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  • gcc, strict-aliasing, and casting through a union

    - by Joseph Quinsey
    About a year ago the following paragraph was added to the GCC Manual, version 4.3.4, regarding -fstrict-aliasing: Similarly, access by taking the address, casting the resulting pointer and dereferencing the result has undefined behavior [emphasis added], even if the cast uses a union type, e.g.: union a_union { int i; double d; }; int f() { double d = 3.0; return ((union a_union *)&d)->i; } Does anyone have an example to illustrate this undefined behavior? Note this question is not about what the C99 standard says, or does not say. It is about the actual functioning of gcc, and other existing compilers, today. My simple, naive, attempt fails. For example: #include <stdio.h> union a_union { int i; double d; }; int f1(void) { union a_union t; t.d = 3333333.0; return t.i; // gcc manual: 'type-punning is allowed, provided ...' } int f2(void) { double d = 3333333.0; return ((union a_union *)&d)->i; // gcc manual: 'undefined behavior' } int main(void) { printf("%d\n", f1()); printf("%d\n", f2()); return 0; } works fine, giving on CYGWIN: -2147483648 -2147483648 Also note that taking addresses is obviously wrong (or right, if you are trying to illustrate undefined behavior). For example, just as we know this is wrong: extern void foo(int *, double *); union a_union t; t.d = 3.0; foo(&t.i, &t.d); // UD behavior so is this wrong: extern void foo(int *, double *); double d = 3.0; foo(&((union a_union *)&d)->i, &d); // UD behavior For background discussion about this, see for example: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1422.pdf http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2010-01/msg00013.html http://davmac.wordpress.com/2010/02/26/c99-revisited/ http://cellperformance.beyond3d.com/articles/2006/06/understanding-strict-aliasing.html http://stackoverflow.com/questions/98650/what-is-the-strict-aliasing-rule http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2771023/c99-strict-aliasing-rules-in-c-gcc/2771041#2771041 The first link, draft minutes of an ISO meeting seven months ago, notes in section 4.16: Is there anybody that thinks the rules are clear enough? No one is really able to interpret tham.

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  • Mock Object and Interface

    - by tunl
    I'm a newbie in Unit Test with Mock Object. I use EasyMock. I try to understand this example: import java.io.IOException; public interface ExchangeRate { double getRate(String inputCurrency, String outputCurrency) throws IOException; } import java.io.IOException; public class Currency { private String units; private long amount; private int cents; public Currency(double amount, String code) { this.units = code; setAmount(amount); } private void setAmount(double amount) { this.amount = new Double(amount).longValue(); this.cents = (int) ((amount * 100.0) % 100); } public Currency toEuros(ExchangeRate converter) { if ("EUR".equals(units)) return this; else { double input = amount + cents/100.0; double rate; try { rate = converter.getRate(units, "EUR"); double output = input * rate; return new Currency(output, "EUR"); } catch (IOException ex) { return null; } } } public boolean equals(Object o) { if (o instanceof Currency) { Currency other = (Currency) o; return this.units.equals(other.units) && this.amount == other.amount && this.cents == other.cents; } return false; } public String toString() { return amount + "." + Math.abs(cents) + " " + units; } } import junit.framework.TestCase; import org.easymock.EasyMock; import java.io.IOException; public class CurrencyTest extends TestCase { public void testToEuros() throws IOException { Currency testObject = new Currency(2.50, "USD"); Currency expected = new Currency(3.75, "EUR"); ExchangeRate mock = EasyMock.createMock(ExchangeRate.class); EasyMock.expect(mock.getRate("USD", "EUR")).andReturn(1.5); EasyMock.replay(mock); Currency actual = testObject.toEuros(mock); assertEquals(expected, actual); } } So, i wonder how to Currency use ExchangeRate in toEuros(..) method. rate = converter.getRate(units, "EUR"); The behavior of getRate(..) method is not specified because ExchangeRate is an interface.

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  • due at midnight - program compiles but has logic error(s)

    - by Leslie Laraia
    not sure why this program isn't working. it compiles, but doesn't provide the expected output. the input file is basically just this: Smith 80000 Jones 100000 Scott 75000 Washington 110000 Duffy 125000 Jacobs 67000 Here is the program: import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.util.Scanner; /** * * @author Leslie */ public class Election { /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException { // TODO code application logic here File inputFile = new File("C:\\Users\\Leslie\\Desktop\\votes.txt"); Scanner in = new Scanner(inputFile); int x = 0; String line = ""; Scanner lineScanner = new Scanner(line); line = in.nextLine(); while (in.hasNextLine()) { line = in.nextLine(); x++; } String[] senatorName = new String[x]; int[] votenumber = new int[x]; double[] votepercent = new double[x]; System.out.printf("%44s", "Election Results for State Senator"); System.out.println(); System.out.printf("%-22s", "Candidate"); //Prints the column headings to the screen System.out.printf("%22s", "Votes Received"); System.out.printf("%22s", "%of Total Votes"); int i; for(i=0; i<x; i++) { while(in.hasNextLine()) { line = in.nextLine(); String candidateName = lineScanner.next(); String candidate = candidateName.trim(); senatorName[i] = candidate; int votevalue = lineScanner.nextInt(); votenumber[i] = votevalue; } } votepercent = percentages(votenumber, x); for (i = 0; i < x; i++) { System.out.println(); System.out.printf("%-22s", senatorName[i]); System.out.printf("%22d", votenumber[i]); System.out.printf("%22.2f", votepercent[i]); System.out.println(); } } public static double [] percentages(int[] votenumber, int z) { double [] percentage = new double [z]; double total = 0; for (double element : votenumber) { total = total + element; } for(int i=0; i < votenumber.length; i++) { int y = votenumber[i]; percentage[i] = (y/total) * 100; } return percentage; } }

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  • Problem separating C++ code in header, inline functions and code.

    - by YuppieNetworking
    Hello all, I have the simplest code that I want to separate in three files: Header file: class and struct declarations. No implementations at all. Inline functions file: implementation of inline methods in header. Code file: normal C++ code for more complicated implementations. When I was about to implement an operator[] method, I couldn't manage to compile it. Here is a minimal example that shows the same problem: Header (myclass.h): #ifndef _MYCLASS_H_ #define _MYCLASS_H_ class MyClass { public: MyClass(const int n); virtual ~MyClass(); double& operator[](const int i); double operator[](const int i) const; void someBigMethod(); private: double* arr; }; #endif /* _MYCLASS_H_ */ Inline functions (myclass-inl.h): #include "myclass.h" inline double& MyClass::operator[](const int i) { return arr[i]; } inline double MyClass::operator[](const int i) const { return arr[i]; } Code (myclass.cpp): #include "myclass.h" #include "myclass-inl.h" #include <iostream> inline MyClass::MyClass(const int n) { arr = new double[n]; } inline MyClass::~MyClass() { delete[] arr; } void MyClass::someBigMethod() { std::cout << "Hello big method that is not inlined" << std::endl; } And finally, a main to test it all: #include "myclass.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { MyClass m(123); double x = m[1]; m[1] = 1234; cout << "m[1]=" << m[1] << endl; x = x + 1; return 0; } void nothing() { cout << "hello world" << endl; } When I compile it, it says: main.cpp:(.text+0x1b): undefined reference to 'MyClass::MyClass(int)' main.cpp:(.text+0x2f): undefined reference to 'MyClass::operator[](int)' main.cpp:(.text+0x49): undefined reference to 'MyClass::operator[](int)' main.cpp:(.text+0x65): undefined reference to 'MyClass::operator[](int)' However, when I move the main method to the MyClass.cpp file, it works. Could you guys help me spot the problem? Thank you.

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  • Java: Detecting image formate - resize (scale) and save as JPEG

    - by BoDiE2003
    This is the code I have, it actually works, not perfectly but it does, the problem is that the resized thumbnails are not pasting on the white Drawn rectangle, breaking the images aspect ratio, here is the code, could someone suggest me a fix for it, please? Thank you import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.RenderingHints; import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; public class ImageScalerImageIoImpl implements ImageScaler { private static final String OUTPUT_FORMAT_ID = "jpeg"; // Re-scaling image public byte[] scaleImage(byte[] originalImage, int targetWidth, int targetHeight) { try { InputStream imageStream = new BufferedInputStream( new ByteArrayInputStream(originalImage)); Image image = (Image) ImageIO.read(imageStream); int thumbWidth = targetWidth; int thumbHeight = targetHeight; // Make sure the aspect ratio is maintained, so the image is not skewed double thumbRatio = (double)thumbWidth / (double)thumbHeight; int imageWidth = image.getWidth(null); int imageHeight = image.getHeight(null); double imageRatio = (double)imageWidth / (double)imageHeight; if (thumbRatio < imageRatio) { thumbHeight = (int)(thumbWidth / imageRatio); } else { thumbWidth = (int)(thumbHeight * imageRatio); } // Draw the scaled image BufferedImage thumbImage = new BufferedImage(thumbWidth, thumbHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); System.out.println("Thumb width Buffered: " + thumbWidth + " || Thumb height Buffered: " + thumbHeight); Graphics2D graphics2D = thumbImage.createGraphics(); // Use of BILNEAR filtering to enable smooth scaling graphics2D.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR); // graphics2D.drawImage(image, 0, 0, thumbWidth, thumbHeight, null); // White Background graphics2D.setPaint(Color.WHITE); graphics2D.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, targetWidth, targetHeight)); graphics2D.fillRect(0, 0, targetWidth, targetHeight); System.out.println("Target width: " + targetWidth + " || Target height: " + targetHeight); // insert the resized thumbnail between X and Y of the image graphics2D.drawImage(image, 0, 0, thumbWidth, thumbHeight, null); System.out.println("Thumb width: " + thumbWidth + " || Thumb height: " + thumbHeight); // Write the scaled image to the outputstream ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(thumbImage, OUTPUT_FORMAT_ID, out); return out.toByteArray(); } catch (IOException ioe) { throw new ImageResizingException(ioe); } } }

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  • Multiset container appears to stop sorting

    - by Sarah
    I would appreciate help debugging some strange behavior by a multiset container. Occasionally, the container appears to stop sorting. This is an infrequent error, apparent in only some simulations after a long time, and I'm short on ideas. (I'm an amateur programmer--suggestions of all kinds are welcome.) My container is a std::multiset that holds Event structs: typedef std::multiset< Event, std::less< Event > > EventPQ; with the Event structs sorted by their double time members: struct Event { public: explicit Event(double t) : time(t), eventID(), hostID(), s() {} Event(double t, int eid, int hid, int stype) : time(t), eventID( eid ), hostID( hid ), s(stype) {} bool operator < ( const Event & rhs ) const { return ( time < rhs.time ); } double time; ... }; The program iterates through periods of adding events with unordered times to EventPQ currentEvents and then pulling off events in order. Rarely, after some events have been added (with perfectly 'legal' times), events start getting executed out of order. What could make the events ever not get ordered properly? (Or what could mess up the iterator?) I have checked that all the added event times are legitimate (i.e., all exceed the current simulation time), and I have also confirmed that the error does not occur because two events happen to get scheduled for the same time. I'd love suggestions on how to work through this. The code for executing and adding events is below for the curious: double t = 0.0; double nextTimeStep = t + EPID_DELTA_T; EventPQ::iterator eventIter = currentEvents.begin(); while ( t < EPID_SIM_LENGTH ) { // Add some events to currentEvents while ( ( *eventIter ).time < nextTimeStep ) { Event thisEvent = *eventIter; t = thisEvent.time; executeEvent( thisEvent ); eventCtr++; currentEvents.erase( eventIter ); eventIter = currentEvents.begin(); } t = nextTimeStep; nextTimeStep += EPID_DELTA_T; } void Simulation::addEvent( double et, int eid, int hid, int s ) { assert( currentEvents.find( Event(et) ) == currentEvents.end() ); Event thisEvent( et, eid, hid, s ); currentEvents.insert( thisEvent ); }

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  • WP7 Return the last 7 days of data from an xml web service

    - by cvandal
    Hello, I'm trying to return the last 7 days of data from an xml web service but with no luck. Could someone please explain me to how I would accomplish this? The XML is as follows: <node> <api> <usagelist> <usage day="2011-01-01"> <traffic name="total" unit="bytes">23579797</traffic> </usage> <usage day="2011-01-02"> <traffic name="total" unit="bytes">23579797</traffic> </usage> <usage day="2011-01-03"> <traffic name="total" unit="bytes">23579797</traffic> </usage> <usage day="2011-01-04"> <traffic name="total" unit="bytes">23579797</traffic> </usage> </usagelist> </api> </node> EDIT The data I want to retrieve will be used to populate a line graph. Specificly I require the day attribute value and the traffic element value for the past 7 days. At the moment, I have the code below in place, howevewr it's only showing the first day 7 times and traffic for the first day 7 times. XDocument xDocument = XDocument.Parse(e.Result); var values = from query in xDocument.Descendants("usagelist") select new History { day = query.Element("usage").Attribute("day").Value, traffic = query.Element("usage").Element("traffic").Value }; foreach (History history in values) { ObservableCollection<LineGraphItem> Data = new ObservableCollection<LineGraphItem>() { new LineGraphItem() { yyyymmdd = history.day, value = double.Parse(history.traffic) }, new LineGraphItem() { yyyymmdd = history.day, value = double.Parse(history.traffic) }, new LineGraphItem() { yyyymmdd = history.day, value = double.Parse(history.traffic) }, new LineGraphItem() { yyyymmdd = history.day, value = double.Parse(history.traffic) }, new LineGraphItem() { yyyymmdd = history.day, value = double.Parse(history.traffic) }, new LineGraphItem() { yyyymmdd = history.day, value = double.Parse(history.traffic) }, new LineGraphItem() { yyyymmdd = history.day, value = double.Parse(history.traffic) }, }; lineGraph1.DataSource = Data; }

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  • DataGridView validating old value insted of new value.

    - by Scott Chamberlain
    I have a DataGridView that is bound to a DataTable, it has a column that is a double and the values need to be between 0 and 1. Here is my code private void dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin_CellValidating(object sender, DataGridViewCellValidatingEventArgs e) { if (e.ColumnIndex == dtxtPercentageOfUsersAllowed.Index) { double percentage; if(dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].Value.GetType() == typeof(double)) percentage = (double)dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].Value; else if (!double.TryParse(dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].Value.ToString(), out percentage)) { e.Cancel = true; dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].ErrorText = "The value must be between 0 and 1"; return; } if (percentage < 0 || percentage > 1) { e.Cancel = true; dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].ErrorText = "The value must be between 0 and 1"; } } } However my issue when dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin_CellValidating fires dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].Value will contain the old value before the edit, not the new value. For example lets say the old value was .1 and I enter 3. The above code runs when you exit the cell and dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].Value will be .1 for that run, the code validates and writes 3 the data to the DataTable. I click on it a second time, try to leave, and this time it behaves like it should, it raises the error icon for the cell and prevents me from leaving. I try to enter the correct value (say .7) but the the Value will still be 3 and there is now no way out of the cell because it is locked due to the error and my validation code will never push the new value. Any recommendations would be greatly appreciated. EDIT -- New version of the code based off of Stuart's suggestion and mimicking the style the MSDN article uses. Still behaves the same. private void dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin_CellValidating(object sender, DataGridViewCellValidatingEventArgs e) { if (e.ColumnIndex == dtxtPercentageOfUsersAllowed.Index) { dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].ErrorText = String.Empty; double percentage; if (!double.TryParse(dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].FormattedValue.ToString(), out percentage) || percentage < 0 || percentage > 1) { e.Cancel = true; dgvImpRDP_InfinityRDPLogin[e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex].ErrorText = "The value must be between 0 and 1"; return; } } }

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  • Returning different data types C#

    - by user1810659
    i have create a class library (DLL) with many different methods. and the return different types of data(string string[] double double[]). Therefore i have created one class i called CustomDataType for all the methods containing different data types so each method in the Library can return object of the custom class and this way be able to return multiple data types I have done it like this: public class CustomDataType { public double Value; public string Timestamp; public string Description; public string Unit; // special for GetparamterInfo public string OpcItemUrl; public string Source; public double Gain; public double Offset; public string ParameterName; public int ParameterID; public double[] arrayOfValue; public string[] arrayOfTimestamp; // public string[] arrayOfParameterName; public string[] arrayOfUnit; public string[] arrayOfDescription; public int[] arrayOfParameterID; public string[] arrayOfItemUrl; public string[] arrayOfSource; public string[] arrayOfModBusRegister; public string[] arrayOfGain; public string[] arrayOfOffset; } The Library contains methods like these: public CustomDataType GetDeviceParameters(string deviceName) { ...................... code getDeviceParametersObj.arrayOfParameterName; return getDeviceParametersObj; } public CustomDataType GetMaxMin(string parameterName, string period, string maxMin) { .....................................code getMaxMingObj.Value = (double)reader["MaxMinValue"]; getMaxMingObj.Timestamp = reader["MeasurementDateTime"].ToString(); getMaxMingObj.Unit = reader["Unit"].ToString(); getMaxMingObj.Description = reader["Description"].ToString(); return getMaxMingObj; } public CustomDataType GetSelectedMaxMinData(string[] parameterName, string period, string mode) {................................code selectedMaxMinObj.arrayOfValue = MaxMinvalueList.ToArray(); selectedMaxMinObj.arrayOfTimestamp = MaxMintimeStampList.ToArray(); selectedMaxMinObj.arrayOfDescription = MaxMindescriptionList.ToArray(); selectedMaxMinObj.arrayOfUnit = MaxMinunitList.ToArray(); return selectedMaxMinObj; } As illustrated thi different methods returns different data types,and it works fine for me but when i import the DLL and want to use the methods Visual studio shwos all the data types in the CustomDataType class as suggestion for all the methods even though the return different data.This is illusrtated in the picture below. As we can see from the picture with the suggestion of all the different return data the user can get confused and choose wrong return data for some of the methods. So my question is how can i improve this. so Visual studio suggest just the belonging return data type for each method.

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  • Is throwing an exception a healthy way to exit?

    - by ramaseshan
    I have a setup that looks like this. class Checker { // member data Results m_results; // see below public: bool Check(); private: bool Check1(); bool Check2(); // .. so on }; Checker is a class that performs lengthy check computations for engineering analysis. Each type of check has a resultant double that the checker stores. (see below) bool Checker::Check() { // initilisations etc. Check1(); Check2(); // ... so on } A typical Check function would look like this: bool Checker::Check1() { double result; // lots of code m_results.SetCheck1Result(result); } And the results class looks something like this: class Results { double m_check1Result; double m_check2Result; // ... public: void SetCheck1Result(double d); double GetOverallResult() { return max(m_check1Result, m_check2Result, ...); } }; Note: all code is oversimplified. The Checker and Result classes were initially written to perform all checks and return an overall double result. There is now a new requirement where I only need to know if any of the results exceeds 1. If it does, subsequent checks need not be carried out(it's an optimisation). To achieve this, I could either: Modify every CheckN function to keep check for result and return. The parent Check function would keep checking m_results. OR In the Results::SetCheckNResults(), throw an exception if the value exceeds 1 and catch it at the end of Checker::Check(). The first is tedious, error prone and sub-optimal because every CheckN function further branches out into sub-checks etc. The second is non-intrusive and quick. One disadvantage is I can think of is that the Checker code may not necessarily be exception-safe(although there is no other exception being thrown anywhere else). Is there anything else that's obvious that I'm overlooking? What about the cost of throwing exceptions and stack unwinding? Is there a better 3rd option?

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  • Mixing C and C++, raw pointers and (boost) shared pointers

    - by oompahloompah
    I am working in C++ with some legacy C code. I have a data structure that (during initialisation), makes a copy of the structure pointed to a ptr passed to its initialisation pointer. Here is a simplification of what I am trying to do - hopefully, no important detail has been lost in the "simplification": /* C code */ typedef struct MyData { double * elems; unsigned int len; }; int NEW_mydata(MyData* data, unsigned int len) { // no error checking data->elems = (double *)calloc(len, sizeof(double)); return 0; } typedef struct Foo { MyData data data_; }; void InitFoo(Foo * foo, const MyData * the_data) { //alloc mem etc ... then assign the STRUCTURE foo.data_ = *thedata ; } C++ code ------------- typedef boost::shared_ptr<MyData> MyDataPtr; typedef std::map<std::string, MyDataPtr> Datamap; class FooWrapper { public: FooWrapper(const std::string& key) { MyDataPtr mdp = dmap[key]; InitFoo(&m_foo, const_cast<MyData*>((*mdp.get()))); } ~FooWrapper(); double get_element(unsigned int index ) const { return m_foo.elems[index]; } private: // non copyable, non-assignable FooWrapper(const FooWrapper&); FooWrapper& operator= (const FooWrapper&); Foo m_foo; }; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { MyData data1, data2; Datamap dmap; NEW_mydata(&data1, 10); data1->elems[0] = static_cast<double>(22/7); NEW_mydata(&data2, 42); data2->elems[0] = static_cast<double>(13/21); boost::shared_ptr d1(&data1), d2(&data2); dmap["data1"] = d1; dmap["data2"] = d2; FooWrapper fw("data1"); //expect 22/7, get something else (random number?) double ret fw.get_element(0); } Essentially, what I want to know is this: Is there any reason why the data retrieved from the map is different from the one stored in the map?

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  • How to use enumeration types in C++? Apply within example.

    - by Sagistic
    I do not understand how to use enumeration types. I understand what they are, but I don't quite get their purpose. I have made a program that inputs three sides of a triangle and outputs whether or not they are isosceles, scalene, or equilateral. I'm suppose to incorporate the enumeration type somewhere, but don't get where and how to use them. Any help would be appreciated. // h8p466x1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // include "stdafx.h" int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { return 0; } include using namespace std; enum triangleType {scalene, isosceles, equilateral, noTriangle}; void triangleShape(double x, double y, double z); int main() { double x, y, z; cout << "Please enter the three sides of a triangle:" << endl; cout << "Enter side 1: "; cin >> x; cout << endl; cout << "Enter side 2: "; cin >> y; cout << endl; cout << "Enter side 3: "; cin >> z; cout << endl; triangleShape(x, y, z); return 0; } void triangleShape(double x, double y, double z) { if (((x+y) z) && ((x+z) y) && ((y+z) x)) { cout << "You have a triangle!" << endl; if (x == y && y == z) cout << "Your triangle is an equilateral" << endl; else if (x == y || x == z || y == z) cout << "Your triangle is an isosceles" << endl; else cout << "Your triangle is a scalene" << endl; } else if ((x+y) <= z || ((x+z) <= y) || ((y+z) <= x)) cout << "You do not have a triangle." << endl; }

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  • How to use enumeration types in C++?

    - by Sagistic
    I do not understand how to use enumeration types. I understand what they are, but I don't quite get their purpose. I have made a program that inputs three sides of a triangle and outputs whether or not they are isosceles, scalene, or equilateral. I'm suppose to incorporate the enumeration type somewhere, but don't get where and how to use them. Any help would be appreciated. #include <iostream> using namespace std; enum triangleType {scalene, isosceles, equilateral, noTriangle}; void triangleShape(double x, double y, double z); int main() { double x, y, z; cout << "Please enter the three sides of a triangle:" << endl; cout << "Enter side 1: "; cin >> x; cout << endl; cout << "Enter side 2: "; cin >> y; cout << endl; cout << "Enter side 3: "; cin >> z; cout << endl; triangleShape(x, y, z); return 0; } void triangleShape(double x, double y, double z) { if (((x+y) > z) && ((x+z) > y) && ((y+z) > x)) { cout << "You have a triangle!" << endl; if (x == y && y == z) cout << "Your triangle is an equilateral" << endl; else if (x == y || x == z || y == z) cout << "Your triangle is an isosceles" << endl; else cout << "Your triangle is a scalene" << endl; } else if ((x+y) <= z || ((x+z) <= y) || ((y+z) <= x)) cout << "You do not have a triangle." << endl; }

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  • Announcing the New Windows Azure Web Sites Shared Scaling Tier

    - by Clint Edmonson
    Windows Azure Web Sites has added a new pricing tier that will solve the #1 blocker for the web development community. The shared tier now supports custom domain names mapped to shared-instance web sites. This post will outline the plan changes and elaborate on how the new pricing model makes Windows Azure Web Sites an even richer option for web development shops of all sizes. Free Shared Reserved # of Sites 10 100 100 Egress 165MB/Day 5GB/Month Included 5GB/Month Included Storage 1GB 1GB 10GB Throttling CPU/Memory/Egress CPU/Memory Unlimited Price Free $.02/hr per site, per instance $.08/hr per core Setting the Stage In June, we released the first public preview of Windows Azure Web Sites, which gave web developers a great platform on which to get web sites running using their web development framework of choice. PHP, Node.js, classic ASP, and ASP.NET developers can all utilize the Windows Azure platform to create and launch their web sites. Likewise, these developers have a series of data storage options using Windows Azure SQL Databases, MySQL, or Windows Azure Storage. The Windows Azure Web Sites free offer enabled startups to get their site up and running on Windows Azure with a minimal investment, and with multiple deployment and continuous integration features such as Git, Team Foundation Services, FTP, and Web Deploy.  The response to the Windows Azure Web Sites offer has been overwhelmingly positive. Since the addition of the service on June 12th, tens of thousands of web sites have been deployed to Windows Azure and the volume of adoption is increasing every week. Preview Feedback In spite of the growth and success of the product, the community has had questions about features lacking in the free preview offer. The main question web developers asked regarding Windows Azure Web Sites relates to the lack of the free offer’s support for domain name mapping. During the preview launch period, customer feedback made it obvious that the lack of domain name mapping support was an area of concern. We’re happy to announce that this #1 request has been delivered as a feature of the new shared plan. New Shared Tier Portal Features In the screen shot below, the “Scale” tab in the portal shows the new tiers – Free, Shared, and Reserved – and gives the user the ability to quickly move any of their free web sites into the shared tier. With a single mouse-click, the user can move their site into the shared tier. Once a site has been moved into the shared tier, a new Manage Domains button appears in the bottom action bar of the Windows Azure Portal giving site owners the ability to manage their domain names for a shared site. This button brings up the domain-management dialog, which can be used to enter in a specific domain name that will be mapped to the Windows Azure Web Site. Shared Tier Benefits Startups and large web agencies will both benefit from this plan change. Here are a few examples of scenarios which fit the new pricing model: Startups no longer have to select the reserved plan to map domain names to their sites. Instead, they can use the free option to develop their sites and choose on a site-by-site basis which sites they elect to move into the shared plan, paying only for the sites that are finished and ready to be domain-mapped Agencies who manage dozens of sites will realize a lower cost of ownership over the long term by moving their sites into reserved mode. Once multi-site companies reach a certain price point in the shared tier, it is much more cost-effective to move sites to a reserved tier.  Long-term, it’s easy to see how the new Windows Azure Web Sites shared pricing tier makes Windows Azure Web Sites it a great choice for both startups and agency customers, as it enables rapid growth and upgrades while keeping the cost to a minimum. Large agencies will be able to have all of their sites in their own instances, and startups will have the capability to scale up to multiple-shared instances for minimal cost and eventually move to reserved instances without worrying about the need to incur continually additional costs. Customers can feel confident they have the power of the Microsoft Windows Azure brand and our world-class support, at prices competitive in the market. Plus, in addition to realizing the cost savings, they’ll have the whole family of Windows Azure features available. Continuous Deployment from GitHub and CodePlex Along with this new announcement are two other exciting new features. I’m proud to announce that web developers can now publish their web sites directly from CodePlex or GitHub.com repositories. Once connections are established between these services and your web sites, Windows Azure will automatically be notified every time a check-in occurs. This will then trigger Windows Azure to pull the source and compile/deploy the new version of your app to your web site automatically. Walk-through videos on how to perform these functions are below: Publishing to an Azure Web Site from CodePlex Publishing to an Azure Web Site from GitHub.com These changes, as well as the enhancements to the reserved plan model, make Windows Azure Web Sites a truly competitive hosting option. It’s never been easier or cheaper for a web developer to get up and running. Check out the free Windows Azure web site offering and see for yourself. Stay tuned to my twitter feed for Windows Azure announcements, updates, and links: @clinted

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  • Build problems when adding `__str__` method to Boost Python C++ class

    - by Rickard
    I have started to play around with boost python a bit and ran into a problem. I tried to expose a C++ class to python which posed no problems. But I can't seem to manage to implement the __str__ functionality for the class without getting build errors I don't understand. I'm using boost 1_42 prebuild by boostpro. I build the library using cmake and the vs2010 compiler. I have a very simple setup. The header-file (tutorial.h) looks like the following: #include <iostream> namespace TestBoostPython{ class TestClass { private: double m_x; public: TestClass(double x); double Get_x() const; void Set_x(double x); }; std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &ostr, const TestClass &ts); }; and the corresponding cpp-file looks like: #include <boost/python.hpp> #include "tutorial.h" using namespace TestBoostPython; TestClass::TestClass(double x) { m_x = x; } double TestClass::Get_x() const { return m_x; } void TestClass::Set_x(double x) { m_x = x; } std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &ostr, TestClass &ts) { ostr << ts.Get_x() << "\n"; return ostr; } BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(testme) { using namespace boost::python; class_<TestClass>("TestClass", init<double>()) .add_property("x", &TestClass::Get_x, &TestClass::Set_x) .def(str(self)) ; } The CMakeLists.txt looks like the following: CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 2.8) project (testme) FIND_PACKAGE( Boost REQUIRED ) FIND_PACKAGE( Boost COMPONENTS python REQUIRED ) FIND_PACKAGE( PythonLibs REQUIRED ) set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS OFF) set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREAD ON) INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}) INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ( ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_PATH} ) add_library(testme SHARED tutorial.cpp) target_link_libraries(testme ${Boost_PYTHON_LIBRARY}) target_link_libraries(testme ${PYTHON_LIBRARY} The build error I get is the following: Compiling... tutorial.cpp C:\Program Files (x86)\boost\boost_1_42\boost/python/def_visitor.hpp(31) : error C2780: 'void boost::python::api::object_operators::visit(ClassT &,const char *,const boost::python::detail::def_helper &) const' : expects 3 arguments - 1 provided with [ U=boost::python::api::object ] C:\Program Files (x86)\boost\boost_1_42\boost/python/object_core.hpp(203) : see declaration of 'boost::python::api::object_operators::visit' with [ U=boost::python::api::object ] C:\Program Files (x86)\boost\boost_1_42\boost/python/def_visitor.hpp(67) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void boost::python::def_visitor_access::visit,classT>(const V &,classT &)' being compiled with [ DerivedVisitor=boost::python::api::object, classT=boost::python::class_, V=boost::python::def_visitor ] C:\Program Files (x86)\boost\boost_1_42\boost/python/class.hpp(225) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void boost::python::def_visitor::visit>(classT &) const' being compiled with [ DerivedVisitor=boost::python::api::object, W=TestBoostPython::TestClass, classT=boost::python::class_ ] .\tutorial.cpp(29) : see reference to function template instantiation 'boost::python::class_ &boost::python::class_::def(const boost::python::def_visitor &)' being compiled with [ W=TestBoostPython::TestClass, U=boost::python::api::object, DerivedVisitor=boost::python::api::object ] Does anyone have any idea on what went wrrong? If I remove the .def(str(self)) part from the wrapper code, everything compiles fine and the class is usable from python. I'd be very greatful for assistance. Thank you, Rickard

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  • MSChart on ASP.NET MVC 2

    - by Adron
    I upgraded my MVC Application using MSChart to MVC 2 and have ended up with broken image links for the charts. See my blog entry here: http://blog.adronbhall.com/post/2010/04/12/MVC-2-Breaks-my-Charts.aspx I get no build errors anymore, and have completed the following steps. First, I setup the following web.config lines. add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.DataVisualization.Charting" assembly="System.Web.DataVisualization, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" and add path="ChartImg.axd" verb="GET,HEAD" type="System.Web.UI.DataVisualization.Charting.ChartHttpHandler, System.Web.DataVisualization, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" validate="false" (NOTE: I took the chevrons off so the lines would appear) The next thing I did was create this page with the following code. Which should, according to it working in MVC<1, showed 4 charts. <%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %> <%@ Import Namespace="Scorecard.Views" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Scorecard </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="applicationTitle" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolderApplicationName" runat="server"> <%=Html.Encode(ViewData["ApplicationTitle"])%> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <h2> Web Analysis Scorecard </h2> <table> <tr> <td> <% ChartHelper chartHelper = new ChartHelper("Top Countries", (double[])ViewData["TopCountryCounts"], (string[])ViewData["TopCountries"], SeriesChartType.Pie); Chart chartPieTwo = chartHelper.ResultingChart; // Explode data point with label "USA" chartPieTwo.Series["DefaultSeries"].Points[3]["Exploded"] = "true"; chartHelper.RenderChart(this); %> </td> <td> <% chartHelper = new ChartHelper("View Cart Trend", (double[])ViewData["LineValues"], (string[])ViewData["TopEngines"], SeriesChartType.Line); chartHelper.RenderChart(this); %> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <% chartHelper = new ChartHelper("Yesterday's Page Views", (double[])ViewData["ColumnStats"], (string[])ViewData["ColumnStatHeaders"], SeriesChartType.Column); chartHelper.RenderChart(this); %> </td> <td> <% double[] theValues = (double[])ViewData["ColumnStats"]; double[] newValues = new double[] { 0, 0, 0, 0 }; int count = 0; int daysInMonth = DateTime.DaysInMonth(DateTime.Now.Year, DateTime.Now.Month); foreach (double d in theValues) { newValues[count] += d * daysInMonth; count++; } chartHelper = new ChartHelper("Current Month Page Views", newValues, (string[])ViewData["ColumnStatHeaders"], SeriesChartType.Bar); chartHelper.RenderChart(this); %> </td> </tr> </table> </form>

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  • Free Python decompiler that is not an online service?

    - by Readonly
    Is there a library or application that can decompile Python 2.4+ bytecode to obtain the source code? A search revealed: http://depython.net - an online service that you need to upload a pyc or pyo file to the dis module - allows you to disassemble, but not decompile bytecode decompile.py - works only for 1.5.2 or 2.0 decompyle - an decompiling online service that you need to pay for and upload your pyc to

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  • Debian 5.0 (lenny) apt sources fail?

    - by Tronic
    For the past few days, I couldn't update our apt-sources on Debian 5.0 (lenny). I get the following errors. W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/contrib/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/non-free/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/contrib/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/non-free/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] How do I fix this problem? Edit: My current sources are: # Debian Lenny deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ lenny main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ lenny main non-free contrib # Debian Lenny Non-US deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US lenny/non-US main contrib non-free deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US lenny/non-US main contrib non-free # Debian Lenny Security deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free

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  • Are there free realtime financial data feeds since the demise of OpenQuant?

    - by Mel Cooper
    Now that the oligopole of market data providers successfully killed OpenQuant, does any alternative to proprietary and expensive subscriptions for realtime market data subsist? Ideally I would like to be able to monitor tick by tick securities from the NYSE, NASDAQ and AMEX (about 6000 symbols). Most vendors put a limit of 500 symbols watchable at the same time, this is unacceptable to me, even if one can imagine a rotation among the 500 symbols ie. making windows of 5 sec. of effective observation out of each minute for every symbol. Currently I'm doing this by a Java thread pool calling Google Finance, but this is unsatisfactory for several reasons, one being that Google doesn't return the volume traded. Any hint much appreciated, Cheers

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  • Where can I download a free, text-rich dataset?

    - by blee
    I want to do a bit of lightweight testing and bench-marking for full-text search, so the dataset should have the qualities: 10,000 - 100,000 records. good dispersion of English words. In CSV or Excel format--i.e. I don't want to access it via API. Something like books or movies with title and description fields would be perfect. I browsed the UCI Machine Learning Repo, but it was too number-oriented. Thanks!

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  • What causes Windows Media Player on Windows 8 to not play the entire library?

    - by somequixotic
    Behavior 1: Verify that the WMP playlist is clear of all songs. Turn on the "Shuffle" and "Repeat" features. Double-click on a music track in the Library. Click the "Next" button (double right angle brackets). A random song from any track in the Library is randomly chosen and played. When observing the Playlist (clicking the "Play" tab), the entire contents of the Library appears in the Playlist. Behavior 2: Verify that the WMP playlist is clear of all songs. Turn on the "Shuffle" and "Repeat" features. Double-click on a music track in the Library. Click the "Next" button (double right angle brackets). The button visually depresses like it has registered the click, but nothing happens. Absolutely nothing. Moreover, the "Previous" button is grayed out. When observing the Playlist, only the one song that was double-clicked appears in the Playlist. What causes Behavior 2? I cannot correlate any specific action I've taken with Behavior 2, and Behavior 1 has been the case as long as I can remember, all the way back to Windows XP. Even earlier during my usage of Windows 8, I recall Behavior 1 working correctly. But suddenly, inexplicably, without changing any settings in WMP, Behavior 2 kicked in, and persists after reboots. I've tried sfc /scannow in an administrator prompt. All system files are in order. I've downloaded all Windows Updates and driver updates. I've attempted to alter WMP options and playback settings to no avail. So... what is causing Behavior 2? Is this an intended, valid behavior, or is something malfunctioning? How would I know what that "something" is? How would I go about fixing it without just reinstalling Windows 8 fresh?

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  • How do I free SQLServerCE's COM instance from the current running process?

    - by David Thornley
    It's been a while since I touched COM so be nice ;) This is under WindowsCE 5.0 with SQLServerCE 2.0. After calling this to load SQLServerCE 2.0 : - IDBInitialize *pIDBInitialize = NULL; CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IDBInitialize, (void**)&pIDBInitialize); Module load occurs for SSCE20.dll which obviously loads the SQLServerCE engine into the process space. What I don't understand is if I do this immediately after :- pIDBInitialize->Release(); I don't see a dll module unload, so that SSCE20.dll (and friends) are still loaded into my process. Now I tried CoFreeUnusedLibraries() which I figure forces COM to purge any unused libraries, but it doesn't seem to do the trick. At runtime I want to be able to completely unload the SQLServerCE 2.0 dll from the process to streamline an upgrade to 3.5SP1. I suspect this has something to do with the shared dll model that Microsoft use under WindowsCE... but, I might be wrong :) Thanks in advance, David.

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  • Can I use this technique to provide free email service for my users?

    - by Naughty.Coder
    I'll let users register their [email protected] ,,, they enter their members area where they can : 1- send emails ( easy to do) 2- receive emails .. for receiving emails , I'll use a catch all email account , read the email and figure to whom it's sent (username), and then I save it on the database with userid of the username who has registerd ! Do I miss something here ... is it really this simple (if I don't have an email server) ?

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