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  • After 10 Years, MySQL Still the Right Choice for ScienceLogic's "Best Network Monitoring System on the Planet"

    - by Rebecca Hansen
    ScienceLogic has a pretty fantastic network monitoring appliance.  So good in fact that InfoWorld gave it their "2013 Best Network Monitoring System on the Planet" award.  Inside their "ultraflexible, ultrascalable, carrier-grade" enterprise appliance, ScienceLogic relies on MySQL and has since their start in 2003.  Check out some of the things they've been able to do with MySQL and their reasons for continuing to use MySQL in these highlights from our new MySQL ScienceLogic case study. Science Logic's larger customers use their appliance to monitor and manage  20,000+ devices, each of which generates a steady stream of data and a workload that is 85% write. On a large system, the MySQL database: Averages 8,000 queries every second or about 1 billion queries a day Can reach 175,000 tables and up to 20 million rows in a single table Is 2 terabytes on average and up to 6 terabytes "We told our customers they could add more and more devices. With MySQL, we haven't had any problems. When our customers have problems, we get calls. Not getting calls is a huge benefit." Matt Luebke, ScienceLogic Chief Software Architect.? ScienceLogic was approached by a number of Big Data / NoSQL vendors, but decided against using a NoSQL-only solution. Said Matt, "There are times when you really need SQL. NoSQL can't show me the top 10 users of CPU, or show me the bottom ten consumer of hard disk. That's why we weren't interested in changing and why we are very interested in MySQL 5.6. It's great that it can do relational and key-value using memcached." The ScienceLogic team is very cautious about putting only very stable technology into their product, and according to Matt, MySQL has been very stable: "We've been using MySQL for 10 years and we have never had any reliability problems. Ever." ScienceLogic now uses SSDs for their write-intensive appliance and that change alone has helped them achieve a 5x performance increase. Learn more>> ScienceLogic MySQL Case Study MySQL 5.6 InnoDB Compression options for better SSD performance Tuning MySQL 5.6 for Great Product Performance - on demand webinar Developer and DBA Guide to MySQL 5.6 white paper Guide to MySQL and NoSQL: The Best of Both Worlds white paper

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  • Use a Fake Http Channel to Unit Test with HttpClient

    - by Steve Michelotti
    Applications get data from lots of different sources. The most common is to get data from a database or a web service. Typically, we encapsulate calls to a database in a Repository object and we create some sort of IRepository interface as an abstraction to decouple between layers and enable easier unit testing by leveraging faking and mocking. This works great for database interaction. However, when consuming a RESTful web service, this is is not always the best approach. The WCF Web APIs that are available on CodePlex (current drop is Preview 3) provide a variety of features to make building HTTP REST services more robust. When you download the latest bits, you’ll also find a new HttpClient which has been updated for .NET 4.0 as compared to the one that shipped for 3.5 in the original REST Starter Kit. The HttpClient currently provides the best API for consuming REST services on the .NET platform and the WCF Web APIs provide a number of extension methods which extend HttpClient and make it even easier to use. Let’s say you have a client application that is consuming an HTTP service – this could be Silverlight, WPF, or any UI technology but for my example I’ll use an MVC application: 1: using System; 2: using System.Net.Http; 3: using System.Web.Mvc; 4: using FakeChannelExample.Models; 5: using Microsoft.Runtime.Serialization; 6:   7: namespace FakeChannelExample.Controllers 8: { 9: public class HomeController : Controller 10: { 11: private readonly HttpClient httpClient; 12:   13: public HomeController(HttpClient httpClient) 14: { 15: this.httpClient = httpClient; 16: } 17:   18: public ActionResult Index() 19: { 20: var response = httpClient.Get("Person(1)"); 21: var person = response.Content.ReadAsDataContract<Person>(); 22:   23: this.ViewBag.Message = person.FirstName + " " + person.LastName; 24: 25: return View(); 26: } 27: } 28: } On line #20 of the code above you can see I’m performing an HTTP GET request to a Person resource exposed by an HTTP service. On line #21, I use the ReadAsDataContract() extension method provided by the WCF Web APIs to serialize to a Person object. In this example, the HttpClient is being passed into the constructor by MVC’s dependency resolver – in this case, I’m using StructureMap as an IoC and my StructureMap initialization code looks like this: 1: using StructureMap; 2: using System.Net.Http; 3:   4: namespace FakeChannelExample 5: { 6: public static class IoC 7: { 8: public static IContainer Initialize() 9: { 10: ObjectFactory.Initialize(x => 11: { 12: x.For<HttpClient>().Use(() => new HttpClient("http://localhost:31614/")); 13: }); 14: return ObjectFactory.Container; 15: } 16: } 17: } My controller code currently depends on a concrete instance of the HttpClient. Now I *could* create some sort of interface and wrap the HttpClient in this interface and use that object inside my controller instead – however, there are a few why reasons that is not desirable: For one thing, the API provided by the HttpClient provides nice features for dealing with HTTP services. I don’t really *want* these to look like C# RPC method calls – when HTTP services have REST features, I may want to inspect HTTP response headers and hypermedia contained within the message so that I can make intelligent decisions as to what to do next in my workflow (although I don’t happen to be doing these things in my example above) – this type of workflow is common in hypermedia REST scenarios. If I just encapsulate HttpClient behind some IRepository interface and make it look like a C# RPC method call, it will become difficult to take advantage of these types of things. Second, it could get pretty mind-numbing to have to create interfaces all over the place just to wrap the HttpClient. Then you’re probably going to have to hard-code HTTP knowledge into your code to formulate requests rather than just “following the links” that the hypermedia in a message might provide. Third, at first glance it might appear that we need to create an interface to facilitate unit testing, but actually it’s unnecessary. Even though the code above is dependent on a concrete type, it’s actually very easy to fake the data in a unit test. The HttpClient provides a Channel property (of type HttpMessageChannel) which allows you to create a fake message channel which can be leveraged in unit testing. In this case, what I want is to be able to write a unit test that just returns fake data. I also want this to be as re-usable as possible for my unit testing. I want to be able to write a unit test that looks like this: 1: [TestClass] 2: public class HomeControllerTest 3: { 4: [TestMethod] 5: public void Index() 6: { 7: // Arrange 8: var httpClient = new HttpClient("http://foo.com"); 9: httpClient.Channel = new FakeHttpChannel<Person>(new Person { FirstName = "Joe", LastName = "Blow" }); 10:   11: HomeController controller = new HomeController(httpClient); 12:   13: // Act 14: ViewResult result = controller.Index() as ViewResult; 15:   16: // Assert 17: Assert.AreEqual("Joe Blow", result.ViewBag.Message); 18: } 19: } Notice on line #9, I’m setting the Channel property of the HttpClient to be a fake channel. I’m also specifying the fake object that I want to be in the response on my “fake” Http request. I don’t need to rely on any mocking frameworks to do this. All I need is my FakeHttpChannel. The code to do this is not complex: 1: using System; 2: using System.IO; 3: using System.Net.Http; 4: using System.Runtime.Serialization; 5: using System.Threading; 6: using FakeChannelExample.Models; 7:   8: namespace FakeChannelExample.Tests 9: { 10: public class FakeHttpChannel<T> : HttpClientChannel 11: { 12: private T responseObject; 13:   14: public FakeHttpChannel(T responseObject) 15: { 16: this.responseObject = responseObject; 17: } 18:   19: protected override HttpResponseMessage Send(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) 20: { 21: return new HttpResponseMessage() 22: { 23: RequestMessage = request, 24: Content = new StreamContent(this.GetContentStream()) 25: }; 26: } 27:   28: private Stream GetContentStream() 29: { 30: var serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(T)); 31: Stream stream = new MemoryStream(); 32: serializer.WriteObject(stream, this.responseObject); 33: stream.Position = 0; 34: return stream; 35: } 36: } 37: } The HttpClientChannel provides a Send() method which you can override to return any HttpResponseMessage that you want. You can see I’m using the DataContractSerializer to serialize the object and write it to a stream. That’s all you need to do. In the example above, the only thing I’ve chosen to do is to provide a way to return different response objects. But there are many more features you could add to your own re-usable FakeHttpChannel. For example, you might want to provide the ability to add HTTP headers to the message. You might want to use a different serializer other than the DataContractSerializer. You might want to provide custom hypermedia in the response as well as just an object or set HTTP response codes. This list goes on. This is the just one example of the really cool features being added to the next version of WCF to enable various HTTP scenarios. The code sample for this post can be downloaded here.

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  • Network Your Computers & Devices: Step by Step

    - by The Geek
    If you’re looking for a great book to help you learn more about Windows home networking, there’s a new book on the market by our good friend Ciprian, and published by none other than Microsoft Press. Note: our friend Ciprian has been a guest contributor here on How-To Geek in the past, and he’s not only a geek that knows what he’s talking about, he’s also one of the more honest and decent people I’ve worked with. In his spare time, he runs the 7 Tutorials web site. The Book One of the great things about this book is that you aren’t limited to just Windows networking—it also explains how to connect Windows 7, XP, Vista, Mac OS X, and even Linux on the same network and share folders and devices between them. Everything in the book is written in a typical How-To Geek step-by-step format, with plenty of screenshots and pictures to help you through the process. Book Outline If you’re going to be spending some money on the book, you probably want to know what it’s all about, and since the Amazon page doesn’t give, well, much information at all, here’s the entire outline for you: Setting Up a Router and Devices Setting User Account on All Computers Setting Up Your Libraries on All Windows 7 Computers Creating the Network Customizing Network Sharing Settings in Windows 7 Creating the Homegroup and Joining Windows 7 Computers Sharing Libraries and Folders Sharing and Working with Devices Streaming Media Over the Network and the Internet Sharing Between Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 Computers Sharing Between Mac OS X and Windows 7 Computers Sharing Between Ubuntu Linux and Windows 7 Computers Keeping the Network Secure Setting Up Parental Controls Troubleshooting Network and Internet Problems It’s a great book, with loads of information, and compared to most tech books isn’t very expensive—only $19.79 for the paperback and $9.99 for the Kindle version. Well worth it, and hey, it’s an official Microsoft Press book—written by a How-To Geek guest author. Network Your Computers & Devices Step by Step [Amazon] Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How To Boot 10 Different Live CDs From 1 USB Flash Drive The 20 Best How-To Geek Linux Articles of 2010 The 50 Best How-To Geek Windows Articles of 2010 The 20 Best How-To Geek Explainer Topics for 2010 How to Disable Caps Lock Key in Windows 7 or Vista How to Use the Avira Rescue CD to Clean Your Infected PC 2011 International Space Station Calendar Available for Download (Free) Ultimate Elimination – Lego Black Ops [Video] BotSync Enables Secure FTP File Synchronization on Android Devices Enjoy Beautiful City Views with the Cityscape Theme for Windows 7 Luigi Installs Any OS on Google’s Cr-48 Notebook DIY iPad Stylus Offers Pen-Based Interaction on the Cheap

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  • Think It's Hard to Integrate the Front and Back Office? Think Again...

    - by ruth.donohue
    There's no doubt about it, fragmented customer information across application silos exist because integration isn't easy. It can be expensive. And it can be further complicated by proprietary architectures and vendors. But by leveraging Oracle Application Integration Architecure, Pillar Data Systems was able to integrate Oracle CRM On Demand with Oracle E-Business Suite in six weeks, reducing the time required to complete the integration by 50% and the maintenance by 20% to 25% to free IT resources to focus on strategic initiatives. Learn more...

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  • 12 Best WordPress Themes for Church

    - by Matt
    There are many word press church themes available in the market. We have shortlisted some of the best word press church themes are listed below. Ray of Light It is a premium Word Press church theme from designed for large and small churches, or church leaders who desire their own ministry website. This Beautiful theme [...] Related posts:21+ WordPress Photo Blog & Portfolio Themes 14+ WordPress Portfolio Themes 20+ Best Music WordPress Themes

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  • The Best Way to Update ATI AGP Driver

    It is extremely necessary to constantly update the ATI AGP driver to ensure that your system or machine is running without any hindrance. The latest version of the driver also helps to stabilize the ... [Author: Sunny Makkar - Computers and Internet - March 20, 2010]

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  • How to effectively use an overseas SEO team?

    - by Dan Gayle
    My company is currently in contract with a 20+ person team in the Philippines, previously used for comment linking and guest blogging spun content articles. This is a practice that we're stopping, but we don't want to sever our team because they work hard, they're really cheap, and they produce excellent accounting and reporting of their actions. What are ways that we can best put them to use as a link generating or content generating resource? Their English is fair, but not of high enough quality to use them for any direct content creation. Thanks

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  • When to use SOAP over REST

    So, how does REST based services differ from SOAP based services, and when should you use SOAP? Representational State Transfer (REST) implements the standard HTTP/HTTPS as an interface allowing clients to obtain access to resources based on requested URIs. An example of a URI may look like this http://mydomain.com/service/method?parameter=var1&parameter=var2. It is important to note that REST based services are stateless because http/https is natively stateless. One of the many benefits for implementing HTTP/HTTPS as an interface is can be found in caching. Caching can be done on a web service much like caching is done on requested web pages. Caching allows for reduced web server processing and increased response times because content is already processed and stored for immediate access. Typical actions performed by REST based services include generic CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) operations and operations that do not require state. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) on the other hand uses a generic interface in order to transport messages. Unlike REST, SOAP can use HTTP/HTTPS, SMTP, JMS, or any other standard transport protocols. Furthermore, SOAP utilizes XML in the following ways: Define a message Defines how a message is to be processed Defines the encoding of a message Lays out procedure calls and responses As REST aligns more with a Resource View, SOAP aligns more with a Method View in that business logic is exposed as methods typically through SOAP web service because they can retain state. In addition, SOAP requests are not cached therefore every request will be processed by the server. As stated before Soap does retain state and this gives it a special advantage over REST for services that need to preform transactions where multiple calls to a service are need in order to complete a task. Additionally, SOAP is more ideal for enterprise level services that implement standard exchange formats in the form of contracts due to the fact that REST does not currently support this. A real world example of where SOAP is preferred over REST can be seen in the banking industry where money is transferred from one account to another. SOAP would allow a bank to perform a transaction on an account and if the transaction failed, SOAP would automatically retry the transaction ensuring that the request was completed. Unfortunately, with REST, failed service calls must be handled manually by the requesting application. References: Francia, S. (2010). SOAP vs. REST. Retrieved 11 20, 2011, from spf13: http://spf13.com/post/soap-vs-rest Rozlog, M. (2010). REST and SOAP: When Should I Use Each (or Both)? Retrieved 11 20, 2011, from Infoq.com: http://www.infoq.com/articles/rest-soap-when-to-use-each

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  • Ralink-based USB Wi-Fi adapter drops connection after some time

    - by Hector Aguilar
    I have an Intellinet Wireless 150N USB adapter (based on a Ralink rt3070 chip) in an Ubuntu 10.10 installation. The problem is, that it's dropping the connection after being connected to a wireless network for 10 - 20 minutes. I have to unplug it and plug it in again every time this happens. I read somewhere, that I need to blacklist some chipset modules, but I don't how? And which ralink modules I have to blacklist? Thanks for your answers! :D

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  • HTML5 für APEX Entwickler: Anwendungen der nächsten Generation

    - by Carsten Czarski
    HTML5 ist nicht umsonst eines der meistdiskutierten Themen in der Anwendungsentwicklung: Es eröffnet dem Anwendungsentwickler völlig neue Möglichkeiten zur Gestaltung von Web-Benutzeroberflächen. So ist es möglich, mit HTML5 auf das GPS eines mobilen Geräts zuzugreifen - aber das ist bei weitem nicht alles: Mit SVG und CANVAS-Objekten wird es möglich, frei auf der Browseroberfläche zu zeichnen - die FileReader API erlaubt es, vom Anwender ausgewählte Dateien noch vor dem Hochladen auszulesen. Diese Möglichkeiten erlauben es, völlig neue Anwendungen zu entwickeln - eben Anwendungen der nächsten Generation. Im Webseminar am 8. November wurden einige der Möglichkeiten von HTML5 vorgestellt und gezeigt, wie man sie in APEX-Anwendungen nutzen kann. Die Foliensätze und APEX-Beispielanwendungen sind ab sofort verfügbar: https://apex.oracle.com/folien Schlüsselwort: apex-html5

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  • Pre-Loading von Tabellen in 11g

    - by Ulrike Schwinn (DBA Community)
    Tabellen und Indizes in den Cache zu laden, damit möglichst wenig I/O durchgeführt wird, ist eine häufig anzutreffende Anforderung. Diese Technik nennt man auch Pre-Loading oder Pre-Caching von Datenbank Objekten. Die Durchführung ist dabei sehr einfach. Gleich zu Beginn werden spezielle SQL Statements wie SELECT Statements mit Full Table Scan oder Index Scan durchgeführt, damit die entsprechenden Objekte vollständig in den Cache geladen werden können. Besonders interessant ist dieser Aspekt auch im Zusammenhang mit der Erstellung von Testumgebungen. Falls beispielsweise kein Warmup möglich ist, kann man bevor der eigentliche Test durchgeführt wird, bestimmte Tabellen und Indizes mit dieser Technik vorab in den Buffer Cache laden.  Der folgende Artikel zeigt wie man eine Tabelle in 11g in den Buffer Cache laden kann und gibt Tipps zur Durchführung.

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  • User connection management in Reporting Services configuration

    - by Testas
    IT professionals will use Reporting Services Configuration Manager to perform post installation tasks for SQL Server Reporting Services. Introduced in SQL Server 2005, Reporting Services Configuration Manager provides an intuitive interface to perform tasks including specifying the report server database, report manager url, and indeed one of the first post installation tasks that should be performed is backing up the encryption keys that are used to protect the sensitive information within the rdl files.  Many of the options that are selected within Reporting Services Configuration Manager are written to a number of configuration files including the rsreportserver.config file located in C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Report Server InstanceName\Reporting Services\ReportServer folder.When opening this file you will notice that there are more configuration settings within the rsreportserver.config file than is available through the Reporting Services Configuration Manager Interface. As a result there are additional configuration options that can be defined within this file.  A customer was having a problem performing stress tests against a new Report Server that would be going live for an enterprise reporting system. One aspect of the stress test was to fire 50 connections from a single user account. When performing the stress test an error described that the maximum active request had been exceeded. Within the rsreportserver.config, there is a key that is added to the file:  <Add Key=”MaxActiveReqForOneUser” Value=”20”/>  Changing the value from 20 to 50 accommodated the needs of the stress test, however, a wider question should be asked pertaining to this setting when implementing Reporting Services to a production environment. Within an intranet environment, the default setting is appropriate when network bandwidth is high, users are known and demand for reports is particularly high from a group of users.  However, when deploying a Reporting Server solution to an extranet, or the internet, you may want to consider reducing this setting to reduce to scope of connections that can be acquired by a single user and placing unnecessary pressure on the report server. I do hope that Reporting Services Configuration Manager evolves to include an advanced page that includes an intuitive interface to change configuration settings such as the MaxActiveReqForOneUser, and also configure rendering and data extensions and define secure connection levels to the report server. All these options can be configured within the rsreportserver.config file, and these are setting that customers would like to see in Reporting Services Configuration Manager in the future.   If you think that the SQL community would benefit from this addition, you can vote on it at Microsoft Connect  https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/565575/extending-reporting-services-configuration-manager-rscm    

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  • Chrome and Firefox not able to find some sites after Ubuntu's recent update?

    - by gkr
    Loading of revision3.com in Chrome stops and status saying "waiting for static.inplay.tubemogul.com" grooveshark.com in Chrome never loads But wikipedia.org, google.com works just normal same behavior in Firefox too. I use wired DSL connection in Ubuntu 12.04. I guess this started happening after I upgraded the Chrome browser or Flash plugin few days ago from Ubuntu updates through update-manager. Thanks EDIT: Everything works normal in my WinXP. Problem is only in Ubuntu 12.04. This is what I get when I use wget gkr@gkr-desktop:~$ wget revision3.com --2012-06-12 08:58:01-- http://revision3.com/ Resolving revision3.com (revision3.com)... 173.192.117.198 Connecting to revision3.com (revision3.com)|173.192.117.198|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/html] Saving to: `index.html' [ ] 81,046 32.0K/s in 2.5s 2012-06-12 08:58:04 (32.0 KB/s) - `index.html' saved [81046] gkr@gkr-desktop:~$ wget static.inplay.tubemogul.com --2012-06-12 08:51:25-- http://static.inplay.tubemogul.com/ Resolving static.inplay.tubemogul.com (static.inplay.tubemogul.com)... 72.21.81.253 Connecting to static.inplay.tubemogul.com (static.inplay.tubemogul.com)|72.21.81.253|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found 2012-06-12 08:51:25 ERROR 404: Not Found. grooveshark.com nevers responses so I have to Ctrl+C to terminate wget. gkr@gkr-desktop:~$ wget grooveshark.com --2012-06-12 08:51:33-- http://grooveshark.com/ Resolving grooveshark.com (grooveshark.com)... 8.20.213.76 Connecting to grooveshark.com (grooveshark.com)|8.20.213.76|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... ^C gkr@gkr-desktop:~$ This is the apt term.log of updates I mentioned Log started: 2012-06-09 04:51:45 (Reading database ... (Reading database ... 5% (Reading database ... 10% (Reading database ... 15% (Reading database ... 20% (Reading database ... 25% (Reading database ... 30% (Reading database ... 35% (Reading database ... 40% (Reading database ... 45% (Reading database ... 50% (Reading database ... 55% (Reading database ... 60% (Reading database ... 65% (Reading database ... 70% (Reading database ... 75% (Reading database ... 80% (Reading database ... 85% (Reading database ... 90% (Reading database ... 95% (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 161392 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace google-chrome-stable 19.0.1084.52-r138391 (using .../google-chrome-stable_19.0.1084.56-r140965_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement google-chrome-stable ... Preparing to replace libpulse0 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../libpulse0_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement libpulse0 ... Preparing to replace libpulse-mainloop-glib0 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../libpulse-mainloop-glib0_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement libpulse-mainloop-glib0 ... Preparing to replace libpulsedsp 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../libpulsedsp_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement libpulsedsp ... Preparing to replace sudo 1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.2 (using .../sudo_1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.3_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement sudo ... Preparing to replace flashplugin-installer 11.2.202.235ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../flashplugin-installer_11.2.202.236ubuntu0.12.04.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement flashplugin-installer ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio-utils 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio-utils_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio-utils ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio-module-gconf 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio-module-gconf_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio-module-gconf ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio-module-x11 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio-module-x11_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio-module-x11 ... Preparing to replace shared-mime-info 1.0-0ubuntu4 (using .../shared-mime-info_1.0-0ubuntu4.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement shared-mime-info ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio-module-bluetooth 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio-module-bluetooth_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio-module-bluetooth ... Processing triggers for menu ... /usr/share/menu/downverter.menu: 1: /usr/share/menu/downverter.menu: Syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")") Processing triggers for man-db ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Processing triggers for update-notifier-common ... flashplugin-installer: downloading http://archive.canonical.com/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/adobe-flashplugin_11.2.202.236.orig.tar.gz Installing from local file /tmp/tmpNrBt4g.gz Flash Plugin installed. Processing triggers for doc-base ... Processing 1 changed doc-base file... Registering documents with scrollkeeper... Setting up google-chrome-stable (19.0.1084.56-r140965) ... Setting up libpulse0 (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up libpulsedsp (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up sudo (1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.3) ... Installing new version of config file /etc/pam.d/sudo ... Setting up flashplugin-installer (11.2.202.236ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Setting up pulseaudio-utils (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up pulseaudio (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up pulseaudio-module-gconf (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up pulseaudio-module-x11 (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up shared-mime-info (1.0-0ubuntu4.1) ... Setting up pulseaudio-module-bluetooth (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Processing triggers for menu ... /usr/share/menu/downverter.menu: 1: /usr/share/menu/downverter.menu: Syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")") Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Log ended: 2012-06-09 04:53:32 This is from history.log Start-Date: 2012-06-09 04:51:45 Commandline: aptdaemon role='role-commit-packages' sender=':1.56' Upgrade: shared-mime-info:i386 (1.0-0ubuntu4, 1.0-0ubuntu4.1), pulseaudio:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), libpulse-mainloop-glib0:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), sudo:i386 (1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.2, 1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.3), pulseaudio-module-bluetooth:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), pulseaudio-module-x11:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), flashplugin-installer:i386 (11.2.202.235ubuntu0.12.04.1, 11.2.202.236ubuntu0.12.04.1), pulseaudio-utils:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), pulseaudio-module-gconf:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), libpulse0:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), libpulsedsp:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), google-chrome-stable:i386 (19.0.1084.52-r138391, 19.0.1084.56-r140965) End-Date: 2012-06-09 04:53:32

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  • Joomla Template Club Makes Your Web Design a Breeze

    Building a new web site will be a lot of trouble when you begin looking at all the minute details. You have to find a company that can provide you with a domain name that is offered and expresses the... [Author: Joel Morrison - Web Design and Development - April 20, 2010]

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  • Filling array with numbers from given range so that sum of adjacent numbers is square number

    - by REACHUS
    Problem: Fill all the cells using distinct numbers from <1,25 set, so that sum of two adjacent cells is a square number. (source: http://grymat.im.pwr.wroc.pl/etap1/zad1etp1213.pdf; numbers 20 and 13 have been given) I've already solved this problem analytically and now I would like to approach it using an algorithm. I would like to know how should I approach these kind of problems in general (not a solution, just a point for me to start).

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  • Oracle Business Intelligence

    - by [email protected]
    Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition Plus:Link: http://education.oracle.com/pls/web_prod-plq-dad/db_pages.getpage?page_id=41&p_exam_id=1Z0_526 Oracle BI EE 10.1.3 Implementation Boot Camp Link: http://education.oracle.com/pls/web_prod-plq-dad/db_pages.getpage?page_id=4&dc=D64292GC10 Cinisello Balsamo Data: 21 giugno 2010 - 25 giugno 2010 Prezzo: 1.800 euro - sconto OPN (20% o 25%) = 1.350 euro

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  • Openconnect problems on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by Fendrix
    Getting problems on the Ubuntu 11.04 for openconnect... the failure after connecting says: Got CONNECT response: HTTP/1.1 200 OK CSTP connected. DPD 30, Keepalive 20 Connected tun0 as 172.21.246.21, using SSL DTLS handshake failed: 2 I thought it is a kernel fault so I updated to 12.04 which didn't change the message. It could be that the vpnc-script has the problem. Is there any workaround for this issue ? I already got the vpnc package and downloaded the /etc/vpnc/vpnc-script

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  • Oracle WebLogic Server - Technologietage

    - by franziska.schneider(at)oracle.com
    Dieser Technologietag richtet sich insbesondere an Interessierte, die den Oracle WebLogic Server bereits im Einsatz haben und sich einen umfassenden technischen Überblick verschaffen wollen bzw. sich für die Neuerungen des aktuellen Releases interessieren. Folgende Themen werden im Rahmen des WLS Technologietages betrachtet: Design und Architektur - Entwicklung - Diagnose und Optimierung - Administration und Betrieb - Virtualisierung und Cloud Stuttgart am 29. März 2011München am 30. März 2011Frankfurt am 31.März 2011Düsseldorf am 6. April 2011Hamburg am 12. April 2011Potsdam am 13.April 2011 Der Teilnehmerkreis ist auf 25 Personen begrenzt. Bitte melden Sie sich bei uns und wir senden Ihnen das Anmeldeformular umgehend zu.

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  • How do I get long command lines to wrap to the next line?

    - by BrianH
    Edit It was my .bashrc file. I've copied the same profile from machine to machine, and I used special characters in my $PS1 that are somehow throwing it off. I'm now sticking with the standard bash variables for my $PS1. Thanks to @ændrük for the tip on the .bashrc! ...End Edit... Something I have noticed in Ubuntu for a long time that has been frustrating to me is when I am typing a command at the command line that gets longer (wider) than the terminal width, instead of wrapping to a new line, it goes back to column 1 on the same line and starts over-writing the beginning of my command line. (It doesn't actually overwrite the actual command, but visually, it is overwriting the text that was displayed). It's hard to explain without seeing it, but let's say my terminal was 20 characters wide (Mine is more like 120 characters - but for the sake of an example), and I want to echo the English alphabet. What I type is this: echo abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz But what my terminal looks like before I hit the key is: pqrstuvwxyzghijklmno When I hit enter, it echos abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz so I know the command was received properly. It just wrapped my typing after the "o" and started over on the same line. What I would expect to happen, if I typed this command in on a terminal that was only 20 characters wide would be this: echo abcdefghijklmno pqrstuvwxyz Background: I am using bash as my shell, and I have this line in my ~/.bashrc: set -o vi to be able to navigate the command line with VI commands. I am currently using Ubuntu 10.10 server, and connecting to the server with Putty. In any other environment I have worked in, if I type a long command line, it will add a new line underneath the line I am working on when my command gets longer than the terminal width and when I keep typing I can see my command on 2 different lines. But for as long as I can remember using Ubuntu, my long commands only occupy 1 line. This also happens when I am going back to previous commands in the history (I hit Esc, then 'K' to go back to previous commands) - when I get to a previous command that was longer than the terminal width, the command line gets mangled and I cannot tell where I am at in the command. The only work-around I have found to see the entire long command is to hit "Esc-V", which opens up the current command in a VI editor. I don't think I have anything odd in my .bashrc file. I commented out the "set -o vi" line, and I still had the problem. I downloaded a fresh copy of Putty and didn't make any changes to the configuration - I just typed in my host name to connect, and I still have the problem, so I don't think it's anything with Putty (unless I need to make some config changes) Has anyone else had this problem, and can anyone think of how to fix it? Thanks in advance! Brian

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  • Transmission torrent client very inconsistent speeds

    - by mark kirby
    I have inconsistent download speed using the transmission bit torrent client. The speed will vary greatly between 400kb and 1kb per second (My internet is crap 400kb is a acceptable maximum). I also noticed that even though hundreds of peers are available Transmission will only connect to about 20 at any time (I have set the connection limit to 200 per torrent and 500 max). I hope someone know a fix.

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  • Unable to connect to Wireless after installing Ubuntu 12.10

    - by Moulik
    I am using Asus U56E laptop and after installing Ubuntu 12.10 alongside Windows 8, I am unable to connect to the Wireless. I have been trying to solve this problem since two weeks and couldn't solve it. Please help. Any answer would be appreciated. Here are some command-line results. lspci -v | grep -iA 7 network ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lspci -v | grep -iA 7 network 02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150 (rev 67) Subsystem: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150 BGN Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 52 Memory at de800000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi Kernel modules: iwlwifi lsmod | grep iwlwifi ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lsmod | grep iwlwifi iwlwifi 386826 0 mac80211 539908 1 iwlwifi cfg80211 206566 2 iwlwifi,mac80211 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ dmesg | grep iwlwifi [ 57.846261] iwlwifi: Intel(R) Wireless WiFi Link AGN driver for Linux, in-tree: [ 57.846264] iwlwifi: Copyright(c) 2003-2012 Intel Corporation [ 57.846336] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >pci_resource_len = 0x00002000 [ 57.846338] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >pci_resource_base = ffffc90000c7c000 [ 57.846341] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >HW Revision ID = 0x67 [ 57.846438] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >irq 52 for MSI/MSI-X [ 59.558335] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >loaded firmware version 41.28.5.1 build 33926 [ 59.558514] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEBUG disabled [ 59.558516] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEBUGFS enabled [ 59.558517] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEVICE_TRACING enabled [ 59.558519] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEVICE_TESTMODE enabled [ 59.558520] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >CONFIG_IWLWIFI_P2P disabled [ 59.558522] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >Detected Intel(R) Centrino(R) Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150 BGN, REV=0x84 [ 59.558583] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 59.569083] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >device EEPROM VER=0x557, CALIB=0x6 [ 59.569085] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >Device SKU: 0x150 [ 59.569087] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >Valid Tx ant: 0x1, Valid Rx ant: 0x3 [ 59.569100] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >Tunable channels: 13 802.11bg, 0 802.11a channels [ 70.208469] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 70.208648] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >Radio type=0x1-0x2-0x0 [ 70.366319] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 70.366470] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: >Radio type=0x1-0x2-0x0 sudo lshw -c network ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lshw -c network *-network description: Wireless interface product: Centrino Wireless-N + WiMAX 6150 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 67 serial: 40:25:c2:84:99:c4 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=3.5.0-17-generic firmware=41.28.5.1 build 33926 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:52 memory:de800000-de801fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8151 v2.0 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c0 serial: 54:04:a6:2b:6a:ef capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.0-NAPI latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:54 memory:dd400000-dd43ffff ioport:a000(size=128) ifconfig ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:04:a6:2b:6a:ef UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:176 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:176 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:14368 (14.3 KB) TX bytes:14368 (14.3 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 40:25:c2:84:99:c4 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) iwconfig ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ iwconfig eth0 no wireless extensions. lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=15 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off iwlist scan ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ iwlist scan eth0 Interface doesn't support scanning. lo Interface doesn't support scanning. wlan0 No scan results nm-tool ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ nm-tool NetworkManager Tool State: disconnected - Device: eth0 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: atl1c State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: 54:04:A6:2B:6A:EF Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Wired Properties Carrier: off - Device: wlan0 ---------------------------------------------------------------- Type: 802.11 WiFi Driver: iwlwifi State: disconnected Default: no HW Address: 40:25:C2:84:99:C4 Capabilities: Wireless Properties WEP Encryption: yes WPA Encryption: yes WPA2 Encryption: yes Wireless Access Points hypeness2: Infra, 00:21:29:DA:08:4F, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 42 WPA love: Infra, 68:7F:74:17:02:66, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 19 WPA WPA2 DIRECT-MwSCX-3400Pamela: Infra, 02:15:99:A3:3F:AC, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 22 WPA2 router: Infra, 1C:AF:F7:D6:76:F3, Freq 2417 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 20 WPA2 wing: Infra, E8:40:F2:34:E4:F7, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 20 WPA WPA2 132LINKSYS: Infra, 00:1A:70:80:1F:E9, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 57 WEP VMITTAL: Infra, E0:46:9A:3C:F0:C4, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 27 WEP HP-Print-10-LaserJet 1025: Infra, 7C:E9:D3:7E:F8:10, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 59 ACNBB: Infra, 00:26:75:22:A6:2F, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 20 SATKAIVAL: Infra, 00:18:E7:CE:69:A6, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 69 WPA WPA2 hypeness: Infra, B8:E6:25:24:C3:B1, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 54 WPA WPA2 CSNetwork: Infra, BC:14:01:58:C5:88, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 25 WPA WPA2 tharma: Infra, BC:14:01:E2:06:18, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 15 WPA WPA2 Active2.4: Infra, 10:6F:3F:0E:F3:8E, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 17 WPA WPA2 ACNBB: Infra, 00:26:75:58:4E:7A, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 85 KO: Infra, BC:14:01:2E:AF:A8, Freq 2452 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 22 WPA WPA2 FEAR: Infra, 00:18:4D:C0:BC:58, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 17 WPA Pamela: Infra, BC:14:01:52:F6:F8, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 24 WPA WPA2 bvrk2: Infra, 78:CD:8E:7B:3C:79, Freq 2457 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 19 WPA WPA2 BELL030: Infra, D8:6C:E9:17:AF:09, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 22 WPA2 Desai: Infra, 00:1D:7E:52:FB:C5, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 14 WEP Sritharan: Infra, BC:14:01:E5:59:78, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 19 WPA WPA2 PFN: Infra, 00:13:10:8B:CF:45, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 19 WEP rfkill list all ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ rfkill list all 0: asus-wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: asus-wimax: WiMAX Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 2: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no so these are some more results sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1 echo "blacklist asus_wmi" | sudo tee -a /etcmodprobe.d/blacklist.conf ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ echo "blacklist asus_wmi" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf blacklist asus_wmi echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1 sudo modprobe -rfv iwlwifi ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo modprobe -rfv iwlwifi rmmod /lib/modules/3.5.0-17-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwlwifi.ko rmmod /lib/modules/3.5.0-17-generic/kernel/net/mac80211/mac80211.ko rmmod /lib/modules/3.5.0-17-generic/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko sudo modprobe -v iwlwifi ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo modprobe -v iwlwifi insmod /lib/modules/3.5.0-17-generic/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko insmod /lib/modules/3.5.0-17-generic/kernel/net/mac80211/mac80211.ko insmod /lib/modules/3.5.0-17-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwlwifi.ko 11n_disable=1

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  • What is the rationale behind snazzy Window Managers/Composers?

    - by Emanuele
    This is more of a generic question, based on trying out Window Managers like Awesome, Mate and others. To me looks like that other Window Managers like Gnome3 and/or Unity are heavy and pointless. I do understand that having all the composed UIs is more pleasant for the eye, but apart that, what are the other major benefits? To make an example, when I run the game Heroes of Newerth (using nVidia drivers) under: Unity : the FPS drops sharply Gnome3 : FPS is ok, but X and other processes use 15~20% of CPU and quite some additional memory Awesome : FPS is ok, and other processes use very little memory and CPU Below some numbers regarding what I'm saying (please note my system is 64 bit, AMD Phenom II X4, 8 GB RAM, nd nVidia 470 GTX, SSD disk). All data is sorted by mem usage (watch -d -n 10 "ps -e -o pcpu,pmem,pid,user,cmd --sort=-pmem | head -20"); again note that CPU time of ./hon-x86_64 might be different due to the fact I can't take the snapshot of the system during exactly same time. Awesome: %CPU %MEM PID USER CMD 91.8 21.6 3579 ema ./hon-x86_64 2.4 0.9 3223 root /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch 1.6 0.4 2600 ema /usr/lib/erlang/erts-5.8.5/bin/beam.smp -Bd -K true -A 4 -- -root /usr/lib/erlang -progname erl -- -home /home/ema -- -noshell -noinp 0.3 0.2 3602 ema gnome-terminal 0.0 0.2 2698 ema /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/desktopcouch/desktopcouch-service Gnome3: %CPU %MEM PID USER CMD 82.7 21.0 5528 ema ./hon-x86_64 17.7 1.7 5315 ema /usr/bin/gnome-shell 5.8 1.2 5062 root /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch 1.0 0.4 5657 ema /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/ubuntuone-client/ubuntuone-syncdaemon 0.7 0.3 5331 ema nautilus -n 1.6 0.3 2600 ema /usr/lib/erlang/erts-5.8.5/bin/beam.smp -Bd -K true -A 4 -- -root /usr/lib/erlang -progname erl -- -home /home/ema -- - 0.9 0.2 5451 ema gnome-terminal 0.1 0.2 5400 ema /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/desktopcouch/desktopcouch-service Unity 3D: %CPU %MEM PID USER CMD 87.2 21.1 6554 ema ./hon-x86_64 10.7 2.6 6105 ema compiz 17.8 1.1 5842 root /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch 1.3 0.9 6672 root /usr/bin/python /usr/sbin/aptd 0.4 0.4 6606 ema /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/ubuntuone-client/ubuntuone-syncdaemon 0.5 0.3 6115 ema nautilus -n 1.5 0.3 2600 ema /usr/lib/erlang/erts-5.8.5/bin/beam.smp -Bd -K true -A 4 -- -root /usr/lib/erlang -progname erl -- -home /home/ema -- -noshell -noinput -sasl errl 0.3 0.2 6180 ema /usr/lib/unity/unity-panel-service So my point is, what's the rationale behind going towards such heavy WMs/Composers?

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  • DTracing TCP congestion control

    - by user12820842
    In a previous post, I showed how we can use DTrace to probe TCP receive and send window events. TCP receive and send windows are in effect both about flow-controlling how much data can be received - the receive window reflects how much data the local TCP is prepared to receive, while the send window simply reflects the size of the receive window of the peer TCP. Both then represent flow control as imposed by the receiver. However, consider that without the sender imposing flow control, and a slow link to a peer, TCP will simply fill up it's window with sent segments. Dealing with multiple TCP implementations filling their peer TCP's receive windows in this manner, busy intermediate routers may drop some of these segments, leading to timeout and retransmission, which may again lead to drops. This is termed congestion, and TCP has multiple congestion control strategies. We can see that in this example, we need to have some way of adjusting how much data we send depending on how quickly we receive acknowledgement - if we get ACKs quickly, we can safely send more segments, but if acknowledgements come slowly, we should proceed with more caution. More generally, we need to implement flow control on the send side also. Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance From RFC2581, let's examine the relevant variables: "The congestion window (cwnd) is a sender-side limit on the amount of data the sender can transmit into the network before receiving an acknowledgment (ACK). Another state variable, the slow start threshold (ssthresh), is used to determine whether the slow start or congestion avoidance algorithm is used to control data transmission" Slow start is used to probe the network's ability to handle transmission bursts both when a connection is first created and when retransmission timers fire. The latter case is important, as the fact that we have effectively lost TCP data acts as a motivator for re-probing how much data the network can handle from the sending TCP. The congestion window (cwnd) is initialized to a relatively small value, generally a low multiple of the sending maximum segment size. When slow start kicks in, we will only send that number of bytes before waiting for acknowledgement. When acknowledgements are received, the congestion window is increased in size until cwnd reaches the slow start threshold ssthresh value. For most congestion control algorithms the window increases exponentially under slow start, assuming we receive acknowledgements. We send 1 segment, receive an ACK, increase the cwnd by 1 MSS to 2*MSS, send 2 segments, receive 2 ACKs, increase the cwnd by 2*MSS to 4*MSS, send 4 segments etc. When the congestion window exceeds the slow start threshold, congestion avoidance is used instead of slow start. During congestion avoidance, the congestion window is generally updated by one MSS for each round-trip-time as opposed to each ACK, and so cwnd growth is linear instead of exponential (we may receive multiple ACKs within a single RTT). This continues until congestion is detected. If a retransmit timer fires, congestion is assumed and the ssthresh value is reset. It is reset to a fraction of the number of bytes outstanding (unacknowledged) in the network. At the same time the congestion window is reset to a single max segment size. Thus, we initiate slow start until we start receiving acknowledgements again, at which point we can eventually flip over to congestion avoidance when cwnd ssthresh. Congestion control algorithms differ most in how they handle the other indication of congestion - duplicate ACKs. A duplicate ACK is a strong indication that data has been lost, since they often come from a receiver explicitly asking for a retransmission. In some cases, a duplicate ACK may be generated at the receiver as a result of packets arriving out-of-order, so it is sensible to wait for multiple duplicate ACKs before assuming packet loss rather than out-of-order delivery. This is termed fast retransmit (i.e. retransmit without waiting for the retransmission timer to expire). Note that on Oracle Solaris 11, the congestion control method used can be customized. See here for more details. In general, 3 or more duplicate ACKs indicate packet loss and should trigger fast retransmit . It's best not to revert to slow start in this case, as the fact that the receiver knew it was missing data suggests it has received data with a higher sequence number, so we know traffic is still flowing. Falling back to slow start would be excessive therefore, so fast recovery is used instead. Observing slow start and congestion avoidance The following script counts TCP segments sent when under slow start (cwnd ssthresh). #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet tcp:::connect-request / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 0/ { start[args[1]-cs_cid] = 1; } tcp:::send / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 1 && args[3]-tcps_cwnd tcps_cwnd_ssthresh / { @c["Slow start", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } tcp:::send / start[args[1]-cs_cid] == 1 && args[3]-tcps_cwnd args[3]-tcps_cwnd_ssthresh / { @c["Congestion avoidance", args[2]-ip_daddr, args[4]-tcp_dport] = count(); } As we can see the script only works on connections initiated since it is started (using the start[] associative array with the connection ID as index to set whether it's a new connection (start[cid] = 1). From there we simply differentiate send events where cwnd ssthresh (congestion avoidance). Here's the output taken when I accessed a YouTube video (where rport is 80) and from an FTP session where I put a large file onto a remote system. # dtrace -s tcp_slow_start.d ^C ALGORITHM RADDR RPORT #SEG Slow start 10.153.125.222 20 6 Slow start 138.3.237.7 80 14 Slow start 10.153.125.222 21 18 Congestion avoidance 10.153.125.222 20 1164 We see that in the case of the YouTube video, slow start was exclusively used. Most of the segments we sent in that case were likely ACKs. Compare this case - where 14 segments were sent using slow start - to the FTP case, where only 6 segments were sent before we switched to congestion avoidance for 1164 segments. In the case of the FTP session, the FTP data on port 20 was predominantly sent with congestion avoidance in operation, while the FTP session relied exclusively on slow start. For the default congestion control algorithm - "newreno" - on Solaris 11, slow start will increase the cwnd by 1 MSS for every acknowledgement received, and by 1 MSS for each RTT in congestion avoidance mode. Different pluggable congestion control algorithms operate slightly differently. For example "highspeed" will update the slow start cwnd by the number of bytes ACKed rather than the MSS. And to finish, here's a neat oneliner to visually display the distribution of congestion window values for all TCP connections to a given remote port using a quantization. In this example, only port 80 is in use and we see the majority of cwnd values for that port are in the 4096-8191 range. # dtrace -n 'tcp:::send { @q[args[4]-tcp_dport] = quantize(args[3]-tcps_cwnd); }' dtrace: description 'tcp:::send ' matched 10 probes ^C 80 value ------------- Distribution ------------- count -1 | 0 0 |@@@@@@ 5 1 | 0 2 | 0 4 | 0 8 | 0 16 | 0 32 | 0 64 | 0 128 | 0 256 | 0 512 | 0 1024 | 0 2048 |@@@@@@@@@ 8 4096 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 23 8192 | 0

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