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• PIN request at each login after update to Maverick

  - by Giacomo Verticale

  I have a netbook with included 3G mobile broadband card (Huawei E620). I have configured the broadband network connection in the Network Manager and it works perfectly. However since Maverick upgrade, a window appears just after login I asking for the SIMcard PIN. This happens every time I log in and did not happen with Lucid. Note that the PIN is stored in the configuration of the mobile broadband connection and Lucid was satisfied with that. Is there a way to prevent this request or, at least, to have the system rember the PIN and stop ansking for it? If it may be useful, the broadband network connection is configured as not being available for other users. Also, I would like to keep the SIMcard asking for the PIN; only I do not want to insert it manually at login.

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 14 &ndash; Insuring Integrity &amp; Availability

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Identify the characteristics of a network that keep data safe from loss or damage Protect an enterprise-wide network from viruses Explain network and system level fault tolerance techniques Discuss issues related to network backup and recovery strategies Describe the components of a useful disaster recovery plan and the options for disaster contingencies What are integrity and availability? Integrity – the soundness of a networks programs, data, services, devices, and connections Availability – How consistently and reliably a file or system can be accessed by authorized personnel A number of phenomena can compromise both integrity and availability including… security breaches natural disasters malicious intruders power flaws human error users etc Although you cannot predict every type of vulnerability, you can take measures to guard against the most damaging events. The following are some guidelines… Allow only network administrators to create or modify NOS and application system users. Monitor the network for unauthorized access or changes Record authorized system changes in a change management system’ Install redundant components Perform regular health checks on the network Check system performance, error logs, and the system log book regularly Keep backups Implement and enforce security and disaster recovery policies These are just some of the basics… Malware Malware refers to any program or piece of code designed to intrude upon or harm a system or its resources. Types of Malware… Boot sector viruses Macro viruses File infector viruses Worms Trojan Horse Network Viruses Bots Malware characteristics Some common characteristics of Malware include… Encryption Stealth Polymorphism Time dependence Malware Protection There are various tools available to protect you from malware called anti-malware software. These monitor your system for indications that a program is performing potential malware operations. A number of techniques are used to detect malware including… Signature Scanning Integrity Checking Monitoring unexpected file changes or virus like behaviours It is important to decide where anti-malware tools will be installed and find a balance between performance and protection. There are several general purpose malware policies that can be implemented to protect your network including… Every compute in an organization should be equipped with malware detection and cleaning software that regularly runs Users should not be allowed to alter or disable the anti-malware software Users should know what to do in case the anti-malware program detects a malware virus Users should be prohibited from installing any unauthorized software on their systems System wide alerts should be issued to network users notifying them if a serious malware virus has been detected. Fault Tolerance Besides guarding against malware, another key factor in maintaining the availability and integrity of data is fault tolerance. Fault tolerance is the ability for a system to continue performing despite an unexpected hardware or software malfunction. Fault tolerance can be realized in varying degrees, the optimal level of fault tolerance for a system depends on how critical its services and files are to productivity. Generally the more fault tolerant the system, the more expensive it is. The following describe some of the areas that need to be considered for fault tolerance. Environment (Temperature and humidity) Power Topology and Connectivity Servers Storage Power Typical power flaws include Surges – a brief increase in voltage due to lightening strikes, solar flares or some idiot at City Power Noise – Fluctuation in voltage levels caused by other devices on the network or electromagnetic interference Brownout – A sag in voltage for just a moment Blackout – A complete power loss The are various alternate power sources to consider including UPS’s and Generators. UPS’s are found in two categories… Standby UPS – provides continuous power when mains goes down (brief period of switching over) Online UPS – is online all the time and the device receives power from the UPS all the time (the UPS is charged continuously) Servers There are various techniques for fault tolerance with servers. Server mirroring is an option where one device or component duplicates the activities of another. It is generally an expensive process. Clustering is a fault tolerance technique that links multiple servers together to appear as a single server. They share processing and storage responsibilities and if one unit in the cluster goes down, another unit can be brought in to replace it. Storage There are various techniques available including the following… RAID Arrays NAS (Storage (Network Attached Storage) SANs (Storage Area Networks) Data Backup A backup is a copy of data or program files created for archiving or safekeeping. Many different options for backups exist with various media including… These vary in cost and speed. Optical Media Tape Backup External Disk Drives Network Backups Backup Strategy After selecting the appropriate tool for performing your servers backup, devise a backup strategy to guide you through performing reliable backups that provide maximum data protection. Questions that should be answered include… What data must be backed up At what time of day or night will the backups occur How will you verify the accuracy of the backups Where and for how long will backup media be stored Who will take responsibility for ensuring that backups occurred How long will you save backups Where will backup and recovery documentation be stored Different backup methods provide varying levels of certainty and corresponding labour cost. There are also different ways to determine which files should be backed up including… Full backup – all data on all servers is copied to storage media Incremental backup – Only data that has changed since the last full or incremental backup is copied to a storage medium Differential backup – Only data that has changed since the last backup is coped to a storage medium Disaster Recovery Disaster recovery is the process of restoring your critical functionality and data after an enterprise wide outage has occurred. A disaster recovery plan is for extreme scenarios (i.e. fire, line fault, etc). A cold site is a place were the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exist but they are not appropriately configured. A warm site is a place where the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exists with some appropriately configured devices. A hot site is a place where the computers, devices, and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exists and all are appropriately configured.

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• Northwind now available on SQL Azure

  - by jamiet

  Two weeks ago I made available a copy of [AdventureWorks2012] on SQL Azure and published credentials so that anyone from the SQL community could connect up and experience SQL Azure, probably for the first time. One of the (somewhat) popular requests thereafter was to make the venerable Northwind database available too so I am pleased to say that as of right now, Northwind is up there too. You will notice immediately that all of the Northwind tables (and the stored procedures and views too) have been moved into a schema called [Northwind] – this was so that they could be easily differentiated from the existing [AdventureWorks2012] objects. I used an SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT) project to publish the schema and data up to this SQL Azure database; if you are at all interested in poking around that SSDT project then I have made it available on Codeplex for your convenience under the MS-PL license – go and get it from https://northwindssdt.codeplex.com/. Using SSDT proved particularly useful as it alerted me to some aspects of Northwind that were not compatible with SQL Azure, namely that five of the tables did not have clustered indexes: The beauty of using SSDT is that I am alerted to these issues before I even attempt a connection to SQL Azure. Pretty cool, no? Fixing this situation was of course very easy, I simply changed the following primary keys from being nonclustered to clustered: [PK_Region] [PK_CustomerDemographics] [PK_EmployeeTerritories] [PK_Territories] [PK_CustomerCustomerDemo]   If you want to connect up then here are the credentials that you will need: Server mhknbn2kdz.database.windows.net Database AdventureWorks2012 User sqlfamily Password sqlf@m1ly You will need SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) 2008R2 installed in order to connect or alternatively simply use this handy website: https://mhknbn2kdz.database.windows.net which provides a web interface to a SQL Azure server. Do remember that hosting this database is not free so if you find that you are making use of it please help to keep it available by visiting Paypal and donating any amount at all to [email protected]. To make this easy you can simply hit this link and the details will be completed for you – all you have to do is login and hit the “Send” button. If you are already a PayPal member then it should take you all of about 20 seconds! I hope this is useful to some of you folks out there. Don’t forget that we also have more data up there than in the conventional [AdventureWorks2012], read more at Big AdventureWorks2012. @Jamiet  AdventureWorks on Azure - Provided by the SQL Server community, for the SQL Server community!

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• Using Transaction Logging to Recover Post-Archived Essbase data

  - by Keith Rosenthal

  Data recovery is typically performed by restoring data from an archive.  Data added or removed since the last archive took place can also be recovered by enabling transaction logging in Essbase.  Transaction logging works by writing transactions to a log store.  The information in the log store can then be recovered by replaying the log store entries in sequence since the last archive took place.  The following information is recorded within a transaction log entry: Sequence ID Username Start Time End Time Request Type A request type can be one of the following categories: Calculations, including the default calculation as well as both server and client side calculations Data loads, including data imports as well as data loaded using a load rule Data clears as well as outline resets Locking and sending data from SmartView and the Spreadsheet Add-In.  Changes from Planning web forms are also tracked since a lock and send operation occurs during this process. You can use the Display Transactions command in the EAS console or the query database MAXL command to view the transaction log entries. Enabling Transaction Logging Transaction logging can be enabled at the Essbase server, application or database level by adding the TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION essbase.cfg setting.  The following is the TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION syntax: TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION [appname [dbname]] LOGLOCATION NATIVE ENABLE | DISABLE Note that you can have multiple TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION entries in the essbase.cfg file.  For example: TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION Hyperion/trlog NATIVE ENABLE TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION Sample Hyperion/trlog NATIVE DISABLE The first statement will enable transaction logging for all Essbase applications, and the second statement will disable transaction logging for the Sample application.  As a result, transaction logging will be enabled for all applications except the Sample application. A location on a physical disk other than the disk where ARBORPATH or the disk files reside is recommended to optimize overall Essbase performance. Configuring Transaction Log Replay Although transaction log entries are stored based on the LOGLOCATION parameter of the TRANSACTIONLOGLOCATION essbase.cfg setting, copies of data load and rules files are stored in the ARBORPATH/app/appname/dbname/Replay directory to optimize the performance of replaying logged transactions.  The default is to archive client data loads, but this configuration setting can be used to archive server data loads (including SQL server data loads) or both client and server data loads. To change the type of data to be archived, add the TRANSACTIONLOGDATALOADARCHIVE configuration setting to the essbase.cfg file.  Note that you can have multiple TRANSACTIONLOGDATALOADARCHIVE entries in the essbase.cfg file to adjust settings for individual applications and databases. Replaying the Transaction Log and Transaction Log Security Considerations To replay the transactions, use either the Replay Transactions command in the EAS console or the alter database MAXL command using the replay transactions grammar.  Transactions can be replayed either after a specified log time or using a range of transaction sequence IDs. The default when replaying transactions is to use the security settings of the user who originally performed the transaction.  However, if that user no longer exists or that user's username was changed, the replay operation will fail. Instead of using the default security setting, add the REPLAYSECURITYOPTION essbase.cfg setting to use the security settings of the administrator who performs the replay operation.  REPLAYSECURITYOPTION 2 will explicitly use the security settings of the administrator performing the replay operation.  REPLAYSECURITYOPTION 3 will use the administrator security settings if the original user’s security settings cannot be used. Removing Transaction Logs and Archived Replay Data Load and Rules Files Transaction logs and archived replay data load and rules files are not automatically removed and are only removed manually.  Since these files can consume a considerable amount of space, the files should be removed on a periodic basis. The transaction logs should be removed one database at a time instead of all databases simultaneously.  The data load and rules files associated with the replayed transactions should be removed in chronological order from earliest to latest.  In addition, do not remove any data load and rules files with a timestamp later than the timestamp of the most recent archive file. Partitioned Database Considerations For partitioned databases, partition commands such as synchronization commands cannot be replayed.  When recovering data, the partition changes must be replayed manually and logged transactions must be replayed in the correct chronological order. If the partitioned database includes any @XREF commands in the calc script, the logged transactions must be selectively replayed in the correct chronological order between the source and target databases. References For additional information, please see the Oracle EPM System Backup and Recovery Guide.  For EPM 11.1.2.2, the link is http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17236_01/epm.1112/epm_backup_recovery_1112200.pdf

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• How to apply a changelog file to packages in a PPA when building from recipe?

  - by rafalcieslak

  When my package gets build by launchpad using a recipe, it ignores the ./debian/changelog file I provide, and it generates a useless one, like following: harmonyseq (0.14~natty1) maverick; urgency=low * Auto build. -- Rafal Cieslak <[email protected]> Tue, 25 Jan 2011 16:56:57 +0000 It would be much better if launchpad stored the list of changes I prepared in the changelog file, rather than just putting there "Auto build". How do I force launchpad to use the list of changes from my changelog file, when building packages from a recipe?

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• Where to store shaders

  - by Mark Ingram

  I have an OpenGL renderer which has a Scene member variable. The Scene object can contain N SceneObjects. I use these SceneObjects for storing the vertex position and any transforms. My question is, where should shaders be stored in this arrangement? I guess they need to be in a central location because multiple objects can use the same shader. But then each object needs access to the shader because it needs to set attributes into the shader. Does anyone have any advice?

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• Calculate an AABB for bone animated model

  - by Byte56

  I have a model that has its initial bounding box calculated by finding the maximum and minimum on the x, y and z axes. Producing a correct result like so: The vertices are then stored in a VBO and only altered with matrices for rotation and bone animation. Currently the bounds are not updated when the model is altered. So the animated and rotated model has bounds like so: (Maybe it's hard to tell, but the bounds are the same as before, and don't accurately represent the rotated/animated model) So my question is, how can I calculate the bounding box using the armature matrices and rotation/translation matrices for each model? Keep in mind the modified vertex data is not available because those calculations are performed on the GPU in the shader. The end result I want is to have an accurate AABB the represents the animated model for picking/basic collision checks.

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• Where are bluetooth received files saved

  - by Luis Alvarado

  I have used Blueman and the default Bluetooth manager an every time I accept the file transfer from the Phone to the PC, it shows that it is transferring and even notifies me that the transfer was successful but I can not find the image anywhere. Where are files stored after sending them via Bluetooth to the PC? I already checked my Home folder. The Picture folder which I thought it would be the one for images. Then the document folder and afterwards I did a huge check on all folders under /home. No luck. Is nowhere. I even checked this answer with no luck.

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• 2D object-aligned bounding-box intersection test

  - by AshleysBrain

  Hi all, I have two object-aligned bounding boxes (i.e. not axis aligned, they rotate with the object). I'd like to know if two object-aligned boxes overlap. (Edit: note - I'm using an axis-aligned bounding box test to quickly discard distant objects, so it doesn't matter if the quad routine is a little slower.) My boxes are stored as four x,y points. I've searched around for answers, but I can't make sense of the variable names and algorithms in examples to apply them to my particular case. Can someone help show me how this would be done, in a clear and simple way? Thanks. (The particular language isn't important, C-style pseudo code is OK.)

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• WebLogic not reading boot.properties 11.1.1.x

  - by James Taylor

  In WebLogic 11.1.1.1 the boot.properties file was stored in the $MW_HOME/user_projects/domains/[domain] directory. It would be read at startup and there would be no requirement to enter username and password. In later releases the location has changed to $MW_HOME/user_projects/domains/[domain]/servers/[managed_server]/security In most instances you will need to create the security directory If you want to specify a custom directory add the following to the startup scripts for the server. -Dweblogic.system.BootIdentityFile=[loc]/boot.properties create a boot.properties file using the following entry username=<adminuser> password=<password>

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• Recover personal PGP key from old home

  - by Oli

  Many lives ago, I created a GPG key to sign the Ubuntu Code of Conduct on Launchpad. I haven't really used it since. Some time later, I backed up my home and started fresh. That was all back in 2009. I still have the backup but now I'm starting to play around with Quickly and upload things to Launchpad, I could really do with having my PGP key back. I don't really know how the key is organised or where it's stored, but I'd like to recover my old key rather than generate a new one. Any idea where to start?

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• Caching of toolbar names in ArcMap

  - by Marko Apfel

  For little GUI-changes in own ArcMap-customizations normally it is enough to start the application and look that every entry is visible. Especially for refactoring of an own toolbar it was still enough to verify that the toolbar is already shown in the choice-list. But this is a fallacy: the entries there comes from a cache. You could verify this by dumping informations in the toolbar constructor. The constructor is only called if the toolbar is activated! Otherwise you see the toolbar name, but this name comes out of a cache. The cache is stored in the registry under: HKCU\Software\ESRI\ArcMap\Settings\CommandBarNameCache

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• T-SQL User-Defined Functions: the good, the bad, and the ugly (part 1)

  - by Hugo Kornelis

  So you thought that encapsulating code in user-defined functions for easy reuse is a good idea? Think again! SQL Server supports three types of user-defined functions. Only one of them qualifies as good. The other two – well, the title says it all, doesn’t it? The bad: scalar functions A scalar user-defined function (UDF) is very much like a stored procedure, except that it always returns a single value of a predefined data type – and because of that property, it isn’t invoked with an EXECUTE statement,...(read more)

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• Are There Realistic/Useful Solutions for Source Control for Ladder Logic Programs

  - by Steven A. Lowe

  Version control for ladder logic (LL) programs for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) seems to be virtually non-existent. It may be because LL is a visual language and tends to be stored in binary files, or it may be because source code control hasn't "caught on" in process control engineering circles - or perhaps my Google-Fu is weak tonight. Do you know of any realistic and useful solutions for version control for such systems? Definitions: realistic = changes to the programs are tracked by user and subject to reversion and merges useful = the system integrates with visual LL designers, is not limited to LL from a single PLC manufacturer, and does not cost a ridiculous amount of money? Note: I have heard of people using SVN or Mercurial et al to track the binary files, but I don't think the diff/merge capabilities would display readable differences.

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• Emacs editor copy and deletion

  - by Null pointer

  I am a huge fan of emacs.. But even after 1 year of practising on emacs I am unable to solve these three annoying issues about emacs please help me! 1.Whenever I want to copy the content from emacs into other things such as a website textarea I have to use GUI copy button because ctrl+w doesn't work. Is there any way to do this from emacs-command line. 2.Whenever I delete something using ctrl+shft+SPC or ctrl+k etc I don't want it to be stored in kill ring how do I do it(I know ctrl+D does this but it deletes only one char at a time)? 3.Whenever I select text by mouse and press backspace then text goes into kill ring(Which I want to change as mentioned) but same doesn't happen when I select text with ctrl+SPC(set mark) and then ctrl+f/ctrl+b etc. Please help me! Thanks in Advanced!

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• Cisco VPN connection using CertStore as in Windows

  - by hsz

  Hello ! In Windows I was using Cisco VPN client to connect with VPN. In connection properties I set only hostname and choose certificate which are stored in C:\Program Files\Cisco Systems\VPN Client\Certificates. I moved yesterday to Ubuntu and I need to be able to connect with that host using those certificates too. I know that there is vpnc and network-manager-vpnc but it not allows (or I do not know about it) to set cerificates dir. Can someone tell me how to connect with VPN using certificates ?

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• What's the best way to manage list item sort order with Drag & Drop UI?

  - by Reddy S R

  I have a list of Students that I should display to user on a web page in tabular format. The items are stored in DB along with SortOrder information. On the web page, user can rearrange the list order by dragging and dropping the items to their desired sort order, similar to this post. Below is a screenshot of my test page. In the above example, each row has sort order info attached to it. When I drop John Doe (Student Id 10) above the Student Id 1 row, the list order should now be: 2, 10, 1, 8, 11. What's the optimistic (less resource hungry) way to store and update Sort Order information? My only idea for now is, for every change in the list's sort order, every object's SortOrder value should be updated, which in my opinion is very resource hungry. Just FYI: I might have at most 25 rows in my table.

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• Partitioning tutorial - new features in Oracle Database 12c

  - by KLaker

  For data warehousing projects Oracle Partitioning really is a must-have feature because it delivers so many important benefits such as: Dramatically improves query performance and speeds up database maintenance operations Lowers costs by enabling a tiered storage approach that allows data to be stored on the most cost-effective storage for better resource utilisation Combined with Oracle Advanced Compression, it provides an automated approach to information lifecycle management using a simple, efficient, yet powerful way to manage data growth and reduce complexity and costs To help you get the most from partitioning we have released a new tutorial that covers the 12c new features. Topics include how to: Use Interval Reference Partitioning Perform Cascading TRUNCATE and EXCHANGE Operations Move Partitions Online Maintain Multiple Partitions Maintain Global Indexes Asynchronously Use Partial Indexes For more information about this tutorial follow this link to the Oracle Learning Library: http://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:24:0::NO:24:P24_CONTENT_ID,P24_PREV_PAGE:8408,2 where you can begin your tutorial right now! For more information about Oracle Partitioning visit our home page on OTN: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/bi-datawarehousing/dbbi-tech-info-part-100980.html

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• Naming: objectAction or actionObject?

  - by DocSalvage

  The question, Stored procedure Naming conventions?, and Joel's excellent Making Wrong Code Look Wrong article come closest to addressing my question, but I'm looking for a more general set of criteria to use in deciding how to name modules containing code (classes, objects, methods, functions, widgets, or whatever). English (my only human language) is structured as action-object (i.e closeFile, openFile, saveFile) and since almost all computer languages are based on English, this is the most common convention. However, in trying to keep related code close together and still be able to find things, I've found object-action (i.e. fileClose, fileOpen, fileSave) to be very attractive. Quite a number of non-English human languages follow this structure as well. I doubt that one form is universally superior, but when should each be used in the pursuit of helping to make sure bad code looks bad?

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• Boot from Ubuntu ISO on a hfsplus partition (macbook pro)

  - by user279771

  I would like to be able to boot from an ISO stored on an HFS+ partition (the main partition on my macbook pro). Here is what I've done so far: (writing in shorthand :D) grub> insmod hfs,hfsplus,loopback,part_gpt grub> loopback loop (hd0,gpt2)/location/to/img.io grub> configfile (loop)/boot/grub/loopback.cfg ... This does not work. tab-complete of the (loop) path does not work... However, this does work (tab-complete and all) if the iso comes from my ext3 partition. For particular reasons, I can't have the iso images on the ext3 partition, they need to be kept on the hfs+ partition. What should be done?

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• why is emacs allowing multiple instances?

  - by Chad

  Around the time I fresh installed Ubuntu 12.04, I noticed that I can start multiple instances of Emacs. I find this annoying because I will think that a buffer should be open, but I'm in the wrong Emacs window. I may have changed something in .emacs, but I really don't think I did. I also reverted all of my customizations that are stored in ~/.emacs.d/custom.el. Emacs previously would give some error about another emacs server being open when I would attempt to start an additional instance of it, but it no longer does this. Any ideas on how to restore this behavior?

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• File system implementation in MongoDB with GridFS

  - by Ralph

  I am working on two projects that will both implement a Webdav server backed by a MongoDB GridFS. In each case, there is the potential for the system to store tens of millions of files spread across thousands of hierarchical directories. I can come up with two different ways of storing the directory structure: As a "true" hierarchical file system, with directories containing the IDs (_id) of subdirectories and regular files. The paths will be separated by slashes (/) as in a POSIX-compliant file system. The path /a/b/c will be represented as a directory a containing a directory b containing a file c. As a flat file system, where file names include the slashes. The path /a/b/c will be stored as a single file with the name /a/b/c What are the advantages and disadvantages of each, with respect to a "real" folder-based file system?

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• Alternatives to NSMutableArray for storing 2D grid - iOS Cocos2d

  - by SundayMonday

  I'm creating a grid-based iOS game using Cocos2d. Currently the grid is stored in an NSMutableArray that contains other NSMutableArrays (the latter are rows in the grid). This works ok and performance so far is pretty good. However the syntax feels bulky and the indexing isn't very elegant (using CGPoints, would prefer integer indices). I'm looking for an alternative. What are some alternatives data structures for 2D arrays in this situation? In my game it's very common to add and remove rows from the bottom of the grid. So the grid might start off 10x10, grow to 17x10, shrink to 8x10 and then finally end with 2x10. Note the column count is constant. I've consider using a vector<vector<Object*>>. Also I'm vaguely aware of some type of "fast array" or similar offered by Cocos2d. I'd just like to learn about best practices from other developers!

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• Nearest color algorithm using Hex Triplet

  - by Lijo

  Following page list colors with names http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colors. For example #5D8AA8 Hex Triplet is "Air Force Blue". This information will be stored in a databse table (tbl_Color (HexTriplet,ColorName)) in my system Suppose I created a color with #5D8AA7 Hex Triplet. I need to get the nearest color available in the tbl_Color table. The expected anaser is "#5D8AA8 - Air Force Blue". This is because #5D8AA8 is the nearest color for #5D8AA7. Do we have any algorithm for finding the nearest color? How to write it using C# / Java? REFERENCE http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5440051/algorithm-for-parsing-hex-into-color-family http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6130621/algorithm-for-finding-the-color-between-two-others-in-the-colorspace-of-painte Suggested Formula: Suggested by @user281377. Choose the color where the sum of those squared differences is minimal (Square(Red(source)-Red(target))) + (Square(Green(source)-Green(target))) +(Square(Blue(source)-Blue(target)))

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• Data management in unexpected places

  - by Ashok_Ora

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Data management in unexpected places When you think of network switches, routers, firewall appliances, etc., it may not be obvious that at the heart of these kinds of solutions is an engine that can manage huge amounts of data at very high throughput with low latencies and high availability. Consider a network router that is processing tens (or hundreds) of thousands of network packets per second. So what really happens inside a router? Packets are streaming in at the rate of tens of thousands per second. Each packet has multiple attributes, for example, a destination, associated SLAs etc. For each packet, the router has to determine the address of the next “hop” to the destination; it has to determine how to prioritize this packet. If it’s a high priority packet, then it has to be sent on its way before lower priority packets. As a consequence of prioritizing high priority packets, lower priority data packets may need to be temporarily stored (held back), but addressed fairly. If there are security or privacy requirements associated with the data packet, those have to be enforced. You probably need to keep track of statistics related to the packets processed (someone’s sure to ask). You have to do all this (and more) while preserving high availability i.e. if one of the processors in the router goes down, you have to have a way to continue processing without interruption (the customer won’t be happy with a “choppy” VoIP conversation, right?). And all this has to be achieved without ANY intervention from a human operator – the router is most likely to be in a remote location – it must JUST CONTINUE TO WORK CORRECTLY, even when bad things happen. How is this implemented? As soon as a packet arrives, it is interpreted by the receiving software. The software decodes the packet headers in order to determine the destination, kind of packet (e.g. voice vs. data), SLAs associated with the “owner” of the packet etc. It looks up the internal database of “rules” of how to process this packet and handles the packet accordingly. The software might choose to hold on to the packet safely for some period of time, if it’s a low priority packet. Ah – this sounds very much like a database problem. For each packet, you have to minimally · Look up the most efficient next “hop” towards the destination. The “most efficient” next hop can change, depending on latency, availability etc. · Look up the SLA and determine the priority of this packet (e.g. voice calls get priority over data ftp) · Look up security information associated with this data packet. It may be necessary to retrieve the context for this network packet since a network packet is a small “slice” of a session. The context for the “header” packet needs to be stored in the router, in order to make this work. · If the priority of the packet is low, then “store” the packet temporarily in the router until it is time to forward the packet to the next hop. · Update various statistics about the packet. In most cases, you have to do all this in the context of a single transaction. For example, you want to look up the forwarding address and perform the “send” in a single transaction so that the forwarding address doesn’t change while you’re sending the packet. So, how do you do all this? Berkeley DB is a proven, reliable, high performance, highly available embeddable database, designed for exactly these kinds of usage scenarios. Berkeley DB is a robust, reliable, proven solution that is currently being used in these scenarios. First and foremost, Berkeley DB (or BDB for short) is very very fast. It can process tens or hundreds of thousands of transactions per second. It can be used as a pure in-memory database, or as a disk-persistent database. BDB provides high availability – if one board in the router fails, the system can automatically failover to another board – no manual intervention required. BDB is self-administering – there’s no need for manual intervention in order to maintain a BDB application. No need to send a technician to a remote site in the middle of nowhere on a freezing winter day to perform maintenance operations. BDB is used in over 200 million deployments worldwide for the past two decades for mission-critical applications such as the one described here. You have a choice of spending valuable resources to implement similar functionality, or, you could simply embed BDB in your application and off you go! I know what I’d do – choose BDB, so I can focus on my business problem. What will you do? /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

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