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• ntop to analyse bandwidth usage on multiple ASA 5505

  - by dunxd

  I have set up a netflow server at our data centre, which is connected via VPN to ~40 remote offices using Cisco ASA 5505. The aim is to analyse usage data and find out exactly how the remote connections are being used. I followed through http://techowto.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/ntop-guide.pdf to set up ntop and https://supportforums.cisco.com/docs/DOC-6114 to set up the ASAs. I can see from the Plugin Netflow Statistics page that netflow packets from my ASAs are being received - the counter is increasing. However, I am not seeing any breakdown on the Global Traffic Statistic page after switching to the Netflow interface. I'm just seeing a pie chart showing 100% traffic for eth0. The interfaces and documentation are a little hard to follow so I am not sure I have got things configured correctly. When setting up my NetFlow-device.2 I can specify Virtual NetFlow Interface Network Address - the web UI says This value is in the form of a network address and mask on the network where the actual NetFlow probe is located. is this a Network address (e.g. 192.168.0.0/24) or an actual host IP address (192.167.0.1/24)? If that should be a network address, is this the network in which one of my ASAs is or the network in which my ntop server is? If a host IP address, is this the IP address used by eth0 on my ntop server, the IP address of an ASA, or something else? Do I need a separate virtual interface for each ASA I am collecting netflow data from? Any guidance would be greatly welcome.

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• open source solution to a gateway for a network of a housing cooperative of 150 people

  - by SirDinosaur

  i just inherited a barely functioning network for a student housing cooperative of about 150 people. in it's current state, as i understand it from the previous person in charge of the network, we have working wireless access points and working ethernet cords going to working gigabit switches going to a barely functioning gateway (right now a simple home router) to one of three possible outbound connections. it is possible to connect to the network through the wireless or ethernet, but especially during peak hours, packets / connections are likely dropped or otherwise get no response. my intuition tells me to replace the gateway with something that can handle multiple outbound connections (WAN) and one inbound connection (LAN), while the rest of the network seems suitable for now. i'm somewhat knowledgable in Linux (been using Debian after first Arch Linux) and i want to use as much open source as possible, but i'm confused whether or not a simple server that i could easily understand will work for this situation. do i need specialized hardware to handle the switching more effectively? if so, what are my options? (i found this, thoughts?) or if a Debian server would work, anything else i should about the specs required for this type of server? also links to any useful information on using open source to maintain this type of network would be most appreciated. <3 P.S. crossposted http://redd.it/yybp2.

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• Apache: How to redirect OPTIONS request with .htaccess?

  - by Milan Babuškov

  I have Apache 2.2.4 server with a lot of messages like this in the access_log: ::1 - - [15/May/2010:19:55:01 +0200] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 400 543 ::1 - - [15/May/2010:20:22:17 +0200] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 400 543 ::1 - - [15/May/2010:20:24:58 +0200] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 400 543 ::1 - - [15/May/2010:20:25:55 +0200] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 400 543 ::1 - - [15/May/2010:20:27:14 +0200] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 400 543 These are the "internal dummy connections" as explained on this page: http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/InternalDummyConnection The page also hits my main problem: "In 2.2.6 and earlier, in certain configurations, these requests may hit a heavy-weight dynamic web page and cause unnecessary load on the server. You can avoid this by using mod_rewrite to respond with a redirect when accessed with that specific User-Agent or IP address." Well, obviously I cannot use UserAgent because I minimized the server signature, but I could use IP address. However, I don't have a clue what should the RewriteCond and RewriteRule look for IPv6 address ::1. The website where this runs is using CodeIgniter, so there is already the following .htaccess in place, I just need to add to it: RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/system.* RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?/$1 [G] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?/$1 [L] Any idea how to write this .htaccess rule?

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• Repository bugzilla package changed to bugzilla3 in Lenny; upgradable?

  - by Pukku

  This question was asked in debianhelp.org almost half a year ago, but never got an answer. I wasn't the one who posted it, however I was today facing exactly the same question. Not sure if copying it to here as such is considered as inappropriate or something, but there's not really anything that I would even like to paraphrase... So let's just go. (I'm sure you will be happy to close it, if this is not the way to go :) Hello all! We are using a Bugzilla server install on a Debian 4/Etch server and are starting to look at the upgrade to Debian 5/Lenny. I was hoping to upgrade the existing Bugzilla server and database from the oldstable (v2.22) to the newer stable in Lenny (v3) when we get to doing a dist-upgrade. However from testing in a virtual machine it seems that the old package was called "Bugzilla" whereas the Lenny package is called "Bugzilla3" and I could not figure a way to directly upgrade between the two. Is it possible to establish some kind of upgrade path quickly after the dist-upgrade to minimise downtime using apt-get or aptitude? Going on past experiences I would not want to do a fresh install with the Bugzilla3 package and attempt to inject the old database into it (previous attempts failed miserably!) :(

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• Apache randomly looses permission to see files.

  - by arbales

  I have a server (Leopard Server, not my choice) running Apache and MySQL. Several months ago, the server began to raise "Forbidden" errors at random intervals, preventing access to a PHP application. This behavior randomly ceased. Now, several days ago I installed Passenger and deployed a Sintra/Rack application. The application runs as a user acarneg (for example) from /Library/WebServer/Documents/presto/current/public, acarneg owns the entire structure. The _www user has access to the directory via ACL chmod +a "_www allow read,write,...". Everything works great! But after a randomish interval, often ~12 or ~24 hours, Passenger throws an error that also prevents the PHP application from running. Passenger Error #2. Cannot stat file config.ru. Permission denied. But the permissions haven't changed (confirmed) and all one has to do to resolve the error is sudo apachectl graceful. If the permissions aren't changing and Apache doesn't seem to have a legit problem, what is causing this mess? Why did it stop before, and why has it resumed!?!?!? Thanks for the help!

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• What do I need to do to set my computer as Default Gateway?

  - by Vaibhav

  We are trying to put together a box with dual LAN cards (let's say Outer and Inner), where the Inner LAN card is supposed to act as a default gateway on the network it is connected to. This box is running Ubuntu. The basic purpose for this box is to take messages generated on the inner network, do some work with them and forward them out the Outer LAN card to a server. The inner network is completely isolated with simply a regular switch connecting the Inner LAN Card with two other boxes. These other boxes either throw out multi-cast messages (which the Inner LAN Card is listening to), or send out unicast messages meant for the server which is not on this inner network. So, we need the Inner LAN Card to act as a default gateway, where these unicast messages will then be sent, and the code on the dual-LAN Card box can then intercept and forward these messages to the server. Question: 1. How do we setup the LAN Card to be default gateway (does it need some configuration on Ubuntu)? 2. Once we have this setup, is it a simple matter of listening to the interface to intercept the incoming messages? Any help (pointers in the right direction) is appreciated. Thanks.

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• Add static route through DHCP

  - by MathieuK

  I'm trying to get an OSX Lion Server to provide a static route to its clients (all OSX Lion) over DHCP. I can't get the client to actually apply the static route. So far, I've managed to get the DHCP server (BOOTPD) to actually serve the DHCP OPTION 33 (static_route) on the DHCP offers by editing /etc/bootpd.plist and adding something like: <key>dhcp_option_33</key> <data>[some base64 goes here]</data> .. and restarting the DHCP service. On the client I've managed to get the client to actually request the dhcp option by modifying and adding option 33 to the DHCPRequestedParameterList key: <key>DHCPRequestedParameterList</key> <array> ... keys snipped for brevity ... <integer>33</integer> </array> .. and rebooting the client. This makes the client request the static_route option from the DHCP server ( i can see the proper output in ipconfig getpacket en0 ) but it doesn't actually apply the rule. Has anyone ever succeeded in applying static_route options on OSX clients through DHCP?

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• How to serve pages through multiple frameworks/template engines efficiently

  - by Leftium

  I would like to render a file that has both PHP tags and Web2Py tags mixed together. To do this, I would like the web server to pass the file through Web2Py, then PHP. I found a method to call PHP from Web2py via Python (based on this method for running PHP on top of django), but this method loses the benefits of any server optimizations from mod_php or FastCGI like caching and multi-threaded operation. A new process is created for each PHP request, which is very slow. Is there a better way to efficiently render pages with both Web2Py(Python) and PHP tags in the same file? Note I am not looking for methods of serving PHP-only and Web2Py-only files from the same server/domain. I prefer solutions for Apache2 or Cherokee. I'm open to using other web servers, though. Background info: I prefer to develop in Web2Py, but we have this pre-existing system written in PHP. I would like to augment the PHP system with some of Web2Py's features like auth authentication/user management and the T() internationalization object. Also it would make it much easier to port the PHP project to Web2Py if it could be done piecemeal. Since the PHP project consists of many files, it would greatly help if they did not need modification.

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• Strange IIS hits originating from Trend Micro

  - by TesterTurnedDeveloper

  I'm trying to trace thru an error on a extranet site I maintain. I've had a look thru the logs, and I'm seeing hits originate from these IP addresses: 216.104.15.130 216.104.15.138 216.104.15.142 216.104.15.13 150.70.84.49 150.70.84.44 Network-tools.com gives 'TREND MICRO INCORPORATED' as the owner of all these IPs. The hits fail as they aren't sending any cookies (therefore aren't considered logged in). The hits are to pages containing URLs that only the logged in user would see, i.e. ImageEdit.aspx?ImageId=467424. I.e. the server isn't guessing these URLs, someone would have to log into the site to know these URLs exist. Theory: the Trend Antivirus client grabs URLs and sends them to the server for 'extra processing'? Googling around gives me this: http://www.forumpostersunion.com/showthread.php?p=51272 - where people are reporting comment spam from these addresses. The articles says their servers have been hacked (a few months ago, presumably fixed now?). A hacked server wouldn't explain how the URLs have been plucked off the user's PCs. Has anyone seen this before? Anything nefarious going on here?

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• High apache load but zero traffic

  - by Adie

  I have a problem with new server.. I use VPS Centos with 1GB of ram and I use wordpress CMS. The traffic <100 visitor/hour, but the apache have high load and make the server hang with zero free of ram and can't connect through ssh. I should reboot the vps to make it works here is the load on Apache looks like Tasks: 66 total, 1 running, 65 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.6%us, 12.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 48.1%id, 23.0%wa, 4.8%hi, 10.2%si, 0.0% Mem: 1018776k total, 116620k used, 902156k free, 1236k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 1013052k used, 35516k free, 26628k cached 2949 apache 20 0 459m 42m 3732 D 3.0 4.2 0:09.23 httpd 2959 apache 20 0 460m 29m 3744 D 2.0 3.0 0:02.72 httpd 2968 apache 20 0 460m 26m 3808 D 2.0 2.6 0:02.27 httpd 2972 apache 20 0 460m 24m 3784 D 2.0 2.5 0:02.44 httpd 2986 apache 20 0 460m 29m 3784 R 2.0 2.9 0:02.40 httpd 2969 apache 20 0 458m 29m 3864 D 1.6 3.0 0:02.63 httpd 2974 apache 20 0 460m 25m 3820 D 1.6 2.6 0:02.43 httpd 2990 apache 20 0 460m 23m 3920 D 1.6 2.4 0:02.36 httpd 2994 apache 20 0 460m 31m 3756 D 1.6 3.2 0:02.62 httpd 2956 apache 20 0 460m 26m 3740 D 1.3 2.7 0:02.73 httpd 2957 apache 20 0 465m 22m 3644 D 1.3 2.3 0:02.80 httpd 2967 apache 20 0 458m 24m 3764 D 1.3 2.5 0:02.60 httpd 2970 apache 20 0 463m 25m 3764 D 1.3 2.6 0:03.07 httpd 2971 apache 20 0 451m 22m 3792 D 1.3 2.3 0:02.47 httpd 2973 apache 20 0 458m 25m 3768 D 1.3 2.6 0:02.52 httpd 2987 apache 20 0 465m 20m 3772 D 1.3 2.1 0:03.02 httpd But sometimes the server have uptime more than 5-10hrs but after that the problems start

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• dhclient requests filling memory?

  - by shanethehat

  Dammit Jim, I'm a web developer, not a sys admin. With that out of the way, my client's has a CentOS server (6.2) that is only serving a single Magento site (and the associated MySQL server) and it is frequently running out of memory, despite the site only currently being open to 5 users. I'm investigating the logs to try to figure out why the memory usage is so high, but I don't really know what I'm looking at. It seems that there are a lot of entries in /var/log/messages concerning DHCP requests, approximately one every 15 seconds, that look like this: Apr 7 14:23:06 s15940039 dhclient[815]: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 172.30.102.85 port 67 (xid=0x6b5cd2a7) Is this normal? I don't see anything else in here that I don't recognise, but then I'm not sure I'd know the problem if I did see it. 4 days ago the server ran out of memory completely and locked up, requiring a restart. The DHCP messages did not start up again for 23 hours, but then carried on as before. I have read this question which describes the same issue, but in my case a fresh DHCP lease does not ever seem to be issued. Is this something I should push back to the hosting provider, or have I not yet found the source of the memory problem?

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• 10Gbe sfp+ Cross Over Cable required? Is there such a thing?

  - by dc-patos

  To preface, this is my first experience with 10GBe networking and I have encountered an issue which research does not seem to document a solution for... I have two servers (older DL580G5 and DL380G5), each with a HP NC522SFP 10Gbe dual sfp+ port adapter. I have purchased copper "passive" direct connect adapter cables (which look like twinax), which seem to work well when I connect them to the sfp+ ports on my Dell 5524 switch. However, if I directly connect the two servers with the same cable, the link doesn't come up. I am running WS2012 standard on each server. My intention is to use one of these servers as a home brew SAN and I would like to enable mutiple 10Gbe paths for iSCSI traffic. My question(s): Can I connect the two adapters to each other, such as I would with other less speedy generations of ethernet? If I can, do I require a crossover cable, or some type of other sfp+ cable solution to do this? My 10Gbe sfp+ switch ports are premium, but server to server connections are doable in small numbers for me and I would really like the multiple paths this would give me. Is there a simple solution?

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• Xen PV packet loss

  - by Delphinator

  I'm having some serious issues with packetloss with one of my servers. This server is a somewhat old (P4-era) machine running Debian Squeeze and Xen 4.0. There are two domUs running on it (both also Debian Squeeze), one gateway and a fileserver. Unfortunatly the processor has no virtualization extensions, therefore only PV can be used. While investigating why our network seems to be slower than it should I found some pretty bad packet loss (~25%). After further investigation and several experiments I did a measurment between the dom0 and one of the domUs: Server listening on UDP port 5001 Receiving 1470 byte datagrams UDP buffer size: 110 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to dom0, UDP port 5001 Sending 1470 byte datagrams UDP buffer size: 110 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 192.168.1.2(domU) port 33817 connected with 192.168.1.100(dom0) port 5001 [ 4] local 192.168.1.2(domU) port 5001 connected with 192.168.1.100(dom0) port 48606 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 46.3 MBytes 38.7 Mbits/sec [ 3] Sent 33020 datagrams [ 3] Server Report: [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 46.2 MBytes 38.6 Mbits/sec 0.030 ms 89/33019 (0.27%) [ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 1 datagrams received out-of-order [ 4] 0.0-10.2 sec 43.0 MBytes 35.3 Mbits/sec 13.074 ms 11575/42256 (27%) tl;dr: 27% packet loss from dom0 to domU with 50Mbit UDP packets. Same thing happens from anywhere in the network. The problem gets better for smaller bandwidths (0.047% for 5Mbit) and worse for higher (59% for 200Mbit) ones. I did increase the CPU-weight of the dom0, there is no swapping going on, and actual networking-hardware is not involved. I never expected Xen (or anything related) to drop packets, and I'm completly clueless what to try next.

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• Directory directive: AuthType None but still need an AuthProvider?

  - by Steffen Winkler

  For now I just need the server to let me download files from one specific folder (in my case I chose /opt/myFolder for that task) Distribution is Debian 6.0 *edit_start* Apache version is 2.4, according to their official documentation, the Order/Allow clauses are deprecated and should not be used anymore I'm an idiot: Apache version is 2.2. *edit_end* My directory directives in apache2.conf look like this: <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php </IfModule> ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" DocumentRoot "/opt/myFolder" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AuthType None AllowOverride None Require all denie </Directory> <Directory "/opt/myFolder/*"> Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None AuthType None Require all allow </Directory> When I try to access a file inside that folder (http://myserver.de/aTestFile.zip) I get an Internal Server Error. Also Apache writes the following error into it's log: configuration error: couldn't check user. Check your authn provider!: /aTestFile.zip Why would I need an authn provider if I don't want any authentication? Also I hope someone can explain to me what kind of AuthenticationProvider I'd need for that. Everytime I search for those things I get pointed at people asking how to protect files/directories with passwords or restrict access to some IP addresses, which doesn't really help me. ok, since I've Apache version 2.2, here is the error I get when using the Order/Deny/Allow commands instead of AuthType/Require: Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration.

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• Nginx proxy hangs when proxiing to itself

  - by Thomas

  I have Nginx running as a proxy for a number of services including a Geoserver running on port 8080 with the following config: location ^~ /wms/ { rewrite ^/wms/(.*)$ /geoserver/ows$1 break; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 150s; } and a proxy service to avoid SOP problems which works as follows: location ^~ /proxy/?targetURL= { rewrite ^/proxy/?targetURL=(.*)$ $1 break; proxy_pass $1; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 150s; } My web server is also under the same domain, ran by a jetty on port 8888, handled by the same proxy. location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8888; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; proxy_read_timeout 150s; } From my web application I make WMS server calls for data via my proxy service. It works fine for external servers but it hangs when I call my own internal geoserver. My geoserver proxy works fine, I can make WMS service queries with the said URL. The call that hangs is basically: http://mywebappdomain.com/proxy/?targetURL=http://mywebappdomain.com/wms/?my_set_of_parameters Which means that the proxy rule applies and the WMS service is called from the same server. Is there an issue with proxying over itself?

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• iptables advanced routing

  - by Shamanu4

  I have a Centos server acting as a NAT in my network. This server has one external (later ext1) interface and three internal (later int1, int2 and int3). Egress traffic comes from users via int1 and after MASQUERADE goes via ext1. Ingress traffic comes from ext1, MASQUERADE, and goes via int2 or int3 according to static routes. | ext1 | x.x.x.x/24 +---------|----------------------+ | | | Centos server (NAT) | | | +---|------|---------------|-----+ | | | int1 | | int2 | int3 10.30.1.10/24 | | 10.30.2.10/24 | 10.30.3.10/24 ^ v v 10.30.1.1/24 | | 10.30.2.1/24 | 10.30.3.1/24 +---|------|---------------|-----+ | | | | | | | v v | | ^ -Traffic policer- | | |_____________ | | | | | +------------------|-------------+ | 192.168.0.1/16 | | Clients 192.168.0.0/16 The problem: Egress traffic seems to be dropped after PREROUTING table. Packet counters are not changing on MASQUERADE rule in POSTROUTING. If I change the routes to clients causing the traffic go back via int1 - everything works perfectly. current iptable configuration is very simple: # cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -I INPUT 1 -i int1 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT COMMIT *nat -A POSTROUTING -o ext1 -j MASQUERADE # COMMIT Can anyone point me what I'm missing? Thanks. UPDATE: 192.168.100.60 via 10.30.2.1 dev int2 proto zebra # routes to clients ... 192.168.100.61 via 10.30.3.1 dev int3 proto zebra # ... I have a lot of them x.x.x.0/24 dev ext1 proto kernel scope link src x.x.x.x 10.30.1.0/24 dev int1 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.1.10 10.30.2.0/24 dev int2 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.2.10 10.30.3.0/24 dev int3 proto kernel scope link src 10.30.3.10 169.254.0.0/16 dev ext1 scope link metric 1003 169.254.0.0/16 dev int1 scope link metric 1004 169.254.0.0/16 dev int2 scope link metric 1005 169.254.0.0/16 dev int3 scope link metric 1006 blackhole 192.168.0.0/16 default via x.x.x.y dev ext1 Clients have 192.168.0.1 as gateway, which is redirecting them to 10.30.1.1

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• Simulated NAT Traversal on Virtual Box

  - by Sumit Arora

  I have installed virtual box ( with Two virtual Adapters(NAT-type)) - Host (Ubuntu -10.10) - Guest-Opensuse-11.4 . Objective : Trying to simulate all four types of NAT as defined here : https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/TOP/NAT+Traversal+Testing Simulating the various kinds of NATs can be done using Linux iptables. In these examples, eth0 is the private network and eth1 is the public network. Full-cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination Restricted cone iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p udp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -j DROP iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state NEW -j DROP Port-restricted cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source Symmentric echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables --flush iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE --random iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT What I did : OpenSuse guest with Two Virtual adapters - eth0 and eth1 -- eth1 with address 10.0.3.15 /eth1:1 as 10.0.3.16 -- eth0 with address 10.0.2.15 now running stund(http://sourceforge.net/projects/stun/) client/server : Server eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./server -v -h 10.0.3.15 -a 10.0.3.16 Client eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./client -v 10.0.3.15 -i 10.0.2.15 On all Four Cases It is giving same results : test I = 1 test II = 1 test III = 1 test I(2) = 1 is nat = 0 mapped IP same = 1 hairpin = 1 preserver port = 1 Primary: Open Return value is 0x000001 Q-1 :Please let me know If any has ever done, It should behave like NAT as per description but nowhere it working as a NAT. Q-2: How NAT Implemented in Home routers (Usually Port Restricted), but those also pre-configured iptables rules and tuned Linux

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• vmdk Recovery after migration from 3.5 to 4 and fallback tentative.

  - by olgirard

  Hy, I've tryed to migrate some VM from my 3.5i environment to a brand new vSphere 4.0 U1. The two platforms are running simultaneously, sharing the same SAN. I Migrate my VM by stopping it, unregistering in vcenter (esx ver. 3.5, i call it esx3), register in vSphere (esx ver. 4, i call it esx4), and migrate upgrade virtual hardware before powering it up (First mistake). vMotion was enabled on esx4, seem to be a second mistake. After a day or so, i encountred problems joigning the esx server (esx4) and decided to unregister my server for esx4 and fallback to esx3. esx3 refused to boot, i supposed this was due to virtual hardware in Version 7 so i recreated a new VM pointing to the vmdk of the old VM. Everithing seemed fine until i log into the server and discover that i was running on the original disk ith every snapshots ignored even those created on esx3. I tried to reboot VM on esx4 but VM doesn't power up because "The parent virtual disk has been modified since the child was created". I've got a copy of a later state of the drive but generated between two snapshots (ovf generated with canverter standalone) as a backup. Do i have a chance to recover at least some files on the virtual drive or (as i tink) all is played, i've done enought mistakes for this time. Thanks for your help.

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• Cross-platform, human-readable, du on root partition that truly ignores other filesystems

  - by nice_line

  I hate this so much: Linux builtsowell 2.6.18-274.7.1.el5 #1 SMP Mon Oct 17 11:57:14 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux df -kh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/mpath0p2 8.8G 8.7G 90M 99% / /dev/mapper/mpath0p6 2.0G 37M 1.9G 2% /tmp /dev/mapper/mpath0p3 5.9G 670M 4.9G 12% /var /dev/mapper/mpath0p1 494M 86M 384M 19% /boot /dev/mapper/mpath0p7 7.3G 187M 6.7G 3% /home tmpfs 48G 6.2G 42G 14% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/o10g.bin 25G 7.4G 17G 32% /app/SIP/logs /dev/mapper/o11g.bin 25G 11G 14G 43% /o11g tmpfs 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /dev/vx lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_backup/epmxs1q1 686G 507G 180G 74% /rpmqa/backup lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/bisxs1q1 4.0G 1.6G 2.5G 38% /bisxs1q/rdoctl1 lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_backup/bisxs1q1 686G 507G 180G 74% /bisxs1q/backup lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_exp/bisxs1q1 2.0T 1.1T 984G 52% /bisxs1q/exp lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_home/bisxs1q1 10G 174M 9.9G 2% /bisxs1q/home lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_data/bisxs1q1 52G 5.2G 47G 10% /bisxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/bisxs1q2 4.0G 1.6G 2.5G 38% /bisxs1q/rdoctl2 ip-address1:/vol/oradb_home/cspxs1q1 10G 184M 9.9G 2% /cspxs1q/home ip-address2:/vol/oradb_backup/cspxs1q1 674G 314G 360G 47% /cspxs1q/backup ip-address2:/vol/oradb_redo/cspxs1q1 4.0G 1.5G 2.6G 37% /cspxs1q/rdoctl1 ip-address2:/vol/oradb_exp/cspxs1q1 4.1T 1.5T 2.6T 37% /cspxs1q/exp ip-address2:/vol/oradb_redo/cspxs1q2 4.0G 1.5G 2.6G 37% /cspxs1q/rdoctl2 ip-address1:/vol/oradb_data/cspxs1q1 160G 23G 138G 15% /cspxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_exp/epmxs1q1 2.0T 1.1T 984G 52% /epmxs1q/exp lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_home/epmxs1q1 10G 80M 10G 1% /epmxs1q/home lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_data/epmxs1q1 330G 249G 82G 76% /epmxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/epmxs1q2 5.0G 609M 4.5G 12% /epmxs1q/rdoctl2 lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/epmxs1q1 5.0G 609M 4.5G 12% /epmxs1q/rdoctl1 /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol1 183G 17G 157G 10% /slaxs1q/backup /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol4 173G 58G 106G 36% /slaxs1q/oradata /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol5 75G 952M 71G 2% /slaxs1q/exp /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol2 9.8G 381M 8.9G 5% /slaxs1q/home /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol6 4.0G 1.6G 2.2G 42% /slaxs1q/rdoctl1 /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol3 4.0G 1.6G 2.2G 42% /slaxs1q/rdoctl2 /dev/mapper/appoem 30G 1.3G 27G 5% /app/em Yet, I equally, if not quite a bit more, also hate this: SunOS solarious 5.10 Generic_147440-19 sun4u sparc SUNW,SPARC-Enterprise Filesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on kiddie001Q_rpool/ROOT/s10s_u8wos_08a 8G 7.7G 1.3G 96% / /devices 0K 0K 0K 0% /devices ctfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/contract proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /proc mnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttab swap 15G 1.8M 15G 1% /etc/svc/volatile objfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/object sharefs 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/dfs/sharetab fd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fd kiddie001Q_rpool/ROOT/s10s_u8wos_08a/var 31G 8.3G 6.6G 56% /var swap 512M 4.6M 507M 1% /tmp swap 15G 88K 15G 1% /var/run swap 15G 0K 15G 0% /dev/vx/dmp swap 15G 0K 15G 0% /dev/vx/rdmp /dev/dsk/c3t4d4s0 3 20G 279G 41G 88% /fs_storage /dev/vx/dsk/oracle/ora10g-vol1 292G 214G 73G 75% /o10g /dev/vx/dsk/oec/oec-vol1 64G 33G 31G 52% /oec/runway /dev/vx/dsk/oracle/ora9i-vol1 64G 33G 31G 59% /o9i /dev/vx/dsk/home 23G 18G 4.7G 80% /export/home /dev/vx/dsk/dbwork/dbwork-vol1 292G 214G 73G 92% /db03/wk01 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebusredovol 2.0G 475M 1.5G 24% /u21 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebusbckupvol 200G 32G 166G 17% /u31 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebuscrtlvol 2.0G 475M 1.5G 24% /u20 kiddie001Q_rpool 31G 97K 6.6G 1% /kiddie001Q_rpool monsterfiler002q:/vol/ebiz_patches_nfs/NSA0304 203G 173G 29G 86% /oracle/patches /dev/odm 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/odm The people with the authority don't rotate logs or delete packages after install in my environment. Standards, remediation, cohesion...all fancy foreign words to me. ============== How am I supposed to deal with / filesystem full issues across multiple platforms that have a devastating number of mounts? On Red Hat el5, du -x apparently avoids traversal into other filesystems. While this may be so, it does not appear to do anything if run from the / directory. On Solaris 10, the equivalent flag is du -d, which apparently packs no surprises, allowing Sun to uphold its legacy of inconvenience effortlessly. (I'm hoping I've just been doing it wrong.) I offer up for sacrifice my Frankenstein's monster. Tell me how ugly it is. Tell me I should download forbidden 3rd party software. Tell me I should perform unauthorized coreutils updates, piecemeal, across 2000 systems, with no single sign-on, no authorized keys, and no network update capability. Then, please help me make this bastard better: pwd / du * | egrep -v "$(echo $(df | awk '{print $1 "\n" $5 "\n" $6}' | \ cut -d\/ -f2-5 | egrep -v "[0-9]|^$|Filesystem|Use|Available|Mounted|blocks|vol|swap")| \ sed 's/ /\|/g')" | egrep -v "proc|sys|media|selinux|dev|platform|system|tmp|tmpfs|mnt|kernel" | \ cut -d\/ -f1-2 | sort -k2 -k1,1nr | uniq -f1 | sort -k1,1n | cut -f2 | xargs du -shx | \ egrep "G|[5-9][0-9]M|[1-9][0-9][0-9]M" My biggest failure and regret is that it still requires a single character edit for Solaris: pwd / du * | egrep -v "$(echo $(df | awk '{print $1 "\n" $5 "\n" $6}' | \ cut -d\/ -f2-5 | egrep -v "[0-9]|^$|Filesystem|Use|Available|Mounted|blocks|vol|swap")| \ sed 's/ /\|/g')" | egrep -v "proc|sys|media|selinux|dev|platform|system|tmp|tmpfs|mnt|kernel" | \ cut -d\/ -f1-2 | sort -k2 -k1,1nr | uniq -f1 | sort -k1,1n | cut -f2 | xargs du -shd | \ egrep "G|[5-9][0-9]M|[1-9][0-9][0-9]M" This will exclude all non / filesystems in a du search from the / directory by basically munging an egrepped df from a second pipe-delimited egrep regex subshell exclusion that is naturally further excluded upon by a third egrep in what I would like to refer to as "the whale." The munge-fest frantically escalates into some xargs du recycling where -x/-d is actually useful, and a final, gratuitous egrep spits out a list of directories that almost feels like an accomplishment: Linux: 54M etc/gconf 61M opt/quest 77M opt 118M usr/ ##===\ 149M etc 154M root 303M lib/modules 313M usr/java ##====\ 331M lib 357M usr/lib64 ##=====\ 433M usr/lib ##========\ 1.1G usr/share ##=======\ 3.2G usr/local ##========\ 5.4G usr ##<=============Ascending order to parent 94M app/SIP ##<==\ 94M app ##<=======Were reported as 7gb and then corrected by second du with -x. Solaris: 63M etc 490M bb 570M root/cores.ric.20100415 1.7G oec/archive 1.1G root/packages 2.2G root 1.7G oec Guess what? It's really slow. Edit: Are there any bash one-liner heroes out there than can turn my bloated abomination into divine intervention, or at least something resembling gingerly copypasta?

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• Apache 2.2 + mod_fcgid + PHP 5.4: (104) Connection reset by peer

  - by Michele Piccirillo

  On a Debian 6 VPS, I'm running PHP 5.4 via mod_fcgid on a couple of different virtual hosts, managed by Virtualmin GPL. At random, I get 500 Internal Server Errors; restarting Apache brings everything back to normality. Examining the logs, I find messages of this kind: [Thu Oct 04 15:39:35 2012] [warn] [client 173.252.100.117] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server [Thu Oct 04 15:39:35 2012] [error] [client 173.252.100.117] Premature end of script headers: index.php Any ideas about what is happening? UPDATE: I found a similar question and the author reported to have solved the problem disabling APC. I tried following the advice, but I'm still getting the same errors. VirtualHost configuration SuexecUserGroup "#1000" "#1000" ServerName example.com DocumentRoot /home/example/public_html ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/example/cgi-bin/ DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php index.php4 index.php5 <Directory /home/example/public_html> Options -Indexes +IncludesNOEXEC +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI allow from all AllowOverride All AddHandler fcgid-script .php AddHandler fcgid-script .php5 FCGIWrapper /home/example/fcgi-bin/php5.fcgi .php FCGIWrapper /home/example/fcgi-bin/php5.fcgi .php5 </Directory> <Directory /home/example/cgi-bin> allow from all </Directory> RemoveHandler .php RemoveHandler .php5 IPCCommTimeout 61 FcgidMaxRequestLen 1073741824 php5.fcgi #!/bin/bash PHPRC=$PWD/../etc/php5 export PHPRC umask 022 export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=99999 export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS SCRIPT_FILENAME=$PATH_TRANSLATED export SCRIPT_FILENAME exec /usr/bin/php5-cgi Package versions webmin-virtual-server/virtualmin-universal 3.94.gpl-2 apache2/squeeze 2.2.16-6+squeeze8 libapache2-mod-fcgid/squeeze 1:2.3.6-1+squeeze1 php5 5.4.7-1~dotdeb.0 php5-apc 5.4.7-1~dotdeb.0

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• Hide Content for Printing

  - by ltang

  Current, our users can view SCORM contents using frames. We would like to disable print or hide the content for printing. So far, we have tried: @media print { body { display:none } frameset {display:none} } The above line worked very inconsistently. For example, using IE8, the print preview does not show the content but when printing without preview it shows the content. Ideally we would like to disable printing altogether when our users launch any contents. If this can't be done, we would like to hide the print content so the users will print a blank page. Additionally, we would also like to disable the print screen option if possible. Please help!!!

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• InstantSSL's certificate no different than a self signed certificate under Nginx with an IP accessed address

  - by Absolute0

  I ordered an ssl certificate from InstantSSL and got the following pair of files: my_ip.ca-bundle, my_ip.crt I also previously generated my own key and crt files using openssl. I concatenated all the crt files: cat my_previously_generted.crt my_ip.ca_bundle my_ip.crt chained.crt And configured nginx as follows: server { ... listen 443; ssl on; ssl_certificate /home/dmsf/csr/chained.crt; ssl_certificate_key /home/dmsf/csr/csr.nopass.key; ... } I don't have a domain name as per the clients request. When I open the browser with https://my_ip chrome gives me this error: The site's security certificate is not trusted! You attempted to reach my_ip, but the server presented a certificate issued by an entity that is not trusted by your computer's operating system. This may mean that the server has generated its own security credentials, which Google Chrome cannot rely on for identity information, or an attacker may be trying to intercept your communications. You should not proceed, especially if you have never seen this warning before for this site.

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• How to find the real IP to which IPVS is routing a virtual IP

  - by Wayne Conrad

  I'm trying to find a problem server hiding behind a virtual IP (using LVS/ipvs). I've got a test program that sends requests to the virtual IP until it gets the bad response, but how can I tell to which real IP a request to the virtual IP got routed? On the box doing the virtual IP magic, here's the virtual IP configuration (for the service I care about): IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn ... TCP 10.1.0.254:5025 nq -> 10.1.0.5:5025 Route 1 0 1 -> 10.1.0.6:5025 Route 1 0 5 -> 10.1.0.7:5025 Route 1 0 2 -> 10.1.0.9:5025 Local 1 0 3 -> 10.1.0.11:5025 Route 1 0 3 ... My client program is sending TCP requests to 10.1.0.254:5025, usually getting a good response but sometimes a bad response. With this few servers, I could send my request to each server in turn until I discover the culprit, but I wonder if that technique will scale as we add servers. What means exist for me to find out where requests got routed? Kernel: Linux 2.6.32 OS: Debian testing (whatever that's called these days). ipvsadm is version 1.25, compiled with ipvs v1.2.1

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• Puppet inventory service using puppetdb

  - by Oli

  I have 3 servers set up. A puppet master using passenger (puppet-server1), dashboard using passenger (puppet-server2) and puppetdb (puppet-server3). I cannot get the inventory service working in the dashboard. The puppet master is able to sign certs and hand out manifests. The nodes have checked in to the dashboard ok The puppetdb appears to be working - logs files as follows: 2012-12-13 17:53:10,899 INFO [command-proc-74] [puppetdb.command] [8490148f-865a-45c8-b5b5-2c8824d753dd] [replace facts] puppet-server3.test.net 2012-12-13 17:53:11,041 INFO [command-proc-74] [puppetdb.command] [dfcc5168-06df-41d4-9a97-77b4cd3f4a2b] [replace catalog] puppet-server3.test.net 2012-12-13 17:55:28,600 INFO [command-proc-74] [puppetdb.command] [b2cc0a96-0404-49f5-96ad-19c778508d3d] [replace facts] puppet-client2.test.net 2012-12-13 17:55:28,729 INFO [command-proc-74] [puppetdb.command] [4dc4b8f3-06df-4dad-a89a-92ac80447b99] [replace catalog] puppet-client2.test.net The puppet master has the following configured in puppet.conf [master] certname = puppet-server1.test.net storeconfigs = true storeconfigs_backend = puppetdb reports = store, http reporturl = http://puppet-server2.test.net/reports/upload The puppet master have the following configured in auth.conf #access for puppet dashboard facts path /facts auth yes method find, search allow dashboard The puppet dashboard has this configured in /usr/share/puppet-dashboard/config/settings.yml # Hostname of the inventory server. inventory_server: 'puppet-server3.test.net' # Port for the inventory server. inventory_port: 8081 The inventory is on as I see a link to the inventory in the dashboard server But I am getting this error: Inventory Could not retrieve facts from inventory service: SSL_connect SYSCALL returned=5 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read finished A clearly an SSL error - but I have followed the documentation and have no idea how to fix this. Can anyone help please? Oli

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• Installing mod_pagespeed (Apache module) on CentOS

  - by Sid B

  I have a CentOS (5.7 Final) system on which I already have Apache (2.2.3) installed. I have installed mod_pagespeed by following the instructions on: http://code.google.com/speed/page-speed/download.html and got the following while installing: # rpm -U mod-pagespeed-*.rpm warning: mod-pagespeed-beta_current_x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 7fac5991 [ OK ] atd: [ OK ] It does appear to be installed properly: # apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES Loaded Modules: ... pagespeed_module (shared) And I've made the following changes in /etc/httpd/conf.d/pagespeed.conf Added: ModPagespeedEnableFilters collapse_whitespace,elide_attributes ModPagespeedEnableFilters combine_css,rewrite_css,move_css_to_head,inline_css ModPagespeedEnableFilters rewrite_javascript,inline_javascript ModPagespeedEnableFilters rewrite_images,insert_img_dimensions ModPagespeedEnableFilters extend_cache ModPagespeedEnableFilters remove_quotes,remove_comments ModPagespeedEnableFilters add_instrumentation Commented out the following lines in mod_pagespeed_statistics <Location /mod_pagespeed_statistics> **# Order allow,deny** # You may insert other "Allow from" lines to add hosts you want to # allow to look at generated statistics. Another possibility is # to comment out the "Order" and "Allow" options from the config # file, to allow any client that can reach your server to examine # statistics. This might be appropriate in an experimental setup or # if the Apache server is protected by a reverse proxy that will # filter URLs in some fashion. **# Allow from localhost** **# Allow from 127.0.0.1** SetHandler mod_pagespeed_statistics </Location> As a separate note, I'm trying to run the prescribed system tests as specified on google's site, but it gives the following error. I'm averse to updating wget on my server, as I'm sure there's no need for it for the actual module to function correctly. ./system_test.sh www.domain.com You have the wrong version of wget. 1.12 is required.

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