anonymous, told our reporter… "I started using Twitter at work. Just a few minutes now and then, throughout the day. A lot of my colleagues were doing it and I thought 'Well, that's cool; it must be part of what I should be doing at work'. Soon, I was avidly reading every twitter that came my way, and counting the minutes between my own twitters. I tried to kid myself that it was all about professional development and getting other people to help you with work-related problems, but in truth I had become addicted to the buzz of the social network. The worse thing was that it made me seem busy even when I was really just frittering my time away. Inevitably, I started to get behind with my real work." Experts have identified the syndrome and given it a name: 'Twitterism', sometimes referred to as 'Spolskism', after the person who first drew attention to the pernicious damage to well-being that the practice caused, and who had the courage to take the pledge of rejecting it. According to one expert… "The occasional Twitter does little harm to the participant, and can be an adaptive way of dealing with stress. Unfortunately, it rarely stops there. The addictive qualities of the practice have put a strain on the caring professions who are faced with a flood of people making that first bold step to seeking help". Dave is one of those now seeking help for his addiction… "I had lost touch with reality. Even though I twittered my work colleagues constantly, I found I actually spoke to them less and less. Even when out socializing, I would frequently disengage from the conversation, in order to twitter. I stopped blogging. I stopped responding to emails; the only way to reach me was through the world of Twitter. Unfortunately, my denial about the harm that twittering was doing to me, my friends, and my work-colleagues was so strong that I truly couldn't see that I had a problem." Like other addictions, the help and support of others who are 'taking the cure' is important. There is a common bond between those who have 'been through hell and back' and are once more able to experience the joys of actually conversing and socializing, rather than the false comfort of solitary 'twittering'. Complete abstinence is essential to the cure. Most of those who risk even an occasional twitter face a headlong slide back into 'binge' twittering. Tom, another twitterer who has managed to kick the habit explains… "My twittering addiction now seems more like a bad dream. You get to work, and switch on the PC. You say to yourself, just open up the browser, just for a minute, just to see what people are saying on Twitter. The next thing you know, half the day has gone by. The worst thing is that when you're addicted, you get good at covering up the habit; I spent so much time looking at the screen and typing on the keyboard, people just assumed I was working hard.I know that I must never forget what it was like then, and what it's like now that I've kicked the habit. I now have more time for productive work and a real social life." Like many addictions, Spolskism has its most detrimental effects on family, friends and workmates, rather than the addict. So often nowadays, we hear the sad stories of Twitter-Widows; tales of long lonely evenings spent whilst their partners are engrossed in their twittering into their 'mobiles' or indulging in their solitary spolskistic habits in privacy, under cover of 'having to do work at home'. Workmates suffer too, when the addicts even take their laptops or mobiles into meetings in order to 'twitter' with their fellow obsessives, even stooping to complain to their followers how boring the meeting is. No; The best advice is to leave twittering to the birds. You know it makes sense.

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• How do I prove or disprove "god" objects are wrong?

  - by honestduane

  Problem Summary: Long story short, I inherited a code base and an development team I am not allowed to replace and the use of God Objects is a big issue. Going forward, I want to have us re-factor things but I am getting push-back from the teams who want to do everything with God Objects "because its easier" and this means I would not be allowed to re-factor. I pushed back citing my years of dev experience, that I'm the new boss who was hired to know these things, etc, and so did the third party offshore companies account sales rep, and this is now at the executive level and my meeting is tomorrow and I want to go in with a lot of technical ammo to advocate best practices because I feel it will be cheaper in the long run (And I personally feel that is what the third party is worried about) for the company. My issue is from a technical level, I know its good long term but I'm having trouble with the ultra short term and 6 months term, and while its something I "know" I cant prove it with references and cited resources outside of one person (Robert C. Martin, aka Uncle Bob), as that is what I am being asked to do as I have been told having data from one person and only one person (Robert C Martin) is not good enough of an argument. Question: What are some resources I can cite directly (Title, year published, page number, quote) by well known experts in the field that explicitly say this use of "God" Objects/Classes/Systems is bad (or good, since we are looking for the most technically valid solution)? Research I have already done: I have a number of books here and I have searched their indexes for the use of the words "god object" and "god class". I found that oddly its almost never used and the copy of the GoF book I have for example, never uses it (At least according to the index in front of me) but I have found it in 2 books per the below, but I want more I can use. I checked the Wikipedia page for "God Object" and its currently a stub with little reference links so although I personally agree with that it says, It doesn't have much I can use in an environment where personal experience is not considered valid. The book cited is also considered too old to be valid by the people I am debating these technical points with as the argument they are making is that "it was once thought to be bad but nobody could prove it, and now modern software says "god" objects are good to use". I personally believe that this statement is incorrect, but I want to prove the truth, whatever it is. In Robert C Martin's "Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C#" (ISBN: 0-13-185725-8, hardcover) where on page 266 it states "Everybody knows that god classes are a bad idea. We don't want to concentrate all the intelligence of a system into a single object or a single function. One of the goals of OOD is the partitioning and distribution of behavior into many classes and many function." -- And then goes on to say sometimes its better to use God Classes anyway sometimes (Citing micro-controllers as an example). In Robert C Martin's "Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship" page 136 (And only this page) talks about the "God class" and calls it out as a prime example of a violation of the "classes should be small" rule he uses to promote the Single Responsibility Principle" starting on on page 138. The problem I have is all my references and citations come from the same person (Robert C. Martin), and am from the same single person/source. I am being told that because he is just one guy, my desire to not use "God Classes" is invalid and not accepted as a standard best practice in the software industry. Is this true? Am I doing things wrong from a technical perspective by trying to keep to the teaching of Uncle Bob? God Objects and Object Oriented Programming and Design: The more I think of this the more I think this is more something you learn when you study OOP and its never explicitly called out; Its implicit to good design is my thinking (Feel free to correct me, please, as I want to learn), The problem is I "know" this, but but not everybody does, so in this case its not considered a valid argument because I am effectively calling it out as universal truth when in fact most people are statistically ignorant of it since statistically most people are not programmers. Conclusion: I am at a loss on what to search for to get the best additional results to cite, since they are making a technical claim and I want to know the truth and be able to prove it with citations like a real engineer/scientist, even if I am biased against god objects due to my personal experience with code that used them. Any assistance or citations would be deeply appreciated.

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• Breaking up the Workday– Overcoming the Workaholic Syndrome

  - by dwahlin

  Hi, my name’s Dan Wahlin and I’m a workaholic – I admit it. It’s good from the standpoint that I get a lot done but it also has a lot of cons associated with it as well that I’m not proud of. I literally can’t watch TV without feeling like I should be doing something more productive (although I have no problem going to see movies at a theater or watching sporting events – that’s my escape I guess). On vacation it’s sometimes difficult the first few days to just “let go” of work and enjoy the time with my family. I always feel like I should be checking email and following up with different business projects. Fortunately, my wife knows me really well after 17 years of marriage and “gently” restricts my usage of laptops and other gadgets while we’re out. She also reminds me that constantly burying my face in gadgets just isn’t cool and shows a distinct lack of self control. On a given day I typically put in between 12 (at a minimum) up to 16-18 hours working on projects. My company does .NET consulting (ASP.NET/jQuery, SharePoint and Silverlight) but we also do a lot in the training space so there’s always a client project, some new courseware or some other deliverable that has to be worked on. My normal process for handling that is to just work my butt off and see how much I can get done. That process has worked well for a long time but when you start realizing that your happiness comes from how much work you accomplished that day then you have a problem. That’s especially true if you have kids (which I do….two awesome boys). It’s almost as if working more hours feels like I’m more successful or something which is of course ridiculous. It may actually mean that I’m too distracted or disorganized. Lately I’ve realized that while I’m still productive and always meet my deadlines, I’m really burnt out by the afternoon and have lost some of the excitement I used to have. Part of that’s normal I think given that I’ve been doing this for close to 15 years now, but in thinking through it more I realized that I just need to get away from the desk and take a break. By far, the happiest time of my life was my childhood. Part of that was due to having awesome parents, having far less responsibility (a big factor I suspect), being able to hang-out with friends at school, playing sports, games, etc. but I think a big part of the overall happiness came from being outside a lot. I lived on my bike as a little kid and as I grew up I shared time between riding an ATV all over the place, shooting hoops on the basketball court, playing golf and working on a golf course (all outside work of course).  Being a software developer and trainer I generally spend 95% or more of my day indoors and only see the sun when driving from place to place or by looking out the window (that’s sad because I live in a suburb of Phoenix, AZ where it’s nearly always sunny). I haven’t looked into any scientific studies on the matter, but I’d be willing to bet there’s a direct correlation between overall productivity/happiness and being outside some throughout the day (sunny or not). But, I wasn’t sure what to do about it since I do have a lot of deadlines I need to meet after all. While talking with my wife last night I mentioned how I feel like I’m in a rut and want to get the “fun” back that I used to have. She immediately said that I need to start making time for breaks (a real quick fact – she’s a lot smarter than me and nearly always right). Of course my first thought was that I’d be less productive taking breaks. If I spend 2 hours just relaxing then I’m losing 2 hours of work. But, I thought about it more and realized that I’m probably less productive when I work 10+ hours and only take less than 30 minutes for a lunch break to relax a little. I bet my brain is screaming, “Please let me relax a little so I can figure out these problems you’re trying to resolve!”. So, starting today I’m going to try to break the workaholic habit and spend time outside of the office. That could mean sitting around outside, working out, golfing, or whatever. I’ve decided that no gadgets are allowed during that time and that I shouldn’t work for more than 4 hours straight without taking a break. I have no idea how my little “break the workaholic syndrome” experiment will go or how long it will last, but I’d be very interested in hearing from others on how they keep fresh and focused without working yourself to death. If you have any specific ideas, techniques or practices you follow please share them. There’s a lot more to life than work and some of us (and I’m thinking of myself specifically) need to take a long, hard look at what kind of balance we currently have. I’d hate to look back at my life when I’m 80 years old and say, “The only thing I did was work – I missed out on life!”.

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• The Virtues and Challenges of Implementing Basel III: What Every CFO and CRO Needs To Know

  - by Jenna Danko

  The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is a group tasked with providing thought-leadership to the global banking industry.  Over the years, the BCBS has released volumes of guidance in an effort to promote stability within the financial sector.  By effectively communicating best-practices, the Basel Committee has influenced financial regulations worldwide.  Basel regulations are intended to help banks: More easily absorb shocks due to various forms of financial-economic stress Improve risk management and governance Enhance regulatory reporting and transparency In June 2011, the BCBS released Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems.  This new set of regulations included many enhancements to previous rules and will have both short and long term impacts on the banking industry.  Some of the key features of Basel III include: A stronger capital base More stringent capital standards and higher capital requirements Introduction of capital buffers  Additional risk coverage Enhanced quantification of counterparty credit risk Credit valuation adjustments  Wrong  way risk  Asset Value Correlation Multiplier for large financial institutions Liquidity management and monitoring Introduction of leverage ratio Even more rigorous data requirements To implement these features banks need to embark on a journey replete with challenges. These can be categorized into three key areas: Data, Models and Compliance. Data Challenges Data quality - All standard dimensions of Data Quality (DQ) have to be demonstrated.  Manual approaches are now considered too cumbersome and automation has become the norm. Data lineage - Data lineage has to be documented and demonstrated.  The PPT / Excel approach to documentation is being replaced by metadata tools.  Data lineage has become dynamic due to a variety of factors, making static documentation out-dated quickly.  Data dictionaries - A strong and clean business glossary is needed with proper identification of business owners for the data.  Data integrity - A strong, scalable architecture with work flow tools helps demonstrate data integrity.  Manual touch points have to be minimized.   Data relevance/coverage - Data must be relevant to all portfolios and storage devices must allow for sufficient data retention.  Coverage of both on and off balance sheet exposures is critical.   Model Challenges Model development - Requires highly trained resources with both quantitative and subject matter expertise. Model validation - All Basel models need to be validated. This requires additional resources with skills that may not be readily available in the marketplace.  Model documentation - All models need to be adequately documented.  Creation of document templates and model development processes/procedures is key. Risk and finance integration - This integration is necessary for Basel as the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) is calculated by Finance, yet Expected Loss (EL) is calculated by Risk Management – and they need to somehow be equal.  This is tricky at best from an implementation perspective.  Compliance Challenges Rules interpretation - Some Basel III requirements leave room for interpretation.  A misinterpretation of regulations can lead to delays in Basel compliance and undesired reprimands from supervisory authorities. Gap identification and remediation - Internal identification and remediation of gaps ensures smoother Basel compliance and audit processes.  However business lines are challenged by the competing priorities which arise from regulatory compliance and business as usual work.  Qualification readiness - Providing internal and external auditors with robust evidence of a thorough examination of the readiness to proceed to parallel run and Basel qualification  In light of new regulations like Basel III and local variations such as the Dodd Frank Act (DFA) and Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) in the US, banks are now forced to ask themselves many difficult questions.  For example, executives must consider: How will Basel III play into their Risk Appetite? How will they create project plans for Basel III when they haven’t yet finished implementing Basel II? How will new regulations impact capital structure including profitability and capital distributions to shareholders? After all, new regulations often lead to diminished profitability as well as an assortment of implementation problems as we discussed earlier in this note.  However, by requiring banks to focus on premium growth, regulators increase the potential for long-term profitability and sustainability.  And a more stable banking system: Increases consumer confidence which in turn supports banking activity  Ensures that adequate funding is available for individuals and companies Puts regulators at ease, allowing bankers to focus on banking Stability is intended to bring long-term profitability to banks.  Therefore, it is important that every banking institution takes the steps necessary to properly manage, monitor and disclose its risks.  This can be done with the assistance and oversight of an independent regulatory authority.  A spectrum of banks exist today wherein some continue to debate and negotiate with regulators over the implementation of new requirements, while others are simply choosing to embrace them for the benefits I highlighted above. Do share with me how your institution is coping with and embracing these new regulations within your bank. Dr. Varun Agarwal is a Principal in the Banking Practice for Capgemini Financial Services.  He has over 19 years experience in areas that span from enterprise risk management, credit, market, and to country risk management; financial modeling and valuation; and international financial markets research and analyses.

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• Anatomy of a .NET Assembly - CLR metadata 2

  - by Simon Cooper

  Before we look any further at the CLR metadata, we need a quick diversion to understand how the metadata is actually stored. Encoding table information As an example, we'll have a look at a row in the TypeDef table. According to the spec, each TypeDef consists of the following: Flags specifying various properties of the class, including visibility. The name of the type. The namespace of the type. What type this type extends. The field list of this type. The method list of this type. How is all this data actually represented? Offset & RID encoding Most assemblies don't need to use a 4 byte value to specify heap offsets and RIDs everywhere, however we can't hard-code every offset and RID to be 2 bytes long as there could conceivably be more than 65535 items in a heap or more than 65535 fields or types defined in an assembly. So heap offsets and RIDs are only represented in the full 4 bytes if it is required; in the header information at the top of the #~ stream are 3 bits indicating if the #Strings, #GUID, or #Blob heaps use 2 or 4 bytes (the #US stream is not accessed from metadata), and the rowcount of each table. If the rowcount for a particular table is greater than 65535 then all RIDs referencing that table throughout the metadata use 4 bytes, else only 2 bytes are used. Coded tokens Not every field in a table row references a single predefined table. For example, in the TypeDef extends field, a type can extend another TypeDef (a type in the same assembly), a TypeRef (a type in a different assembly), or a TypeSpec (an instantiation of a generic type). A token would have to be used to let us specify the table along with the RID. Tokens are always 4 bytes long; again, this is rather wasteful of space. Cutting the RID down to 2 bytes would make each token 3 bytes long, which isn't really an optimum size for computers to read from memory or disk. However, every use of a token in the metadata tables can only point to a limited subset of the metadata tables. For the extends field, we only need to be able to specify one of 3 tables, which we can do using 2 bits: 0x0: TypeDef 0x1: TypeRef 0x2: TypeSpec We could therefore compress the 4-byte token that would otherwise be needed into a coded token of type TypeDefOrRef. For each type of coded token, the least significant bits encode the table the token points to, and the rest of the bits encode the RID within that table. We can work out whether each type of coded token needs 2 or 4 bytes to represent it by working out whether the maximum RID of every table that the coded token type can point to will fit in the space available. The space available for the RID depends on the type of coded token; a TypeOrMethodDef coded token only needs 1 bit to specify the table, leaving 15 bits available for the RID before a 4-byte representation is needed, whereas a HasCustomAttribute coded token can point to one of 18 different tables, and so needs 5 bits to specify the table, only leaving 11 bits for the RID before 4 bytes are needed to represent that coded token type. For example, a 2-byte TypeDefOrRef coded token with the value 0x0321 has the following bit pattern: 0 3 2 1 0000 0011 0010 0001 The first two bits specify the table - TypeRef; the other bits specify the RID. Because we've used the first two bits, we've got to shift everything along two bits: 000000 1100 1000 This gives us a RID of 0xc8. If any one of the TypeDef, TypeRef or TypeSpec tables had more than 16383 rows (2^14 - 1), then 4 bytes would need to be used to represent all TypeDefOrRef coded tokens throughout the metadata tables. Lists The third representation we need to consider is 1-to-many references; each TypeDef refers to a list of FieldDef and MethodDef belonging to that type. If we were to specify every FieldDef and MethodDef individually then each TypeDef would be very large and a variable size, which isn't ideal. There is a way of specifying a list of references without explicitly specifying every item; if we order the MethodDef and FieldDef tables by the owning type, then the field list and method list in a TypeDef only have to be a single RID pointing at the first FieldDef or MethodDef belonging to that type; the end of the list can be inferred by the field list and method list RIDs of the next row in the TypeDef table. Going back to the TypeDef If we have a look back at the definition of a TypeDef, we end up with the following reprensentation for each row: Flags - always 4 bytes Name - a #Strings heap offset. Namespace - a #Strings heap offset. Extends - a TypeDefOrRef coded token. FieldList - a single RID to the FieldDef table. MethodList - a single RID to the MethodDef table. So, depending on the number of entries in the heaps and tables within the assembly, the rows in the TypeDef table can be as small as 14 bytes, or as large as 24 bytes. Now we've had a look at how information is encoded within the metadata tables, in the next post we can see how they are arranged on disk.

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