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• vSphere ESX 5.5 hosts cannot connect to NFS Server

  - by Gerald

  Summary: My problem is I cannot use the QNAP NFS Server as an NFS datastore from my ESX hosts despite the hosts being able to ping it. I'm utilising a vDS with LACP uplinks for all my network traffic (including NFS) and a subnet for each vmkernel adapter. Setup: I'm evaluating vSphere and I've got two vSphere ESX 5.5 hosts (node1 and node2) and each one has 4x NICs. I've teamed them all up using LACP/802.3ad with my switch and then created a distributed switch between the two hosts with each host's LAG as the uplink. All my networking is going through the distributed switch, ideally, I want to take advantage of DRS and the redundancy. I have a domain controller VM ("Central") and vCenter VM ("vCenter") running on node1 (using node1's local datastore) with both hosts attached to the vCenter instance. Both hosts are in a vCenter datacenter and a cluster with HA and DRS currently disabled. I have a QNAP TS-669 Pro (Version 4.0.3) (TS-x69 series is on VMware Storage HCL) which I want to use as the NFS server for my NFS datastore, it has 2x NICs teamed together using 802.3ad with my switch. vmkernel.log: The error from the host's vmkernel.log is not very useful: NFS: 157: Command: (mount) Server: (10.1.2.100) IP: (10.1.2.100) Path: (/VM) Label (datastoreNAS) Options: (None) cpu9:67402)StorageApdHandler: 698: APD Handle 509bc29f-13556457 Created with lock[StorageApd0x411121] cpu10:67402)StorageApdHandler: 745: Freeing APD Handle [509bc29f-13556457] cpu10:67402)StorageApdHandler: 808: APD Handle freed! cpu10:67402)NFS: 168: NFS mount 10.1.2.100:/VM failed: Unable to connect to NFS server. Network Setup: Here is my distributed switch setup (JPG). Here are my networks. 10.1.1.0/24 VM Management (VLAN 11) 10.1.2.0/24 Storage Network (NFS, VLAN 12) 10.1.3.0/24 VM vMotion (VLAN 13) 10.1.4.0/24 VM Fault Tolerance (VLAN 14) 10.2.0.0/24 VM's Network (VLAN 20) vSphere addresses 10.1.1.1 node1 Management 10.1.1.2 node2 Management 10.1.2.1 node1 vmkernel (For NFS) 10.1.2.2 node2 vmkernel (For NFS) etc. Other addresses 10.1.2.100 QNAP TS-669 (NFS Server) 10.2.0.1 Domain Controller (VM on node1) 10.2.0.2 vCenter (VM on node1) I'm using a Cisco SRW2024P Layer-2 switch (Jumboframes enabled) with the following setup: LACP LAG1 for node1 (Ports 1 through 4) setup as VLAN trunk for VLANs 11-14,20 LACP LAG2 for my router (Ports 5 through 8) setup as VLAN trunk for VLANs 11-14,20 LACP LAG3 for node2 (Ports 9 through 12) setup as VLAN trunk for VLANs 11-14,20 LACP LAG4 for the QNAP (Ports 23 and 24) setup to accept untagged traffic into VLAN 12 Each subnet is routable to another, although, connections to the NFS server from vmk1 shouldn't need it. All other traffic (vSphere Web Client, RDP etc.) goes through this setup fine. I tested the QNAP NFS server beforehand using ESX host VMs atop of a VMware Workstation setup with a dedicated physical NIC and it had no problems. The ACL on the NFS Server share is permissive and allows all subnet ranges full access to the share. I can ping the QNAP from node1 vmk1, the adapter that should be used to NFS: ~ # vmkping -I vmk1 10.1.2.100 PING 10.1.2.100 (10.1.2.100): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 10.1.2.100: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.371 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.2.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.2.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.241 ms Netcat does not throw an error: ~ # nc -z 10.1.2.100 2049 Connection to 10.1.2.100 2049 port [tcp/nfs] succeeded! The routing table of node1: ~ # esxcfg-route -l VMkernel Routes: Network Netmask Gateway Interface 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 Local Subnet vmk0 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 Local Subnet vmk1 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 Local Subnet vmk2 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 Local Subnet vmk3 default 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.254 vmk0 VM Kernel NIC info ~ # esxcfg-vmknic -l Interface Port Group/DVPort IP Family IP Address Netmask Broadcast MAC Address MTU TSO MSS Enabled Type vmk0 133 IPv4 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.255 00:50:56:66:8e:5f 1500 65535 true STATIC vmk0 133 IPv6 fe80::250:56ff:fe66:8e5f 64 00:50:56:66:8e:5f 1500 65535 true STATIC, PREFERRED vmk1 164 IPv4 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.2.255 00:50:56:68:f5:1f 1500 65535 true STATIC vmk1 164 IPv6 fe80::250:56ff:fe68:f51f 64 00:50:56:68:f5:1f 1500 65535 true STATIC, PREFERRED vmk2 196 IPv4 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.3.255 00:50:56:66:18:95 1500 65535 true STATIC vmk2 196 IPv6 fe80::250:56ff:fe66:1895 64 00:50:56:66:18:95 1500 65535 true STATIC, PREFERRED vmk3 228 IPv4 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.4.255 00:50:56:72:e6:ca 1500 65535 true STATIC vmk3 228 IPv6 fe80::250:56ff:fe72:e6ca 64 00:50:56:72:e6:ca 1500 65535 true STATIC, PREFERRED Things I've tried/checked: I'm not using DNS names to connect to the NFS server. Checked MTU. Set to 9000 for vmk1, dvSwitch and Cisco switch and QNAP. Moved QNAP onto VLAN 11 (VM Management, vmk0) and gave it an appropriate address, still had same issue. Changed back afterwards of course. Tried initiating the connection of NAS datastore from vSphere Client (Connected to vCenter or directly to host), vSphere Web Client and the host's ESX Shell. All resulted in the same problem. Tried a path name of "VM", "/VM" and "/share/VM" despite not even having a connection to server. I plugged in a linux system (10.1.2.123) into a switch port configured for VLAN 12 and tried mounting the NFS share 10.1.2.100:/VM, it worked successfully and I had read-write access to it I tried disabling the firewall on the ESX host esxcli network firewall set --enabled false I'm out of ideas on what to try next. The things I'm doing differently from my VMware Workstation setup is the use of LACP with a physical switch and a virtual distributed switch between the two hosts. I'm guessing the vDS is probably the source of my troubles but I don't know how to fix this problem without eliminating it.

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• DHCPD Offering ip address on wrong subnet

  - by Logan

  I just recently added a new subnet for our wireless network to our DHCP configuration for the 192.168.254.0 subnet. Most of the time when wireless clients connect it works just fine. However, sometimes on seemingly random occasions the DHCP server will send out a DHCPOFFER with an IP address on the wrong subnet. Example: dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from MACADDRESS (ThinkBook2) via 192.168.254.1 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.22.236 to MACADDRESS (ThinkBook2) via 192.168.254.1 Here is the subnet configuration in dhcpd.conf: subnet 192.168.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.254.1; range 192.168.254.34 192.168.254.254; default-lease-time 14400; authoritative; } How can I make sure the server always sends out an IP address on the right subnet?

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• OpenVPN - Ubunut 10.04 - Client Can't Connect to Server - Linux Route Add Command Failed

  - by nicorellius

  I suppose this could be asked on Server Fault as well, but it is specific to the client so I thought I'd start here. I have keys for a OpenVPN server already in place. I have used these keys to connect already, but using a Windows XP machine. I started by building the client.conf file so that I could run: sudo openvpn --config client.conf And it seems correct but I still can't connect and get these errors and lines of output: Mon May 31 14:34:57 2010 ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 7 Mon May 31 14:34:57 2010 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.8.0.17 SIOCADDRT: File exists Mon May 31 14:34:57 2010 ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 7 Mon May 31 14:34:57 2010 Initialization Sequence Completed I searched the net for forums and ideas and tried some file moving and renaming but still ended up in the same place.

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• Slash Notation IP - What is what?

  - by Nirmal

  We just signed up with a new ISP and we got a static IP from them. Our previous ISP just gave one IP and we were able to configure our web server using that. Now, we have got this new IP with a slash notation. This type is new to me. When I used the CIDR calculator, it gave me the following results: 202.184.7.52/30 IP: 202.184.7.52 Netmask: 255.255.255.252 Number of hosts: 2 Network address: 202.184.7.52 Broadcast address: 202.184.7.55 Can someone please help me by explaining what these are? I could not understand what the number of hosts means. Is that telling that I can use two different IP for DNS (A) records? Also, which one should I setup in my router? The network address or broadcast address? Thank you very much for any answer you may provide.

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• DHCP server not starting

  - by Bruce

  I'm trying to set a DHCP server on 12.04. I installed: sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server My configuration files look like this: /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server INTERFACES="eth0" /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ddns-update-style none; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; authoritative; log-facility local7; subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.1.235 192.168.1.240; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; option routers 192.168.1.1; default-lease-time 100000; max-lease-time 100000; } When I run sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart I get: stop: Unknown instance: isc-dhcp-server start/running, process 15384 After this if I run sudo service isc-dhcp-server status it shows that its stopped: isc-dhcp-server stop/waiting What am I doing wrong here?

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• Windows clients not using NTP server provided via DHCP

  - by gencha

  I have a network consisting mostly of Windows Vista and 7 clients and an Ubuntu server. The server provides both the DHCP and NTP services through dhcp3-server and openntpd. In my dhcpd.conf, the subnet is declared as follows: subnet 10.10.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 10.10.10.10 10.10.10.200; option broadcast-address 10.10.10.255; option routers 10.10.10.1; option ntp-servers 10.10.10.1; } The clients don't seem to be using the NTP server though. When I capture the network traffic with Wireshark during the DHCP process, I also see no mention of the NTP option in the DHCP offer message. I am not quite sure if the clients would have to specifically request that option to receive it or if I have to make another configuration to offer the option.

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• Accessing my Rails webrick behind proxy?

  - by Eki Eqbal

  In my mackbook, when I try to connect to my rails application in office I can't , in the office there are some http proxy , and when I run my rails like this : sudo rails s -p8080 => Booting WEBrick => Rails 3.0.5 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:8080 => Call with -d to detach => Ctrl-C to shutdown server [2012-03-20 12:49:34] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-03-20 12:49:34] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2010-01-10) [universal-darwin11.0] [2012-03-20 12:49:34] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=17439 port=8080 The local IP is : en1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether f8:1e:df:d8:8c:25 inet6 fe80::fa1e:dfff:fed8:8c25%en1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5 inet 10.21.21.240 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.21.21.255 media: autoselect status: active so when I try in the browser to trigger localhost:8080 or 10.21.21.240:8080 , it seems that I can't trigger my application as for the proxy check out the following : Any Ideas ?

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• Mount TMPFS instead of ro /dev

  - by schiggn

  I am working on a ARM-Based embedded system with a custom Debian Linux based on kernel 2.6.31. In the final system, the Root file system is stored as squashfs on flash. Now, the folder /dev is created by udev, but since there is no hot plugging functionality needed and booting time is critical, I wanted to delete udev and "hard code" the /dev folder (read here, page 5). because i still need to change parameters of the devices (with ioctl /sysfs) this does not work for me in this case. so i thought of mounting a tmpfs on /dev and change the parameters there. is this possible? and how to do best? my approach would be: delete /dev from RFS create tar containing basic devices mount tmpfs /dev untar tar-file into /dev change parameters Could this work? Do you see any problems? I found out, that you can mount on top of already mounted mount point, is it somehow possible just to take data with while mounting the new file system? if so that would be very convenient! Thanks Update: I just tried that out, but I'm stuck at a certain point. I packed all my devices into devices.tar, packed it into /usr of my squashfs and added the following lines to mountkernfs.sh, which is executed right after INIT. #mount /dev on tmpfs echo -n "Mounting /dev on tmpfs..." mount -o size=5M,mode=0755 -t tmpfs tmpfs /dev mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 600 /dev/null c 1 3 echo "done." echo -n "Populating /dev..." tar -xf /usr/devices.tar -C /dev echo "done." This works fine on the version over NFS, if I place printf's in the code, I can see it executing, if I comment out the extracting part, its complaining about missing devices. Booting OK mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 IP-Config: Unable to set interface netmask (-22). Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.234 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.234 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:14. Freeing init memory: 136K INIT: version 2.86 booting Mounting /dev on tmpfs...done. Populating /dev...done. Initializing /var...done. Setting the system clock. System Clock set to: Thu Sep 13 11:26:23 UTC 2012. INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 UBI: attaching mtd8 to ubi0 Commenting out the extraction of the tar mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 IP-Config: Unable to set interface netmask (-22). Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.234 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.234 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:14. Freeing init memory: 136K INIT: version 2.86 booting Mounting /dev on tmpfs...done. Populating /dev...done. Initializing /var...done. Setting the system clock. Cannot access the Hardware Clock via any known method. Use the --debug option to see the details of our search for an access method. Unable to set System Clock to: Thu Sep 13 12:24:00 UTC 2012 ... (warning). INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 libubi: error!: cannot open "/dev/ubi_ctrl" So far so good. But if I pack the whole story into a squashfs and boot from there, it is acting strange. It's telling me while booting that it is unable to open an initial console and its throwing errors on mounting the UBIFS devices, but finally provides a login anyway. Over that my echo's are not executed. If I then log in, /dev is mounted as TMPFS as desired and all the devices reside inside. When I redo the "mount" command to mount the UBIFS partitions it is executed whitout problem and useable. From squashfs VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly on device 31:15. Freeing init memory: 136K Warning: unable to open an initial console. mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 UBIFS error (pid 484): ubifs_get_sb: cannot open "ubi1_0", error -19 Additionally, a part of the rest of the bootscripts is still exexuted, but not all of them. Does anyone has a clue why? Other question, is 5MB enough/too much for /dev?

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• Cannot ping router with a static IP assigned?

  - by Uriah

  Alright. I am running Ubuntu LTS 12.04 and am trying to configure a local caching/master DNS server so I am using Bind9. First, here are some things via default DHCP: /etc/network/interfaces cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp # The primary network interface - STATIC #auto eth0 #iface eth0 inet static # address 192.168.2.113 # netmask 255.255.255.0 # network 192.168.2.0 # broadcast 192.168.2.255 # gateway 192.168.2.1 # dns-search uclemmer.net # dns-nameservers 192.168.2.113 8.8.8.8 /etc/resolv.conf cat /etc/resolv.conf # Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8) # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN nameserver 192.168.2.1 search uclemmer.net ifconfig ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:14:2a:82:d4:9e inet addr:192.168.2.103 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::214:2aff:fe82:d49e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1067 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2504 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:153833 (153.8 KB) TX bytes:214129 (214.1 KB) Interrupt:23 Base address:0x8800 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:915 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:915 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:71643 (71.6 KB) TX bytes:71643 (71.6 KB) ping ping -c 4 192.168.2.1 PING 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.368 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.224 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.216 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.2.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.237 ms --- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2997ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.216/0.261/0.368/0.063 ms ping -c 4 google.com PING google.com (74.125.134.102) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from www.google-analytics.com (74.125.134.102): icmp_req=1 ttl=48 time=15.1 ms 64 bytes from www.google-analytics.com (74.125.134.102): icmp_req=2 ttl=48 time=11.4 ms 64 bytes from www.google-analytics.com (74.125.134.102): icmp_req=3 ttl=48 time=11.6 ms 64 bytes from www.google-analytics.com (74.125.134.102): icmp_req=4 ttl=48 time=11.5 ms --- google.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 11.488/12.465/15.118/1.537 ms ip route ip route default via 192.168.2.1 dev eth0 metric 100 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.103 As you can see, with DHCP everything seems to work fine. Now, here are things with static IP: /etc/network/interfaces cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface #auto eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp # The primary network interface - STATIC auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.2.113 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.2.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 gateway 192.168.2.1 dns-search uclemmer.net dns-nameservers 192.168.2.1 8.8.8.8 I have tried dns-nameservers in various combos of *.2.1, *.2.113, and other reliable, public nameservers. /etc/resolv.conf cat /etc/resolv.conf # Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8) # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN nameserver 192.168.2.1 nameserver 8.8.8.8 search uclemmer.net Obviously, when I change the nameservers in the /etc/network/interfaces file, the nameservers change here too. ifconfig ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:14:2a:82:d4:9e inet addr:192.168.2.113 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::214:2aff:fe82:d49e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1707 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2906 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:226230 (226.2 KB) TX bytes:263497 (263.4 KB) Interrupt:23 Base address:0x8800 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:985 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:985 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:78625 (78.6 KB) TX bytes:78625 (78.6 KB) ping ping -c 4 192.168.2.1 PING 192.168.2.1 (192.168.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 3023ms ping -c 4 google.com ping: unknown host google.com Lastly, here are my bind zone files: /etc/bind/named.conf.options cat /etc/bind/named.conf.options options { directory "/etc/bind"; // // // query-source address * port 53; notify-source * port 53; transfer-source * port 53; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; forwarders { // My local 192.168.2.113; // Comcast 75.75.75.75; 75.75.76.76; // Google 8.8.8.8; 8.8.4.4; // DNSAdvantage 156.154.70.1; 156.154.71.1; // OpenDNS 208.67.222.222; 208.67.220.220; // Norton 198.153.192.1; 198.153.194.1; // Verizon 4.2.2.1; 4.2.2.2; 4.2.2.3; 4.2.2.4; 4.2.2.5; 4.2.2.6; // Scrubit 67.138.54.100; 207.255.209.66; }; // // // //allow-query { localhost; 192.168.2.0/24; }; //allow-transfer { localhost; 192.168.2.113; }; //also-notify { 192.168.2.113; }; //allow-recursion { localhost; 192.168.2.0/24; }; //======================================================================== // If BIND logs error messages about the root key being expired, // you will need to update your keys. See https://www.isc.org/bind-keys //======================================================================== dnssec-validation auto; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.local cat /etc/bind/named.conf.local // // Do any local configuration here // // Consider adding the 1918 zones here, if they are not used in your // organization //include "/etc/bind/zones.rfc1918"; zone "example.com" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/db.example.com"; }; zone "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/db.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; /etc/bind/zones/db.example.com cat /etc/bind/zones/db.example.com ; ; BIND data file for example.com interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA yossarian.example.com. root.example.com. ( 1343171970 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS yossarian.example.com. @ IN A 192.168.2.113 @ IN AAAA ::1 @ IN MX 10 yossarian.example.com. ; yossarian IN A 192.168.2.113 router IN A 192.168.2.1 printer IN A 192.168.2.200 ; ns01 IN CNAME yossarian.example.com. www IN CNAME yossarian.example.com. ftp IN CNAME yossarian.example.com. ldap IN CNAME yossarian.example.com. mail IN CNAME yossarian.example.com. /etc/bind/zones/db.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa cat /etc/bind/zones/db.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa ; ; BIND reverse data file for 2.168.192.in-addr interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA yossarian.example.com. root.example.com. ( 1343171970 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS yossarian.example.com. @ IN A 255.255.255.0 ; 113 IN PTR yossarian.example.com. 1 IN PTR router.example.com. 200 IN PTR printer.example.com. ip route ip route default via 192.168.2.1 dev eth0 metric 100 192.168.2.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.113 I can SSH in to the machine locally at *.2.113 or at whatever address is dynamically assigned when in DHCP "mode". *2.113 is in my router's range and I have ports open and forwarding to the server. Pinging is enabled on the router too. I briefly had a static configuration working but it died after the first reboot. Please let me know what other info you might need. I am beyond frustrated/baffled.

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• how to run an AFS file server on a specific ethernet card (in Debian)

  - by listboss

  I have a linux box running Debian server with minimal number of packages (so no GUI for network management). The box has two ethernet cards, one of which (eth0) is connected to a Mac OSX computer using a cross-cable. I can bring up eth0 and assign a static ip (10.10.11.16) to it. This way I can ssh to the box through the cross-cable. This is what I run on Linux box: ifconfig eth0 10.10.11.16 netmask 255.255.255.0 up I also installed/started a file server (AFS) on Debian. So far, the file server can only be accessed through eth1 which is exposed to my home LAN and www. My goal is to set up the file server so that it's only visible through eth0. Is this possible? and if yes, how can I do it?

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• Exempt programs from using active VPN connection

  - by Oxwivi

  When I connect to a VPN, all my network traffic is automatically routed through it. Is there a way to add exemptions to that? I don't know if adding exceptions has anything to do with the VPN protocol, but the VPN I'm using is of the OpenVPN protocol. Speaking of OpenVPN, why is it not installed by default on Ubuntu installs unlike PPTP? I could not get the list of IRCHighWay's servers, and this is the result I get trying to connect on XChat with running the bash script running: * Looking up irc.irchighway.net * Connecting to irc.irchighway.net (65.23.153.98) port 6667... * Connected. Now logging in... * You have been K-Lined. * *** You are not welcome on this network. * *** K-Lined for Open proxies are not allowed. (2011/02/26 01.21) * *** Your IP is 173.0.14.9 * *** For assistance, please email [email protected] and include everything shown here. * Closing Link: 0.0.0.0 (Open proxies are not allowed. (2011/02/26 01.21)) * Disconnected (Remote host closed socket). The IP 173.0.14.9 is the one due to my VPN. I had forgotten to check ip route list before running the script, and this is the one after running it: ~$ ip route list 99.192.193.241 dev ppp0 proto kernel scope link src 173.0.14.9 173.0.14.2 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth1 proto static 173.0.14.2 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth1 src 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.3 metric 2 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link metric 1000 default dev ppp0 proto static Oh and running the script returned this output: ~$ sudo bash irc_route.sh Usage: inet_route [-vF] del {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [gw Gw] [metric M] [[dev] If] inet_route [-vF] add {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [gw Gw] [metric M] [netmask N] [mss Mss] [window W] [irtt I] [mod] [dyn] [reinstate] [[dev] If] inet_route [-vF] add {-host|-net} Target[/prefix] [metric M] reject inet_route [-FC] flush NOT supported I ran the script after connecting to the VPN.

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• I am trying to set up a ubuntu sever 12.04 on my machine

  - by Jseb

  I am trying to set up a server on my home network which will eventually host rails. I am not great in linux server and i try to follow the prompt. I did succesfully get to a black screen which then prompts me to a username then password to then do anything ( assuming). However here what i try to do I kinda fellow his tutorial http://www.ubuntugeek.com/step-by-step-ubuntu-11-04-natty-lamp-server-setup.html but however the command where not 100% like him not in same order but same idea. Then i want to install ubuntu server with gui here the command i try with sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop Which however give me the following error Err http... inRelease w Failed to fetch ht... So been ignored if i try the desktop one i get E: unable to locate package ubuntu E: unable to locate package desktop So i am assuming i am not connected to the internet, so i try the following command sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces here the output it gives me and i know my gateway on my laptop is 192.168.1.1 address: 192.168.1.148 netmask: 255.255.255.0 network: 192.168.1.0 broadcasts: 192.168.1.255 gateway: 192.168.1.1 Btw i do not know the command to get out of vi and saving it. Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises InRelease Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises-updates InRelease Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precises-backports InRelease Reading package lists... Done W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-updates/InRelease W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backport/InRelease

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• Replies to request coming over a relay goes to relay's internal IP, not to original request's source IP

  - by seaquest

  Dhcpd running on Linux gets a dhcp request over dhcrelay which is running on other remote machine. Oct 6 10:09:46 2012 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:1e:68:06:eb:37 (oguz-U300) via 172.16.17.81 tcpdump: listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 10:35:01.112500 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: UDP (17), length: 328) 192.168.0.81.67 > 192.168.0.1.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 00:1e:68:06:eb:37, length: 300, hops:1, xid:0xe378fc7e, flags: [none] (0x0000) Gateway IP: 172.16.17.81 Client Ethernet Address: 00:1e:68:06:eb:37 [|bootp] It matches to a subnet and send reply. However reply does not go to the requesting dhcrelay external IP(192.168.0.81). Instead, it goes to the internal interface IP of machine running dhcrelay. And I think because of this remote machine running dhcrelay or the dhcrealy itself discarding packet. Oct 6 10:09:46 2012 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 172.16.17.11 to 00:1e:68:06:eb:37 (oguz-U300) via 172.16.17.81 10:35:02.050108 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: UDP (17), length: 328) 192.168.0.1.67 > 172.16.17.81.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length: 300, hops:1, xid:0xe378fc7e, flags: [none] (0x0000) Your IP: 172.16.17.11 Gateway IP: 172.16.17.81 Client Ethernet Address: 00:1e:68:06:eb:37 [|bootp] Is this a normal behaviour? Machine running dhcrelay: eth1(ext) Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:90:0B:21:43:F4 inet addr:192.168.0.81 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 eth2(int) Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:90:0B:21:43:F5 inet addr:172.16.17.81 Bcast:172.16.17.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 3582 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/dhcrelay -i eth2 192.168.0.1 Machine running dhcpd: eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:90:0B:23:97:D1 inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 option domain-name "test.com"; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; authoritative; ignore client-updates; ddns-update-style ad-hoc; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 86400; subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.0.135 192.168.0.169; option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255; option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.1; option domain-name "test.com"; option routers 192.168.0.1; } subnet 172.16.17.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { local-address 192.168.0.1; server-identifier 192.168.0.1; range 172.16.17.10 172.16.17.11; option broadcast-address 172.16.17.255; option routers 172.16.17.81; } (I put local-address and server-identifier. But this does not help ) Regards, -- Oguz YILMAZ UPDATE: The first problem is found. I have configured dhcrelay only on listening internel interface. It seems (of course) is should also listen to external interface for replies. It appears it is not important where the packet destined to. dhrelay will forward it to internal net. HOWEVER, I have deleted route on dhcpd server to reach 172.16.17.x subnet. It again tries to send reply to 172.16.17.81. Because it does not know the route it send it from default gateway to the internet. eth0: IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: UDP (17), length: 328) 192.168.1.2.67 > 172.16.17.81.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length: 300, hops:1, xid:0x32830125, secs:3, flags: [none] (0x0000) eth0: Your IP: 172.16.17.11 eth0: Gateway IP: 172.16.17.81 eth0: Client Ethernet Address: 00:1e:68:06:eb:37 [|bootp] How can I force dhcpd to force to send replies to requesting IP? Because, it is not much meaningful to add routes to subnet we distribute IP for. Internet - dhcpd - 192.168.0.1 - SOMENET - 192.168.0.81 - dhcrelay - 172.16.17.0/24 192.168.0.1 has no route for 172.16.17.0 and has no interface directly attached to that net.

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• Install VirtualBox Guest Additions "Feisty Fawn"

  - by codebone

  I am trying to install the virtualbox guest additions into a feisty fawn (7.04) VM. The problem I am running into is that when I Click install guest additions, or place the iso in the drive manually, the disk never shows up in the machine. I even manually mounted and went to the mounted directory and it was empty. When using the file browser, doubling clicking on the cdrom yields Unable to mount the selected volume. mount: special device /dev/hdc does not exist. Secondly, I tried installing via repository... but according to the system, I have no internet connection. But, I can browse the web using firefox just fine (in the guest). Here is my /etc/network/interfaces file... code auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp I also tryed setting a static ip... auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.253 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 The reason I am trying to get this particular installation running is because it is part of a book, "Hacking: The Art of Exploitation" (Jon Erickson), and is fully loaded wilh tools and such to go along exactly with the book. I appreciate any effort into finding a solution for this! Thanks

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• Why is my eth0 getting a dynamic ip when it is configured to be static?

  - by sdek

  For some reason our office linux box is being assigned an ip address via dhcp and I don't know why. What is confusing to me is that when I check system-config-network it shows that my eth0 is setup to be a static ip address. And /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 also shows it is setup to be a static ip, yet it is getting a different ip address than the one specified in the ifcfg-eth0. Let me know if you have any suggestions on or ideas on where I can look next. Here are a few details that might help you figure out what an idiot I am :) Fedora 11 Router in front of this box is running dhcp, starting at 10.42.1.100 This box is configured to be 10.42.1.50 (at least I think it is!), subnet 255.255.255.0 (which is same as the router's lan subnet) Instead of having the static IP, this box is getting assigned 10.42.1.100. Here are the ifcfg-eth0 details DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Ethernet USERCTL=no NM_CONTROLLED=no NETMASK=255.255.255.0 IPADDR=10.42.1.50 GATEWAY=10.42.1.1

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• Problem in listening to multicast in multihomed Linux server

  - by Lior

  I am trying to write a multicast client on a machine with two NICs, and I can't make it work. I can see with a sniffer that once I start the program the NIC (eth4) start receiving the multicast datagrams: y.y.y.y. (some ip) - z.z.z.z (multicast ip, not my eth4 NIC IP) UDP Source port: kkk (some other port) Destination port: xxx (multicast port) However, I can't get those packets using my program (listening to port xxx on eth4). I also added: route add 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth4 Searched the web for some examples/explanations, but it seems like I do what everybody else does. Any help will be appreciated. is there anything else to do with route/iptables?

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• Connect to wired and wireless networks at same time, Ubuntu

  - by Gary Chambers

  Currently, I have a media PC running Ubuntu 10.04 that I am trying to connect via a wired network cable directly to a NAS box, and wirelessly to the router. This works no problem after I run sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart but I can't get both interfaces to come up on system startup. My /etc/network/interfaces file reads as follows: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.1.2 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 10.0.1.255 network 10.0.1.0 auto wlan2 iface wlan2 inet dhcp As I say, I know this works, because I can get it to work by restarting the network interfaces, but I can't bring them both up on system startup. Does anyone know why this might be?

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• CentOS: eth0 not starting on boot

  - by Cameron Aziz

  Whenever I reboot a CentOS Hyper-V VM, eth0 does not start automatically. All I need to do is perform ifup eth0 and all is fixed, but that isn't feasible from ssh! I am starting in runlevel 3. After I perform ifup eth0 on the console: [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:5D:2B:2B:07 inet addr:10.10.0.3 Bcast:10.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::215:5dff:fe2b:2b07/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:34 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:49 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4656 (4.5 KiB) TX bytes:6399 (6.2 KiB) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xa000 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=10.10.0.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=10.10.0.1 USERCTL=no ONBOOT=yes [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep network network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

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• Static IP configuration causing apt-get errors

  - by JPbuntu

  I am getting errors when running apt-get update or when installing new packages. Although this only happens when the server configured for a static IP address. Changing the configuration back to DHCP and restarting networking fixes the problem, although I want a static IP. Once it is working I can change back to my static IP address and restart networking. Although this only works until I restart the server (restarting the router is ok), and then I start getting the same errors and have to switch back to DHCP. Any ideas on what could be causing this or tips on troubleshooting it? Thanks in advance. here is my static IP configuration: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.2.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.2.1 The apt-get update errors go something like this: A few of these Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports InRelease then a lot of these Err http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg Something wicked happened resolving 'security.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) and a lot of these W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/universe/i18n/Translation-en Something wicked happened resolving 'us.archive.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname)

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• How do I configure a secondary gateway in RHEL5?

  - by Brett Ryan

  Greetings, we have been experiencing a random timeout issue with VPN users connecting to one of our servers which is causing a problem. My network administrator has instructed me to configure a secondary gateway to include the VPN connection. My current connection resides as follows, 10.1.9.1 is the internal gateway to the internet, I'd like to add 10.1.1.20 as the VPN gateway. # Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708S Gigabit Ethernet DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none BROADCAST=10.1.255.255 IPADDR=10.1.1.22 IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes NETMASK=255.255.0.0 NETWORK=10.1.0.0 ONBOOT=yes GATEWAY=10.1.9.1 TYPE=Ethernet USERCTL=no IPV6INIT=no PEERDNS=yes

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• Correct way of bringing network interface down in linux

  - by Karolis T.

  For example: $ ifconfig dummy0 up $ ifconfig dummy0 "192.168.1.190 netmask 255.255.255.0" Calling ifconfig with no parameters shows the interface dummy0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b6:1f:f3:92:6d:20 inet addr:192.168.1.190 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::b41f:f3ff:fe92:6d20/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:1050 (1.0 KiB) How can I bring the interface down so that it doesn't show up in ifconfig ifconfig -a ifconfig dummy0 without rmmod dummy because dummy is used just for example purposes. If there is no way to do that, what "throw-away" IP could I set to it and be safe from any trouble? like $ ifconfig dummy0 down $ ifconfig dummy0 0.0.0.0

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• Windows 7 - Virtualbox host only adapter doesn't get an IP

  - by Craig

  When I create a new host only network adapter, it will not set the IP address I assign to it. After I save the IP address & netmask it looks like it works (I see the Windows 7 User Account Control verification box), but the IP address doesn't get stored on the adapter. I have tried adding/removing the adapter from within virtualbox and settings the values manually in the Windows aapter settings dialogue. I am using a Windows 7 host. Does anyone know why the settings don't get saved, or how to get more information? C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage list hostonlyifs Name: VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter GUID: 1721835e-e2c8-4f52-90fe-df7227ebe037 DHCP: Disabled IPAddress: 0.0.0.0 NetworkMask: 0.0.0.0 IPV6Address: IPV6NetworkMaskPrefixLength: 0 HardwareAddress: 00:00:00:00:00:00 MediumType: Unknown Status: Unknown VBoxNetworkName: HostInterfaceNetworking-VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter

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• Ubuntu 12.04 Server ping gateway responds with destination host unreachable

  - by blckblttkd

  I consider myself fairly avid with Ubuntu and Linux, but this one has me stumped. I built up a Xen Server using Ubuntu 12.04 as the base operating system. It has multiple domUs running on it. My home network has a statically defined network where I got all the network connectivity going peachy. The server was moved to a permanent home this morning. So, the network configuration on the main system had to change. Again, another static network, but now I can't ping the upstream gateway from the host. As the VMs use this NIC over a bridge, they too are broken. Ping responds with "destination host unreachable." I simplified the networking down to a simple static network as seen below (no bridge or anything) just to get it to work. Here's the contents of my /etc/network/interfaces file: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 216.7.188.228 gateway 216.7.188.225 netmask 255.255.255.240 broadcast 216.7.188.255 network 216.7.188.0 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 Here's the contents of route -n 0.0.0.0 216.7.188.225 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 216.7.188.224 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth0 And the results of pinging the gateway: PING 216.7.188.225 (216.7.188.225) 56(84) bytes of data. From 216.7.188.228 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 216.7.188.228 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 216.7.188.228 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable Again, this worked in one network flawlessly (obviously with different parameters in the interfaces file). I did try using eth1 (as there are two NICS on the server (in case the MAC address got flipped on bootup). No success there. Yes, the cable is in the right port now :) Any thoughts? I appreciate the help!

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• Disabling networkmanager for a specific interface

  - by bdonlan

  I'd like to do some experimentation with hostap without disabling my primary wireless interface. How do I tell networkmanager to keep its hands off a specific interface or interfaces while allowing it to continue managing all other interfaces normally? I'm using Ubuntu 9.04. (Wasn't sure if this should go on superuser or serverfault, as networkmanager isn't much of a 'server' tool - if it belongs on serverfault please feel free to move it) Edit: I've tried adding this to /etc/network/interfaces: allow-hotplug wlan2 iface wlan2 inet static address 192.168.49.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 But this has no apparent effect, even after restarting NetworkManager. Here's my /etc/NetworkManager/nm-system-settings.conf: [main] plugins=ifupdown,keyfile [ifupdown] managed=false Edit[2]: Looks like I needed to restart nm-system-settings, then NetworkManager.

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• How to make ssh/rsync/etc use a VLAN network interface?

  - by Annan

  A company I work for has a number of virtual servers with ElasticHosts. They are setup in such a way that eth1 is on a private VLAN connecting them to each other. This is so backups sent between servers are not charged at the same rate as external data transfer. My understanding of how VLANs and network interfaces work is sketchy at best. How can I make ssh, rsync, etc. transfer data through the VLAN? My final solution: I spent a while trying to figure this out, For all servers involved, edit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes HWADDR=YOUR_MAC_ADDR IPADDR=192.168.0.100 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 Where HWADDR should already be set and the last octate of IPADDR should be different from each other. Then run, on all servers /etc/init.d/network restart After this the IP addresses specified by IPADDR can be used directly as any other IP address.

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