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• Which format does static library (*.lib) files use? Where can I find "Official" specifications of *.

  - by claws

  Just now I found that static libraries in *nix systems, in other words *.a libraries are nothing but archives of relocatables(*.o files) in ar fromat. What about static libraries(*.lib files) in windows? Which format are they in? I found an article: http://www.microsoft.com/msj/0498/hood0498.aspx which explains *.lib file structure. But Where can I find "Official" specifications of *.lib file structure/format? Other than ar.exe of mingw is there any tool from Microsoft which extracts relocatable objects of *.lib & *.a files? EDIT: I wonder why I'm unable to get to this question. If there are no official specifications. Then how does the compiler ('linker' to be more correct) writers work with *.LIB files?

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• Are there any C++ tools that detect misuse of static_cast, dynamic_cast, and reinterpret_cast?

  - by chrisp451

  The answers to the following question describe the recommended usage of static_cast, dynamic_cast, and reinterpret_cast in C++: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/332030/when-should-static-cast-dynamic-cast-and-reinterpret-cast-be-used Do you know of any tools that can be used to detect misuse of these kinds of cast? Would a static analysis tool like PC-Lint or Coverity Static Analysis do this? The particular case that prompted this question was the inappropriate use of static_cast to downcast a pointer, which the compiler does not warn about. I'd like to detect this case using a tool, and not assume that developers will never make this mistake.

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• Understanding Ruby Enumerable#map (with more complex blocks)

  - by mstksg

  Let's say I have a function def odd_or_even n if n%2 == 0 return :even else return :odd end end And I had a simple enumerable array simple = [1,2,3,4,5] And I ran it through map, with my function, using a do-end block: simple.map do |n| odd_or_even(n) end # => [:odd,:even,:odd,:even,:odd] How could I do this without, say, defining the function in the first place? For example, # does not work simple.map do |n| if n%2 == 0 return :even else return :odd end end # Desired result: # => [:odd,:even,:odd,:even,:odd] is not valid ruby, and the compiler gets mad at me for even thinking about it. But how would I implement an equivalent sort of thing, that works?

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• Why C++ virtual function defined in header may not be compiled and linked in vtable?

  - by 0xDEAD BEEF

  Situation is following. I have shared library, which contains class definition - QueueClass : IClassInterface { virtual void LOL() { do some magic} } My shared library initialize class member QueueClass *globalMember = new QueueClass(); My share library export C function which returns pointer to globalMember - void * getGlobalMember(void) { return globalMember;} My application uses globalMember like this ((IClassInterface*)getGlobalMember())->LOL(); Now the very uber stuff - if i do not reference LOL from shared library, then LOL is not linked in and calling it from application raises exception. Reason - VTABLE contains nul in place of pointer to LOL() function. When i move LOL() definition from .h file to .cpp, suddenly it appears in VTABLE and everything works just great. What explains this behavior?! (gcc compiler + ARM architecture_)

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• Declaring pointers; asterisk on the left or right of the space between the type and name?

  - by GenTiradentes

  I've seen mixed versions of this in a lot of code. (This applies to C and C++, by the way.) People seem to declare pointers in one of two ways, and I have no idea which one is correct, of if it even matters. The first way it to put the asterisk adjacent the type name, like so: someType* somePtr; The second way is to put the asterisk adjacent the name of the variable, like so: someType *somePtr; This has been driving me nuts for some time now. Is there any standard way of declaring pointers? Does it even matter how pointers are declared? I've used both declarations before, and I know that the compiler doesn't care which way it is. However, the fact that I've seen pointers declared in two different ways leads me to believe that there's a reason behind it. I'm curious if either method is more readable or logical in some way that I'm missing.

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• How to learn to program C the right way

  - by sfactor

  i have been programming in C/C++ for my academic courses a lot and was under the impression i had a pretty good grasp of it. but lately i had to work in a bluetooth application that had a server and client implementation in a Linux box and an embedded system. i learned bluez bluetooth API, socket/network programming and coded it. however i ran into a lot of problems with memory leaks and segmentation faults and other memory related errors along the way.as the code grew more complex i all but lost control of the pointers and threads and sockets. this got me wondering that i had a lot to learn that they didn't say in the basic C/C++ books. so i wanted to ask for the resources that are available that'll help be code better in a professional way in C/C++ .especially for the Linux/Mac environment (gcc compiler).

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• Visual C++ 2010 solution-wide macros with parameters

  - by OregonGhost

  I'm trying to compile some source code with Visual C++ 2010 Express. The code was written for GCC, and contains attributes like this: struct something { ... } __attribute__((packed)); Since this is not standard C++ syntax, Visual C++ doesn't recognize it. With this macro prior to the struct declaration, it works fine: #define __attribute__(p) But I don't want to alter the files. I created a new property sheet (GccCompat), and went to Preprocessor Definitions, and added the macro, like this: __attribute__(p) or like this: __attribute__(p)= But it doesn't work. It's simply not called. If I define just __attribute__ (without parameters) in the same location, the macro is correctly defined. Note that the command line that is generated looks fine (the macros with parameters are passed exactly the same as the ones without), but the compiler seems to ignore it. So, how can I globally define my macro with a parameter?

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• c99 goto past initialization

  - by R Samuel Klatchko

  While debugging a crash, I came across this issue in some code: int func() { char *p1 = malloc(...); if (p1 == NULL) goto err_exit; char *p2 = malloc(...); if (p2 == NULL) goto err_exit; ... err_exit: free(p2); free(p1); return -1; } The problem occurs when the first malloc fails. Because we jump across the initialization of p2, it contains random data and the call to free(p2) can crash. I would expect/hope that this would be treated the same way as in C++ where the compiler does not allow a goto to jump across an initialization. My question: is jumping across an initialization allowed by the standard or is this a bug in gcc's implementation of c99?

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• Extract Generic types from extended Generic

  - by Brigham

  I'm trying to refactor a class and set of subclasses where the M type does extend anything, even though we know it has to be a subclass of a certain type. That type is parametrized and I would like its parametrized types to be available to subclasses that already have values for M. Is there any way to define this class without having to include the redundant K and V generic types in the parameter list. I'd like to be able to have the compiler infer them from whatever M is mapped to by subclasses. public abstract class NewParametrized<K, V, M extends SomeParametrized<K, V>> { public void someMethodThatTakesKAndV(K k1, V v1) { } } In other words, I'd like the class declaration to look something like: public class NewParametrized<M extends SomeParametrized<K, V>> { And K and V's types would be inferred from the definition of M.

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• About enumerations in Delphi and c++ in 64-bit environments

  - by sum1stolemyname

  I recently had to work around the different default sizes used for enumerations in Delphi and c++ since i have to use a c++ dll from a delphi application. On function call returns an array of structs (or records in delphi), the first element of which is an enum. To make this work, I use packed records (or aligned(1)-structs). However, since delphi selects the size of an enum-variable dynamically by default and uses the smallest datatype possible (it was a byte in my case), but C++ uses an int for enums, my data was not interpreted correctly. Delphi offers a compiler switch to work around this, so the declaration of the enum becomes {$Z4} TTypeofLight = ( V3d_AMBIENT, V3d_DIRECTIONAL, V3d_POSITIONAL, V3d_SPOT ); {$Z1} My Questions are: What will become of my structs when they are compiled on/for a 64-bit environment? Does the default c++ integer grow to 8 Bytes? Are there other memory alignment / data type size modifications (other than pointers)?

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• Opening Large (24 GB) File In C

  - by zacaj

  I'm trying to read in a 24 GB XML file in C, but it won't work. I'm printing out the current position using ftell() as I read it in, but once it gets to a big enough number, it goes back to a small number and starts over, never even getting 20% through the file. I assume this is a problem with the range of the variable that's used to store the position (long), which can go up to about 4,000,000,000 according to http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/s3f49ktz%28VS.80%29.aspx, while my file is 25,000,000,000 bytes in size. A long long should work, but how would I change what my compiler(Cygwin/mingw32) uses or get it to have fopen64?

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• how to create a new variant in bjam

  - by steve jaffe

  I've tried reading the documentation but it is rather impenetrable so I'm hoping someone may have a simple answer. I want to define a new 'variant', based on 'debug', which just adds some macro definitions to the compiler command line, eg "-DSOMEMACRO". I think I may be able to do this as a "sub-variant" of debug, or else just define a new variant copying 'debug', but I'm not even sure where to do this. It looks like feature.jam in $BOOST_BUILD_DIR/build may be the place. Perhaps what I really want is simply a new 'feature' but it's still not clear to me exactly what I need to do and where, and I don't know if a 'feature' allows me to direct the build products to a different directory to the 'debug' build. Any suggestions will be appreciated. (In case you're wondering, I have to use bjam since it has been adopted as our corporate standard.)

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• How to initialize an std::string using ""?

  - by Mohsin

  I'm facing problems with initializing a std::string variable using "" (i.e. an empty string). It's causing strange behavior in code that was previously working. Is the following statement wrong? std::string operationalReason = ""; When I use the following code everything works fine: std::string operationalReason; operationalReason.clear(); I believe that string literals are stored in a separate memory location that is compiler-dependent. Could the problem I'm seeing actually be indicating a corruption of that storage? If so, it would get hidden by my usage of the clear() function. Thanks.

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• 2-byte (UCS-2) wide strings under GCC

  - by Seva Alekseyev

  Hi all, when porting my Visual C++ project to GCC, I found out that the wchar_t datatype is 4-byte UTF-32 by default. I could override that with a compiler option, but then the whole wcs* (wcslen, wcscmp, etc.) part of RTL is rendered unusable, since it assumes 4-byte wide strings. For now, I've reimplemented 5-6 of these functions from scratch and #defined my implementations in. But is there a more elegant option - say, a build of GCC RTL with 2-byte wchar-t quietly sitting somewhere, waiting to be linked? The specific flavors of GCC I'm after are Xcode on Mac OS X, Cygwin, and the one that comes with Debian Linux Etch.

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• Using sys/socket.h functions on windows

  - by BSchlinker

  Hello, I'm attempting to utilize the socket.h functions within Windows. Essentially, I'm currently looking at the sample code at http://beej.us/guide/bgnet/output/html/multipage/clientserver.html#datagram. I understand that socket.h is a Unix function -- is there anyway I can easily emulate that environment while compiling this sample code? Does a different IDE / compiler change anything? Otherwise, I imagine that I need to utilize a virtualized Linux environment, which may be best anyways as the code will most likely be running in a UNIX environment. Thanks.

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• c++ Using const in a copy constructor?

  - by Anton

  I have never written copy constructor, so in order to avoid pain i wanted to know if what i have coded is legit. It compiles but i am not sure that it works as a copy constructor should. Also do i have to use const in the copy constructor or i can simply drop it. (What i dont like about const is that the compiler cries if i use some non const functions). //EditNode.h class EditNode { explicit EditNode(QString elementName); EditNode(const EditNode &src); } //EditNodeContainer.h class EditNodeContainer : public EditNode { explicit EditNodeContainer(QString elementName); EditNodeContainer(const EditNodeContainer &src); } //EditNodeContainer.cpp EditNodeContainer::EditNodeContainer(QString elementName):EditNode(elementName) { } //This seems to compile but not sure if it works EditNodeContainer::EditNodeContainer(const EditNodeContainer &src):EditNode(src) { } //the idea whould be to do something like this EditNodeContainer *container1 = new EditNodeContainer("c1"); EditNodeContainer *copyContainer = new EditNodeContainer(container1);

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• Problem with array of elements of a structure type

  - by kobac

  I'm writing an app in Visual Studio C++ and I have problem with assigning values to the elements of the array, which is array of elements of structure type. Compiler is reporting syntax error for the assigning part of the code. Is it possible in anyway to assign elements of array which are of structure type? typedef struct { CString x; double y; } Point; Point p[3]; p[0] = {"first", 10.0}; p[1] = {"second", 20.0}; p[2] = {"third", 30.0};

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• Optional structural typing possibilty in C++ or anyother language?

  - by ambhai

  In C++ how to tell compiler that Ogre::Vector3 IS_SAME_AS SomeOtherLIB::Vector3 ? I feel that.. in languages like c++ which are not structural typed but there are cases when it makes sense. Normally as game developer when working with 4+ libraries that provide sort or their own Vector3 implementation. The code is littered with ToOgre, ToThis, ToThat conversion function. Thats a lot of Float3 copying around which should not happen on first place. Is in C++ or any other languages where we dont have to convert (copying) from one type to another which is essentially the samething. But any solution in C++ as most of the good gamedevs libs are for c/c++.

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• C++ overloading virtual = operator

  - by taz

  Hello, here is the code for my question: class ICommon { public: virtual ICommon& operator=(const ICommon & p)const=0; }; class CSpecial : public ICommon { public: CSpecial& operator=(const CSpecial & cs) { //custom operations return *this; } }; CSpecial obj; Basically: I want the interface ICommon to force it's descendants to implement = operator but don't want to have any typecasts in the implementation. The compiler says "can't instantiate an abstract class. Any help/advice will be appreciated.

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• Why calling ISet<dynamic>.Contains() compiles, but throws an exception at runtime?

  - by Andrey Breslav

  Please, help me to explain the following behavior: dynamic d = 1; ISet<dynamic> s = new HashSet<dynamic>(); s.Contains(d); The code compiles with no errors/warnings, but at the last line I get the following exception: Unhandled Exception: Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.RuntimeBinderException: 'System.Collections.Generic.ISet<object>' does not contain a definition for 'Contains' at CallSite.Target(Closure , CallSite , ISet`1 , Object ) at System.Dynamic.UpdateDelegates.UpdateAndExecuteVoid2[T0,T1](CallSite site, T0 arg0, T1 arg1) at FormulaToSimulation.Program.Main(String[] args) in As far as I can tell, this is related to dynamic overload resolution, but the strange things are (1) If the type of s is HashSet<dynamic>, no exception occurs. (2) If I use a non-generic interface with a method accepting a dynamic argument, no exception occurs. Thus, it looks like this problem is related particularly with generic interfaces, but I could not find out what exactly causes the problem. Is it a bug in the compiler/typesystem, or legitimate behavior?

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• Custom class object in Initialization list

  - by Michael

  I have a class Bar: class Bar { public: Bar(void); ~Bar(void); }; And a class Foo that gets a reference to Bar object as a constructor parameter and needs to save it in a private member bar_ : class Foo { private: Bar& bar_; public: Foo(Bar& bar) : bar_(bar) {} ~Foo(void) {} }; This doesn't compile : overloaded member function not found in 'Parser' missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int Now i suspect couple of things that i need to assure, the second error is for Bar& bar_; declaration in Foo. Do i need to use an explicit constructor when declaring bar_ ? I am interested in learning how the compiler works regarding this matter, so a detailed explanation would be highly appreciated. Thanks.

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• Force external function to be const

  - by vanna

  Here is my problem. I made a class with a member function declared as const that uses an external function that I cannot modify (declared in someone else's code) and that is not declared const. More precisely Someone else's code class B { public: void foo(); }; My code class A : public B { public: void bar() const { this->foo(); } }; I know that for member data we can force const-correctness by using mutable or const_cast. How can I 'hack' foo such that my compiler understands that I would like to use it as if it was const even if it is not declared in someone else's code ?

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• Are returned locals automatically xvalues

  - by mark

  Following on from a comment I made on this: passing std::vector to constructor and move semantics Is the std::move necessary in the following code, to ensure that the returned value is a xvalue? std::vector<string> buildVector() { std::vector<string> local; // .... build a vector return std::move(local); } It is my understanding that this is required. I have often seen this used when returning a std::unique_ptr from a function, however GManNickG made the following comment: It is my understanding that in a return statement all local variables are automatically xvalues (expiring values) and will be moved, but I'm unsure if that only applies to the returned object itself. So OP should go ahead and put that in there until I'm more confident it shouldn't have to be. :) Can anyone clarify if the std::move is necessary? Is the behaviour compiler dependent?

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• How does compilation work with AOP?

  - by alee

  I need quick answer to a simple thing in AOP. If i have a code deployed at client side and i have written new aspects, which i want in the client side software. do i have to "recompile" complete software with "original" code and new "AOP" code? (with aop compiler)? i.e. do i need the source code of original program with source code of new AOP and compile 'em boht? P.S: I am asking in general, not being specific to any language.

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• Is it possible to use Dependency Injection/IoC on an ASP.NET MVC FilterAttribute ?

  - by Pure.Krome

  Hi folks, I've got a simple custom FilterAttribute which I use decorate various ActionMethods. eg. [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Get)] [MyCustomFilter] public ActionResult Bar(...) { ... } Now, I wish to add some logging to this CustomFilter Action .. so being a good boy, I'm using DI/IoC ... and as such wish to use this pattern for my custom FilterAttribute. So if i have the following... ILoggingService and wish to add this my custom FilterAttribute .. i'm not sure how. Like, it's easy for me to do the following... public class MyCustomFilterAttribute : FilterAttribute { public MyCustomFilterAttribute(ILoggingService loggingService) { ... } } But the compiler errors saying the attribute which decorates my ActionMethod (listed above...) requires 1 arg .. so i'm just not sure what to do :(

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