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• How to merge several detached signatures from different people into one?

  - by Petr Pudlák

  A group of people wants to publish a file and they all want to digitally sign the file as different recipients of the file will have different chains of trust. For simplicity, it's desired that there is only one detached signature file with all the signatures, so that the recipients don't need to check them one by one: foo.tar.gz foo.tar.gz.sig However, for security reasons, every person needs to perform the signing on their computer, it's not possible to create the combined signature by having multiple private keys on one computer and performing the operation with one command. Is it possible with GPG to somehow merge detached signatures of a file from multiple participants?

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• How can one make the title bar text/buttons have better contrast on dark colors in Windows 8?

  - by zeel

  When Windows 8 color setting are set to a very dark color, such as black or navy blue, the title bar text and the minimize/maximize buttons are nearly invisible. This makes dark colors difficult to work with. In Windows 7 there was an advanced color options, this is gone in 8. The registry keys associated with this seem to still be present, but they have no effect. Is there a way to change this? Or a third party application that can do it? I don't want to use the ugly high contrast theme, I want to use the nice Win 8 theme with a dark color.

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• SSL issues with puppet agent at openSUSE

  - by Roman Grazhdan

  I have a master running at my vps, and it has a simple helloworld manifest which works fine with any ubuntu machine I have. It connects, exchanges keys and creates test file allright, so I'm sure it's not server issue. The agent which is running at a virtual machine with openSUSE says: err: Could not request certificate: SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read server certificate B: certificate verify failed. This is often because the time is out of sync on the server or client I believe it's probably a broken or missing lib, since the package is not built very accurately - it wouldn't start out of the box because of wrong path to lockfile, for example. So how do I figure out what exactly is wrong here? The time is allright, I've checked it. I probably could do without SSL if it's possible, since that SUSE machines are just for training, but it's the last opportunity.

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• Computer hanged in the middle of bios flashing process

  - by Stalker

  I have a laptop: Toshiba Satellite c660-17j, today I decided to update BIOS. I've downloaded bios updater from manufacturer's web site, and in the middle of flashing process computer hanged. I was waiting more than 30 minutes, but nothing was changed on the screen, i've tryed to PRESS MORE BUTTONS, but there were no reactions, so i've turned it off by removing battery (all other methods failed, even pressing power button for ~10 secs). After that computer can't start. I understand, that there's MESS in BIOS chip, and it's possible to re-flash it with hardware programmer, but I don't have it. I remember, that on some PCs (even on my eeepc) there was possibility to re-flash bios by inserting usb flash-disk (with .dat file on it, which contained BIOS), and power on PC, while holding some keys combination, then PC was switching to BIOS programming mode and re-flashed BIOS, after that it was possible to boot up normaly. Is there a way to recover computer without hardware programming BIOS chip? p.s. sorry for my english.

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• How can I remap control+e to escape+control+e in iTerm2?

  - by cwd

  I have set up a few custom keyboard shortcuts in iTerm2 to easily move the cursor around with the arrow keys, but now I'd like to remap control+e to be escape, control+e because bash 4.2 no longer auto-expands variables using the tab key. I know I've done the first part correctly in choosing the keyboard shortcut to remap, but I don't understand how to look up the correct escape sequence (or hex codes) to send in the bottom section: I reference they keyboard codes but that wasn't much help. How can I remap this, and how can I look up the codes in the future? (No luck with Google) Update @db - thanks. To save others trouble I also found a cool util Key Codes.app which can be used to find key codes:

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• Disable Network settings (TCP/IP & DNS) on Windows 7 Ultimate

  - by TiD91

  i also read this discussion here How to disable Tcp/Ip settings in windows 7 via GPO? about what i want to do but i still have problems. So here i am: i have a desktop pc with two accounts, both with Administrative rights. One is used by the entire my family, in particular by my brother. The problem is that i set some DNS and IP configurations to let be possible the VNC connection from remote. Now i would like to disable the network settings (TCP/IP and DNS) to prohibit my brother to change it preventing me to connect to it. So how can i do this? I set the policies from GPO but i still can change these settings from his account. Here's a pic of Registry Keys: http://imageshack.us/a/img339/3310/famigliapc2012092017274.png what didn't i do? Thanks in advance for your help. Rub|TiD

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• VMWare - Windows XP guest licensing

  - by jcooper

  Hi, If I have a VMWare ESXi server with 4 Windows XP guests running on it, I understand that I need a separate license for each guest. Is there a way to simplify license compliance on these VMs? For example, I want to create a master VM image and boot it 4 times. By default those 4 VMs will have the same Windows activation key installed. Is there a simple solution for this? Or is it ok to do what I've described above provided I have 4 unique license keys on hand in case of audit? thanks!

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• Lenovo G500 Re-booting failed

  - by Sune

  I have a Lenovo G500. Yesterday it asked me to reboot the system. I did. Now it wont come back on. I have tried everything I read online like taking out the battery and holding the power button in for 20 seconds, then switching on the pc with only the ac adapter plugged in. I still only see the backlight of the pc, nothing else. I also tried to hold in the Fn key and tried all other F keys (F2, F12, etc.) I also pressed that little button next to the power button, but nothing is responding. Please help.

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• How can I tell how many bits my ssh key is?

  - by yairchu

  I already created an ssh key for myself sometime in the past. I don't remember "how many bits" it is. How can I tell? I'm wondering because I'm using hosting at nearlyfreespeech.net and their faq says: Can I configure my ssh connection to use a public key? ... we will not install keys that have a length less than 1536 bits ... We prefer that you use a key at least 2048 bits in length, and if you are generating a new key, the recommended length is 4096 bits.

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• Startech SVx41HDI Series Server Remote Control Usage Question - How do I switch away from a dead por

  - by tajh

  We have a Startech KVM over IP model SV841HDI and it was stuck pointing a port where the machine has been removed. We ended up having to physically plug something into that port in order to switch ports again, meaning that if someone in support accidentally switches to an empty port, we need to have a documented solution for making it useable again. The unit is old, no longer under warranty, firmware updates for it are no longer available (interestingly it runs a powerPC version of busybox). Since it does work well except for this one catch, we would like to avoid replacing it. Reading the manual, you have a several recommended methods. I tried them. Hit the left CTRL key a few times (as well as all the other popular KVM keys I could think of). The VNC GUI offers lots of buttons - none of them switch away from a dead port. The question is: how do I switch away from a dead port on this particular KVM remotely?

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• How to set the laptop screen brightness programatically?

  - by zls

  I'm currently migrating to openbox without gnome session. In unity i can use the vendor keys to set the screen brightness, but in openbox I'm on my own. /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness works fine, the problem is that I need sudo to set the brightness and that wouldn't work with keyboard mappings. xbacklight -get/set doesn't do or output anything. I don't really want to use xrandr --brightness. Are there any other options or a way to fix the problems with xbacklight or acpi_video0 ?

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• When I type certain characters, they come out as backquotes

  - by JXG

  Very strange behavior. Some background: I bought a new lenovo G550 laptop, running Windows 7. I live in Israel. When I type certain keys, in any application, they are prefaced with the backquote (`). These characters are: Insert, Delete, Left Ctrl (the right-hand one is fine), - (the regular dash: the one on the keypad is fine), =, 5 (the regular one), 4 (the one on the numeric keypad, whether or not Num Lock is on), and PgDn (the regular one). When I press the Fn key with these I don't get the behavior. Does anyone know why this is happening, or how I can fix it?

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• Gentoo+urxvt+terminus: How do I change font version?

  - by gaidal

  In my Debian installation I can type extended ASCII characters such as åäö by default using the terminus font, however in Gentoo I can't get it to work so far. Nothing happens when I hit those keys, like in this thread: Missing glyphs in Terminus font, how to setup a fallback font ? But in this case I know terminus supports those characters in at least some of its versions, since it's works in Debian. So what I want is to find out how to see and choose which of the many different terminus font files is being used. I set the font in the same way on both Debian and Gentoo, using URxvt*font: xft:terminus:size=xx in .Xdefaults. Both systems use en_US.UTF-8 as default locale.

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• How to map Ctrl + ',' to greater key( '>') or Ctrl + '.' to less key( '<' ) using xmodmap?

  - by Maxrunner

  So im trying to creating a combination of keys to generate the ISO key for Portuguese layout, the key in question is the <, pressing it normally will generate the '<' character, pressing + shift will generate the ' ' character. So i'm trying to create a combination while using xmodmap, and i want this to work for all programs.I've been searching on Google and came up with this example for Control + P = Up: Control + p = Up arrow example The example for that behaviour is: xmodmap -e "keycode 33 = p P Up" keycode 33 matches the p key, so where does control comes up in that command? regards,

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• Issues trying to download Windows 8.1 using official downloader

  - by Aviral Singh

  I had been trying to download Windows 8.1 ISO from the last 3-4 days but a silly issue is preventing me to download it.As many posts over the internet explain,I tried to use generic keys to download(as I don't have Windows 8),but the installer always shows "We can't connect right now,please check you internet connection.".Isn't it silly?,I have a working internet connection.No matter whatever key I use it always ends at this message.I've tried every single generic key,and almost every key was accepted by the installer as valid,but then the message. Can anyone please explain why is this happening and any workarounds ?

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• Run totally silent rsync?

  - by jackr

  I have a cronjob that runs hourly, and is totally silent unless something goes wrong. Well ... almost ... A part of the job is rsync --del -Cacqrz public/. [email protected]:/target/path This always prints "logged in". How can I make it stop? (Short of 'grep -v' ;-) I don't get the "logged in" message if I do things like ssh [email protected] ls The transport is, of course, ssh (using keys). Source host is either OSX or Ubuntu (tried both, same behavior). Target host is Linux of some flavor.

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• Windows XP freezes completely

  - by Max

  Lately my Win XP SP3 started to make problems. From time to time it freezes completely. Which means that the system does not react to mouse and keyboard. Keyboard led indicators also do not react to CAPS-, SCROLL-, NUM- LOCK keys. The problem is that I don't understand what causes this behavior and it seems to happen randomly. System event log also does not contain any clues. I'm thinking this could be some driver/hardware problem, but I don't know which. Are there any tools that would help me figure out the cause of this problem? Does anybody have any clue how can I fix this?

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• Controlling access to my API using SSH public key (not SSL)

  - by tharrison

  I have the challenge of implementing an API to be consumed by relatively non-technical clients -- pasting some sample code into their WordPress or homegrown PHP site is probably as much as we can ask. Asking them to install SSL on their servers ain't happening. So I am seeking a simple yet secure way to authenticate API clients. OAuth is the obvious solution, but I don't think it passes the "simple" test. Adding a client id and hashed secret as a parameter to the requests is closer -- it's not hard to do md5($secret . $client_id) or whatever the php would be. It seems to me that if client requests could use the same approach as SSH public keys (client gives us a key from their server(s) there should be some existing magic to make all of the subsequent transactions transparently work just as regular HTTP API requests. I am still working this out (obviously :-), so if I am being an idiot, it would be nice to know why. Thanks!

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• how to make solaris more friendly for a linux user

  - by user10015

  Hi there, I've been a linux user for years. Very used to the bash shell, used to linux shell key mappings that come with most mainstream distros. I'm also a happy vim user in linux & love my arrow keys. Just started a job where 90% of the systems are solaris & the default shell for administrators is ksh. The key mappings, things like autocomplete & history not working they way they should and is driving me insane. I've been told that i can change solaris bash, but it still doesn't feel like linux. How do I make things run they way I'm used to? Can someone please put me in the right direction.

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• Gentoo+urxvt+terminus: How do I change font version?

  - by gaidal

  In my Debian installation I can type extended ASCII characters such as åäö by default using the terminus font, however in Gentoo I can't get it to work so far. Nothing happens when I hit those keys, like in this thread: Missing glyphs in Terminus font, how to setup a fallback font ? But in this case I know terminus supports those characters in at least some of its versions, since it's works in Debian. So what I want is to find out how to see and choose which of the many different terminus font files is being used. I set the font in the same way on both Debian and Gentoo, using URxvt*font: xft:terminus:size=xx in .Xdefaults. Both systems use en_US.UTF-8 as default locale.

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• How can I avoid hard-coding YubiKey user identities into the PAM stack?

  - by CodeGnome

  The Yubico PAM Module seems to require changes to the PAM stack for each user that will be authenticated with a YubiKey. Specifically, it seems that each user's client identity must be added to the right PAM configuration file before the user can be authenticated. While it makes sense to add authorized keys to an authentication database such as /etc/yubikey_mappings or ~/.yubico/authorized_yubikeys, it seems like a bad practice to have to edit the PAM stack itself for each individual user. I would definitely like to avoid having to hard-code user identities into the PAM stack this way. So, is it possible to avoid hard-coding the id parameter to the pam_yubico.so module itself? If not, are there any other PAM modules that can leverage YubiKey authentication without hard-coding the stack?

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• Accessing to shared folders with OpenVPN

  - by Ergec

  This is my first attempt to configure a vpn so I have very little knowledge about this. Network where centos server is having local IPs 192.168.123.* Network where windows machine is having local IPs 192.168.1.* I installed and configured my openpvn server on centos 5 and client on a windows machine. Generated all keys, certificates e.t.c and transferred them to client and I'm able to connect to server. Below there is a screenshot of the client log. Also on server side I can also see incoming packets with this command tcpdump -n port 1723 So I assume I did most of the things correct. But still when I try to open shared folders using \\192.168.123.33 or \\network-name I can't access folders

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• Linux- passwordless ssh from system (root) script

  - by redmoskito

  What's the easiest way to have a system script (running as root) execute remote commands over ssh? I've written some scripts that execute commands remotely via ssh, and they work great when I run them as myself, as I've set up ssh-agent and keys for passwordless login. I'd like to call these when my laptop docks and undocks. I've been successful at running arbitrary scripts when docking/undocking, but since the ACPI event scripts run as root, trying to run my ssh script fails during authentication. I tried using sudo with the -u and -i flags to simulate running the script as my user, e.g.: sudo -u redmoskito -i /home/redmoskito/bin/remote_command which successfully finds my private key and tries to use it, but the ssh-agent credentials are still missing, so it still needs my passphrase.

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• How can I use sudo when I logged in with a SSH key in PuTTY?

  - by Alex

  I know the title probably doesn't even make sense, but anyway. I downloaded PuTTY and set it up, and followed this tutorial to set up SSH keys so I don't have to input a user or password when logging in with SSH. I noticed that when I made a new user I used the --disabled-password parameter, since I wouldn't be needing it... but now when I give the user sudo powers I can't proceed as it asks me for the user's password, and I don't have one. What do I do?

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• Intercepting LAN network traffic via WiFi

  - by user1613655

  Let's get straight to the point. This is my fictive network architecture: My question is: Would it be possible for Laptop B to intercept traffic sent and received by Laptop A? Please note that B only has WiFi access and no physical control over Router B. Furthermore, Router A and B create different wireless networks with different encryption keys. If both shared the same wireless network or Laptop B had LAN-access to Router B, the answer would be trivial, but I'm not sure how the answer turns out in this scenario :-/ Thanks for your valuable help!

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