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• Can't connect using Jail SFTP account

  - by Fazal

  I've been following this tutorial "Limiting Access with SFTP Jails on Debian and Ubuntu" and whilst I've had no errors setting it up, I've had issues on Ubuntu 10.04LTS logging in as a user on a virtualhost. I've changed my SSH port to 22022, and enter all the credentials when attempting to login. I ran these commands to add a user to the virtualhost: # useradd -d /srv/www/[domain] [username] # passwd [username] # usermod -G filetransfer [username] # chown [username]:[username] /srv/www/[domain]/public_html I should add that this is the only time I've setup the user they have no other /home directories or such. The directory that does exist is at /srv/www/example.com/public_html When I try using a desktop package such as cyberduck to login to the site, I keep getting a "Login failed with this username or password". I am completely lost as what to do next... The reason why I'm trying this method is because I want my clients to use SFTP and not FTP to upload files to their websites. Any help or direction is appreciated.

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• XP Suddenly asking for password

  - by ProfKaos

  Is there any sane explanation for a client's Acer Aspire 1 netbook, running XP Home SP 2, suddenly starting to ask for a login password at boot? He has a strict policy of not using passwords, and I removed his login password weeks ago. The story is that suddenly this morning, for the first time, it is asking for a login password.

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• XP Suddenly asking for password

  - by ProfKaos

  Is there any sane explanation for a client's Acer Aspire 1 netbook, running XP Home SP 2, suddenly starting to ask for a login password at boot? He has a strict policy of not using passwords, and I removed his login password weeks ago. The story is that suddenly this morning, for the first time, it is asking for a login password.

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• WEIRD netstat behavior on Windows XP re: www.partypoker.com

  - by tbone

  I really don't know if this is the right place to ask this, but I would really appreciate if someone that is more savvy on Windows XP (Professional) could help me out. For background, I am a 10+ years programmer, so I'm not a total idiot, but I am far from an expert on TCP/IP, etc, and this has me totally confused. When I do a netstat (on Windows XP) I seem to always get a huge amount of www.partypoker.com connections and I can't figure out where they are coming from. A netstat -o shows me that some are coming from PID xxx, which is firefox, but if I kill it, the connections still remain. Some are coming from PID 0, which makes no sense to me. SECOND PROBLEM: One would think you could edit the C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file to block this, but it seems like my machine is ignoring the hosts file! (I have tried with the DNS client service both enabled and disabled, same result). So I just rebooted, killed all my normal programs, and I can't seem to reproduce the problem. If I was a paranoid person, I would think there was some sort of an intelligent trojan running. I am running Windows XP Pro, Kaspersky Antivirus, ccCleaner, and am fully up to date on Windows Update. What gives???? So, I guess my questions are: 1. Is anyone else seeing these wird connections to partypoker.com? 2. Why isn't my hosts filter working? 3. Is there some utility I can run to find out whats happening? I've tried autoruns.exe from sysinternals but don't see anything interesting. Am I the only one with this problem? If there are any additional things you need me to run, let me know.

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• Blacklisting: IP's or domains?

  - by johnnietheblack

  I am implementing a blacklisting system on my website that monitors contact forms for suspicious usage (both spam content and excessive frequency). When I find somebody / robot that meets my criteria for blacklisting, I want to send them to my DB as a blacklisted entity. My question is, should I blacklist them as an IP or as a domain? As far as I can see, blacklisting an IP is going to be far more effective, because I allow people to enter their email address in the form, and they can easily just change their domain on a regular basis. However, the downside is that if I blacklist an IP, I could potentially be blacklisting a large group of people who share an IP, when only one person is bad (ie - college campuses, coffee shops, etc). Is there a solution I'm missing?

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• Securing DRAC/ILO

  - by The Diamond Z

  This might be a dumb question but DRAC/ILO both have HTTP server interfaces. If I were trolling IP's port 80 on and I came across such a page I'd know it to be a high value target in the sense that if I can crack it, I can take control of the server to some extent (potentially installing another OS). Other than changing the port, what are the best practices for securing DRAC/ILO on public Internet facing machines?

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• Which IP addresses are using remote dekstop?

  - by Andomar

  We have a server that has an open remote desktop port to the internet (no VPN.) Several people are allowed to log on to the machine remotely. The server runs Windows 7 (desktop OS.) I can find logon times using Event Viewer, but it does not show the IP address of the remote machine. At any rate, manually browsing Event Viewer for all login events would be time consuming, to say the least.) Is a way to find out which IP addresses are using Remote Dekstop ?

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• How do I securely execute commands as root via a web control panel?

  - by Chris J

  I would like to build a very simple PHP based web based control panel to add and remove users to/from and add and remove sections to/from nginx config files on my linode vps (Ubuntu 8.04 LTS). What is the most secure way of executing commands as root based on input from a web based control panel? I am loathe to run PHP as root (even if behind an IP tables firewall) for the obvious reasons. Suggestions welcome. It must be possible as several commercial (and bloated, for my needs) control panels offer similar functionality. Thanks

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• What permissions / ownership to set on PHP Sessions Folder when running FastCGI / PHP-FPM (as user "nobody")?

  - by Professor Frink

  I'm having trouble getting a number of scripts running because PHP-FPM can't write to my session folder: "2009/10/01 23:54:07 [error] 17830#0: *24 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP Warning: Unknown: open(/var/lib/php/session/sess_cskfq4godj4ka2a637i5lq41o5, O_RDWR) failed: Permission denied (13) in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: Unknown: Failed to write session data (files). Please verify that the current setting of session.save_path is correct (/var/lib/php/session) in Unknown on line 0" while reading upstream" Obviously this is a permission issue; my session folder's owner/group is the webserver's user, NGINX. PHP-FPM runs as nobody though, and hence adding it to the nginx group is not so trivial. A temporary solution is to set the permissions of /var/lib/php/session to 777 - I have a feeling that's not the "best practice" though. What is the best practice when you need to assign a daemon write access to a folder, but it is running as nobody ?

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• How to tell credentials used for a Network Mapping?

  - by shanecourtrille

  I have a networking mapping that doesn't appear to work. When I connect to the mapping I get access denied when I try to create a folder. When I created the mapping I told it to login as another account. I have verified that account has the proper rights on the server side of things. How can I verify that my local machine is connecting with the right credentials?

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• What is the difference between /sbin/nologin and /bin/false?

  - by Michael Hampton

  I have often heard it recommended that a user account should be disabled by setting its shell to /bin/false. But, on my existing Linux systems, I see that a great number of existing accounts (all of them service accounts) have a shell of /sbin/nologin instead. I see from the man page that /sbin/nologin prints a message to the user saying the account is disabled, and then exits. Presumably /bin/false would not print anything. I also see that /sbin/nologin is listed in /etc/shells, while /bin/false is not. The man page says that FTP will disable access for users with a shell not listed in /etc/shells and implies that other programs may do the same. Does that mean that somebody could FTP in with an account that has /sbin/nologin as its shell? What is the difference here? Which one of these should I use to disable a user account, and in what circumstances? What other effects does a listing in /etc/shells have?

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• Using the right folder for the right job. Article link, please?

  - by Droogans

  There are specific folders designed for specific tasks. /var/www holds your web sites, /usr/bin contains files to run your applications...yet I still find myself putting nearly all of my work in ~. Is it possible to overuse my home directory? Will it come back to haunt me? Anyone have a good link to an article of best practices for organizing your files so that they are placed in their "correct" place? Is there even such a thing in Linux? I am referring specifically to user-generated content. I do not compile applications from source, I use apt-get for those tasks. This article has a great introduction to what I'm looking for. Table 3-2, "Subdirectories of the root directory" is the sort of thing I'm looking for, but with more details/examples.

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• Product recommendation for SIEM/log management

  - by ericl42

  I am looking at purchasing a SIEM/log management solution. I've read quite a few reviews but was wondering if you all had any personal preference. 2 products that I am especially interested in is Splunk and NitroSecurity's ESM and ELM product. Thanks.

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• allowing index access only with .htaccess

  - by YsoL8

  Hello I have this in my .htaccess file, in the site root: Options -Indexes <directory ../.*> Deny from all </directory> <Files .htaccess> order allow,deny deny from all </Files> <Files index.php> Order allow,deny allow from all </Files> What I'm trying to achieve is to block folder and file access to anything that isn't called index.php, regardless of which directory is accessed. I have the folder part working perfectly and the deny from all rule is working as well - but my attempt to allow access to index.php is failing. Basically could someone tell me how to get it working?

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• allowing index access only with .htaccess

  - by YsoL8

  Hello I have this in my .htaccess file, in the site root: Options -Indexes <directory ../.*> Deny from all </directory> <Files .htaccess> order allow,deny deny from all </Files> <Files index.php> Order allow,deny allow from all </Files> What I'm trying to achieve is to block folder and file access to anything that isn't called index.php, regardless of which directory is accessed. I have the folder part working perfectly and the deny from all rule is working as well - but my attempt to allow access to index.php is failing. Basically could someone tell me how to get it working?

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• tacacs integration with database

  - by chingupt

  We are setting up TACACS+ in our network which is a mix of Cisco AP's and other brands. However we have a centralized managemnet system which allows our customers to centrally configure services. Hence we would like to setup a tacacs+ server integrated with some database. Can this be done? I found the following package at www.shrubbery.net/tac_plus/ but it does not have the necessary plugins for database. Please let me know how to go about this. TIA Sachin

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• Blocking IP Range in .htaccess Problem

  - by Pedro

  Hi, I'm trying to block the access of one of my webapps using IP Filter in the .htaccess, the problem is that after updating the file with: order allow,deny deny from 58.14.0.0/15 allow from all I get the folowing error: Internal Server Error The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request. Please contact the server administrator, [email protected] and inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error. More information about this error may be available in the server error log. What is wrong? Regards, Pedro

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• Exchange 2003 default permissions for ANONYMOUS LOGON and Everyone

  - by Make it useful Keep it simple

  ANONYMOUS LOGON and Everyone have the following top level permissions in our Exchange 2003 Server: Read Execute Read permissions List contents Read properties List objects Create public folder Create named properties in the information store Are these the "default" settings? In particular, are the "Read" and "Execute" permissions a problem? We have a simple small business setup, Outlook clients connect to the server on the local network, OWA is used from outside the network for browser and smartphone access. Thanks

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• Sensitive data in init scripts

  - by Steve Jorgensen

  I'm adapting some examples I've found by Googling to build an init script to run a VirtualBox OSE virtual machine as a daemon. I would like to specify a password for VNC access to the VM, and this must be given as an argument to the VBoxHeadless command. Conventionally, init scripts are readable by standard users, and this seems like a useful convention, but I also don't want the VNC password for this VM to be stored in easily accessible plain text. What's the most appropriate/conventional way to handle this kind of situation? Maybe put a root-readable supporting data file someplace, and have the init script load the value from there?

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• What is the EGG environment variable?

  - by Randall

  A user on our (openSuSE) linux systems attempted to run sudo, and triggered an alert. He has the environment variable EGG set - EGG=UH211åH1ÒH»ÿ/bin/shHÁSH211çH1ÀPWH211æ°;^O^Ej^A_j<X^O^EÉÃÿ This looks unusual to say the least. Is EGG a legitimate environment variable? (I've found some references to PYTHON_EGG_CACHE - could be related? But that environment variable isn't set for this user). If it's legit, then I imagine this group has the best chance of recognizing it. Or, given the embedded /bin/sh in the string above, does anyone recognize this as an exploit fingerprint? It wouldn't be the first time we had a cracked account (sigh).

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• Ubuntu Server attack? how to solve?

  - by saky

  Hello, Something (Someone) is sending out UDP packets sent from our whole ip range. This seems to be multicast DNS. Our server host provided this (Our IP Address is masked with XX): Jun 3 11:02:13 webserver kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:fb:00:30:48:94:46:c4:08:00 SRC=193.23X.21X.XX DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=73 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=5353 DPT=5353 LEN=53 Jun 3 11:02:23 webserver kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:fb:00:30:48:94:46:c4:08:00 SRC=193.23X.21X.XX DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=73 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=5353 DPT=5353 LEN=53 Jun 3 11:02:32 webserver kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:fb:00:30:48:94:46:c4:08:00 SRC=193.23X.21X.XX DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=73 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=5353 DPT=5353 LEN=53 Jun 3 11:02:35 webserver kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:fb:00:30:48:94:46:c4:08:00 SRC=193.23X.21X.XX DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=73 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=5353 DPT=5353 LEN=53 I checked my /var/log/auth.log file and found out that someone from China (Using ip-locator) was trying to get in to the server using ssh. ... Jun 3 11:32:00 server2 sshd[28511]: Failed password for root from 202.100.108.25 port 39047 ssh2 Jun 3 11:32:08 server2 sshd[28514]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=202.100.108.25 user=root Jun 3 11:32:09 server2 sshd[28514]: Failed password for root from 202.100.108.25 port 39756 ssh2 Jun 3 11:32:16 server2 sshd[28516]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=202.100.108.25 user=root ... I have blocked that IP address using this command: sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 202.100.108.25 -j DROP However, I have no clue about the UDP multicasting, what is doing this? who is doing it? and how I can stop it? Anyone know?

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• Real benefits of tcp TIME-WAIT and implications in production environment

  - by user64204

  SOME THEORY I've been doing some reading on tcp TIME-WAIT (here and there) and what I read is that it's a value set to 2 x MSL (maximum segment life) which keeps a connection in the "connection table" for a while to guarantee that, "before your allowed to create a connection with the same tuple, all the packets belonging to previous incarnations of that tuple will be dead". Since segments received (apart from SYN under specific circumstances) while a connection is either in TIME-WAIT or no longer existing would be discarded, why not close the connection right away? Q1: Is it because there is less processing involved in dealing with segments from old connections and less processing to create a new connection on the same tuple when in TIME-WAIT (i.e. are there performance benefits)? If the above explanation doesn't stand, the only reason I see the TIME-WAIT being useful would be if a client sends a SYN for a connection before it sends remaining segments for an old connection on the same tuple in which case the receiver would re-open the connection but then get bad segments and and would have to terminate it. Q2: Is this analysis correct? Q3: Are there other benefits to using TIME-WAIT? SOME PRACTICE I've been looking at the munin graphs on a production server that I administrate. Here is one: As you can see there are more connections in TIME-WAIT than ESTABLISHED, around twice as many most of the time, on some occasions four times as many. Q4: Does this have an impact on performance? Q5: If so, is it wise/recommended to reduce the TIME-WAIT value (and what to)? Q6: Is this ratio of TIME-WAIT / ESTABLISHED connections normal? Could this be related to malicious connection attempts?

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• Disable the user of Internet explorer through policies when called from HTML help

  - by Stephane

  Hello, I have a locked down environment where users are prohibited from doing, well, basically anything but run the specific programs we specify. We just switched a program from using the venerable "WinHELP" help format to HTML help (CHM) but that seem to have an unwanted and rather dangerous side effect: when a user click on a hyperlink inside the HTML help, a new internet explorer window is opened and the user is free to browse and do terrible things to my server (well, not that much, but still...) I have checked the session in this case and the IE window is actually hosted within the help engine: there is no iexplore.exe process running in the user session (and it cannot: it's explicitly prohibited). We have disable all help right now until we find a solution. I'm working with the help team to have all external URLs removed from the help file but that is going to be a long and error-prone task. Meanwhile, I've checked all the group policies option but I have to say that I was unable to find anything that would prevent a standalone IE window hosted in a random process from running. I don't want to disable WinHTTP or the IE rendering engine or anything of the sort. But I need to prevent all users members of a specific AD user group from ever having an IE window displayed to them. The servers are running Windows 2003 and Citrix metaframe 4.5. Thanks in advance

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• PCRE limits exceeded, but triggering rules are SQL related

  - by Wolfe

  [Mon Oct 15 17:12:13 2012] [error] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] ModSecurity: Rule 1d4ad30 [id "300014"][file "/usr/local/apache/conf/modsec2.user.conf"][line "349"] - Execution error - PCRE limits exceeded (-8): (null). [hostname "domain.com"] [uri "/admin.php"] [unique_id "UHx8LEUQwYEAAGutKkUAAAEQ"] And similar are spamming my error log for apache. It's only the admin side.. and only these two lines in the config: line 349: #Generic SQL sigs SecRule ARGS "(or.+1[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]1|(or 1=1|'.+)--')" "id:300014,rev:1,severity:2,msg:'Generic SQL injection protection'" And line 356: SecRule ARGS "(insert[[:space:]]+into.+values|select.*from.+[a-z|A-Z|0-9]|select.+from|bulk[[:space:]]+insert|union.+select|convert.+\(.*from)" Is there a way to fix this problem? Can someone explain what is going on or if these rules are even valid to cause this error? I know it's supposedly a recursion protection.. but these protect against SQL injection so I'm confused.

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• How to securely delete files stored on a SSD?

  - by Chris Neuroth

  From a (very long, but definitely worth to read) article on SSDs: When you delete a file in your OS, there is no reaction from either a hard drive or SSD. It isn’t until you overwrite the sector (on a hard drive) or page (on a SSD) that you actually lose the data. File recovery programs use this property to their advantage and that’s how they help you recover deleted files. The key distinction between HDDs and SSDs however is what happens when you overwrite a file. While a HDD can simply write the new data to the same sector, a SSD will allocate a new (or previously used) page for the overwritten data. The page that contains the now invalid data will simply be marked as invalid and at some point it’ll get erased. So, what would be the best way to securely erase files stored on a SSD? Overwriting with random data as we are used to from hard disks (e.g. using the "shred" utility) won't work unless you overwrite the WHOLE drive...

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