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  • Generalizing Fibonacci sequence with SICStus Prolog

    - by Christophe Herreman
    I'm trying to find a solution for a query on a generalized Fibonacci sequence (GFS). The query is: are there any GFS that have 885 as their 12th number? The initial 2 numbers may be restricted between 1 and 10. I already found the solution to find the Nth number in a sequence that starts at (1, 1) in which I explicitly define the initial numbers. Here is what I have for this: fib(1, 1). fib(2, 1). fib(N, X) :- N #> 1, Nmin1 #= N - 1, Nmin2 #= N - 2, fib(Nmin1, Xmin1), fib(Nmin2, Xmin2), X #= Xmin1 + Xmin2. For the query mentioned I thought the following would do the trick, in which I reuse the fib method without defining the initial numbers explicitly since this now needs to be done dynamically: fib2 :- X1 in 1..10, X2 in 1..10, fib(1, X1), fib(2, X2), fib(12, 885). ... but this does not seem to work. Is it not possible this way to define the initial numbers, or am I doing something terribly wrong? I'm not asking for the solution, but any advice that could help me solve this would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Continuous output in Neural Networks

    - by devoured elysium
    How can I set Neural Networks so they accept and output a continuous range of values instead of a discrete ones? From what I recall from doing a Neural Network class a couple of years ago, the activation function would be a sigmoid, which yields a value between 0 and 1. If I want my neural network to yield a real valued scalar, what should I do? I thought maybe if I wanted a value between 0 and 10 I could just multiply the value by 10? What if I have negative values? Is this what people usually do or is there any other way? What about the input? Thanks

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  • Is enemy / bot A.I. part of the model or controller in an MVC game

    - by Iain
    It could be part of the model because it's part of the business logic of the game. It could be part of the controller because it could be seen as simulating player input, which would be considered part of the controller, right? Or would it? What about a normal enemy, like a goomba in Mario? UPDATE: Wow, that's really not the answer I was expecting. As far as I could tell, A.I. is an internal part of the autonomous game system, hence model. I'm still not convinced.

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  • Word characteristics tags

    - by theBlinker
    I want to do a riddle AI chatbot for my AI class. So i figgured the input to the chatbot would be : Something like : "It is blue, and it is up, but it is not the ceiling" Translation : <Object X> <blue> <up> <!ceiling> </Object X> (Answer : sky?) So Input is a set of characteristics (existing \ not existing in the object), output is a matched, most likely object. The domain will be limited to a number of objects, i could input all attributes myself, but i was thinking : How could I programatically build a database of characteristics for a word? Is there such a database available? How could i tag a word, how could i programatically find all it's attributes? I was thinking on crawling wikipedia, or some forum, but i can't see it build any reliable word tag database. Any ideas on how i could achieve such a thing? Any ideas on some literature on the subject? Thank you

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  • How to engineer features for machine learning

    - by Ivo Danihelka
    Do you have some advices or reading how to engineer features for a machine learning task? Good input features are important even for a neural network. The chosen features will affect the needed number of hidden neurons and the needed number of training examples. The following is an example problem, but I'm interested in feature engineering in general. A motivation example: What would be a good input when looking at a puzzle (e.g., 15-puzzle or Sokoban)? Would it be possible to recognize which of two states is closer to the goal?

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  • AI opponent car logic in car race game.

    - by ashok patidar
    hello i want to develop AI car(opponent) in car race game what should be my direction to develop them with less complexity because i don't have any idea. because the player car is moving on the scrolling track plz suggest me should i have to use relative motion or way point concept but that should also be change on the scrolling track (i.e. player car movement)

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  • Incomplete information card game

    - by binil
    I would like to develop a trick taking card game. The game is between four players, one of which is a human and the other three hands are played by the computer. Where can I read up about developing the AI for such games?

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  • AI navigation around a 2d map - Avoiding obstacles.

    - by Curt Walker
    Hey there, I know my question seems pretty vague but I can't think of a better way to put it so I'll start off by explaining what I'm trying to do. I'm currently working on a project whereby I've been given a map and I'm coding a 'Critter' that should be able to navigate it's way around the map, the critter has various other functions but are not relevant to the current question. The whole program and solution is being written in C#. I can control the speed of the critter, and retrieve it's current location on the map by returning it's current X and Y position, I can also set it's direction when it collides with the terrain that blocks it. The only problem I have is that I can't think of a way to intelligently navigate my way around the map, so far I've been basing it around what direction the critter is facing when it collides with the terrain, and this is in no way a good way of moving around the map! I'm not a games programmer, and this is for a software assignment, so I have no clue on AI techniques. All I am after is a push in the right direction on how I could go about getting this critter to find it's way around any map given to me. Here's an image of the map and critters to give you an idea of what i'm talking about. Here's a link to an image of what the maps and critters look like. Map and Critter image I'm in no way looking for anyone to give me a full solution, just a push in the general direction on map navigation. Thanks in advance!

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  • Automatic music rating based on listening habits

    - by marco92w
    I've created a Winamp-like music player in Delphi. Not so complex, of course. Just a simple one. But now I would like to add a more complex feature: Songs in the library should be automatically rated based on the user's listening habits. This means: The application should "understand" if the user likes a song or not. And not only whether he/she likes it but also how much. My approach so far (data which could be used): Simply measure how often a song was played per time. Start counting time when the song was added to the library so that recent songs don't have any disadvantage. Measure how long a song was played on average (minutes). Starting a song but directly change to another one should have a bad influence on the ranking since the user didn't seem to like the song. ... Could you please help me with this problem? I would just like to have some ideas. I don't need the implementation in Delphi.

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  • Information Gain and Entropy

    - by dhorn
    I recently read this question regarding information gain and entropy. I think I have a semi-decent grasp on the main idea, but I'm curious as what to do with situations such as follows: If we have a bag of 7 coins, 1 of which is heavier than the others, and 1 of which is lighter than the others, and we know the heavier coin + the lighter coin is the same as 2 normal coins, what is the information gain associated with picking two random coins and weighing them against each other? Our goal here is to identify the two odd coins. I've been thinking this problem over for a while, and can't frame it correctly in a decision tree, or any other way for that matter. Any help? EDIT: I understand the formula for entropy and the formula for information gain. What I don't understand is how to frame this problem in a decision tree format. EDIT 2: Here is where I'm at so far: Assuming we pick two coins and they both end up weighing the same, we can assume our new chances of picking H+L come out to 1/5 * 1/4 = 1/20 , easy enough. Assuming we pick two coins and the left side is heavier. There are three different cases where this can occur: HM: Which gives us 1/2 chance of picking H and a 1/4 chance of picking L: 1/8 HL: 1/2 chance of picking high, 1/1 chance of picking low: 1/1 ML: 1/2 chance of picking low, 1/4 chance of picking high: 1/8 However, the odds of us picking HM are 1/7 * 5/6 which is 5/42 The odds of us picking HL are 1/7 * 1/6 which is 1/42 And the odds of us picking ML are 1/7 * 5/6 which is 5/42 If we weight the overall probabilities with these odds, we are given: (1/8) * (5/42) + (1/1) * (1/42) + (1/8) * (5/42) = 3/56. The same holds true for option B. option A = 3/56 option B = 3/56 option C = 1/20 However, option C should be weighted heavier because there is a 5/7 * 4/6 chance to pick two mediums. So I'm assuming from here I weight THOSE odds. I am pretty sure I've messed up somewhere along the way, but I think I'm on the right path! EDIT 3: More stuff. Assuming the scale is unbalanced, the odds are (10/11) that only one of the coins is the H or L coin, and (1/11) that both coins are H/L Therefore we can conclude: (10 / 11) * (1/2 * 1/5) and (1 / 11) * (1/2) EDIT 4: Going to go ahead and say that it is a total 4/42 increase.

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  • Why does A* path finding sometimes go in straight lines and sometimes diagonals? (Java)

    - by Relequestual
    I'm in the process of developing a simple 2d grid based sim game, and have fully functional path finding. I used the answer found in my previous question as my basis for implementing A* path finding. (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/735523/pathfinding-2d-java-game). To show you really what I'm asking, I need to show you this video screen capture that I made. I was just testing to see how the person would move to a location and back again, and this was the result... http://www.screenjelly.com/watch/Bd7d7pObyFo Different choice of path depending on the direction, an unexpected result. Any ideas?

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  • Placement of defensive structures in a game

    - by Martin
    I am working on an AI bot for the game Defcon. The game has cities, with varying populations, and defensive structures with limited range. I'm trying to work out a good algorithm for placing defence towers. Cities with higher populations are more important to defend Losing a defence tower is a blow, so towers should be placed reasonably close together Towers and cities can only be placed on land So, with these three rules, we see that the best kind of placement is towers being placed in a ring around the largest population areas (although I don't want an algorithm just to blindly place a ring around the highest area of population, sometime there might be 2 sets of cities far apart, in which case the algorithm should make 2 circles, each one half my total towers). I'm wondering what kind of algorithms might be used for determining placement of towers?

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  • Determining what action an NPC will take, when it is partially random but influenced by preferences?

    - by lala
    I want to make characters in a game perform actions that are partially random but also influenced by preferences. For instance, if a character feels angry they have a higher chance of yelling than telling a joke. So I'm thinking about how to determine which action the character will take. Here are the ideas that have come to me. Solution #1: Iterate over every possible action. For each action do a random roll, then add the preference value to that random number. The action with the highest value is the one the character takes. Solution #2: Assign a range of numbers to an action, with more likely actions having a wider range. So, if the random roll returns anywhere from 1-5, the character will tell a joke. If it returns 6-75, they will yell. And so on. Solution #3: Group all the actions and make a branching tree. Will they take a friendly action or a hostile action? The random roll (with preference values added) says hostile. Will they make a physical attack or verbal? The random roll says verbal. Keep going down the line until you reach the action. Solution #1 is the simplest, but hardly efficient. I think Solution #3 is a little more complicated, but isn't it more efficient? Does anyone have any more insight into this particular problem? Is #3 the best solution? Is there a better solution?

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  • Automated Legal Processing

    - by Chris S
    Will it ever be possible to make legal systems quantifiable enough to process with computer algorithms? What technologies would have to be in place before this is possible? Are there any existing technologies that are already trying to accomplish this? Out of curiosity, I downloaded the text for laws in my local municipality, and tried applying some simple NLP tricks to extract rules from sentences. I had mixed results. Some sentences were very explicit (e.g. "Cars may not be left in the park overnight"), but other sentences seemed hopelessly vague (e.g. "The council's purpose is to ensure the well-being of the community"). I apologize if this is too open-ended a topic, but I've often wondered what society would look like if legal systems were based on less ambiguous language. Lawyers, and the legal process in general, are so expensive because they have to manually process a complex set of rules codified in ambiguous legal texts. If this system could be represented in software, this huge expense could potentially be eliminated, making the legal system more accessible for everyone.

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  • Google analytics-style custom report builder UI

    - by gregmac
    I'm looking for a reporting engine/UI that can be integrated into a product, which has a UI along the lines of Google Analytics' Custom Reports builder. Is anyone aware of such a thing? The data is in our case is not page views/visitors/etc, but is similar in nature, in that there are limited entities or types of data, but each entity has many attributes/columns and many different ways of aggregating data (or in GA-style speak, metrics and dimensions). The analytics-style UI is very intuitive and allows many reports to be created in powerful ways, without having to know SQL. I have preference for a web-based tool (seeing that it is 2010 and this is a web app -- I mention only because it seems the vast majority of reporting tools still have only a non-web-based creation tool).

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  • AI testing framework

    - by Jon
    I am looking at developing an AI player for a simple game I have created in C#. I will be creating a population of the bots and evolving them over generations. What I was wondering is there any frameworks out there that could be good for this sort of testing / development. Ideally I would like something that I could plug any / some type of games into and say, OK so have a population of X run it over Y generations and chart the results for me. I was having a think about how I would create something that would do this for me and allow me to reuse this later for different AI projects and all I could think of was to have some sort of core code and some interface contracts that the game and AI would use so that the server can script it. What are your thoughts, does anyone have any practical experience of this sort of thing?

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  • Beginner's resources/introductions to classification algorithms.

    - by Dirk
    Hi, everybody. I am entirely new to the topic of classification algorithms, and need a few good pointers about where to start some "serious reading". I am right now in the process of finding out, whether machine learning and automated classification algorithms could be a worthwhile thing to add to some application of mine. I already scanned through "How to Solve It: Modern heuristics" by Z. Michalewicz and D. Fogel (in particular, the chapters about linear classifiers using neuronal networks), and on the practical side, I am currently looking through the WEKA toolkit source code. My next (planned) step would be to dive into the realm of Bayesian classification algorithms. Unfortunately, I am lacking a serious theoretical foundation in this area (let alone, having used it in any way as of yet), so any hints at where to look next would be appreciated; in particular, a good introduction of available classification algorithms would be helpful. Being more a craftsman and less a theoretician, the more practical, the better... Hints, anyone?

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  • AI opponenet car logic in car race game.

    - by ashok patidar
    hello i want to develop AI car(opponent) in car race game what should be my direction to develop them with less complexity because i don't have any idea. because the player car is moving on the scrolling track plz suggest me should i have to use relative motion or way point concept but that should also be change on the scrolling track (i.e. player car movement)

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  • How to convert the output of an artificial neural network into probabilities?

    - by Mathieu Pagé
    I've read about neural network a little while ago and I understand how an ANN (especially a multilayer perceptron that learns via backpropagation) can learn to classify an event as true or false. I think there are two ways : 1) You get one output neuron. It it's value is 0.5 the events is likely true, if it's value is <=0.5 the event is likely to be false. 2) You get two output neurons, if the value of the first is than the value of the second the event is likely true and vice versa. In these case, the ANN tells you if an event is likely true or likely false. It does not tell how likely it is. Is there a way to convert this value to some odds or to directly get odds out of the ANN. I'd like to get an output like "The event has a 84% probability to be true"

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