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• What are the "least legally restrictive" well-connected countries to host a website?

  - by monster

  NB: I am aware that this question is subjective, as it can't be defined precisely, but the answers should still be "objective": Country name, and what makes it legally safer. EDIT: A) I am located in Germany. B) I am NOT looking for a place to offer pirated Software/Media; no binary on my site, except "profile icon". Hello! I want to start publishing "social" websites / apps, and I found that the biggest initial problem is this: Any and all services I have to depend on, including Domain Registrar, DNS provider, Server/Cloud Provider, CDN Provider, ... even my Insurance Agent, basically say that they can "throw me out" if my website contains "unacceptable" content. It's always phrased in such a way that basically anything can fall under "unacceptable" content. This is very frustrating because you just can't fully control what users post on your "social website", and you so you basically have to expect when you go to bed that your site is going to be gone when you wake up. I've heard a lot of horror stories about this. Since the "Terms Of Service" of all those providers are foremost to protect themselves from legal actions, and those legal actions depend on the country where they are located, it seems like the first step is to find which country is the "safest" to locate a site. "Safest" being defined as, where I am least likely to get in legal trouble with the local authorities, if some user posts something unacceptable in some way. The main restriction is that it should also be a "well-connected" country, because there is no point in being "safe", if my users can't get to my sites, or the latency is unacceptable. I am targeting the English speaking people in any country as my future users.

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• Generic/Text Printer on Windows 7 not prompting for file name

  - by Trevor Tippins

  Hope someone can shed some light on this. I am downloading reports from an AIX-based system by directing them to a TT printer which the terminal emulator (MultiView 2000) intercepts and directs to the default printer on the local system. This local printer is configured as a vanilla Generic/Text printer attached to a FILE port. When I print from AIX, the output is spooled down and the local printer prompts for a file name into which to save the file...but not under Windows 7. This has worked fine for many years, on both Win2K and WinXP. However, on Windows 7 the output gets spooled as a file into spool\PRINTERS (and looks as expected) but the print job then hangs with a status of "Error - Printing" and never prompts for a file name. I have to cancel the job. The Generic/Text printer works as expected with other applications. I have tried setting the printer to print directly rather than spooling but this only serves to hang the terminal session too. I've also tried to run the emulator in Windows 2000 Compatibility Mode and as Administrator in case it was something like that but with no luck. As you might expect, it does work fine in XP Mode (as long as I print to a printer defined therein and not the host's printer) but operationally this isn't going to be an option. Obviously this emulation software is a decade old (at least) and I could just cross/upgrade all the users (at a cost) but, before I do so, has anyone seen this sort of behaviour before and found some sort of fix? Remote OS: AIX 5 Client OS: Windows 7 Pro (32-bit) Printer: Generic/Text on a FILE port TE Software: MultiView 2000 (32-bit) Thanks in advance.

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• Upstart Script on Centos 6

  - by MarcusMaximus

  I'm trying to create an upstart script to run a python script on startup. In theory it looks simple enough but I just can't seem to get it to work. I'm using a skeleton script I found here and altered. description "Used to start python script as a service" author "Me <[email protected]>" # Stanzas # # Stanzas control when and how a process is started and stopped # See a list of stanzas here: http://upstart.ubuntu.com/wiki/Stanzas#respawn # When to start the service start on runlevel [2345] # When to stop the service stop on runlevel [016] # Automatically restart process if crashed respawn # Essentially lets upstart know the process will detach itself to the background expect fork # Start the process script exec su nonrootuser -c "python /usr/local/scripts/script.py" end script The test script I want it to run is currently a simple python script that runs without any issue when run from a terminal. #!/usr/bin/python2 import os, sys, time if __name__ == "__main__": for i in range (10000): message = "shotgunUpstartTest " , i , time.asctime() , " - Username: " , os.getenv("USERNAME") #print message time.sleep(60) out = open("/var/log/scripts/scriptlogfile", "a") print >> out, message out.close() The location/var/log/scripts has permissions 777 The file /usr/local/scripts/script.py has permissions 775 The upstart script /etc/init.d/pythonupstart.conf has permissions 755

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• ssh-add insists on passphrase

  - by Sam Walton

  I have a new ssh key problem. I have successfully used them for years with Heroku, Git and other servers so I can login without having to issue a passphrase. A few weeks ago, I was unable to push a git repository on my machine to my Heroku and it responded with Permission denied (publickey). Hmm. Everything else but this Heroku function still works. So I ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "newHeroku" with no passphrase (hit return so it would be empty). So I enter: sudo chmod 600 ~/.ssh/newHeroku* Then: ssh-add ~/.ssh/newHeroku.pub Returning return for the passphrase asked it exits without error. The next step is to: ssh-add /Users/sam/.ssh/newHeroku.pub To verify that it's "live" I enter: ssh-add -l To which the output is still The agent has no identities. Okay, to eliminate variables, I repeat the key generation process but entering in a passphrase for a new key. I ssh-add the new key and get the "Enter passphrase" as expected. Now this is why I'm posting here and not on a Heroku blog because ssh-add fails because the passphrase I used keeps getting rejected. It appears, even though I have no problem with my keys elsewhere, that something is wrong with passphrase because even though I get no errors, I get errors when on the one that expects a passphrase. One question, should I expect the Passphrase request for ssh-add when I have not generated a passphrase? It's been suggested that this is a clue and I offer it. Or maybe I have a poor understanding of what ssh-add is doing. Wouldn't be the first time I asked a stupid Q. Also, I'm on Lion and have updated no system updates in the few weeks of this period except application updates.

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• Ubuntu network card problem.

  - by Steve Greene

  Hello folks, Several days ago, I installed Ubuntu 9.10 onto my Acer Aspire 3100 laptop, running it alongside Widows Vista as a dual-bootable system. Creation of the Ubuntu boot CD went fine, and the installation onto my hard drive was flawless. Ubuntu opens and behaves as I would expect, except for one little problem. For reasons unknown to me, Ubuntu is not communicating with my laptop's networking hardware, and I have no internet connectivity, it works fine under Windows Vista. Up in the right side of the Ubuntu desktop, I click on the network icon and it does not show a wireless connection at all. At home, where I use a dialup modem, I also see no means of getting online. My modem is an HDAUDIO Soft Data Fax Modem with Smart CP,manufactured by CXT (Conexant Systems Inc., file version 4.0.13.0, and the driver version is 7.58.0.0). I am an advanced computer user, but I am not a programmer. I seek a solution that is user-friendly for normal people, something equivalent to a driver that I can easily install or activate that will allow Ubuntu to see my hardware and get me connected. Can anyone help me over this hopefully-little glitch My processor is a Mobile AMD Sempron Processor 3500+ at 1.80 GHz, 1.50 GB RAM, and a 32-bit Operating System.

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• Virtualize SBS 2003 - P2V vs migrating to new VM

  - by jlehtinen

  I need to virtualize a SBS 2003 server in my work environment. I need some tips on what people think is the best way to proceed. Background: The SBS 2003 server is the primary DC for the domain and also hosts FTP, RRAS(VPN), DNS, and file shares. Exchange is NOT used, neither is SQL server. DHCP is done via a firewall appliance. I have added a Server 2003 VM to the domain and promoted it to the DC role. AD/DNS is replicating here correctly. This was mainly done to provide fault-tolerance to the domain, I was not intending to make this VM the primary DC. I've already asked about buying upgraded licensing for Server 2008/2012 but was refused due to cost. Options: I see (at least) two routes I could take to complete this. From what I've read option 2 is the "preferred" method, but there's a few steps where I'm not clear on what to expect. Option 1.) P2V the primary DC Power off primary DC Power off secondary DC (to prevent USN rollback in case P2V has issue) P2V (cold clone) primary DC Boot new PDC VM Allow new hardware to detect Remove old NIC hardware from device manager Assign old IPs to new virtual NICs Reboot PDC VM, confirm connectivity and no major issues Power on secondary DC, confirm replication Option 2.) Create new VM, transfer roles, remove original DC from domain Create new VM, install SBS 2003 Do I need the original SBS install discs for this? MS migration doc mentions this. Add VM to domain, promote to DC role Does this start 7 day timer where two SBS servers can be in same domain? Set up RRAS on new VM Set up IIS/FTP on new VM Move file shares to new VM Transfer FSMO roles to new VM DC dcpromo original primary DC out of domain

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• Why isn't my phone charging with some micro usb cables?

  - by Jacxel

  I ordered 3 microUSB cables over ebay. My phone was at about 50% battery and I wanted to use it as a hot spot for some browsing on my laptop, so I plugged it in, a charging icon appeared on the phone, my laptop showed it as a connected usb device and so I went about my business. About 30 minutes later I checked the phone and to my dismay saw 45% battery. But ahh, I thought, I have been putting the poor little thing under too much pressure, acting as a WiFi hotspot must drain the battery quicker than it can charge via usb, perhaps even using my laptops usb port wouldn't output enough power. Unscathed I continued on and when I was going to bed I plugged the usb cable into a mains adapter and switched everything battery consuming off and content, went to sleep. The next morning I was awoken by my phones alarm which got cut off unexpectedly. I attempted to unlock my phone which showed no more signs of life. Why isn't my phone charging with these new USB cables? For clarity: They transfer data with no problems The phone appears to be charging, showing all the signs and lights it normally would, the cable that came with the phone works as you would expect, so its not a fault with the phone, I think they slow the discharging of the phone, but I could be wrong. Are these just bad quality cables? Is there a way to fix this issue?

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• Enterprise class storage best practices

  - by churnd

  One thing that has always perplexed me is storage best practices. Filesystems brag about how they can be petabytes or exabytes in size. Yet, I do not know many sysadmins who are willing to let a single volume grow over several terrabytes. I do know the primary reason behind this is how long it would take to rebuild the array should a drive fail. The more drives in a single LUN, the longer this takes and the greater your risk of losing another drive while the rebuild is taking place. Then there's usage reasons. Admins will carve out a LUN based on how much space they think needs to be allocated to the project. It seems more practical to me for the LUN to be one large array and to use quotas. I understand this wouldn't satisfy every requirement (iSCSI), but I see a lot of NAS systems (NFS) managed this way. I also understand that the underlying volumes can be grown/shrunk as needed quite easily, but wouldn't it be less "risky" to use quotas rather than manipulating volumes and bringing possible data loss into the equation? There may be some other reasons I'm missing, so please enlighten me. Can we not expect filesystems to ever be so large? Are we waiting for the hardware to get faster to cut down on rebuild times?

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• Advice on Computer Specs for overall development/general use machine

  - by Ender

  At the moment I am restricted to a laptop with 512MB of RAM, a 120GB HDD and a 1.5GHz Intel processor for all my development and general browsing needs, and as you can probably tell using it for anything modern is a painful experience. As a result I've decided to buy myself a new desktop computer, one that will stand the test of time and one that can be upgraded easily. Rather than build the machine myself I've decided to go through Dell as I've had good experiences with them when purchasing computers for my family. I've had my eye on this as it's got a good amount of RAM, has a decent-rated processor and isn't priced too badly. http://www1.euro.dell.com/uk/en/home/Desktops/inspiron-580/pd.aspx?refid=inspiron-580&s=dhs&cs=ukepp1&~oid=uk~en~20211~inspiron-580_d005827~~ Intel® Core™ i5 Processor 750 (2.66GHz, 8MB) Genuine Windows® 7 Home Premium 64bit - English Display Not Included ATI Radeon™ HD 5450 1GB DDR3 graphics 6144MB Dual Channel DDR3 [3x2048] Memory 1TB (7200rpm) SATA Hard Drive DVD +/- RW Drive (read/write CD & DVD) with DVD Burn software 1 year of coverage included with your PC McAfee® Security Centre - 15 Month Protection - English After the pain of using a slow laptop for all this time the main thing I want is speed. I may look to play a couple of basic games on it, nothing too powerful. Obviously I'll be doing some development on it too so it'll have to be able to handle the latest IDE's and Database tools like SQL Server pretty quickly. Finally, should I ever need to improve it I'd like to be able to add more RAM and change some of the parts. I wouldn't have thought this would be a problem but a few people I've spoken to have said that the amount of RAM the motherboard can handle isn't that great. Is this true? How long can I expect to be using this computer before it's too slow? Thanks in advance for the help.

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• Any dangers in using DDR memory with a higher frequency than the FSB?

  - by raw_noob

  I'm looking to upgrade memory in an older motherboard. The processor is an AMD Sempron 2500+ with a maximum speed of 333/166MHz. The motherboard is an MSI MS-7061 (KV3M-V), which accepts up to 2Gb of DDR memory maximum PC2700 in 2 slots and has a maximum FSB of 333MHz. The board does not have dual-channel support. Existing memory includes a stick of 512Mb PC3200, which seems to be running OK (presumably at PC2700) but is rated 200MHz, which is below the FSB speed. The other stick is 256Mb PC2100/133MHz, again below the FSB speed. (All figures from CPU-Z.) I have a chance to acquire a single used stick of PC3200/400MHz memory very cheaply. Crucial's system scanner seems to suggest that this will be OK with my system, but other sites have suggested that running memory with a higher frequency than the FSB can cause instability. Is this true? Would I be better waiting until I can buy the correct PC2700/333MHz stick? I'm assuming that the mixed memory I have at present is running as 768Mb at 133MHz. Is this a reasonable assumption? If so, would you expect the performance differences between 768Mb/133MHz and 1Gb/333MHz to be very noticeable? If I install the new 1Gb/400 or 333MHz stick in slot 1, am I right in thinking that adding back the existing 512Mb/200MHz stick in slot 2 would pull the whole 1.5Gb system memory speed down to 200MHz? If so, which would be better - 1.5Gb/200MHz, or the single 1Gb stick at the full 333MHz that the FSB permits? Is more headroom more important than extra speed? Any help - or even opinions - gratefully received. I can't find reliable information, and I can't afford to make expensive mistakes.

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• Looking for ballpark pricing on an affordable a Cisco VOIP solution for our office

  - by guytech

  We have about 8 incoming PSTN lines that are currently on an old and antiquated Nortel Meridian ICS system. This system has been giving us some grief. We're looking for a new VOIP solution. I've been looking at a Cisco solution and it does seem pricey but I'm sure effective. Unfortunately, we probably can't afford a Cisco Unified Communications 520 which seems to be the ideal solution. We have about 15 people who need an extension and voicemail. We really don't have any need for a fancy system just an auto attendant of some sort when people call us. It looks like we'll have to get an older router and an addon card for what we're looking for to get best value pricing. However, I don't know a a lot about Cisco voice products so I'm a bit lost as to what to get. The only thing I am sure on is the pricing on VOIP phones which we expect to be about ~$100-200. However, I'm not sure what pieces of VOIP infrastructure to get. Any advice? I am familiar with Asterisk but right now I'm looking on pricing concerning a Cisco solution.

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• MongoDB on 128mb 32-bit VPS (plus Tornado and Redis)

  - by apito

  i am curious about how mongodb will perform in a limited vps. specifically, i'll deploy this configuration on 32-bit ubuntu 9.04 server with 128Mb memory (UPDATE: now i'm considering 360mb too). nginx and redis three instances of tornado apps (one is for mobile site; limited app, not my primary audience); has around 8 Collections. social webapp for my community. mongodb all beside mongodb seems to have small footprint. memory-mapping-wise, i dont know how mongodb will behave. i know it's a little bit a stretch to use this kind of config on a tiny vps, but that's what i can afford for now. i expect to have.. hmm.. maybe ~50 15rps. i did my homework doing a lot of frontend optimizations and yslow says grade A 91 (ruleset V2) :-) anyone willing to share experiences? eg. how big the data set size when mongo hit the ceiling, performance when mongo do a lot of disk IO, etc. thanks. UPDATE: this is my pet project. i'll get back to you when i have next spare time to do same httperf in a vbox with exact spec. suggestion how to do stress testing welcomed. i'm new to this kind of stuff.

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• Apache Bench reports different result with same page

  - by Aspis

  I'm running into a little problem base-lining an Apache2/fcgi/php-fpm server I am setting up. 1) If I run: ab -n 15000 http://mysite.com/index.php. Apache Bench returns Time per request: 41ms but document length: 0 bytes and html transferred: 0 bytes. The Transfer rate: 7.9Kb/s. 2) If I run: ab -n 15000 http://mysite.com/ Apache Bench returns Time per request: 83ms along with the accurate document length and html transferred total. The APC cache status reports identical hit counts from both test. Also Apache Bench reports no errors in either case. Overall, no errors on any test sites and all logs are clean, etc. DocumentRoot is set to index.php so I would expect both of these test runs to produced a similar result. My 2 question(s) are: 1) why the discrepancy? 2) which is the correct result? I've seen plenty of results like test 1 posted (with out question) but frankly from my own experience and those of others, accurate testing is hard to come by. Even with out goofy issues like this.

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• Browsing \\computer\share fails, but net use \\computer\share works?

  - by JMD

  I've had mixed results with using Windows Explorer to browse remote file shares. The setup: I'm at work on Windows XP SP3 Files are at home on Windows XP SP3 Two separate VPNs are available to access my PC at home corporate OpenVPN (10.1.2.3) a Hamachi/LogMeIn connection (5.1.2.3) With respect to my problem, it doesn't matter which IP I use. They both perform exactly the same way: I expect that if I open Windows Explorer and type in \\10.1.2.3\Shared I should be interrupted with a challenge for credentials, and then be able to interact with the files in the share. However, I just get that annoying dialog, "Windows cannot find '\10.1.2.3\Shared' Check the spelling and try again, or try searching for the item ..." However, I can take that exact same computername/sharename and with net use I can: net use * \\10.1.2.3\Shared * /user:homecomputername\username with this result: Type the password for \\5.69.83.158\C$: Drive Z: is now connected to \\5.69.83.158\C$. The command completed successfully. I can then access the files in Z: in Windows Explorer which was my original intent. Even after Z: is already mapped and the credentials are cached I still cannot bring up \\10.1.2.3\Shared in Windows Explorer. Why does the latter work, but not the former? Edit: Other services work fine, such as RDP. (I have a problem in which I can't SSH home, but I'll consider that separately.)

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• ssh many users to one home

  - by filippo

  Hiya, I want to allow some trusted users to scp files into my server (to an specific user), but I do not want to give these users a home, neither ssh login. I'm having problems to understand the correct settings of users/groups I have to create to allow this to happen. I will put an example; Having: MyUser@MyServer MyUser belongs to the group MyGroup MyUser's home will be lets say, /home/MyUser SFTPGuy1@OtherBox1 SFTPGuy2@OtherBox2 They give me their id_dsa.pub's and I add it to my authorized_keys I reckon then, I'd do in my server something like useradd -d /home/MyUser -s /bin/false SFTPGuy1 (and the same for the other..) And for the last, useradd -G MyGroup SFTPGuy1 (then again, for the other guy) I'd expect then, the SFTPGuys to be able to sftp -o IdentityFile=id_dsa MyServer and to be taken to MyUser's home... Well, this is not the case... SFTP just keeps asking me for a password. Could someone point out what am I missing? Thanks a mil, f. [EDIT: Messa in StackOverflow asked me if authorized_keys file was readable to the other users (members of MyGroup). Its an interesting point, this was my answer: Well, it wasn't (it was 700), but then I changed the permissions of the .ssh dir and the auth file to 750 though still no effect. Guess it's worth mentioning that my home dir ( /home/MyUser) is also readable for the group; most dirs being 750 and the specific folder where they'd drop files is 770. Nevertheless, about the auth file, I reckon the authentication would be performed by the local user on MyServer, isn't it? if so, I don't understand the need for other users to read it... well.. just wondering. ]

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• ssh Prompts For Password After Account Unlocked - Despite ssh key?

  - by user1011471

  Here's what happened: I set up ssh key so that user could ssh from A to B without a password. I got user's password wrong in some other context too many times, and user's account got locked out. (IT uses Active Directory here) IT unlocked the account. Concurrent to the unlocking, a script was running, calling something like ssh user@B some-health-check-command every 5 seconds or so -- which seemed to work fine before I caused user to get locked out in step 2. IT reports user reliably gets locked out a short time after each unlock attempt. I thought the ssh key would allow ssh user@B some-command as long as the account is not locked. But it behaves as if, when user gets unlocked, B suddenly asks for a password and since my command repeatedly runs without supplying a password, the account gets locked out after 5 attempts. Account cannot be accessed at this time. Please contact your system administrator. My questions are... Is that what's happening? Or: what's happening? More importantly: How can I reconfigure things such that my script doesn't cause problems? Can I accomplish what I want without having to install Expect? (I don't know if I have permission to do so) Other notes: Not using ssh-agent currently. The ssh command is running on our Jenkins master, a linux box. A and B are Mac OS X. user is managed in Active Directory and normally can sign into all three machines. Other than these things and the ssh key I set up, everything else has the default configuration as far as I know.

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• Lots of strange IP addresses in my Windows Firewall logs. Concern?

  - by gmoore

  Was trying to debug a Samba sharing issue with Mac OS X so I turned on logging for my Windows Firewall. I didn't expect a lot of conections but the thing filled up quickly. Here's a sample: 2009-12-21 08:49:32 OPEN-INBOUND TCP 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.3 56335 139 - - - - - - - - - 2009-12-21 08:49:33 OPEN-INBOUND TCP 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.3 56337 139 - - - - - - - - - 2009-12-21 08:50:02 OPEN UDP 192.168.0.3 68.87.73.242 1389 53 - - - - - - - - - 2009-12-21 08:50:02 CLOSE TCP 192.168.0.3 212.96.161.238 1391 80 - - - - - - - - - 2009-12-21 08:50:02 OPEN UDP 192.168.0.3 68.87.71.226 60290 53 - - - - - - - - - 2009-12-21 08:50:02 OPEN TCP 192.168.0.3 212.96.161.238 1391 80 - - - - - - - - - 2009-12-21 08:50:02 OPEN TCP 192.168.0.3 212.96.161.238 1393 80 - - - - - - - - - 2009-12-21 08:50:04 CLOSE TCP 192.168.0.3 212.96.161.238 1393 80 - - - - - - - - - 2009-12-21 08:50:41 CLOSE UDP 192.168.0.3 192.168.0.4 137 50300 - - - - - - - - - I can pick out the local IP addresses (192.168.0.3 is my Windows XP machine, 192.169.0.4 is Mac OS X) as I debug the Samba issue. But some of the others resolve to Comcast (my ISP) and others resolve to weird hosts like van-dns.com and navisite.net. It doesn't look like any connection sent/received any bytes. I used the reference here: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc758040%28WS.10%29.aspx. Is it a cause for concern?

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• a brand new FS based on a database without using fuse

  - by Devrim

  hi all, To serve millions of files out of a single directory, being able to connect to a drive from hundreds of endpoints, and for some other reasons (to avoid gluster/nfs/all fs based networking solutions), I want to evaluate the possibility of making a filesystem that's based on a mongodb (or any other). Basically, it works like fusefs, every single file is kept in mongo gridfs. In theory, I do, mount mongodbfs /mountPoint mongodb://localhost then when i say touch /mountPoint/test.txt this file is inserted into mongodb. This FS will also store uid/gid and perms with the file, we can throw hundreds of servers to it, and no useradd will be necessary. I'm not thinking to include all the features of FS, just the ones we need. My question is, how do I start my quest in finding resources, books, links, people, developers who'd help me implement this? at least a proof of concept. Is it feasible? What should I expect as a timeline for such undertaking? Please only think about gazillion small files and folders.

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• Windows Server 2008 - RAID 5 Fails on Reboot

  - by Adam

  Hey, I've got an install of Windows Server 2008 Enterprise. It's running software RAID-5 with five disks. The disks were originally formatted under Windows Server 2003, but came up fine once I installed Windows Server 2008. The issue I'm having is that every time I reboot the server, the RAID comes up with a "Failed Redundancy" - the data stays available. I have 4 disks on a PCI SATA controller, and one of the disks connected to the motherboard's on-board SATA ports. (The other on-board port has the system disk connected.) I was having Disk #4 fail consistently, so I tried swapping the cables on the controller end. I swapped the on-board RAID disk with one on the PCI controller. Same issue now, expect with disk #1. Once the system's up, I can reactivate the RAID, it will resync for a while, then go to "Healthy", and will stay that way for an indefinite amount of time - until I reboot. As soon as I reboot, the disk drops again. I've ruled out disk + cable with the recabling. I don't believe it would be the controller as it seems to work fine most of the time - only failing on reboot, and the other port on the same controller connects the system disk - which is clearly working. I did look in the event log, but didn't see anything particularly relevant (although I didn't know what I was looking for - just looked for anything with a "Warning" or "Error" symbol that looked disk-related :)). I'm not particularly familiar with RAID on Windows, does anyone have any idea why this might be doing this? Any idea how to fix it? Any suggestions appreciated! -- Adam

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• Create a PDF that defaults to flip on short edge when printed double-sided

  - by user568458

  We're creating a 2-page PDF brochure with a target audience who will print it on their regular office or home printers. If it is printed on a double-sided printer (common in offices), it'll come out correctly if set manually by the user to "Flip on short edge", but will come out with the second page upside down if default settings are used (flip on long edge). Our target audience aren't very tech-literate, and we've found that even within our own office network there is variation in the location of the 'Flip on short edge' setting - so it isn't realistic to give everyone who downloads the PDF instructions on how to change this setting or to expect everyone to find out how to change the setting off their own backs. So, when creating a PDF (ideally using Adobe InDesign or Acrobat, but if other software or hacking is needed that's fine...), is there a way to configure the PDF file itself so that when printed double-sided with default settings, it flips on the short edge? If possible, it'll be useful supplementary info to know how reliable any such methods are across different PDF readers (e.g. Adobe Reader, Acrobat, Mac Preview, inbuilt browser readers (e.g. chrome), FoxIt, etc). If questions about content creation like this aren't a great fit here, feel free to migrate it to the graphic design stackexchange site - this question seems to fall half way between the two sites

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• RPC Server Unavailable on Hyper-V cluster when moving resources after the host adapter has failed

  - by Doug Luxem

  On a Windows 2008 R2 SP1 cluster running Hyper-V, a lost network connectivity on the primary host interface. The interface was rapidly flapping up and down, and this was later determined to be caused by a faulty switch port. As this was a clustered server, the host interface was not fault tolerant (seeing as how the whole server was fault tolerant), so connectivity to the host was going up and down. The Hyper-V guests were completely unaffected by the network outage as they used a dedicated trunk on the server separate from the host interface. Additionally, dedicated interfaces for the cluster and live migration networks were fine. In order to diagnose the server, I tried to move all resources (Hyper-V Guests) to other nodes through Failover Cluster Manager. These moves failed with an error RPC Server Unavailable. The only way to move resources was by shutting down the guests, stopping the cluster service on the Node A, allowing other nodes to take ownership of the resources, and restarting the guests. A few other notes: All nodes have Client for MS Networks and File & Printer Sharing enabled on the Cluster and LM networks. Node A was accessible over cluster and LM networks from other nodes (these are private, cluster-only networks); pingable, CIFs, etc. Accessing \\NODEA is done over the Host adapters, as you would expect in this case and is the reason for the RPC Server Unavailable error with that adapter being down. My questions here are - Is there a way to still use Live Migration in a failure scenario such as this to prevent shutting down the Hyper-V guests? How can the network be reconfigured in the future so that the cluster service attempts to use the cluster and/or live migration networks to issue the RPC requests?

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• Router vs switch in a LAN [closed]

  - by servernewbie

  If I have a LAN and and connect it with a switch, I understand it uses a CAM table to route packets in layer 2 (by saving mac to port relations). So far all good. However, when using a router for a LAN (ONLY for a LAN, not to connect it to "the outside" WAN/internet/etc) I get a bit confused as to how it internally processes packets. I would first split this into two router scenarios: Router with buit-in switch In this scenario, I would expect that it will act exactly as a switch with a CAM table internally. This would probably benefit a bit in speed (guessing here?) compared to the next option. Router without built-in switch Here is where I get confused. If hostA wants to send a packet to hostB, it will ARP to find hostB's MAC address and send it there. Now, if we had a switch (above scenario) this would be easy. But how does it work now in a router WITHOUT a switch? If I would guess, hostA would send an Ethernet frame with hostB's MAC address to the line. The router would fetch the packet (even though the router has another MAC address, it would still fetch this packet even if it only contains hostB's MAC address). It would strip the Ethernet frame header and check the IP, and then check its own internal ARP table again for the MAC address. Now, this would seem like a waste of resources compared to a router with a built-in switch. But maybe it does not work like that at all. Does it also contain a CAM table? If that would be true, what would then the difference between these two routers really be?

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• Play framework 2.2 using Upstart 1.5 (Ubuntu 12.04)

  - by Leon Radley

  I'm trying to get Play 2.2 working with upstart. I've been running Play 2.x with upstart since it's release and it's never been a problem. But since the release of 2.2 and the change to http://www.scala-sbt.org/sbt-native-packager/ play doesn't want to start any more. Here's the config I'm using description "PlayFramework 2.2" version "2.2" env APP=myapp env USER=myuser env GROUP=www-data env HOME=/home/myuser/app env PORT=9000 env ADDRESS=127.0.0.1 env CONFIG=production.conf env JAVAOPTS="-J-Xms128M -J-Xmx512m -J-server" start on runlevel [2345] stop on runlevel [06] respawn respawn limit 10 5 expect daemon # If you want the upstart script to build play with sbt pre-start script chdir $HOME sbt clean compile stage -mem $SBTMEM end script exec start-stop-daemon --pidfile ${HOME}/RUNNING_PID --chuid $USER:$GROUP --exec ${HOME}/bin/${APP} --background --start -- -Dconfig.resource=$CONFIG -Dhttp.address=$ADDRESS -Dhttp.port=$PORT $JAVAOPTS I've changed the JAVAOPTS to include the -J- and I've also changed the path to use the new startscript located in the /bin/ dir. I've read that upstart 1.4 has setuid and setguid. I've tried removing the start-stop-daemon but I haven't got that working either. Any suggestions would be appreciated.

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• How to verify TRIM/discard on encrypted swap?

  - by svarni

  I am using an encrypted swap partition via ecryptfs-setup-swap on my Ubuntu 13.04 computer using a SSD. I have manually set up trim for my ext4 root partition (simply by adding the "discard" option in /etc/fstab). I also manually ran fstrim on the root partition prior to booting and using dstat I saw that for a few seconds several GB/s of data have been written to the disk. That was presumably the effect of the trim command. These high writerates are reproducable by deleting huge files and have not occured before setting up trim, so I take them as evidence for working trim/discard. Manually enabling trim on my root partition has stopped the wearout of my precious new disk from 365 used reserved blocks (out of 6176 total) within three months down to 0 additional used reserved blocks within three additional months (data from SMART attributes). Because I want to minimize the wearout of my SSD I now would like to know whether my swap partition (which is encrypted using ecryptfs-setup-swap) also makes use of the trim/discard option. I tried sudo swapon -d -v /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 but did not receive particular information ("-v") about whether trim/discard ("-d") was applied. If unsupported, i would expect a message. Then I tried sudo dd if=/dev/sda6 count=1 BS=1M | xxd | less directly after booting and when no swapspace was used but I saw not only zeroes. I assume, when looking at freshly trimmed regions, the disk would send zeroes instead of reading random sectors (and according to some forums, (unencrypted) swap space is trimmed once upon boot). Long story short: Are there any ideas on how to test if trim is effectively used for my encrypted swap? And if not, any ideas on how to - at least manually, for once - trim the whole swap space? I wouldn't want to tinker with the partition itself, because I dont know if it needs to be reinitialized as (encrypted) swap - I dont want to be left with an unbootable system :)

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• How can the route between two private IPs go via public IPs?

  - by Gilles

  I'm trying to understand what this output from traceroute means. I changed the IP addresses for privacy but retained the public/private IP range distinction. traceroute.db -e -n 10.1.1.9 traceroute to (10.1.1.9), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 10.0.0.1 0.596 ms 0.588 ms 0.577 ms 2 10.0.0.2 1.032 ms 1.029 ms 1.084 ms 3 10.0.0.3 3.360 ms 3.355 ms 3.338 ms 4 23.0.0.4 3.974 ms 4.592 ms 4.584 ms 5 23.0.0.5 13.442 ms 13.445 ms 13.434 ms 6 45.0.0.6 13.195 ms 12.924 ms 12.913 ms 7 67.0.0.7 52.088 ms 51.683 ms 52.040 ms 8 10.1.1.8 46.878 ms 44.575 ms 44.815 ms 9 10.1.1.9 45.932 ms 45.603 ms 45.593 ms The first 10.0.* range is inside my organisation. The last 10.1.* range is another site of my organisation. The intermediate addresses belong to various ISPs. I expect that there is some kind of VPN between the two sites, but I don't know much about our network topology. What I don't understand is how the route can go from a private address through public addresses back into private addresses. Searching led me to Public IPs on MPLS Traceroute, which gives a possible explanation: MPLS. Is MPLS the only possible or most likely explanation? Otherwise what does this tell me about our network infrastructure? Bonus question for my edification: in this scenario, who is generating the ICMP TTL exceeded packets and if relevant mangling their source and destination addresses?

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