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  • Some Problems Can't Be Outsourced

    - by mikef
    More and more companies are becoming attracted to the idea of Infrastructure as a Service (or IaaS). It would seem that you can outsource the provisioning and management of your services, encompassing everything from Email, through to your servers, workstations and software, all the way down to your LAN and internet services. This type of outsourcing can be a very attractive option for companies who have tight budgets who are short of technical skills or don't have the means to provide long-term IT support. Essentially, they can outsource your services at low short-term costs that are knowable and controllable, are quickly and easily scalable, and generate a minimum of hassle for your internal staff. If you want to get a sophisticated IT infrastructure set up in a hurry without the usual high buy-in costs, or the task of finding and hiring the right specialists. It would seem the way to go, particularly when their salesmen are hypnotizing you with oleaginous phrases such as "we are closely aligned with our client organization's core business requirements, providing agile services". It sounds too good to be true, and so it is. Whereas the costs will have initially been calculated on the annual renewal fees and service fees for ongoing support, there are other charges too which aren't so obvious. It can end up costing far more than the conventional solution once you take into account the extra costs, the fees for customization and upgrades. The Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) only becomes apparent when it is too late to extract the company easily from the arrangement. After a few years, these annual fees can add up to more than the initial cost of implementing a traditional in-house system. Worse than that is that you can then lose your power to determine your priorities: When you become reliant on this company, with its own schedule of priorities, to implement every change, however simple, you have effectively lost control of your technical infrastructure. This will make senior management very nervous. There is definitely a requirement for this sort of service. If you urgently need an exceptionally high class of service or more expertise than you currently possess, then outsourcing is probably for you. You and your IT colleagues will always have something to do, be it user assistance, smoothing out integrations with an external provider, or working on something entirely new. Heck, if you outsource to IBM, the SysAdmins can go along for the ride and polish their expertise. What you need to figure out is how much your time is worth, because time is ultimately all that outsourcing will buy you and your organization. Now you just need to convince your nervous CEO. Cheers, Michael

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  • Powerful Lessons in Data from the Presidential Election

    - by Christina McKeon
    Now that we’ve had a few days to recover from the U.S. presidential election, it’s a good time to take a step back from politics and look for the customer experience lessons that we can take away. The most powerful lesson is that when you know more about your base, you will have an advantage over your competition. That advantage will translate into you winning and your competition losing. Michael Scherer of TIME was given access to Obama’s data analysts two days before the election. His account is documented in Inside the Secret World of the Data Crunchers Who Helped Obama Win. What we learned from Scherer’s inside view is how well Obama’s team did in getting the right data, analyzing it, and acting on it. This data team recognized how critical it was to break down data silos within the campaign. As Scherer noted, they created “a single system that merged information from pollsters, fundraisers, field workers, consumer databases, and social-media and mobile contacts with the main Democratic voter files in the swing states.” The Obama analysis was so meticulous that they knew which celebrity and which type of celebrity event would help them maximize campaign contributions. With a single system, their data models became more precise. They determined which messages were more successful with specific demographic groups and that who made the calls mattered. Data analysis also led to many other changes in Obama’s campaign including a new ad buying strategy, using social media and applications to tap into supporters’ friends, and using new social news sites. While we did not have that same inside view into Romney’s campaign, much of the post-mortem coverage indicates that Romney’s team did not have the right analysis. As Peter Hamby of CNN wrote in Analysis: Why Romney Lost, “Romney officials had modeled an electorate that looked something like a mix of 2004 and 2008….” That historical data did not account for the changing demographics in the U.S. Does your organization approach data like the Obama or Romney team? Do you really know your base? How well can you predict what is going to happen in your business? If you haven’t already put together a strategy and plan to know more, this week’s civics lesson is a powerful reason to do it sooner rather than later. Your competitors are probably thinking the same thing that you are!

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  • SMTP POP3 & PST. Acronyms from Hades.

    - by mikef
    A busy SysAdmin will occasionally have reason to curse SMTP. It is, certainly, one of the strangest events in the history of IT that such a deeply flawed system, designed originally purely for campus use, should have reached its current dominant position. The explanation was that it was the first open-standard email system, so SMTP/POP3 became the internet standard. We are, in consequence, dogged with a system with security weaknesses so extreme that messages are sent in plain text and you have no real assurance as to who the message came from anyway (SMTP-AUTH hasn't really caught on). Even without the security issues, the use of SMTP in an office environment provides a management nightmare to all commercial users responsible for complying with all regulations that control the conduct of business: such as tracking, retaining, and recording company documents. SMTP mail developed from various Unix-based systems designed for campus use that took the mail analogy so literally that mail messages were actually delivered to the users, using a 'store and forward' mechanism. This meant that, from the start, the end user had to store, manage and delete messages. This is a problem that has passed through all the releases of MS Outlook: It has to be able to manage mail locally in the dreaded PST file. As a stand-alone system, Outlook is flawed by its neglect of any means of automatic backup. Previous Outlook PST files actually blew up without warning when they reached the 2 Gig limit and became corrupted and inaccessible, leading to a thriving industry of 3rd party tools to clear up the mess. Microsoft Exchange is, of course, a server-based system. Emails are less likely to be lost in such a system if it is properly run. However, there is nothing to stop users from using local PSTs as well. There is the additional temptation to load emails into mobile devices, or USB keys for off-line working. The result is that the System Administrator is faced by a complex hybrid system where backups have to be taken from Servers, and PCs scattered around the network, where duplication of emails causes storage issues, and document retention policies become impossible to manage. If one adds to that the complexity of mobile phone email readers and mail synchronization, the problem is daunting. It is hardly surprising that the mood darkens when SysAdmins meet and discuss PST Hell. If you were promoted to the task of tormenting the souls of the damned in Hades, what aspects of the management of Outlook would you find most useful for your task? I'd love to hear from you. Cheers, Michael

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  • MSSQL 2000 installation error: Setup failed to configure the server. Refer to the server error logs.

    - by kaneuniversal
    I'm trying to install MSSQL 2000 on a virtual Windows 2003 instance. However, every time I run the install program, it fails to start the service. This is the error log: 21:46:50 C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\80\Tools\Binn\cnfgsvr.exe -F "C:\WINDOWS\sqlstp.log" -I MSSQLSERVER -V 1 -M 0 -Q "SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS" -H 131408 -U sa -P ############################################################################### Starting Service ... SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS -m -Q -T4022 -T3659 Connecting to Server ... driver={sql server};server=xxxxxxxxxx;UID=sa;PWD=;database=master [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver]Timeout expired driver={sql server};server=xxxxxxxxxx;UID=sa;PWD=;database=master [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver]Timeout expired driver={sql server};server=xxxxxxxxxx;UID=sa;PWD=;database=master [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver]Timeout expired SQL Server configuration failed. ############################################################################### 21:49:34 Process Exit Code: (-1) 22:19:04 Setup failed to configure the server. Refer to the server error logs and C:\WINDOWS\sqlstp.log for more information. 22:19:04 Action CleanUpInstall: 22:19:04 C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\1\SqlSetup\Bin\scm.exe -Silent 1 -Action 4 -Service SQLSERVERAGENT 22:19:05 Process Exit Code: (1060) The specified service does not exist as an installed service. 22:19:05 C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\1\SqlSetup\Bin\scm.exe -Silent 1 -Action 4 -Service MSSQLSERVER 22:19:05 Process Exit Code: (0) 22:19:05 StatsGenerate returned: 2 22:19:05 StatsGenerate (0x0,0x1,0xf00000,0x200,1033,303,0x0,0x1,0,0,0 22:19:05 StatsGenerate -1,Administrator) 22:19:05 Installation Failed. Has anyone had this problem? Any ideas about how to fix it? Thanks very much, Michael

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  • Toshiba laptop cd drive read causes OS to totally freeze

    - by Fujishiro
    Okay I'll try to write an understandable summary. Forgive me if I'll fail with that attempt though. So. There is a Toshiba Satellite notebook. Got Windows 7 x86 Professional (OEM) installed on it, everything is fine (okay.. somewhat). The problem. If you put an audio or any kind of disc into the drive, something starts to eat the PC. Back then when the owner told me about this, he put an audio disc into the lappy. Winamp caused the IO load, 100%. Tried taskkill, taskkill /T, tried powershell, EVERYTHING. You just can NOT kill winamp or anything which becomes the blocker at that time. Even if you kill almost everything, laptop won't do a clear shutdown. Also I tried to use the force switch at 'shutdown' from cmd, but no use. (So: At these times you can use the laptop, but the blocker/explorer/disc becomes gray as a non-responding app. You can try to kill them, but that won't work, nor you can shutdown the machine). (Also tried using PID, but no use. For the highest IO I used the "select columns" from Task Manager and enabled the IO columns.) My first hunch was the problematic disc, autoplay and it tries to read tries to read (still shouldn't kill the PC). Disabled autoplay, removed winamp. Tried other software, etc. Everything was ok. Few days later the owner tried to put a disc into the machine and it started to reproduce the same symptoms but with a totally different disc. Uhm what to know. Virus is not an option, protected by BitDefender (valid license) and Spybot. Thanks if you have ANY idea about this strange problem. ps.: For now, the owner uses Daemon tools + Blindwrite as an alternative for those apps which wouldnt start without the disc.

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  • corrupted, hidden, wireless network adapter from "Network Connections" in Windows 7

    - by srihari reddy
    The issue is that when I install a wireless network adapter on my Windows 7 Professional machine I have no connectivity, the system tray icon has a red X. First, I tried the obvious, install updated drivers from the manufacturer. When I did this, the Network Connections icon had gray bars and there was no connectivity. So I tried installling the network adapter on a different computer on the same network and I verified that it does work with no issues. Next, I ran scan disk with no issues. Next, I ran sfc as admin with no issues. At this point I turned to the router and turned SSID broadcast on but that didn't help. I turned MAC address filtering off at the router but that didn't help. Whenever I installed the original network adapter (a wireless N usb adapter with WPA2 TKIP+AES) it showed up as "Wireless Network Connection 2" with a grayed out icon and no connectivity. Lastly, I tried installing two different "verified working" usb wireless adapters on to the Windows 7 Pro machine. The results were the same "Wireless Network Connection 2" that had a green bar icon but no connectivity. I installed the manufacturers software and it indicated the NIC was not there even thought the driver installed successfully in Device Manager. I guess I should mention, I first tried (insanely in vain) to use the (worthless) Windows Network troubleshooter. The results were....drumroll please... There is a problem with the network adapter... well No Duh! Also, during all of this the network adapter is always showing as "Working Properly" in the properties dialogue of Device Manager for the wireless NIC. I checked for hidden devices in Device Manager but there were none. Here is my fundamental question that I've tried to find in the Windows 7 support center with no luck. How do I remove/delete/uninstall network adapters from the Windows 7 registry? in particular hidden, corrupted network adapters, that used to be working.

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  • File corruption after copying files in Windows 7 64 bit using two methods

    - by DustByte
    I have 5000 pictures and other files in a directory taking up 35 GB. I want to duplicate this directory. Method 1: I do a simple copy and paste of the directory in explorer. I have the habit of checking the checksums after copying important files. In this case I noticed that around 2000 files failed the MD5 test. At a closer inspection of a randomly chosen JPEG with different checksums it turns out that some XMP metadata had changed. In particular, the tag <MicrosoftPhoto:DateAcquired> had changed the date from 2009 to today (possibly around the time I was copying the files). I have no idea what triggered this XMP data to be changed and exactly when it was changed and why for these particular files, but at least it seems to explain the checksum discrepancy. Method 2: As I want the exact files to be duplicated, I tried the program FreeFileSync to mirror the directory, hoping no XMP metadata would mysteriously change. A checksum test in addition to a thorough file comparison test in FreeFileSync lead to two similar but yet different results: 31 files fail the checksum test, 23 files fail the file comparison test. The smaller set is not entirely contained in the bigger set, although many files occur in both. What is alarming here is that not only JPEGs are flagged as altered but also som AVIs, MPGs and a large 7-zip file. Closer inspection of a JPEG indicates that it is indeed corrupt: the bottom half of the picture is simply plain gray. Due to the size of the 7-zip file, I have not been able to pin down the discrepancy. Note, in both methods, every file has its correct file size after being copied. Question: Any thoughts on what is possibly going on here? I have never had this problem before, and I am now terrified that files get corrupted after simple actions like copy/paste and file sync. Even if I manage to successfully copy the files somehow, I would still like an explanation to this.

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  • Windows XP seemingly out of resources but plenty of free RAM and swap available

    - by Artem Russakovskii
    This one has been bothering me for years and so far I couldn't find an adequate solution. The problem occurs on pretty much every XP install I've done. After opening a variety of programs or the system running existing programs for a while, Windows seemingly runs out of resources, without telling me. There's ALWAYS free RAM. For example, it just happened to me and I had over a gig of free RAM. There are no viruses, spyware, or other nonsense - it is a Windows resource problem, but the question is which resource is it running out of, how does one pinpoint it, and how does one prevent it? Sometimes, this happens after running specific programs - for example, today it happened when I started Photoshop CS4 and Flash CS4 at the same time. I also noticed that restarting The Bat (email client by Ritlabs) seems to get rid of this problem for a while but again, this happens on machines that don't even have The Bat installed. So what does exactly happen? The symptoms are: pressing alt-tab doesn't bring up the list anymore - it just jumps to the next window instantly, very similar to the way Alt-Esc works, however in this case, it's due to not having enough resources to bring up the alt-tab menu random programs would randomly crash, citing random errors, out of memory errors, system resources, inabilities to do system calls, etc. random programs would start missing random parts - for example, Firefox top menus might disappear, pull up partial selections, or not pull up anymore altogether. IE might lose a few of its toolbars. Some programs might fail to redraw or would just plain go gray where the UI used to be. Windows itself never complains about running out of RAM, virtual memory, or anything at all, yet it's running out of something. The only clue I was able to find and apply the fix today was this Desktop Heap Limitation. I haven't confirmed the fix working as not enough time passed. In the meantime, what are everyone's thoughts?

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  • Mustek 1200 CP driver SFC4.SYS bluescreens with BAD_POOL_HEADER

    - by Slink84
    I have Windows XP SP2. Recently it started bluescreening right after starting up with 'BAD_POOL_HEADER', 0x00000019 error caused by SFC4.SYS driver. After googling for a while I've found out that this is my Mustek's 1200 CP scanner driver. Booting in safe mode and uninstalling it solved the problem... And created another one: now I can't use my scanner. The weird thing is, that it has been working for a while on this PC without any problems. It all started suddenly, and I can't remember installing anything that might have affected it. Reverting to several earlier system restore points didn't help. I've tried re-installing it from the Mustek website, just in case if my copy got corrupted or infected by a virus, but it did not help - it still bluescreens. Also, I've installed Avast and scanned my PC - there were no viruses found. If anyone had such a problem before or has an idea what might have caused it, please help. ED: @Michael Todd: ...try installing on another PC... I've installed it on my friends PC. He has the same OS version, with the latest updates just like mine (he wasn't too happy, even after I've assured him that it is easy to fix by uninstalling that driver :] ). It worked fine - no bluescreens or whatsoever. So I think I've narrowed it down to either BIOS settings, or some wicked driver conflict. Next thing I'm going to try is to re-install XP, or install windows 7. I'm not too happy with a prospect of mucking about with BIOS settings...

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  • Windows 7: Setting up backup to an external hard drive on another computer on the network

    - by seansand
    I have an external hard drive connected to a Windows 7 (Home Edition) computer. I have another computer (with Windows 7 Ultimate), and I want to have the Windows 7 Ultimate back up to the same external hard drive, without having to disconnect and move the external hard drive from the Home Edition PC. When I get to the "Set up backup" dialog within Windows 7, it asks me where to save the backup. I select "Save on a network". However, when I enter "\\computername\harddrivename" under Browse, the "OK" button remains grayed out. The button remains grayed out unless I also enter a Username and Password under "Network credentials". However, the account I have on the other computer doesn't have a password for it. To un-gray out the button I must enter a fake password, allowing me to click "OK", but then obviously I get a "bad password" error. Does anyone know how to get around this problem? (Seems kind of ridiculous.) I made sure that the security settings with the external hard drive on the other computer are full access to Everyone, so permissions is not the problem. I also thought about using Homegroup instead of the regular security settings, but there is no obvious way to go about it that way, either.

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  • How does Windows 7 taskbar "color hot-tracking" feature calculate the colour to use?

    - by theyetiman
    This has intrigued me for quite some time. Does anyone know the algorithm Windows 7 Aero uses to determine the colour to use as the hot-tracking hover highlight on taskbar buttons for currently-running apps? It is definitely based on the icon of the app, but I can't see a specific pattern of where it's getting the colour value from. It doesn't seem to be any of the following: An average colour value from the entire icon, otherwise you would get brown all the time with multi-coloured icons like Chrome. The colour used the most in the image, otherwise you'd get yellow for the SQL Server Management Studio icon (6th from left). Also, the Chrome icon used red, green and yellow in equal measure. A colour located at certain pixel coordinates within the icon, because Chrome is red -indicating the top of the icon - and Notepad++ (2nd from right) is green - indicating the bottom of the icon. I asked this question on ux.stackoverflow.com and it got closed as off-topic, but someone answered with the following: As described by Raymond Chen in this MSDN blog article: Some people ask how it's done. It's really nothing special. The code just looks for the predominant color in the icon. (And, since visual designers are sticklers for this sort of thing, black, white, and shades of gray are not considered "colors" for the purpose of this calculation.) However I wasn't really satisfied with that answer because it doesn't explain how the "predominant" colour is calculated. Surely on the SQL Management Studio icon, the predominant colour, to my eyes at least, is yellow. Yet the highlight is green. I want to know, specifically, what the algorithm is.

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  • 2011 i7 Macbook Pro unable to boot from any Windows CD?

    - by Craig Otis
    I'm encountering issues installing Windows alongside my Lion install. I'm attempting to install from the internal SuperDrive, after using Boot Camp to partition what was a single, HFS+ volume. When holding down Option at boot, the CD appears in the startup list, but upon selecting it, I get a gray screen for 5 minutes, then a flashing white folder. I tried installing rEFIt and using this to boot the CD, but I receive an error about "Not Found" being returned from the "LocateDevicePath", and a mention of the firmware not supporting booting using legacy methods. In the Console, when opening the StartupDisk preference pane (which never presents the CD as a selectable option), I see: 11/25/11 4:39:31.159 PM System Preferences: isCDROM: 0 isDVDROM:1 11/25/11 4:39:31.159 PM System Preferences: mountable disk appeared: /Volumes/GRMCPRFRER_EN_DVD 11/25/11 4:39:33.214 PM System Preferences: - So far so good, passing disk to System Searcher. 11/25/11 4:39:33.218 PM System Preferences: OSXCheck: No boot.efi in System Folder or volume root. 11/25/11 4:39:33.220 PM System Preferences: WinCheck: Not a valid windows filesystem: /Volumes/GRMCPRFRER_EN_DVD 11/25/11 4:39:33.220 PM System Preferences: WinCheck: Not a valid windows filesystem: /Volumes/GRMCPRFRER_EN_DVD I'm at a loss here. I've done my research, but it sounds like most of the rEFIt errors of this nature are caused by installing from a thumbdrive, or an external drive. I'm using the internal SuperDrive. Also, I've tried this with two different disks: A Windows XP SP2 CD A Windows 7 x86 DVD Both are disks I've had around for years, and I've used them reliably in the past. The system is an early 2011 15" Macbook Pro, all firmware updates installed.

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  • Setting Windows 7's Recycle Bin to automatically have a default disk space allocation for deleted files from newly mounted drives

    - by galacticninja
    How do I set Windows 7's Recycle Bin to automatically have a default disk space allocation for deleted files from external hard drives and TrueCrypt-mounted volumes? I remember in Windows XP, I can set a percentage of total disk space that will automatically be used as storage capacity for deleted files by the Recycle Bin, and this will be applied to all external HDs or TC-mounted volumes. Windows 7 defaults to the 'Don't move files to the Recycle Bin. Remove files immediately when deleted' setting for newly mounted external HDs and TC mounted volumes. Since I am expecting deleted files to go to the Recycle Bin, sometimes this causes an 'Oops' when I delete files in external hard drives or TC mounted volumes, as Windows does not move deleted files to the Recycle Bin, but just deletes the files permanently. I have to remember to manually set a custom Recycle Bin storage space for each new drive that is mounted by Windows to avoid this issue. I only use and mount TrueCrypt file containers, not drives. I also don't mount TrueCrypt file containers as removable drives. ('Mount volume as removable medium' is unchecked in Mount Options.) In my $Recycle.Bin > Properties > Security settings, 'System' and 'Administrators' are already set to 'Full Control', while 'Users' only have 'Special Permissions' checked in gray. There are no other groups. I haven't changed or edited anything in these settings. I am using Windows 7 Ultimate.

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  • Hard crash when using bluetooth headset on MacBook Pro and Lion 10.7.2

    - by jtalarico
    I recently picked up a bluetooth headset (Motorola S10-HD) and started using it with my MacBook Pro (17" purchased new in 2010) running Lion 10.7.2. Here's what works - stereo audio: iTunes Spotify Pandora (via browser) games (e.g. Minecraft, which is a Java app) audio from YouTube Plex, VLC, other video players Here's what doesn't work well - stereo audio fails and the headset seems to go into mono (i.e. tinny-as-hell) mode: Google Hangout Skype GoTo Meeting Here's what's just downright catastrophic. If I'm listening to stereo audio and then decide to jump into a Skype call (Google Hangout, or GoTo Meeting), bluetooth often crashes and I can only get things working again by shutting down the device, disabling bluetooth, and getting things back up and running again. But the audio is still horrible, and MUCH better using just a simple set of iPhone earbuds and mic. About 80% of the time during such a call, bluetooth crashes. And about 90% of the time, after the call ends, Skype is shut down, or I try to switch back to playing stereo audio, I get a hard crash!! The gray screen of death descends and I'm told I need to restart my machine. In one such instance, even after a reboot, I could not enable bluetooth again ("Turn Bluetooth On" was grayed out in taskbar). Is this just a weak implementation of bluetooth by Apple, or is this a hardware issue? I've seen others posting similar issues even on the Apple support site indicating that bluetooth headsets are failing left and right, but I haven't seen anyone mention hard crashes.

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  • Ubuntu 10.10 forgets desktop theme.

    - by Marcelo Cantos
    I am running Ubuntu in VirtualBox (on a Windows 7 host). Several times now, the top-level menu bar, the task bar — and seemingly every system dialog — have forgotten the out-of-the-box "Ambiance" theme they conform to when I first installed the system. Window captions still preserve the theme, but pretty much nothing else does. I have searched high and low on Google for assistance with this problem. Everything I've found suggests either running some gconf reset or deleting .gconf* .gnome* and other similar directories. I have followed all this advice and nothing works. I still get a boring Windows-95-style gray 3D look and feel. On previous occasions, after much messing around I've given up and rebooted the VM instance, and been pleasantly suprised to see the original "Ambience" theme restored throughout the UI, but invariably it disappears again some time later, usually after a reboot, so I can never figure out what I did that broke it. Here's a sample from Ubuntu's site of what I want it to look like. And here's a screenshot of my system as it currently looks. Also note that my GNOME Terminals normally have a nice purple semi-translucent look, and as can be seen from the screenshot, they are now just a solid matt white. This last time (just this morning), trying numerous combinations all the usual tricks and rebooting several times hasn't fixed it, so here I am on SU wondering: How do I recover the out-of-the-box theme for my Gnome/Ubuntu desktop, noting that blowing away all config files — as suggested in many places online — fails to achieve this? EDIT: It might help to know that it seems to fail either after I resize the VM instance, forcing the Ubuntu desktop to resize itself, or after I play around with Compiz settings. I haven't been able to figure out which of these it is, and it could be neither. Given the amount of pain I have had to go through to get things back to normal (and given that I am at a loss as to how to do so), it has proven difficult to definitively isolate the cause.

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  • K8NDRE motherboard in server fails to complete BIOS load with error 0078

    - by John
    K8NDRE motherboard with 4 sata drives, was running fine. Drives had raid-0 and raid-1 partitions, using mdadm. The onboard raid is disabled. Upon reformatting the drives, setting a new partition structure and new raid partitions, the bios fails to finish loading, with 0078 in the bottom right corner. Tried using completely new set of drives, and bios worked fine. Able to boot from a usb, format the drives, partition them, start raid, and then installed os. Reboot and received the same error from the bios, 0078. Works fine if I unplug the sata drives. Any thoughts? Physical inspection reveals no damage cables, connectors, or capacitors. Server was running happily for over a year, and this is the first problem it has had. Per Michael Hampton's answer: The drives, unjumpered and supporting sata III worked fine originally, and worked fine for formatting and having new partitions and raid installed on them. I did try jumpering one, with no change. If I put a brand new unformatted drive in, the motherboard recognizes it and I can proceed with formatting and installing. When I reboot, I get the 0078. I have 4 sata cables-the board supports 4 drives, so I tried each and no change. I am close to calling the motherboard done.

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  • How can I automate or script daily downloads for any new anti- virus databases, and then have the program scan my drive?

    - by Macgrimm
    Howdy all Super Users" I humbly ask if any Super User can direct this long time, gray haired Apple Tech in the right direction on this issue. I believe there probably are many ways to skin this cat. But I am looking to find simply the best, most unattended way to get it done. Any help will be greatly appreciated. also (I know there are much better softwares out there for the Mac so please don't go there! The politics of this company dictate which Anti virus we have to use) anyway without any further wait: basically I am trying to automate 2 very important functions of Mc'Afee anti-virus for Mac. First I want to automate the process of retrieving new virus definition files, and second I want to automate the process of scanning for viruses. It turns out that Using Mc'Afee Anti-Virus for the Mac are both manual functions. And they left up to the user (per user account) to perform. Depending on all of about 150 MAc users to perform these 2 tasks themselves is around 65% compliance. My question then is: If I wanted to use the command line such as (open /Applications/McAfee\ Security.app) It will open up the Security Console. But how can I make command Mc'Afee go out and grab the definition files and scan the computer? I have to admit I am at a crossroad and Macaltimers has set in. I would really appreciate it if any of you "Super ~ Users" can help me out with this MacAltimers loss of how to what to do. Thanks to All up Front Macgrimm

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  • Understanding Unix Permissions (w/ ACL)

    - by Dr. DOT
    I am trying to set permissions on my server properly. Currently I have a number of directories and files chmod'd at 0777 -- but I am not comfortable with it being this way. So at the advice of a serverfault specialist, I had my hosting provider install ACL on my shared virtual server. When I FTP to the server as my FTP user account "abc", I can do everything I need to do (and rightfully so) because all my dirs and files are owned by "abc", the group is "abc", and the 1st octet is set to 7 (rwx). That much I get. But here's where it gets dark gray for me. PHP is set to user "nobody". so when someone browses on of my web pages that either ends in .php or has some embedded PHP, I assume the last octet controls the access. Because all my dirs and files are owned by "abc" and assigned to group "abc", if the last octet was a 4 (r--) then the server would let the browser read the file. If it were a 6 (rw-) then the server would let the browser also write to the file or directory, correct? what if the web document does not end in .php or does not have any PHP embedded? What is the user then? how can I use ACL to not set the permission to 6 (rw-) or even 7 (rwx)? [not sure what execute does or means] Just looking for some sort of policy settings to best lock down my dirs and files while allowing my PHP scripts to do uploads and write to files (so my users don't call me to tell me "permission denied". Ok, thanks to anyone out there willing to lend me a hand. It is greatly appreciated.

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  • GPG - why am I encrypting with subkey instead of primary key?

    - by khedron
    When encrypting a file to send to a collaborator, I see this message: gpg: using subkey XXXX instead of primary key YYYY Why would that be? I've noticed that when they send me an encrypted file, it also appears to be encrypted towards my subkey instead of my primary key. For me, this doesn't appear to be a problem; gpg (1.4.x, macosx) just handles it & moves on. But for them, with their automated tool setup, this seems to be an issue, and they've requested that I be sure to use their primary key. I've tried to do some reading, and I have the Michael Lucas's "GPG & PGP" book on order, but I'm not seeing why there's this distinction. I have read that the key used for signing and the key used for encryption would be different, but I assumed that was about public vs private keys at first. In case it was a trust/validation issue, I went through the process of comparing fingerprints and verifying, yes, I trust this key. While I was doing that, I noticed the primary & subkeys had different "usage" notes: primary: usage: SCA subkey: usage: E "E" seems likely to mean "Encryption". But, I haven't been able to find any documentation on this. Moreover, my collaborator has been using these tools & techniques for some years now, so why would this only be a problem for me?

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  • solution for an offline server

    - by dashmug
    I'm trying to setup a development server at work that will ideally be able to test drive a couple of projects in PHP, Rails, or Django (not always running at the same time). I develop the apps locally on a Mac and then I'll put the projects up on this server for testing with my actual users (non-techies) before deploying to a production server. My problem is that we have a very poor internet connection (almost negligible) at work and doing the usual apt-get/yum/ports (make, clean, install) processes for setting up servers always get their packages from online repositories somewhere. I know I could probably download the source and then compile them myself but that's going to be too much of a hassle for me. I'm thinking about two solutions: Plan A: Run a server VM on my Mac and then use this VM as the source repository for the offline server. I've read about Ubuntu's apt-proxy and it seems to be good enough though I haven't tried it yet. I'm not sure if this is possible but can I simply do apt-get install nginx --downloadonly so that the package and its dependencies will be downloaded into my VM and my server can use the VM as the source repo for apt-get? Plan B: Run a server VM on my Mac (which I can setup/update easily when I'm home) and then clone the VM to the offline development server. Maybe I should simply make the server a VM host so I can simply copy the VM over. I think this is okay for the first-time setup but subsequent updates will take too long (cloning the VM image). If I was working on Windows, I imagine it'd be easier because most services have an installer file that I can download and then run at the server. If you could suggest another way, it would be much appreciated. Update: From Michael Hampton's answer, I found a possible solution which is apt-cacher. I also found this page on Ubuntu's website. I wonder if there is a better tool than this one.

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  • [WPF] ComboBox Style problems with DisplayMemberPath

    - by kornelijepetak
    I have a ComboBox and I have set the combo.ItemsSource property to a List object. The Book class contains two properties: "Abbreviation" and "Name". I have set the ComboBox's DisplayMemberPath to "Abbreviation" but the following style that is set on the ComboBox does not display the Abbreviation property, but instead shows "Words.Book" which is the name of the class. The ComboBox drop-down displays a list correctly (Using the specified Abbreviation property). The problem is in the selected ComboBox item, the one displayed when the ComboBox' drop-down is closed. I guess the problem is in ContentPresenter in DataTemplate but I was unable to find a successful solution. Currently the ContentPresenter's Content property is set to Content="{TemplateBinding Content} but I don't know if that's how it should be. Any ideas how to show the property specified in DisplayMemberPath on the selected item? Thank you the code: <ControlTemplate x:Key="ComboBoxToggleButton" TargetType="ToggleButton"> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition /> <ColumnDefinition Width="20" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Border x:Name="Border" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" CornerRadius="2" BorderThickness="1" Background="{DynamicResource ribbonTitleFade}" /> <Border Grid.Column="0" CornerRadius="2,0,0,2" Margin="1,6,1,6" BorderBrush="{DynamicResource boSecE}" BorderThickness="0,0,1,0" /> <Path x:Name="Arrow" Grid.Column="1" Fill="White" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Data="M 0 0 L 4 4 L 8 0 Z" /> </Grid> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="ToggleButton.IsMouseOver" Value="true"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{DynamicResource ribbonTitleFade}" /> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="ToggleButton.IsChecked" Value="true"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="{DynamicResource ribbonTitleFade}" /> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="Black" /> <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="BorderBrush" Value="Black" /> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Gray"/> <Setter TargetName="Arrow" Property="Fill" Value="Gray" /> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> <Style x:Key="comboBoxBorderTransparent" TargetType="Control"> <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{DynamicResource boPrimC}" /> </Style> <Style x:Key="comboItemStyle" TargetType="ComboBoxItem"> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ComboBoxItem}"> <Border x:Name="backBorder" > <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <Rectangle x:Name="rectA" Stroke="White" Width="4" Height="4" Fill="#80FFFFFF" Margin="5,0,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" /> <TextBlock x:Name="text" Foreground="White" FontSize="10px"> <ContentPresenter Margin="8,1,0,1" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" /> </TextBlock> </StackPanel> </Border> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="ComboBoxItem.IsMouseOver" Value="true"> <Setter TargetName="rectA" Property="Stroke" Value="Black" /> <Setter TargetName="rectA" Property="Fill" Value="#80000000" /> <Setter TargetName="backBorder" Property="Background" Value="White"/> <Setter TargetName="text" Property="Foreground" Value="{DynamicResource boPrimC}"/> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> <DataTemplate x:Key="comboSelectedItemTemplate"> <TextBlock Foreground="White" FontSize="10px"> <ContentPresenter Content="{TemplateBinding Content}" /> </TextBlock> </DataTemplate> <Style TargetType="ComboBox"> <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="true"/> <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="true"/> <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Auto"/> <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility" Value="Auto"/> <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="true"/> <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="60"/> <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="20"/> <Setter Property="ItemContainerStyle" Value="{DynamicResource comboItemStyle}"/> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="ComboBox"> <Grid> <ToggleButton Name="ToggleButton" Grid.Column="2" Template="{StaticResource ComboBoxToggleButton}" Focusable="false" IsChecked="{Binding Path=IsDropDownOpen,Mode=TwoWay,RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}" ClickMode="Press"> </ToggleButton> <ContentPresenter HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Name="ContentSite" IsHitTestVisible="False" Content="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItem}" ContentTemplate="{DynamicResource comboSelectedItemTemplate}" ContentTemplateSelector="{TemplateBinding ItemTemplateSelector}" Margin="3,3,23,3" /> <Popup Name="Popup" Placement="Bottom" IsOpen="{TemplateBinding IsDropDownOpen}" AllowsTransparency="False" Focusable="False" PopupAnimation="Slide"> <Grid Name="DropDown" SnapsToDevicePixels="True" MinWidth="{TemplateBinding ActualWidth}" MaxHeight="{TemplateBinding MaxDropDownHeight}"> <Border x:Name="DropDownBorder" Background="{DynamicResource ribbonTitleFade}" BorderThickness="1" BorderBrush="{DynamicResource boPrimC}" /> <ScrollViewer Margin="4,6,4,6" SnapsToDevicePixels="True"> <StackPanel IsItemsHost="True" KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Contained" /> </ScrollViewer> </Grid> </Popup> </Grid> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="HasItems" Value="false"> <Setter TargetName="DropDownBorder" Property="MinHeight" Value="95"/> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false"> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black"/> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsGrouping" Value="true"> <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="false"/> </Trigger> <Trigger SourceName="Popup" Property="Popup.AllowsTransparency" Value="true"> <Setter TargetName="DropDownBorder" Property="CornerRadius" Value="2"/> <Setter TargetName="DropDownBorder" Property="Margin" Value="0"/> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsEditable" Value="true"> <Setter Property="IsTabStop" Value="false"/> <!--<Setter TargetName="ContentSite" Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden"/>--> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Style.Triggers> </Style.Triggers> </Style>

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  • Handling inheritance with overriding efficiently

    - by Fyodor Soikin
    I have the following two data structures. First, a list of properties applied to object triples: Object1 Object2 Object3 Property Value O1 O2 O3 P1 "abc" O1 O2 O3 P2 "xyz" O1 O3 O4 P1 "123" O2 O4 O5 P1 "098" Second, an inheritance tree: O1 O2 O4 O3 O5 Or viewed as a relation: Object Parent O2 O1 O4 O2 O3 O1 O5 O3 O1 null The semantics of this being that O2 inherits properties from O1; O4 - from O2 and O1; O3 - from O1; and O5 - from O3 and O1, in that order of precedence. NOTE 1: I have an efficient way to select all children or all parents of a given object. This is currently implemented with left and right indexes, but hierarchyid could also work. This does not seem important right now. NOTE 2: I have tiggers in place that make sure that the "Object" column always contains all possible objects, even when they do not really have to be there (i.e. have no parent or children defined). This makes it possible to use inner joins rather than severely less effiecient outer joins. The objective is: Given a pair of (Property, Value), return all object triples that have that property with that value either defined explicitly or inherited from a parent. NOTE 1: An object triple (X,Y,Z) is considered a "parent" of triple (A,B,C) when it is true that either X = A or X is a parent of A, and the same is true for (Y,B) and (Z,C). NOTE 2: A property defined on a closer parent "overrides" the same property defined on a more distant parent. NOTE 3: When (A,B,C) has two parents - (X1,Y1,Z1) and (X2,Y2,Z2), then (X1,Y1,Z1) is considered a "closer" parent when: (a) X2 is a parent of X1, or (b) X2 = X1 and Y2 is a parent of Y1, or (c) X2 = X1 and Y2 = Y1 and Z2 is a parent of Z1 In other words, the "closeness" in ancestry for triples is defined based on the first components of the triples first, then on the second components, then on the third components. This rule establishes an unambigous partial order for triples in terms of ancestry. For example, given the pair of (P1, "abc"), the result set of triples will be: O1, O2, O3 -- Defined explicitly O1, O2, O5 -- Because O5 inherits from O3 O1, O4, O3 -- Because O4 inherits from O2 O1, O4, O5 -- Because O4 inherits from O2 and O5 inherits from O3 O2, O2, O3 -- Because O2 inherits from O1 O2, O2, O5 -- Because O2 inherits from O1 and O5 inherits from O3 O2, O4, O3 -- Because O2 inherits from O1 and O4 inherits from O2 O3, O2, O3 -- Because O3 inherits from O1 O3, O2, O5 -- Because O3 inherits from O1 and O5 inherits from O3 O3, O4, O3 -- Because O3 inherits from O1 and O4 inherits from O2 O3, O4, O5 -- Because O3 inherits from O1 and O4 inherits from O2 and O5 inherits from O3 O4, O2, O3 -- Because O4 inherits from O1 O4, O2, O5 -- Because O4 inherits from O1 and O5 inherits from O3 O4, O4, O3 -- Because O4 inherits from O1 and O4 inherits from O2 O5, O2, O3 -- Because O5 inherits from O1 O5, O2, O5 -- Because O5 inherits from O1 and O5 inherits from O3 O5, O4, O3 -- Because O5 inherits from O1 and O4 inherits from O2 O5, O4, O5 -- Because O5 inherits from O1 and O4 inherits from O2 and O5 inherits from O3 Note that the triple (O2, O4, O5) is absent from this list. This is because property P1 is defined explicitly for the triple (O2, O4, O5) and this prevents that triple from inheriting that property from (O1, O2, O3). Also note that the triple (O4, O4, O5) is also absent. This is because that triple inherits its value of P1="098" from (O2, O4, O5), because it is a closer parent than (O1, O2, O3). The straightforward way to do it is the following. First, for every triple that a property is defined on, select all possible child triples: select Children1.Id as O1, Children2.Id as O2, Children3.Id as O3, tp.Property, tp.Value from TriplesAndProperties tp -- Select corresponding objects of the triple inner join Objects as Objects1 on Objects1.Id = tp.O1 inner join Objects as Objects2 on Objects2.Id = tp.O2 inner join Objects as Objects3 on Objects3.Id = tp.O3 -- Then add all possible children of all those objects inner join Objects as Children1 on Objects1.Id [isparentof] Children1.Id inner join Objects as Children2 on Objects2.Id [isparentof] Children2.Id inner join Objects as Children3 on Objects3.Id [isparentof] Children3.Id But this is not the whole story: if some triple inherits the same property from several parents, this query will yield conflicting results. Therefore, second step is to select just one of those conflicting results: select * from ( select Children1.Id as O1, Children2.Id as O2, Children3.Id as O3, tp.Property, tp.Value, row_number() over( partition by Children1.Id, Children2.Id, Children3.Id, tp.Property order by Objects1.[depthInTheTree] descending, Objects2.[depthInTheTree] descending, Objects3.[depthInTheTree] descending ) as InheritancePriority from ... (see above) ) where InheritancePriority = 1 The window function row_number() over( ... ) does the following: for every unique combination of objects triple and property, it sorts all values by the ancestral distance from the triple to the parents that the value is inherited from, and then I only select the very first of the resulting list of values. A similar effect can be achieved with a GROUP BY and ORDER BY statements, but I just find the window function semantically cleaner (the execution plans they yield are identical). The point is, I need to select the closest of contributing ancestors, and for that I need to group and then sort within the group. And finally, now I can simply filter the result set by Property and Value. This scheme works. Very reliably and predictably. It has proven to be very powerful for the business task it implements. The only trouble is, it is awfuly slow. One might point out the join of seven tables might be slowing things down, but that is actually not the bottleneck. According to the actual execution plan I'm getting from the SQL Management Studio (as well as SQL Profiler), the bottleneck is the sorting. The problem is, in order to satisfy my window function, the server has to sort by Children1.Id, Children2.Id, Children3.Id, tp.Property, Parents1.[depthInTheTree] descending, Parents2.[depthInTheTree] descending, Parents3.[depthInTheTree] descending, and there can be no indexes it can use, because the values come from a cross join of several tables. EDIT: Per Michael Buen's suggestion (thank you, Michael), I have posted the whole puzzle to sqlfiddle here. One can see in the execution plan that the Sort operation accounts for 32% of the whole query, and that is going to grow with the number of total rows, because all the other operations use indexes. Usually in such cases I would use an indexed view, but not in this case, because indexed views cannot contain self-joins, of which there are six. The only way that I can think of so far is to create six copies of the Objects table and then use them for the joins, thus enabling an indexed view. Did the time come that I shall be reduced to that kind of hacks? The despair sets in.

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  • Design by Contract with Microsoft .Net Code Contract

    - by Fredrik N
    I have done some talks on different events and summits about Defensive Programming and Design by Contract, last time was at Cornerstone’s Developer Summit 2010. Next time will be at SweNug (Sweden .Net User Group). I decided to write a blog post about of some stuffs I was talking about. Users are a terrible thing! Protect your self from them ”Human users have a gift for doing the worst possible thing at the worst possible time.” – Michael T. Nygard, Release It! The kind of users Michael T. Nygard are talking about is the users of a system. We also have users that uses our code, the users I’m going to focus on is the users of our code. Me and you and another developers. “Any fool can write code that a computer can understand. Good programmers write code that humans can understand.” – Martin Fowler Good programmers also writes code that humans know how to use, good programmers also make sure software behave in a predictable manner despise inputs or user actions. Design by Contract   Design by Contract (DbC) is a way for us to make a contract between us (the code writer) and the users of our code. It’s about “If you give me this, I promise to give you this”. It’s not about business validations, that is something completely different that should be part of the domain model. DbC is to make sure the users of our code uses it in a correct way, and that we can rely on the contract and write code in a way where we know that the users will follow the contract. It will make it much easier for us to write code with a contract specified. Something like the following code is something we may see often: public void DoSomething(Object value) { value.DoIKnowThatICanDoThis(); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Where “value” can be uses directly or passed to other methods and later be used. What some of us can easily forget here is that the “value” can be “null”. We will probably not passing a null value, but someone else that uses our code maybe will do it. I think most of you (including me) have passed “null” into a method because you don’t know if the argument need to be specified to a valid value etc. I bet most of you also have got the “Null reference exception”. Sometimes this “Null reference exception” can be hard and take time to fix, because we need to search among our code to see where the “null” value was passed in etc. Wouldn’t it be much better if we can as early as possible specify that the value can’t not be null, so the users of our code also know it when the users starts to use our code, and before run time execution of the code? This is where DbC comes into the picture. We can use DbC to specify what we need, and by doing so we can rely on the contract when we write our code. So the code above can actually use the DoIKnowThatICanDoThis() method on the value object without being worried that the “value” can be null. The contract between the users of the code and us writing the code, says that the “value” can’t be null.   Pre- and Postconditions   When working with DbC we are specifying pre- and postconditions.  Precondition is a condition that should be met before a query or command is executed. An example of a precondition is: “The Value argument of the method can’t be null”, and we make sure the “value” isn’t null before the method is called. Postcondition is a condition that should be met when a command or query is completed, a postcondition will make sure the result is correct. An example of a postconditon is “The method will return a list with at least 1 item”. Commands an Quires When using DbC, we need to know what a Command and a Query is, because some principles that can be good to follow are based on commands and queries. A Command is something that will not return anything, like the SQL’s CREATE, UPDATE and DELETE. There are two kinds of Commands when using DbC, the Creation commands (for example a Constructor), and Others. Others can for example be a Command to add a value to a list, remove or update a value etc. //Creation commands public Stack(int size) //Other commands public void Push(object value); public void Remove(); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   A Query, is something that will return something, for example an Attribute, Property or a Function, like the SQL’s SELECT.   There are two kinds of Queries, the Basic Queries  (Quires that aren’t based on another queries), and the Derived Queries, queries that is based on another queries. Here is an example of queries of a Stack: //Basic Queries public int Count; public object this[int index] { get; } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } To understand about some principles that are good to follow when using DbC, we need to know about the Commands and different Queries. The 6 Principles When working with DbC, it’s advisable to follow some principles to make it easier to define and use contracts. The following DbC principles are: Separate commands and queries. Separate basic queries from derived queries. For each derived query, write a postcondition that specifies what result will be returned, in terms of one or more basic queries. For each command, write a postcondition that specifies the value of every basic query. For every query and command, decide on a suitable precondition. Write invariants to define unchanging properties of objects. Before I will write about each of them I want you to now that I’m going to use .Net 4.0 Code Contract. I will in the rest of the post uses a simple Stack (Yes I know, .Net already have a Stack class) to give you the basic understanding about using DbC. A Stack is a data structure where the first item in, will be the first item out. Here is a basic implementation of a Stack where not contract is specified yet: public class Stack { private object[] _array; //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { return _array[index]; } set { _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { return this[Count]; } //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { this[Count] = null; Count--; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   Note: The Stack is implemented in a way to demonstrate the use of Code Contract in a simple way, the implementation may not look like how you would implement it, so don’t think this is the perfect Stack implementation, only used for demonstration.   Before I will go deeper into the principles I will simply mention how we can use the .Net Code Contract. I mention before about pre- and postcondition, is about “Require” something and to “Ensure” something. When using Code Contract, we will use a static class called “Contract” and is located in he “System.Diagnostics.Contracts” namespace. The contract must be specified at the top or our member statement block. To specify a precondition with Code Contract we uses the Contract.Requires method, and to specify a postcondition, we uses the Contract.Ensure method. Here is an example where both a pre- and postcondition are used: public object Top() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0, "Stack is empty"); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   The contract above requires that the Count is greater than 0, if not we can’t get the item at the Top of a Stack. We also Ensures that the results (By using the Contract.Result method, we can specify a postcondition that will check if the value returned from a method is correct) of the Top query is equal to this[Count].   1. Separate Commands and Queries   When working with DbC, it’s important to separate Command and Quires. A method should either be a command that performs an Action, or returning information to the caller, not both. By asking a question the answer shouldn’t be changed. The following is an example of a Command and a Query of a Stack: public void Push(object value) public object Top() .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   The Push is a command and will not return anything, just add a value to the Stack, the Top is a query to get the item at the top of the stack.   2. Separate basic queries from derived queries There are two different kinds of queries,  the basic queries that doesn’t rely on another queries, and derived queries that uses a basic query. The “Separate basic queries from derived queries” principle is about about that derived queries can be specified in terms of basic queries. So this principles is more about recognizing that a query is a derived query or a basic query. It will then make is much easier to follow the other principles. The following code shows a basic query and a derived query: //Basic Queries public uint Count; //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   We can see that IsEmpty will use the Count query, and that makes the IsEmpty a Derived query.   3. For each derived query, write a postcondition that specifies what result will be returned, in terms of one or more basic queries.   When the derived query is recognize we can follow the 3ed principle. For each derived query, we can create a postcondition that specifies what result our derived query will return in terms of one or more basic queries. Remember that DbC is about contracts between the users of the code and us writing the code. So we can’t use demand that the users will pass in a valid value, we must also ensure that we will give the users what the users wants, when the user is following our contract. The IsEmpty query of the Stack will use a Count query and that will make the IsEmpty a Derived query, so we should now write a postcondition that specified what results will be returned, in terms of using a basic query and in this case the Count query, //Basic Queries public uint Count; //Derived Queries public bool IsEmpty() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<bool>() == (Count == 0)); return Count == 0; } The Contract.Ensures is used to create a postcondition. The above code will make sure that the results of the IsEmpty (by using the Contract.Result to get the result of the IsEmpty method) is correct, that will say that the IsEmpty will be either true or false based on Count is equal to 0 or not. The postcondition are using a basic query, so the IsEmpty is now following the 3ed principle. We also have another Derived Query, the Top query, it will also need a postcondition and it uses all basic queries. The Result of the Top method must be the same value as the this[] query returns. //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { return _array[index]; } set { _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   4. For each command, write a postcondition that specifies the value of every basic query.   For each command we will create a postconditon that specifies the value of basic queries. If we look at the Stack implementation we will have three Commands, one Creation command, the Constructor, and two others commands, Push and Remove. Those commands need a postcondition and they should include basic query to follow the 4th principle. //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Contract.Ensures(Count == 0); Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) + 1); Contract.Ensures(this[Count] == value); this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   As you can see the Create command will Ensures that Count will be 0 when the Stack is created, when a Stack is created there shouldn’t be any items in the stack. The Push command will take a value and put it into the Stack, when an item is pushed into the Stack, the Count need to be increased to know the number of items added to the Stack, and we must also make sure the item is really added to the Stack. The postconditon of the Push method will make sure the that old value of the Count (by using the Contract.OldValue we can get the value a Query has before the method is called)  plus 1 will be equal to the Count query, this is the way we can ensure that the Push will increase the Count with one. We also make sure the this[] query will now contain the item we pushed into the Stack. The Remove method must make sure the Count is decreased by one when the top item is removed from the Stack. The Commands is now following the 4th principle, where each command now have a postcondition that used the value of basic queries. Note: The principle says every basic Query, the Remove only used one Query the Count, it’s because this command can’t use the this[] query because an item is removed, so the only way to make sure an item is removed is to just use the Count query, so the Remove will still follow the principle.   5. For every query and command, decide on a suitable precondition.   We have now focused only on postcondition, now time for some preconditons. The 5th principle is about deciding a suitable preconditon for every query and command. If we starts to look at one of our basic queries (will not go through all Queries and commands here, just some of them) the this[] query, we can’t pass an index that is lower then 1 (.Net arrays and list are zero based, but not the stack in this blog post ;)) and the index can’t be lesser than the number of items in the stack. So here we will need a preconditon. public object this[uint index] { get { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); return _array[index]; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Think about the Contract as an documentation about how to use the code in a correct way, so if the contract could be specified elsewhere (not part of the method body), we could simply write “return _array[index]” and there is no need to check if index is greater or lesser than Count, because that is specified in a “contract”. The implementation of Code Contract, requires that the contract is specified in the code. As a developer I would rather have this contract elsewhere (Like Spec#) or implemented in a way Eiffel uses it as part of the language. Now when we have looked at one Query, we can also look at one command, the Remove command (You can see the whole implementation of the Stack at the end of this blog post, where precondition is added to more queries and commands then what I’m going to show in this section). We can only Remove an item if the Count is greater than 0. So we can write a precondition that will require that Count must be greater than 0. public void Remove() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   6. Write invariants to define unchanging properties of objects.   The last principle is about making sure the object are feeling great! This is done by using invariants. When using Code Contract we can specify invariants by adding a method with the attribute ContractInvariantMethod, the method must be private or public and can only contains calls to Contract.Invariant. To make sure the Stack feels great, the Stack must have 0 or more items, the Count can’t never be a negative value to make sure each command and queries can be used of the Stack. Here is our invariant for the Stack object: [ContractInvariantMethod] private void ObjectInvariant() { Contract.Invariant(Count >= 0); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   Note: The ObjectInvariant method will be called every time after a Query or Commands is called. Here is the full example using Code Contract:   public class Stack { private object[] _array; //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); return _array[index]; } set { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<bool>() == (Count == 0)); return Count == 0; } //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0, "Stack is empty"); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Contract.Requires(size > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == 0); Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { Contract.Requires(value != null); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) + 1); Contract.Ensures(this[Count] == value); this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } [ContractInvariantMethod] private void ObjectInvariant() { Contract.Invariant(Count >= 0); } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Summary By using Design By Contract we can make sure the users are using our code in a correct way, and we must also make sure the users will get the expected results when they uses our code. This can be done by specifying contracts. To make it easy to use Design By Contract, some principles may be good to follow like the separation of commands an queries. With .Net 4.0 we can use the Code Contract feature to specify contracts.

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  • Jframe using multiple classes?

    - by user2945880
    and im trying to make it so it can show multiple classes at once Jframe: import javax.swing.JFrame; import java.awt.BorderLayout; public class Concert { public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.setSize(1000, 800); frame.setTitle("Concert!"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); Concertbackground component = new Concertbackground(); BandComponent component1 = new BandComponent(); frame.add(component, BorderLayout.NORTH); frame.add(component1, BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.setVisible(true); } } These are the two classes mentioned in the Jframe: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Rectangle; import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D; import java.awt.geom.Line2D; import javax.swing.JComponent; import java.awt.Polygon; /* BandComponent.java Justin Walker 10/27/13 */ public class BandComponent extends JComponent { public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { // Recover Graphics2D Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; int xScale = 250; int yScale = 100; int x = 343; int y = 343; //singer Polygon sing = new Polygon(); sing.addPoint(667 ,208 + xScale); sing.addPoint(676,213 + xScale); sing.addPoint(678,217 + xScale); sing.addPoint(682,221 + xScale); sing.addPoint(681,224 + xScale); sing.addPoint(680,231 + xScale); sing.addPoint(676,242 + xScale); sing.addPoint(672,244 + xScale); sing.addPoint(672,250 + xScale); sing.addPoint(682,248 + xScale); sing.addPoint(713,244 + xScale); sing.addPoint(734,247 + xScale); sing.addPoint(750,247 + xScale); sing.addPoint(794,232 + xScale); sing.addPoint(800,231 + xScale); sing.addPoint(801,223 + xScale); sing.addPoint(807,219 + xScale); sing.addPoint(806,221 + xScale); sing.addPoint(806,229 + xScale); sing.addPoint(818,222 + xScale); sing.addPoint(820,223 + xScale); sing.addPoint(825,227 + xScale); sing.addPoint(825,240 + xScale); sing.addPoint(817,243 + xScale); sing.addPoint(807,245 + xScale); sing.addPoint(803,247 + xScale); sing.addPoint(801,252 + xScale); sing.addPoint(781,257 + xScale); sing.addPoint(762,264 + xScale); sing.addPoint(734,271 + xScale); sing.addPoint(701,286 + xScale); sing.addPoint(691,296 + xScale); sing.addPoint(693,311 + xScale); sing.addPoint(690,317 + xScale); sing.addPoint(690,335 + xScale); sing.addPoint(691,339 + xScale); sing.addPoint(689,343 + xScale); sing.addPoint(712,382 + xScale); sing.addPoint(725,400 + xScale); sing.addPoint(731,418 + xScale); sing.addPoint(731,428 + xScale); sing.addPoint(738,454 + xScale); sing.addPoint(741,460 + xScale); sing.addPoint(746,468 + xScale); sing.addPoint(766,468 + xScale); sing.addPoint(771,481 + xScale);// sing.addPoint(723,482 + xScale); sing.addPoint(720,462 + xScale); sing.addPoint(718,454 + xScale); sing.addPoint(709,436 + xScale); sing.addPoint(703,436 + xScale); sing.addPoint(699,417 + xScale); sing.addPoint(686,396 + xScale); sing.addPoint(678,395 + xScale); sing.addPoint(676,437 + xScale); sing.addPoint(673,439 + xScale); sing.addPoint(638,435 + xScale); sing.addPoint(640,398 + xScale); sing.addPoint(634,410 + xScale); sing.addPoint(625,416 + xScale); sing.addPoint(622,436 + xScale); sing.addPoint(622,443 + xScale); sing.addPoint(615,447 + xScale); sing.addPoint(609,456 + xScale); sing.addPoint(606,481 + xScale);// sing.addPoint(557,481 + xScale); sing.addPoint(560,467 + xScale); sing.addPoint(579,467 + xScale); sing.addPoint(587,464 + xScale); sing.addPoint(593,452 + xScale); sing.addPoint(594,441 + xScale); sing.addPoint(592,434 + xScale); sing.addPoint(600,416 + xScale); sing.addPoint(608,405 + xScale); sing.addPoint(609,394 + xScale); sing.addPoint(617,376 + xScale); sing.addPoint(619,363 + xScale); sing.addPoint(632,334 + xScale); sing.addPoint(637,324 + xScale); sing.addPoint(635,314 + xScale); sing.addPoint(639,296 + xScale); sing.addPoint(627,285 + xScale); sing.addPoint(600,279 + xScale); sing.addPoint(582,278 + xScale); sing.addPoint(575,275 + xScale); sing.addPoint(546,256 + xScale); sing.addPoint(536,252 + xScale); sing.addPoint(533,350 + xScale); sing.addPoint(534,361 + xScale); sing.addPoint(532,367 + xScale); sing.addPoint(529,369 + xScale); sing.addPoint(524,363 + xScale); sing.addPoint(525,355 + xScale); sing.addPoint(531,254 + xScale); sing.addPoint(527,249 + xScale); sing.addPoint(527,242 + xScale); sing.addPoint(529,237 + xScale); sing.addPoint(532,237 + xScale); sing.addPoint(536,178 + xScale); sing.addPoint(534,129 + xScale); sing.addPoint(535,123 + xScale); sing.addPoint(541,120 + xScale); sing.addPoint(545,123 + xScale); sing.addPoint(547,131 + xScale); sing.addPoint(545,173 + xScale); sing.addPoint(538,233 + xScale); sing.addPoint(549,239 + xScale); sing.addPoint(558,241 + xScale); sing.addPoint(585,257 + xScale); sing.addPoint(599,257 + xScale); sing.addPoint(627,254 + xScale); sing.addPoint(647,251 + xScale); sing.addPoint(653,248 + xScale); sing.addPoint(652,235 + xScale); sing.addPoint(648,226 + xScale); sing.addPoint(652,218 + xScale); sing.addPoint(661,212 + xScale); g2.setColor(Color.black); g2.fill(sing); g2.draw(sing); //guitar Polygon guitar = new Polygon(); guitar.addPoint(148,28); guitar.addPoint(158,32); guitar.addPoint(164,38); guitar.addPoint(168,46); guitar.addPoint(169,52); guitar.addPoint(167,60); guitar.addPoint(164,65); guitar.addPoint(165,70); guitar.addPoint(161,76); guitar.addPoint(158,92); guitar.addPoint(162,97); guitar.addPoint(161,102); guitar.addPoint(158,106); guitar.addPoint(155,108); guitar.addPoint(151,127); guitar.addPoint(152,133); guitar.addPoint(155,137); guitar.addPoint(151,146); guitar.addPoint(153,147); guitar.addPoint(160,142); guitar.addPoint(162,133); guitar.addPoint(162,123); guitar.addPoint(161,113); guitar.addPoint(162,110); guitar.addPoint(164,117); guitar.addPoint(169,131); guitar.addPoint(171,144); guitar.addPoint(170,159); guitar.addPoint(166,167); guitar.addPoint(166,171); guitar.addPoint(174,174); guitar.addPoint(183,184); guitar.addPoint(191,195); guitar.addPoint(196,198); guitar.addPoint(198,200); guitar.addPoint(199,210); guitar.addPoint(211,225); guitar.addPoint(212,233); guitar.addPoint(220,248); guitar.addPoint(233,260); guitar.addPoint(245,266); guitar.addPoint(248,268); guitar.addPoint(249,277); guitar.addPoint(205,275); guitar.addPoint(204,262); guitar.addPoint(187,238); guitar.addPoint(178,224); guitar.addPoint(177,216); guitar.addPoint(156,201); guitar.addPoint(146,197); guitar.addPoint(134,211); guitar.addPoint(128,229); guitar.addPoint(125,244);// guitar.addPoint(121,246); guitar.addPoint(107,248); guitar.addPoint(100,252); guitar.addPoint(97,258); guitar.addPoint(96,253); guitar.addPoint(89,258); guitar.addPoint(65,267); guitar.addPoint(63,274); guitar.addPoint(64,283); guitar.addPoint(41,282); guitar.addPoint(44,270); guitar.addPoint(47,264); guitar.addPoint(51,255); guitar.addPoint(73,238); guitar.addPoint(79,228); guitar.addPoint(97,222); guitar.addPoint(101,204); guitar.addPoint(102,181); guitar.addPoint(100,170); guitar.addPoint(95,161); guitar.addPoint(97,154); guitar.addPoint(91,152); guitar.addPoint(77,131); guitar.addPoint(65,123); guitar.addPoint(61,105); guitar.addPoint(64,94); guitar.addPoint(72,91); guitar.addPoint(78,82); guitar.addPoint(78,76); guitar.addPoint(70,73); guitar.addPoint(70,67); guitar.addPoint(93,51); guitar.addPoint(101,48); guitar.addPoint(111,52); guitar.addPoint(118,59); guitar.addPoint(119,70); guitar.addPoint(117,78); guitar.addPoint(113,79); guitar.addPoint(112,86); guitar.addPoint(111,88); guitar.addPoint(109,89); guitar.addPoint(109,92); guitar.addPoint(122,99);// guitar.addPoint(124,99); guitar.addPoint(133,96); guitar.addPoint(145,93); //guitar.addPoint(138,124); guitar.addPoint(150,69); guitar.addPoint(150,62); guitar.addPoint(155,58); guitar.addPoint(154,53); guitar.addPoint(149,50); guitar.addPoint(154,46); guitar.addPoint(153,38); guitar.addPoint(147,28); g2.setColor(Color.black); g2.fill(guitar); g2.draw(guitar); Polygon guitar2 = new Polygon (); guitar2.addPoint(141,108); guitar2.addPoint(139,126); guitar2.addPoint(135,122); guitar2.addPoint(128,122); guitar2.addPoint(129,116); guitar2.addPoint(143,108); g2.setColor(Color.white); g2.fill(guitar2); g2.draw(guitar2); //bass guitar Polygon bassgt = new Polygon (); bassgt.addPoint(871,21); bassgt.addPoint(879,24); bassgt.addPoint(885,32); bassgt.addPoint(886,42); bassgt.addPoint(895,47); bassgt.addPoint(904,56); bassgt.addPoint(907,69); bassgt.addPoint(909,83); bassgt.addPoint(910,91); bassgt.addPoint(941,81); bassgt.addPoint(946,75); bassgt.addPoint(945,67); bassgt.addPoint(950,67); bassgt.addPoint(955,75); bassgt.addPoint(960,68); bassgt.addPoint(963,74); bassgt.addPoint(967,72); bassgt.addPoint(971,66); bassgt.addPoint(973,70); bassgt.addPoint(981,67); bassgt.addPoint(984,71); bassgt.addPoint(982,76); bassgt.addPoint(987,80); bassgt.addPoint(986,82); bassgt.addPoint(980,83); bassgt.addPoint(979,90); bassgt.addPoint(974,85); bassgt.addPoint(970,86); bassgt.addPoint(973,91); bassgt.addPoint(965,86); bassgt.addPoint(960,90); bassgt.addPoint(961,100); bassgt.addPoint(955,92); bassgt.addPoint(944,91); bassgt.addPoint(907,103); bassgt.addPoint(906,109); bassgt.addPoint(893,114); bassgt.addPoint(895,123); bassgt.addPoint(900,131); bassgt.addPoint(904,134); bassgt.addPoint(908,145); bassgt.addPoint(911,159); bassgt.addPoint(918,171); bassgt.addPoint(919,190); bassgt.addPoint(923,198); bassgt.addPoint(919,201); bassgt.addPoint(919,210); bassgt.addPoint(927,220); bassgt.addPoint(942,226); bassgt.addPoint(944,234); bassgt.addPoint(909,230); bassgt.addPoint(905,214); bassgt.addPoint(899,204); bassgt.addPoint(893,203); bassgt.addPoint(889,171); bassgt.addPoint(877,151); bassgt.addPoint(861,152); bassgt.addPoint(852,169); bassgt.addPoint(849,203); bassgt.addPoint(841,210); bassgt.addPoint(840,228); bassgt.addPoint(828,233); bassgt.addPoint(806,235); bassgt.addPoint(805,228); bassgt.addPoint(822,219); bassgt.addPoint(824,204); bassgt.addPoint(817,201); bassgt.addPoint(822,196); bassgt.addPoint(822,184); bassgt.addPoint(828,162); bassgt.addPoint(829,152); bassgt.addPoint(820,149); bassgt.addPoint(811,144); bassgt.addPoint(806,134); bassgt.addPoint(805,117); bassgt.addPoint(820,107); bassgt.addPoint(819,89); bassgt.addPoint(811,83); bassgt.addPoint(811,77); bassgt.addPoint(824,66); bassgt.addPoint(825,61); bassgt.addPoint(842,53); bassgt.addPoint(852,43); bassgt.addPoint(853,29); bassgt.addPoint(870,20); g2.setColor(Color.black); g2.fill(bassgt); g2.draw(bassgt); Polygon bassgt2 = new Polygon(); bassgt2.addPoint(845,78); bassgt2.addPoint(845,98); bassgt2.addPoint(843,98); bassgt2.addPoint(842,105); bassgt2.addPoint(839,109); bassgt2.addPoint(834,103); bassgt2.addPoint(832,85); bassgt2.addPoint(845,78); g2.setColor(Color.white); g2.fill(bassgt2); g2.draw(bassgt2); Polygon drums = new Polygon (); drums.addPoint(713,104); drums.addPoint(706,121); drums.addPoint(721,377); drums.addPoint(248,380); drums.addPoint(253,228); drums.addPoint(250,206); drums.addPoint(237,178); drums.addPoint(206,166); drums.addPoint(201,154); drums.addPoint(198,152); drums.addPoint(208,148); drums.addPoint(236,150); drums.addPoint(247,130); drums.addPoint(227,119); drums.addPoint(219,105); drums.addPoint(222,96); drums.addPoint(233,88); drums.addPoint(251,84); drums.addPoint(272,83); drums.addPoint(300,91); drums.addPoint(285,72); drums.addPoint(294,57); drums.addPoint(319,46); drums.addPoint(372,45); drums.addPoint(406,50); drums.addPoint(428,65); drums.addPoint(433,74); drums.addPoint(450,58); drums.addPoint(478,48); drums.addPoint(514,48); drums.addPoint(544,51); drums.addPoint(566,52); drums.addPoint(577,67); drums.addPoint(575,79); drums.addPoint(561,95); drums.addPoint(545,98); drums.addPoint(525,105); drums.addPoint(524,147); drums.addPoint(524,183); drums.addPoint(645,175); drums.addPoint(662,143); drums.addPoint(617,152); drums.addPoint(608,148); drums.addPoint(614,139); drums.addPoint(633,128); drums.addPoint(661,116); drums.addPoint(659,107); drums.addPoint(625,114); drums.addPoint(592,113); drums.addPoint(571,111); drums.addPoint(565,102); drums.addPoint(576,86); drums.addPoint(616,70); drums.addPoint(647,66); drums.addPoint(679,67); drums.addPoint(695,72); drums.addPoint(699,90); drums.addPoint(678,100); drums.addPoint(667,103); drums.addPoint(672,113); drums.addPoint(689,105); drums.addPoint(709,106); g2.setColor(Color.black); g2.fill(drums); g2.draw(drums); } } The second class: import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Rectangle; import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D; import java.awt.geom.Line2D; import javax.swing.JComponent; import java.awt.GradientPaint; /* component that draws the concert background */ public class Concertbackground extends JComponent { public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); // Recover Graphics2D Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; //Background Top g2.setColor(Color.BLUE); Rectangle backgroundTop = new Rectangle (0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight() / 4); g2.fill(backgroundTop); // Background bottom g2.setColor(Color.GREEN); Rectangle backgroundBottom = new Rectangle (0, getHeight() / 2, getWidth(), getHeight() / 2); g2.fill(backgroundBottom); // Speaker base g2.setColor(Color.BLACK); Rectangle base = new Rectangle (0, 0, 50, 100); g2.fill(base); // Speakers circles gray top g2.setColor(Color.DARK_GRAY); Ellipse2D.Double speakerTop = new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 10, 30, 30); g2.fill(speakerTop); //speakers circles black top g2.setColor(Color.BLACK); Ellipse2D.Double speakerTop1 = new Ellipse2D.Double(15, 15, 20, 20); g2.fill(speakerTop1); // Speakers circles gray bottom g2.setColor(Color.DARK_GRAY); Ellipse2D.Double speakerBottom = new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 50, 30, 30); g2.fill(speakerBottom); //speakers circles black bottom g2.setColor(Color.BLACK); Ellipse2D.Double speakerBottom1 = new Ellipse2D.Double(15, 55, 20, 20); g2.fill(speakerBottom1); } } My main question is how do I change my Jframe so it can use as many classes as I want, It cant be the size of my classes because they were used with the same 1000, 800 Jframe to make the classes. I also need to be able to add more than just these two classes to my Jframe.

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  • Trigger event on click except for checkbox + label

    - by Jamaica Bob
    I have a table row, which triggers an event when clicked. There are (not displayed) checkbox + its styled label inside the row. What i want is to prevent (i guess with :not or .not() but cant figure it out) the execution if checkbox/label is clicked. HTML: <center> <table> <tr class='pend'> <td><input type="checkbox" id="bb"/> <label for="bb">X</label></td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>some text</td> </tr> </table> </center> CSS: center { margin-top:20px; } input[type=checkbox] + label { width:10px; height:10px; background-color:red; } input[type=checkbox] { display:none; } table tr { height:40px; background-color:gray; } table td { padding:5px; } JS: $('.pend').on('click',function(){ $(this).append('text'); return false; }) JSFIDDLE: http://jsfiddle.net/ySuGB/2/

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