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  • Single or multiple return statements in a function [on hold]

    - by Juan Carlos Coto
    When writing a function that can have several different return values, particularly when different branches of code return different values, what is the cleanest or sanest way of returning? Please note the following are really contrived examples meant only to illustrate different styles. Example 1: Single return def my_function(): if some_condition: return_value = 1 elif another_condition: return_value = 2 else: return_value = 3 return return_value Example 2: Multiple returns def my_function(): if some_condition: return 1 elif another_condition: return 2 else: return 3 The second example seems simpler and is perhaps more readable. The first one, however, might describe the overall logic a bit better (the conditions affect the assignment of the value, not whether it's returned or not). Is the second way preferable to the first? Why?

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  • Ubuntu install and boot failure 11.10

    - by Robert Moody
    I installed Ubuntu 11.10 on my machine alongside Vista, and upgraded to 12.4. I decided I liked 11.10 better, so I tried to install that again as my only OS, except I increased the size of the swap file partition to 2 gigs. It boots up fine off the CD, but when I install, it gives me a non-specific error, and returns me to the desktop. When attempting to boot off the hard drive, I get a black screen with a blinking underscore that starts in the corner, drops a couple spaces, and stays there. I managed to install 9.04, and am currently using that. The computer is a little outdated, but was fired up for the very first time last week, so the hard drive is in new condition and the CD rom drive is fine too. Running a 3GHzX2 processor. I ran a memory test, which came back fine, and being new to the linux environment, I've been scratching my head for the last couple days. How can I fix this?

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  • Xubuntu Mail Watcher (XFCE Plugin) Won't Connect To IMAP

    - by Xophmeister
    I am trying to get the XFCE Mail Watcher panel plugin to check my IMAP mail, but it won't connect to my server. I have entered the details correctly -- they're exactly the same as those I use in Thunderbird -- but nothing! When I go to select the "New mail folders..." it returns with "Failed to get folder list". If I change my username from name@domain to name, I still get this error, but it takes a few seconds longer to appear. Nothing shows up in the log. If it makes a difference, my mail is hosted by Microsoft, in some way. Like I say, I can access it through Thurderbird using the IMAP credentials; but I have the Exchange 2010 web app, if I use webmail. Could this be the problem? (Thunderbird often complains with "Command Error. 12" with what it gets back from the server, but carries on regardless.)

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  • Running a startup program in terminal as sudo

    - by Brandon
    I need to run a python script in a terminal, myscript.py at startup (on Lubunt). This script requires root. I've setup a .desktop file that runs the following command: lxterminal --command="python /home/d/Jarvis/alarm.py && /bin/bash" The terminal window opens at startup and runs the script, but then closes when the Python script returns an error (because it's not being run as root). When I change the Exec= to this... lxterminal --command="sudo python /home/d/Jarvis/alarm.py && /bin/bash" ... (prefixing command with 'sudo') which works. However, the terminal opens on startup and displays the [sudo] password for d: \ prompt, requiring me to input my password. I would like the execution of the python script at startup to be completely automatic with no user interaction. How can I accomplish this?

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  • Why do I get an exception when playing multiple sound instances?

    - by Boreal
    Right now, I'm adding a rudimentary sound engine to my game. So far, I am able to load in a WAV file and play it once, then free up the memory when I close the game. However, the game crashes with a nice ArgumentOutOfBoundsException when I try to play another sound instance. Specified argument was out of the range of valid values. Parameter name: readLength I'm following this tutorial pretty much exactly, but I still keep getting the aforementioned error. Here's my sound-related code. /// <summary> /// Manages all sound instances. /// </summary> public static class Audio { static XAudio2 device; static MasteringVoice master; static List<SoundInstance> instances; /// <summary> /// The XAudio2 device. /// </summary> internal static XAudio2 Device { get { return device; } } /// <summary> /// Initializes the audio device and master track. /// </summary> internal static void Initialize() { device = new XAudio2(); master = new MasteringVoice(device); instances = new List<SoundInstance>(); } /// <summary> /// Releases all XA2 resources. /// </summary> internal static void Shutdown() { foreach(SoundInstance i in instances) i.Dispose(); master.Dispose(); device.Dispose(); } /// <summary> /// Registers a sound instance with the system. /// </summary> /// <param name="instance">Sound instance</param> internal static void AddInstance(SoundInstance instance) { instances.Add(instance); } /// <summary> /// Disposes any sound instance that has stopped playing. /// </summary> internal static void Update() { List<SoundInstance> temp = new List<SoundInstance>(instances); foreach(SoundInstance i in temp) if(!i.Playing) { i.Dispose(); instances.Remove(i); } } } /// <summary> /// Loads sounds from various files. /// </summary> internal class SoundLoader { /// <summary> /// Loads a .wav sound file. /// </summary> /// <param name="format">The decoded format will be sent here</param> /// <param name="buffer">The data will be sent here</param> /// <param name="soundName">The path to the WAV file</param> internal static void LoadWAV(out WaveFormat format, out AudioBuffer buffer, string soundName) { WaveStream wave = new WaveStream(soundName); format = wave.Format; buffer = new AudioBuffer(); buffer.AudioData = wave; buffer.AudioBytes = (int)wave.Length; buffer.Flags = BufferFlags.EndOfStream; } } /// <summary> /// Manages the data for a single sound. /// </summary> public class Sound : IAsset { WaveFormat format; AudioBuffer buffer; /// <summary> /// Loads a sound from a file. /// </summary> /// <param name="soundName">The path to the sound file</param> /// <returns>Whether the sound loaded successfully</returns> public bool Load(string soundName) { if(soundName.EndsWith(".wav")) SoundLoader.LoadWAV(out format, out buffer, soundName); else return false; return true; } /// <summary> /// Plays the sound. /// </summary> public void Play() { Audio.AddInstance(new SoundInstance(format, buffer)); } /// <summary> /// Unloads the sound from memory. /// </summary> public void Unload() { buffer.Dispose(); } } /// <summary> /// Manages a single sound instance. /// </summary> public class SoundInstance { SourceVoice source; bool playing; /// <summary> /// Whether the sound is currently playing. /// </summary> public bool Playing { get { return playing; } } /// <summary> /// Starts a new instance of a sound. /// </summary> /// <param name="format">Format of the sound</param> /// <param name="buffer">Buffer holding sound data</param> internal SoundInstance(WaveFormat format, AudioBuffer buffer) { source = new SourceVoice(Audio.Device, format); source.BufferEnd += (s, e) => playing = false; source.Start(); source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer); // THIS IS WHERE THE EXCEPTION IS THROWN playing = true; } /// <summary> /// Releases memory used by the instance. /// </summary> internal void Dispose() { source.Dispose(); } } The exception occurs on line 156 when I am playing the sound: source.SubmitSourceBuffer(buffer);

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  • Checking for DBNull

    - by Jim Lahman
    Using a table adapter to a SQL Server database table that returns a NULL record.  We determine the fields are NULL by comparing against System.DBNull Looking the NULL records in SQL Management studio   Using a table adapter to retrieve a record   1: try 2: { 3: this.vTrackingTableAdapter.FillByTrkZone(this.dsL1Write.vTracking, iTrkZone); 4: } 5: catch (Exception ex) 6: { 7: sLogMessage = String 8: .Format("Error getting coil number from tracking table at {0} - {1}", 9: sTrkName, 10: ex.Message); 11: throw new CannotReadTrackingTableException(sLogMessage); 12: }   Looking at the record as it returned from the table adapter:   ItemArrayObject Column [0] ChargeCoilNumber [1] HeadWeldZone [2] TailWeldZone [3] ZoneLen [4] ZoneCoilLen [5] Confirmed [6] Validated [7] EntryWidth [8] EntryThickness   Since each item in the ItemArray is an object, we can test for null   1: if (dsL1Write.vTracking.Rows[0].ItemArray[0] == System.DBNull.Value) 2: { 3: throw new NoCoilAtPORException("NULL coil found at tracking zone " + sTrkName); 4: }   If no records were returned by the table adapter 1: if (dsL1Write.vTracking.Rows.Count == 0) 2: { 3: throw new NoCoilAtPORException("No coils found at tracking zone " + sTrkName); 4: }

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  • How to get the correct battery status?

    - by GUI Junkie
    At this moment, ever since I installed Ubuntu on this machine, the battery status says: not present. Looking at this answer, however, I find that /proc/acpi/battery/BAT1/info (sometimes its /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/info, use tab complete to help) has the following info: present: yes design capacity: 4400 mAh last full capacity: 4400 mAh battery technology: rechargeable design voltage: 11100 mV design capacity warning: 300 mAh design capacity low: 132 mAh cycle count: 0 capacity granularity 1: 32 mAh capacity granularity 2: 32 mAh model number: BAT1 serial number: 11 battery type: 11 OEM info: 11 In accordance to this answer, I've checked the /proc/acpi/battery/BAT1/state file: present: yes capacity state: ok charging state: charged present rate: unknown remaining capacity: unknown present voltage: 10000 mV The acpi -b command returns: Battery 0: Unknown, 0%, rate information unavailable Any suggestions on getting the battery info updated?

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  • I don't have permission to access other drives

    - by mcjohnalds45
    After messing with the user accounts & names, I found I can't access my external drives without using sudo. So when I access one normally with cd "/media/john/FreeAgent Drive" I receive bash: cd: /media/john/FreeAgent Drive: Permission denied However, using sudo: sudo cd /media/john sudo ls -l It gives: drwx------ 1 john john 20480 Sep 24 10:45 FreeAgent Drive/ And id returns uid=1003(john) gid=1003(john) groups=1003(john), ... So I'm interpreting this is as "you are john, only john can access this drive, however, you cannot access this drive." I have tried sudo chown john:john "FreeAgent Drive" and sudo chmod o+rw "john/FreeAgent Drive"but I still can't access it.

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  • Auto completion (using the Tab key) on the new Ubuntu 11.10

    - by Shubhroe
    Earlier, when I used tab to auto-complete filenames (using the tab key) and if the filenames contained blank spaces or certain special characters, the name would be listed with backslashes '\' thrown in so that it could work with a preceding command like ls or rm. eg. Earlier if I had a file name called "The Four Seasons- Spring - Allegro.mp3" and this was the only file name starting with "The", when I typed "rm The" and Tab, it would complete itself to "rm The\ Four\ Seasons-\ Spring\ -\ Allegro.mp3" and I could subsequently press Enter and remove the file. However, lately what happens when I press Tab is the following: "rm The Four Seasons- Spring - Allegro.mp3" and if I now press Enter, it returns a bunch of errors because it thinks I want to remove a bunch of files (named The, Four, etc.). Does anyone else encounter the same problems and if yes, is there a good way to resolve this problem? Thanks!

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  • Google Webmaster Tools shows invalid data

    - by Altar
    Webmaster Tools shows 1 URL error (not found page). The report says that 5 pages are linking to a page (let's call it x) that does not exist (and because it doesn't exists it returns a soft 404). HOWEVER, I look in those 5 pages (in the source code) and none is linking to the x page. It is like Google sees an old page that was indeed pointing to x. What is the problem? How do I know if Google cached an old version for those 5 pages?

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  • How is this recursion properly working when it is iterated through [on hold]

    - by Rakso Zrobin
    Here is my code right now: hasht= {"A":["B", "D", "E"], "B":["C"], "C":["D", "E"], "D":["C", "E"], "E":["B"]} paths=[] def recusive(start, finish, started=true): if start==finish and !started: return start else: for i in hasht[start]: path= start+ recusive(i,finish,false) paths.append(path) print (recusive("C","C",1)) print paths # [CDC, CDEBC, CEBC] I am trying to generate a table like the one on the bottom, but am running into the problem of the string and the array not being able to concatenate. When I just return however, it returns CDC and works, however, exiting the function as return is meant to do. I am wondering how I can improve my code here to (1) make it work, (2) why my logic was faulty. For example, I understand that it generates say [DC], but I am confused as to how to go around that. perhaps index the value returned?

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  • 13.10 Unable to link Google account

    - by Lolwhites
    When I try to connect my Google account, the following happens: I open "Online Accounts" - the Google account appears in the left hand margin. When I highlight it, I am invited to grant access. On clicking on "Grant Access", I get a window with the following message: Erreur :invalid_request Invalid response_type: code&access_type=offline En savoir plus Détails de la requête response_type=code&access_type=offline scope=https://docs.google.com/feeds/ https://www.googleapis.com/auth/googletalk https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile https://picasaweb.google.com/data/ redirect_uri=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ client_id=759250720802-4sii0me9963n9fdqdmi7cepn6ub8luoh.apps.googleusercontent.com type=web_server Clicking the "Cancel" button returns me to Online Accounts, but a new window opens with the same error messages, and pops up repeatedly when I try to close it. I have tried to remove the account and re-add, but when I click on "Remove Account" I am asked if I'm sure, but nothing happens when I click "Remove"; the dialogue box disappears but the account stays. There's a bug report on Launchpad here but it says the bug has been fixed. Not for me, apparently...

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  • Missing return statement when using .charAt [migrated]

    - by Timothy Butters
    I need to write a code that returns the number of vowels in a word, I keep getting an error in my code asking for a missing return statement. Any solutions please? :3 import java.util.*; public class vowels { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Please type your name."); String name = input.nextLine(); System.out.println("Congratulations, your name has "+ countVowels(name) +" vowels."); } public static int countVowels(String str) { int count = 0; for (int i=0; i < str.length(); i++) { // char c = str.charAt(i); if (str.charAt(i) == 'a' || str.charAt(i) == 'e' || str.charAt(i) == 'o' || str.charAt(i) == 'i' || str.charAt(i) == 'u') count = count + 1; } } }

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  • jpegexiforient does not seem to work in 12.04

    - by Pointy
    In Ubuntu 12.04, the jpegexiforient command doesn't seem to work. I've got a .jpg file for which exif clearly shows (correct) EXIF orientation information, but running jpegexiforient on the file returns nothing. I don't particularly care about that command, but it makes exifautotran not work. I could (and might) rewrite that script to use exif instead, but I'm just wondering if there's something dumb I'm just doing wrong. I found this somewhat old bug report but its suggestion of running exif to update the setting didn't make any difference. Does jpegexiforient work for anybody?

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  • exporting a maya model to work with Playstation mobile Studio?

    - by spartan2417
    Ive just started to program in Playstation Mobile Studio for the PS vita. The Models that are available to use in Ps Development have to .mdk models. The studio comes with a a model converter that converts from DAE, FBX, XSI and X files. However ive tried converting a maya scene to both DAE and FBX files but the converter returns an error with no explanation. Ive even tried to use blender and the tutorial here: http://www.gamefromscratch.com/post/2012/04/30/Exporting-from-Blender-to-PS-Suite-Blender-to-Vita-in-under-5-minutes.aspx but this fails at the converter too. With regards to maya all i do is export the file with default settings. Anyone know any good tutorials on this or guess why this would be happening?

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  • Passing an objects rotation down through its children

    - by MintyAnt
    In my topdown 2d game you have a player with a sword, like an old Zelda game. The sword is a seperate entity, and its collision box "rotates" around the player like an orbit, but always follows the player wherever he goes. The player and sword both have a vector2 heading. The sword is a weapon object that is attached to the character. In order to allow swinging in a direction, I have the following property inside sword (RotateCopy returns a copy of the mHeading after rotation) public Vector2 Heading { get { return mHeading.RotateCopy(mOwner.Rotation); } } This seems a bit messy to me, and slower than it could be. Is there a better way to "translate" the base/owner component rotations through to whatever component I am using, like this sword? Would using a rotation MATRIX be better? (Curretnly rotates by sin/cos) If so, how can I "add" up the matrices? Thank you.

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  • Is there a name for this functional programming construct/pattern?

    - by dietbuddha
    I wrote a function and I'd like to find out if it is an implementation of some functional programming pattern or construct. I'd like to find out the name of this pattern or construct (if it exists)? I have a function which takes a list of functions and does this to them: wrap(fn1, fn2, fn3, fn4) # returns partial(fn4, partial(fn3, partial(fn2, fn1))) There are strong similarities to compose, reduce, and other fp metaprogramming constructs, since the functions are being arranged together and returned as one function. It also has strong similarities to decorators and Python context managers since it provides a way to encapsulate pre and post execution behaviors in one function. Which was the impetus for writing this function. I wanted the ability that context managers provide, but I wanted to be able to have it defined in one function, and to be able to layer function after function on top.

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  • Sudo Non-Password access to /sys/power/state

    - by John
    On my computer, pm-hibernate appears to be broken, however using the command echo disk > /sys/power/state appears to work perfectly. Now I just need regular user access to it, using sudo. How do I do this? The command sudo echo disk > /sys/power/state simply returns bash: /sys/power/state: Permission denied. Also, I need this in a regularly used script, how can I make it so that I don't have to type in my password for it to work???

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  • OpenGL Get Rotated X and Y of quad

    - by matejkramny
    I am developing a game in 2D using LWJGL library. So far I have a rotating box. I have done basic Rectangle collision, but it doesn't work for rotated rectangles. Does OpenGL have a function that returns the vertices of rotated rectangle? Or is there another way of doing this using trigonometry? I had researched how to do this and everything I found was using some matrix that I don't understand so I am asking if there is another way of doing this. For clarification, I am trying to find out the true (rotated) X,Y of each point of the rectangle. Let's say, the first point of a rectangle (top,left) has x=10 y=10.. Width and height is 100 pixels. When I rotate the rectangle using glRotatef() the x and y stay the same. The rotation is happening inside OpenGL. I need to extract the x,y of the rectangle so I can detect collisions properly.

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  • how can I contact Google about a domain misuse?

    - by questy
    I was trying to add a newer domain of mine to my existing Google Apps account with an already set primary domain. Google Apps then returns the message that the domain is already in use by another account. I tried finding a way to contact Google, but they have a wall up preventing anyone with an original Apps account from calling them. There's a help page saying to try retrieving the password, but how is that even possible? I don't know the email address of the owner of the Apps account using my domain, and I don't know his/her name on the account, so I can't complete the form for retrieving any of the information. Google Productforums is always a dead end. Does anyone here know how to force a removal of a domain on Google Apps from someone that doesn't own it?

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  • PHP, when to use iterators, how to buffer results?

    - by Jon L.
    When is it best to use Iterators in PHP, and how can they be implemented to best avoid loading all objects into memory simultaneously? Do any constructs exist in PHP so that we can queue up results of an operation for use with an Iterator, while again avoiding loading all objects into memory simultaneously? An example would be a curl HTTP request against a REST server In the case of an HTTP request that returns all results at once (a la curl), would we be better off to go with streaming results, and if so, are there any limitations or pitfalls to be aware of? If using streaming, is it better to replace curl with a PHP native stream/socket? My intention is to implement Iterators for a REST client, and separately a document ORM that I'm maintaining, but only if I can do so while gaining benefits from reduced memory usage, increased performance, etc. Thanks in advance for any responses :-)

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  • Is it bad form to stage a function's steps in intermediate variables (let bindings)?

    - by octopusgrabbus
    I find I tend to need intermediate variables. In Clojure that's in the form of let bindings, like cmp-result-1 and cmp-result-2 in the following function. (defn str-cmp "Takes two strings and compares them. Returns the string if a match; and nil if not." [str-1 str-2 start-pos substr-len] (let [cmp-result-1 (subs str-1 start-pos substr-len) cmp-result-2 (subs str-2 start-pos substr-len)] (compare cmp-result-1 cmp-result-2))) I could re-write this function without them, but to me, the function's purpose looks clearer. I tend to do this quite in a bit in my main, and that is primarily for debugging purposes, so I can pass a variable to print out intermediate output. Is this bad form, and, if so, why? Thanks.

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  • How to fix "error: unknown file system" on all available partitions

    - by Jonathan
    I've had a running problem with removing Linux from my Windows 7 laptop. Initially, it was installed as a dual-boot, and worked well. To remove, I deleted the partitions on my laptop. This removed grub, and I was left with needing to enter: set root=... set prefix=... insmod normal normal each restart. I didn't restore the Windows boot-loader and have since re-partitioned my drive. Now, upon reaching the command prompt screen, an ls query showshd0, with three partitions, but none of them have a recognizable boot-loader as each returns with error: unknown file system. Booting from a Windows 7 rescue disk doesn't seem to work, as it sends me to the same command prompt terminal. All I'm looking to do is restore the boot-loader, either grub or Windows 7. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • DRY, string, and unit testing

    - by Rodrigue
    I have a recurring question when writing unit tests for code that involves constant string values. Let's take an example of a method/function that does some processing and returns a string containing a pre-defined constant. In python, that would be something like: STRING_TEMPLATE = "/some/constant/string/with/%s/that/needs/interpolation/" def process(some_param): # We do some meaningful work that gives us a value result = _some_meaningful_action() return STRING_TEMPLATE % result If I want to unit test process, one of my tests will check the return value. This is where I wonder what the best solution is. In my unit test, I can: apply DRY and use the already defined constant repeat myself and rewrite the entire string def test_foo_should_return_correct_url(): string_result = process() # Applying DRY and using the already defined constant assert STRING_TEMPLATE % "1234" == string_result # Repeating myself, repeating myself assert "/some/constant/string/with/1234/that/needs/interpolation/" == url The advantage I see in the former is that my test will break if I put the wrong string value in my constant. The inconvenient is that I may be rewriting the same string over and over again across different unit tests.

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  • Best Practice to return responses from service

    - by A9S6
    I am writing a SOAP based ASP.NET Web Service having a number of methods to deal with Client objects. e.g: int AddClient(Client c) = returns Client ID when successful List GetClients() Client GetClientInfo(int clientId) In the above methods, the return value/object for each method corresponds to the "all good" scenario i.e. A client Id will be returned if AddClient was successful or a List< of Client objects will be returned by GetClients. But what if an error occurs, how do I convey the error message to the caller? I was thinking of having a Response class: Response { StatusCode, StatusMessage, Details } where Details will hold the actual response but in that case the caller will have to cast the response every time. What are your views on the above? Is there a better solution?

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