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• Server slowdown

  - by Clinton Bosch

  I have a GWT application running on Tomcat on a cloud linux(Ubuntu) server, recently I released a new version of the application and suddenly my server response times have gone from 500ms average to 15s average. I have run every monitoring tool I know. iostat says my disks are 0.03% utilised mysqltuner.pl says I am OK other see below top says my processor is 99% idle and load average: 0.20, 0.31, 0.33 memory usage is 50% (-/+ buffers/cache: 3997 3974) mysqltuner output [OK] Logged in using credentials from debian maintenance account. -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.63-0ubuntu0.10.04.1-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 370M (Tables: 52) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 697M (Tables: 1749) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 1754 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 19h 25m 41s (1M q [28.122 qps], 1K conn, TX: 2B, RX: 1B) [--] Reads / Writes: 98% / 2% [--] Total buffers: 1.0G global + 2.7M per thread (500 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 2.4G (30% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (1/1M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 34% (173/500) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 16.0M/279.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 99.9% (50K cached / 40 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 61.4% (844K cached / 1M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 553779 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 34K sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 4% (4K on disk / 102K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 84% (185 created / 1K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (256 open / 27K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 0% (20/2K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (692K immediate / 692K locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 697.2M/1.0G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: query_cache_size (> 16M) table_cache (> 256)

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• "What happens?" server performance monitor

  - by AlexAtNet

  Hello! After reviewing some thread about server monitoring software I end up with a simple question: Which of the server monitoring tools should I use for automatic detection of "abnormal" situations with recommendations on how to fix them? I look for software that checks the system performance after installation and calculate some average load values (memory, CPU, etc). And when something happens (CPU load is increased to 20%) then it tries to detect a reason for this. If it is apache, it should check for access logs. If mysql, it should check mysql logs and tell me what happens. It this is because some user decodes a lot of images, I'd like to know which command is executed, when and user name. The same for disk usage, memory, number of processes, threads and so on. Ideally, this software should periodically checks the system and report problems: errors in PHP error log, outdated packages, security vulnerabilities. In other word I'm looking a software that will keep my simple Debian/Apache/PHP/MySQL server without forcing me to monitor the charts every day. I hope that such program exists. Thanks, Alex

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• Replace Linux Boot-Drive | ext3 to btrfs

  - by bardiir

  I've got a headless server running Debian Linux currently. Linux vault 3.2.0-3-686-pae #1 SMP Mon Jul 23 03:50:34 UTC 2012 i686 GNU/Linux The root filesystem is located on an ext3 partition on the main harddrive. My data is located on multiple harddrives that are bundled to a storage pool running with btrfs. UUID=072a7fce-bfea-46fa-923f-4fb0827ae428 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=b50965f1-a2e1-443f-876f-578b5f93cbf1 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=881e3ad9-31c4-4296-ae60-eae6c98ea45f none swap sw 0 0 UUID=30d8ae34-e2f0-44b4-bbcc-22d761a128f6 /data btrfs defaults,compress,autodefrag 0 0 What I'd like to do is to place / into the btrfs pool too. The ideal solution would provide the flexibility to boot from any disk in the system alike, so if the main drive fails I'd just need to swap another one into the main slot and it would be bootable like the main one. My main problem is, everything I do needs to result in a bootable system that is open to ssh logins via network as this server is 100% headless so there is no possibility to boot it from a live cd or anything like that. So I'd like to be extra sure everything works out fine :) How would I best go about this? Can anybody hint me to guides or whip something up for these tasks? Anything I forgot to think about? Copy root-data into btrfs pool, adjust mountpoints,... Adjust GRUB to boot from btrfs pool UUID or the local device where GRUB is installed Sync GRUB to all harddrives so every drive is equally bootable (is this even possible without destroying the btrfs partitions on the drives or would I need to disconnect the drives, install grub on them and then connect them back with a slightly smaller partition?)

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• Static file download from browser breaking in varnish but works fine in Apache

  - by Ron

  I would at first like to thank everyone at serverfault for this great website and I also come to this site while searching in google for various server related issues and setups. I also have an issue today and so I am posting here and hope that the seniors would help me out. I had setup a website on a dedicated server a few days ago and I used Varnish 3 as the frontend to Apache2 on a Debian Lenny server as the traffic was a bit high. There are several static file downloads of around 10-20 MB in size in the website. The website looked fine in the last few days after I setup. I was checking from a 5mbps + broadband connection and the file downloads were also completed in seconds and working fine. But today I realized that on a slow internet connection the file downloads were breaking off. When I tried to download the files from the website using a browser then it broke off after a minute or so. It kept on happening again and again and so it had nothing to do with the internet connection. The internet connection was around 512 kbps and so it was not dial up level speed too but decent speed where files should easily download though not that fast. Then I thought of trying out with the apache backend port and used the port number to check out if the problem occurs. But then on adding the apache port in the static file download url, the files got downloaded easily and did not break even once. I tried it several times to make sure that it was not a coincidence but every time I was using the apache port in the file download url then it was downloading fine while it was breaking each time with the normal link which was routed through Varnish I suppose. So, it seems Varnish has somehow resulted in the broken file downloads. Could anyone give any idea as to why it is happening and how to fix the problem. For more clarification, take this example: Apache backend set on port 8008, Varnish frontend set on port 80 Now when I download say http://mywebsite.com/directory/filename.extension Then the download breaks off after a minute or so. I cannot be sure it is due to the time or size though and I am just assuming. May be some other reason too. But when I download using: http://mywebsite.com:8008/directory/filename.extension Then the file download does not break at all and it gets download fine. So, it seems that varnish is somehow creating the file download breaking and not apache. Does anybody have any idea as to why it is happening and how can it be fixed. Any help would be highly appreciated. And my varnish default.vcl is backend apache { set backend.host = "127.0.0.1"; set backend.port = "8008"; } sub vcl_deliver { remove resp.http.X-Varnish; remove resp.http.Via; remove resp.http.Age; remove resp.http.Server; remove resp.http.X-Powered-By; }

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• Issue with exim4u

  - by bretterer

  I am using exim4u for a mail server on debian. Everything has been working fine until recently. I have not done anything to the server from the time it was working until now. I have a domain set up and is receiving and sending mail correctly. When i put a forwarding address in to a gmail address, I can still receive and send email from my webmail client but it never makes it to gmail. I have check logs and this is what I have found 2012-04-01 18:47:04 1SEPns-0000aN-Br DKIM: d=gmail.com s=20120113 c=relaxed/relaxed a=rsa-sha256 [verification succeeded] 2012-04-01 18:47:10 1SEPns-0000aN-Br H=mail-bk0-f43.google.com [209.85.214.43] Warning: X-Spam_score: -0.3 2012-04-01 18:47:10 1SEPns-0000aN-Br <= [email protected] H=mail-bk0-f43.google.com [209.85.214.43] P=esmtps X=TLS1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_MD5:16 S=3424 id=CAGZkSKbYc7SJR+yXTgG8ubQvx4PNb0CwHG1DDKGeZ-qFiA$ 2012-04-01 18:47:11 1SEPns-0000aN-Br => /home/mail/mydomain.com/support/Maildir ([email protected]) <[email protected]> R=virtual_domains T=virtual_delivery 2012-04-01 18:47:12 1SEPns-0000aN-Br => [email protected] <[email protected]> R=dnslookup T=remote_smtp H=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com [209.85.225.27] X=TLS1.0:RSA_ARCFOUR_SHA1:16 2012-04-01 18:47:12 1SEPns-0000aN-Br Completed I am not a mail server person so im not sure what everything here is saying. It appears to me that it is successfully sending mail to gmail though. I have checked my spam folder as well and nothing there either. If it would help to have some more information from my server, let me know because Im not sure what would be of help here.

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• Liked Arch Linux - but I am still not sure if its the right distro for me...

  - by BlackAndGold

  As the title says... I used Arch Linux for a while and liked it a lot: leightweight, sleek, fast and well documented with a great community. However I had to format my hd and for the sake of being too lazy to reinstall arch, I used windows 7 exclusively for a while. Now I want to get back to linux again (still dual boot), mainly for web development purposes and using handy tools such as rsync ect. Again, I liked Arch, but there is too much tweeking, too much reading up and too much figuring out what to do as well es some bad suprises especially when you need them the least and when just quickly want to get some work done. I kind of would like to have a little more "out of the box" distro that is still fast and somewhat leighweight and of course reliable. I actually considered Ubuntu, which I am not too big of a fan of, but I will still give the minimal install a shot. However other distros seem interesting as well, such as crunchbang and mint debian ecpecially. My question, hoping this isn't too boring for many you, what is the right distro for me?

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• Linux NFS create mask and force user equivalent

  - by Mike

  I have two Linux servers: fileserver Debian 5.0.3 (2.6.26-2-686) Samba version 3.4.2 apache Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (2.6.32-23-generic) Apache 2.2.14 I have a number of Samba shares on fileserver so that I can access files from Windows PCs. I am also exporting /data/www-data to the apache server, where I have it mounted as /var/www. The setup is okay, except for when I come to create files on the NFS mount. I end up with files that cannot be read by Apache, or which cannot be modified by other users on my system. With Samba, I can specify force user, force group, create mask and directory mask, and this ensures that all files are created with suitable permissions for my Apache web server. I can't find a way to do this with NFS. Is there a way to force permissions and ownership with NFS - am I missing something obvious? Although I've spent quite a bit of time with Linux, and am weaning myself off Windows, I still haven't quite got to grip with Linux permissions... If this is not the right way to do things, I am open to alternative suggestions.

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• Bonnie does not provide speed for Sequential Input / Block

  - by Lqp1

  I'm using ProxmoxVE and I would like to run some benchmarks regarding performances of this product. One of these benchmarks is bonnie++ ; it runs very well in a VM (qemu-kvm) but when I run it in a conainer (openVZ), it does not provide me reading speed (only writing). I don't understand why... Does anyone know what's happenning ? VMs ans Containers are Debian 7.4. Here's the output of bonnie in the container: root@ct2:/# bonnie++ -u root Using uid:0, gid:0. Writing a byte at a time...done Writing intelligently...done Rewriting...done Reading a byte at a time...done Reading intelligently...done start 'em...done...done...done...done...done... Create files in sequential order...done. Stat files in sequential order...done. Delete files in sequential order...done. Create files in random order...done. Stat files in random order...done. Delete files in random order...done. Version 1.96 ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- Concurrency 1 -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP ct2 1G 843 99 59116 8 60351 4 4966 99 +++++ +++ 2745 8 Latency 9558us 3582ms 527ms 1672us 936us 5248us Version 1.96 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- ct2 -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ Latency 19567us 358us 368us 107us 59us 25us 1.96,1.96,ct2,1,1401810323,1G,,843,99,59116,8,60351,4,4966,99,+++++,+++,2745,8,16,,,,,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,9558us,3582ms,527ms,1672us,936us,5248us,19567us,358us,368us,107us,59us,25us The filesystem for / is of type "simfs", which is a pseudo filesystem for openVZ. Maybe it's related to this issue but I can't find anyone with the same issue with bonnie and openVZ... Thanks for your help. Regards, Thomas.

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• dhcp3-server (dhcpd) is tampering with host NIC

  - by user61000

  Hi all, I have a debian box that is serving as a router (using iptables NAT). When first turned on, everything works fine for a few minutes. Then the dhcp server assigns an IP (other than 192.168.0.1) to its' host NIC, eth0. This is NOT what I want. I just want dhcp3-server to listen on eth0, not assign it an IP, and changes the kernel routing table. This of course ruins the NAT capablities of the box. How can I tell the dhcp3-server NOT to do this? Thanks Before dhcp3-server tampers with eth0, the IP is 192.168.0.1, and the routing table looks like this: ~# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Iface 192.168.0.0 * eth0 173.33.220.0 * eth1 default 173.33.220.1 eth1 After dhcp3-server tampers with eth0, the IP is 192.168.0.3, and the routing table looks like this: ~# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Iface 192.168.0.0 * eth0 173.33.220.0 * eth1 default 192.168.0.1 eth0 default 173.33.220.1 eth1 SETUP Outbound NIC is eth1 Internal NIC is eth0 /etc/network/interfaces ... iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 /etc/default/dhcp3-server INTERFACES="eth0"

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• ssh works fine when using public interface, but slow when using private interface

  - by Kevin M

  My Linux(UbuntuEEE) to Linux(CentOS) ssh takes a long time to log in(~15 seconds) when using the private interface, but not when using the public one. I have a Linux box acting as my router. As such, it has multiple interfaces(75.xxx.xxx.xxx, 192.168.1.1). I can ssh in from the internal interface(192.168.1.65 to .1), but it will take a while. I can ssh into the public address, and it goes quickly(~1 second). I have another box that I can ssh into the inside interface from and it goes quickly. iptables is set to accept packets coming into the interface immediately. sshd's UseDNS is normally on; I get the same problem if I turn it off and restart sshd. I normally use public-key authentication; I have done a mv ~/.ssh/ ~/ssh/ and it will ask me for a password after going slowly. After logging in(using either interface), speed is quick. ssh client version(via ssh -v):OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1.2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 ssh server version(via rpm -qv openssh_server):openssh-server-4.3p2-29.el5

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• Wifi Works with Android and Windows 8 but not Linux and Win 7

  - by eramm

  Support has told me that our company wide wifi network is setup to support mobile phones only. However it doesn't make sense to me that they can identify a mobile device rather they have setup the Access Point to use a protocol that is only supported on Android and Windows phones. Because the Access Point supports Windows mobile this means that laptops running Windows 8 can also connect to the Access Point (proven). So it stands to reason that since Android is based on Linux there must be a way to connect using Linux as well. iwlist shows IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : 802.1x WIreshark seems to show that a connection is being made to a website to get a certificate and use a Domain Controller for authentication. Questions: 1) what protocol could they be using that is supported on Win Mobile and Android but not on Win 7 and Linux (Debian) ? 2) what tools can I use to help me discover what protocol i need to support ? I have used iwlist and wireshark but I was not able to glean to much useful information from them. I can post the results if needed. 3) is there an app i can use on my Android phone to help me understand what kind of network it is connecting to ? I can provide more information if you tell me how to get it. I just don't know what I am looking for.

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• Linux Software RAID1: How to boot after (physically) removing /dev/sda? (LVM, mdadm, Grub2)

  - by flight

  A server set up with Debian 6.0/squeeze. During the squeeze installation, I configured the two 500GB SATA disks (/dev/sda and /dev/sdb) as a RAID1 (managed with mdadm). The RAID keeps a 500 GB LVM volume group (vg0). In the volume group, there's a single logical volume (lv0). vg0-lv0 is formatted with extfs3 and mounted as root partition (no dedicated /boot partition). The system boots using GRUB2. In normal use, the systems boots fine. Also, when I tried and removed the second SATA drive (/dev/sdb) after a shutdown, the system came up without problem, and after reconnecting the drive, I was able to --re-add /dev/sdb1 to the RAID array. But: After removing the first SATA drive (/dev/sda), the system won't boot any more! A GRUB welcome message shows up for a second, then the system reboots. I tried to install GRUB2 manually on /dev/sdb ("grub-install /dev/sdb"), but that doesn't help. Appearently squeeze fails to set up GRUB2 to launch from the second disk when the first disk is removed, which seems to be quite an essential feature when running this kind of Software RAID1, isn't it? At the moment, I'm lost whether this is a problem with GRUB2, with LVM or with the RAID setup. Any hints?

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• Choice of filesystem for GNU/Linux on an SD card

  - by gspr

  Hi. I have am embedded ARM-based system running on an SD card. It's currently Debian GNU/Linux using ext3 as filesystem. As I'm about to reinstall the system, I started wondering about changing to a more flash-friendly filesystem. I've heard about JFFS2, YAFFS2 and LogFS, and they all seem suited to the job. Which one would you recommend? Also, I've heard there have been a lot of ext4 improvements to better suit SSD disks; am I to interpret that as running ext4 should be just fine? What do I need to think especially about in that case? I guess the usage of the system is important. But for the sake of generality, imagine it'll do standard desktop stuff (even though it is infact a small ARM-based system). Thanks for any replies. Edit: Wikipedia tells me (in a "citation needed" statement) that Removable flash memory cards and USB flash drives have built-in controllers to perform wear leveling and error correction so use of a specific flash file system does not add any benefit. Thus, I'm leaning towards sticking with an ext filesystem.

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• VMware Workstation Bridged Network Host UnReachable

  - by user2097818

  VMware Workstation 7 on Win7-64 (Home Premium). I have confirmed this on any guest running on this machine (from winxp to debian). I am using a bridged network connection for my guests (Automatic on VMnet0). All of the network configuration is done with DHCP (including on the host). Problem What I can not do: Ping my host machine from inside any VM. (either shows me "Destination Host Unreachable" or will just timeout) What I CAN do right after power up, with no problems at all. I can connect to the internet from inside the VM I can ping my router from inside the VM I can ping other machines on my network from inside the VM Other machines can ping the VM Other machines can ping the host My host machine can ping the VM (this one is important. read further) Details So I have my router assigned as 192.168.2.1/255.255.255.0, and the router provides the DHCP service (and it seems to be doing so successfully). There are no IP conflicts on the network that I am aware of. All Gateways and Subnet masks are appropriate and matching. My entire workshop is on one single subnet, with one single DHCP server and gateway. There is one method in which I can ping successfully, but it requires an active connection initiated from the host (I start pinging from host to VM). During the period of the active connection, I can successfully ping from VM to host, using explicit IP address. As soon as the host connection is closed, the VM ping starts hanging with the same old messages. My Thoughts This really feels like a firewall problem, but I have turned off all firewalls on host and VM, powered down the network, powered back up, and the problem still persists. And if it was firewall, why would only the IP address associated with bridged VM networks be blocked. I feel as though my host operating system (Win7) is somehow configured incorrectly, or, VMware Workstation is configured incorrectly from the host side. Although I have done my best to put everything in default, I feel like I am missing something silly.

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• Simple, centralized user management on a small LAN - NIS or LDAP?

  - by einpoklum

  I'm setting up a small LAN for my team. It will, for all intents and purposes, not be connected to any external networks. I would it to have centralized control of user accounts (at least, I think I'd like that; I'm also considering using puppet, so theoretically I could just push /etc/passwd changes, or something). The number of machines is fixed, but not very small. Mostly they're 'attached' to a single user, but sometimes people work remotely on someone else's box; and there are a couple of servers. I've read this question, but my scenario is much simpler (even simpler than in this question) and I'd like to do something (relatively) quick, with not much hassle, but not a dirty totally-insecure hack. Is NIS relevant for my scenario? If not, what's the most hassle-free way to set up LDAP (or LDAP+Kerberos) to achieve the same? Notes: I have no experience with setting up either NIS or LDAP. We use Debian-flavored Linux distributions, mainly Kubuntu 12.04 (not my choice, but that's the way it is).

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• Setting up a global MySQL Cluster in the cloud

  - by GregB

  I'm giving the question an overhaul to more specifically identify where I need help. I use two tools to manage a bunch of cloud server: Puppet and Rundeck. Both of these can be configured to use a mysql backend. I'd like to setup an instance of each application in both the U.S., and the U.K., treating the U.K. servers as hot stand-bys in case of failure in the U.S. I want to use a MySql cluster so that the data is automatically replicated from the U.S. to the U.K. Because these are hot standbys, high performance is not a goal. Redundancy and data integrity are most important. My question revolves around the setup of the mysql cluster. I want to run three servers, each one running a data node, a sql node, and a management node. Is this a valid configuration for mysql server? If so, could someone point me in the right direction for creating such a setup? I've downloaded the offical tarball, and the official debian, and the documentation for them contradicts many of the online tutorials. I'm installing on Ubuntu 10.04.

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• Strange ssh login

  - by Hikaru

  I am running debian server and i have received a strange email warning about ssh login It says, that user mail logged in using ssh from remote address: Environment info: USER=mail SSH_CLIENT=92.46.127.173 40814 22 MAIL=/var/mail/mail HOME=/var/mail SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/7 LOGNAME=mail TERM=xterm PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SHELL=/bin/sh KRB5CCNAME=FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_8 PWD=/var/mail SSH_CONNECTION=92.46.127.173 40814 my-ip-here 22 I looked in /etc/shadow and find out, that password for is not set mail:*:15316:0:99999:7::: I found this lines for login in auth.log n 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2090]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): getting password (0x00000388) Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2090]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): pam_get_item returned a password Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): user 'mail' granted access Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: Accepted password for mail from 92.46.127.173 port 45194 ssh2 Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user mail by (uid=0) Jun 3 02:57:10 gw CRON[2051]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root and lots of auth failures for this user. There is no lines with COMMAND string for this user. Nothing was found with "rkhunter" and with "ps aux" process inspection, also there is no suspicious connections was found with "netstat" (as I can see) Can anyone tell me how it is possible and what else should be done? Thanks in advance.

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• Xen virtual host can reach some sites but not others

  - by Tun H S Lee

  Okay, this is killing me. Debian Squeeze, Xen 4.0, brand new install. No iptables rules whatsoever except for the ones added by the default xen bridge script. Dom0 can reach the entire world, no problems. DomU can receive packets from some hosts, but not from others. For instance, if I ping Host A, it works fine. If I ping Host B, the DomU reports 100% packet loss. The hosts are random, but consistent (even after reboots). I can see no pattern to why some work and others don't. In fact, in some cases, different virtual hosts on the same server (an other server at a different data center) are divided; some work and others do not. I can reboot (DomU or Dom0 too) and the same hosts will work or fail as before. If I tcpdump on the Host B while pinging from the DomU, everything looks fine. It sees the echo request coming in and says it's sending one back. However, if I tcpdump peth0 on the Dom0, it never sees the echo reply. Any ideas what could be happening? I'm tearing my hair out here.

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• 150 TB and growing, but how to grow?

  - by seandavi

  My group currently has two largish storage servers, both NAS running debian linux. The first is an all-in-one 24-disk (SATA) server that is several years old. We have two hardware RAIDS set up on it with LVM over those. The second server is 64 disks divided over 4 enclosures, each a hardware RAID 6, connected via external SAS. We use XFS with LVM over that to create 100TB useable storage. All of this works pretty well, but we are outgrowing these systems. Having build two such servers and still growing, we want to build something that allows us more flexibility in terms of future growth, backup options, that behaves better under disk failure (checking the larger filesystem can take a day or more), and can stand up in a heavily concurrent environment (think small computer cluster). We do not have system administration support, so we administer all of this ourselves (we are a genomics lab). So, what we seek is a relatively low-cost, acceptable performance storage solution that will allow future growth and flexible configuration (think ZFS with different pools having different operating characteristics). We are probably outside the realm of a single NAS. We have been thinking about a combination of ZFS (on openindiana, for example) or btrfs per server with glusterfs running on top of that if we do it ourselves. What we are weighing that against is simply biting the bullet and investing in Isilon or 3Par storage solutions. Any suggestions or experiences are appreciated.

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• postfix revived and delivered have the same values (?)

  - by thinkingbig

  I have configured my first server (Debian with ISPConfig). Generally i want to send bulk e-mails to our users, i configure postfix and turn on postfix... but... After 1 hour of sending emails i have logs like this: Grand Totals messages 21886 received 21883 delivered 0 forwarded 0 deferred 234 bounced 0 rejected (0%) 0 reject warnings 0 held 0 discarded (0%) 30805k bytes received 31280k bytes delivered 3 senders 3 sending hosts/domains 12588 recipients 3 recipient hosts/domains Per-Hour Traffic Summary time received delivered deferred bounced rejected -------------------------------------------------------------------- 0000-0100 0 0 0 0 0 0100-0200 0 0 0 0 0 0200-0300 0 0 0 0 0 0300-0400 0 0 0 0 0 0400-0500 0 0 0 0 0 0500-0600 0 0 0 0 0 0600-0700 0 0 0 0 0 0700-0800 0 0 0 0 0 0800-0900 0 0 0 0 0 0900-1000 0 0 0 0 0 1000-1100 0 0 0 0 0 1100-1200 0 0 0 0 0 1200-1300 0 0 0 0 0 1300-1400 0 0 0 0 0 1400-1500 0 0 0 0 0 1500-1600 15311 15306 0 168 0 1600-1700 6575 6577 0 66 0 1700-1800 0 0 0 0 0 1800-1900 0 0 0 0 0 1900-2000 0 0 0 0 0 2000-2100 0 0 0 0 0 2100-2200 0 0 0 0 0 2200-2300 0 0 0 0 0 2300-2400 0 0 0 0 0 Host/Domain Summary: Message Delivery sent cnt bytes defers avg dly max dly host/domain 21521 30353k 0 3.4 m 15.5 m wp.pl 355 919k 0 54.9 s 13.0 m mysenderdomainexample.pl 7 8477 0 1.7 s 1.9 s prokonto.pl Host/Domain Summary: Messages Received msg cnt bytes host/domain 21879 30786k mysenderdomainexample.pl 5 16196 mx4.wp.pl 1 3200 mx3.wp.pl Senders by message count 21783 [email protected] 96 [email protected] 6 from=< **So, my question is: 1) Why i have recived and delivered have the same values (approx)? 2) How can I check if an email has been delivered? 3) How to change default "root" and "www-data" user (FROM / RETURN PATH) to another? I have changed this in script, but postfix ignore scripting values and send every mail from root (we have .php send cron's in /etc/crontab) 4) WHY APPROX 100 % MAILS RECIVED HAS BEEN ADRESED TO MY SENDER HOST? Host/Domain Summary: Messages Received Waiting for respond, Regards TB**

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• Install multiport module on iptables

  - by tarteauxfraises

  I'am trying to install "fail2ban" on Cubidebian, a Debian port for Cubieboard (A raspberry like board). The following rule failed due to "-m multiport --dports ssh" options (It works, when i run manually the command without multiple options). $ iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports ssh -j fail2ban-ssh" iptables: No chain/target/match by that name. When i make a cat on "/proc/net/ip_tables_matches", i see that multiport module is not loaded: $ cat /proc/net/ip_tables_matches u32 time string statistic state owner pkttype mac limit helper connmark mark ah icmp socket socket quota2 policy length iprange ttl hashlimit ecn udplite udp tcp The result of iptables -L -n -v command : $ iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 6 packets, 456 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 396 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain fail2ban-apache (0 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain fail2ban-ssh (0 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 What can i do to compile or to enable the multiport module? Thanks in advance for your help

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• Facter - custom fact, returns empty data set when invoked by Puppet agent

  - by user3684494

  According to this puppet labs article, I can create custom facts from shell scripts. I have created a bash script that returns a single fact, it is packaged in a modules facts.d directory. The module is included on the target system via an ENC class. When invoked by the puppet agent on the target it returns an empty set, when run by hand on the agent it correctly returns the fact. The script has execute permission on the master, but does not have it on the agent. I saw a bug report related to permissions and file types, but that was windows and supposed to be fixed in puppet version 3. What am I doing wrong? ENC definition: --- classes: facttest: Shell script: #!/bin/bash echo "test_fact1=$(hostname)" Permissions: master: -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root ... modules/facttest/facts.d/testfact.sh agent: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root ... /var/lib/puppet/facts.d/testfact.sh Agent message: Fact file /var/lib/puppet/facts.d/testfact.sh was parsed but returned an empty data set Version information: Puppet master: 3.5.1 (Debian) Facter master: 2.0.1 Puppet agent: 3.6.1 (OpenSUSE) Facter agent: 2.0.1

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• Is Ubuntu a bad distro for a standalone mysql database server?

  - by DhruvPathak

  I read an article here : http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2011/12/08/which-linux-distribution-for-mysql-server/ On the other end there are Debian and Ubuntu. Both use tool called dpkg for package management. There isn’t a month that I log in to a system based on either distribution where there are no issues with packages consistency. Unfinished installations, unresolved conflicts are so common that it’s just beyond simple negligence. The packaging system is just not robust enough. Another problem is that one broken package may block you from installing or uninstalling anything else. Imagine that someone left system in such shape, you prepared for downtime, stopped MySQL and… error – text editor has not been properly installed, so you cannot upgrade MySQL either until the problem is fixed. In a stressful situation when downtime clock ticks – annoying at best We prefer Ubuntu server because of familiarity and Ubuntu also being development environment. Questions: Is Ubuntu used commonly in production for a mysql database server ? Is it worth the trouble ever to have one distro eg Ubuntu in web server, and another say Red Hat in database server ? Or Is a homogenous server pool a better choice ?

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• SSH attcack CentOS Amazon EC2

  - by user37143

  Hi, I run a few Rightscale CentOS AMI based instances on Amazon EC2. Two months back I found that our SSHD security is compromised( I had added host.allow and host.deny for ssh). So I created new instances and done an IP based ssh that allows only our IPs through AWS Firewall(ec2-authorize) and chnaged the ssh 22 default port to some other port but two days back I found I was not able to login to the server and when I tried on 22 port the ssh got connected and I found that sshd_conf was changed and when I tried to edit sshd_config I found root had no write permission on the file. So I tried a chmod and it said access denied for 'root' user. This is very strange. I checked secure log and history and found nothing informative. I have PHP, Ruby On Rails, Java, Wordpress apps running on these server. This time I did a chkrootkit scan and found nothing. I renamed the /etc/ssh folder and reinstalled openssh through yum. I had faced this on 3 instances on CentOS(5.2, 5.4) I have instances on Debian as well those working fine. Is this a CentOS/Rightscale issue. Guys, what security measures I should take to prevent this. Please support me this is very critical. Thanks

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• Linux file server for an inexperienced admin

  - by Pat

  A charity I volunteer for wants a file server for their mostly Windows machines (about five XP and 7 machines, with some Mac laptops every now and then). For the server, I have a PC with an Intel Core 2 Duo 3GHz proc, 4GB of DDR2 400MHz RAM, and a 500 GB HDD. (I should point out that they do not currently have any server - they are just using Windows to share a folder on one of the PCs.) What is a linux distro that is easy to configure for Windows file serving yet stable and secure enough to protect sensitive data without an expert sysadmin? I'm guessing that a Debian distro would probably fit the security bill, but I don't know of any tailored to novice sysadmins. Also, are there any killer apps for making this easy to administer and set up (as a Windows file server, in particular - this answer is a good example)? Would FreeNAS be sufficient? Once it's all set up, what are the minimum measures I need to take to keep the data secure? I found this somewhat helpful answer, but it's not specific to my question of just getting a secure file server up, running, and maintained.

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