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• MySQL Master-Master w/ multiple read slave cost effective setup in AWS

  - by Ross

  I've been evaluating Amazon Web Services RDS for MySQL and costing out potential scenarios involving a simple multi-AZ deployment read/write setup vs. a multi-AZ deployment mysql master (hot-standby) with additional read-only slaves. the issue I'm trying to cost-optimize includes their reserved instance vs on-demand instances. Situation 1: purchase reserved multi-az setup for Extra-large-hi-mem(17GB RAM) instance for $5200/yr and have my application query the master all the time. the problem is, if I don't need all the resources of the (17GB RAM) all the time and therefore, especially not a hot-standby, what alternatives for savings can a better topology create, like potentially situation 2 below: Situation 2: purchase reserved multi-az setup using smaller master instances than above for the master-master hot-standby to receive the writes only. Then create and load balance several read-only slaves off the master and add/remove and/or scale up/down the read slaves based on demand. This might only cost $1000 + the on-demand usage of the read slaves. My thinking is, if I have a variable read-intensive application load, with low write load, the single level topology in situation 1 means I'm paying for a lot of resources at the write level of topology when I don't need them there. My hope is that situation 2 can yield cost savings from smaller reserved instances on the master-master resource level allowing me to scale up and down and/or out on the read-level according to demand as needed. Does anyone see a downside to doing this or know of some reason this isn't possible with RDS? Any other thoughts or advice always welcome of course. Thanks in advance, R

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• What is a good client for handling large amounts of mail ?

  - by ldigas

  Although the title sums it up nice, I'll repeat and explain. What would be a good email client for handling large amounts of mail ? Large portion of mails I receive come with attachments (zip, rar, pdf, dwg, etc.) and within a month I usually have another 1,5-2Gb of new mail. I've noticed that 'standard' Outlook Express (with whose interface I've been very happy) gets awfully slow after a while. Archiving helps but not much. Then I usually take the files, move them onto a dvd, delete all messages I can do without and start anew. The thing is, I would love to have them all in email client since I often go after some old mails (slow projects). So, what would be good alternatives ? If it is portable, that would also be nice, but I can also live without it. post scriptum: I love @gmail, but cannot use it for work. I know I could theoretically forward all of it there, and back, but that approach doesn't make my boss very happy (email handling policies and similar).

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• Error 550 Mail Relay Message Could Not Be Sent

  - by mraliks

  I'm not sure if this is the right area to ask, but here we go. I have a client who has a couple websites on a Windows server with MailEnable as the mail manager. Any emails being sent from the server work great, except when sending to some domains, the message does not go through due to the following error: 12/13/11 01:15:56 ME-I0026: [86476200E5834227A819E6E63E0EFDA2.MAI] Sending message 12/13/11 01:15:57 ME-IXXXX: [86476200E5834227A819E6E63E0EFDA2.MAI] Remote server returned a response indicating a permanent error. Server Response: (550 Relaying not allowed**) 12/13/11 01:15:57 ME-E0036: [86476200E5834227A819E6E63E0EFDA2.MAI] MAIL FROM command Failed. Can anyone give me some leads on how to correct the settings to allow emails to go through properly? In particular, the emails are not going through to a Network Solutions email account and Network Solutions has not been very helpful thus far. In addition, can a domain's DNS settings affect this error? Currently, the domains are hosted by Network Solutions and use the Network Solutions email service to send/receive email. The server is located with a different company and the Domains' DNS points to it. Which mail related DNS entries are allowed or not allowed in this scenario? Thanks

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• Exchange server intermittently not receiving or delivering emails to a few addresses?

  - by Gary Willoughby

  This is a strange problem. We are using an Exchange 2007 server to handle the emails to and from the company. There are two main problems which are probably related. None of our mails sent to one single customer are ever received. When we send any type of mail to one particular customer, they never get it. We have confirmed the address and tried to send more to other mail addresses on the same domain and they still don't receive it. No error (email or otherwise) is ever issued. (Domain related? Blacklisted?) Sometimes (intermittently) a mail sent to our company (can be any address on our domain) is never received. I tried this the other day from home and sent a mail to my work address. It was never received. But then a day later i sent another and it was received fine (so the mail address is fine). No error (email or otherwise) is ever issued. Any ideas where to start looking for causes?

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• Site to Site VPN problem, connection succesful data only oneway?

  - by Charles

  To start things off, I'm not the actual Administrator for the VPN Server, but he is also at a loss so I thought I'd ask it here. I know it's a Cisco ASA Firewall/VPN. I have a router that connects to the Cisco VPN server, it does so succesfully. I can ping everything within the remote network and from the remote network into my own. I've been able to SSH into a remote server over VPN as well, it all seems to work; until there's some more data returned. A quick example would be an internal webserver. The default homepage simply redirects, so only sends back HTTP headers with a "Location:". I receive this on my computer, but when I request the actual page then (which isn't that big) I don't get a response at all - it just stalls. And it does this for other services as well, for example SSH. I can do a couple of things while connected, but if there's more than xx output it seems to do nothing. The connection remains active throughout all of this. Has anyone ever experienced anything like this before / know what the problem might be? Another user who has a site-to-site connection with this VPN using the -exact same setup- has no problems, the only difference is that I have around 200ms ping to the VPN server/network because of a very long distance (other continent).

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• Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10: Filesystem check or mount failed [migrated]

  - by SamHuckaby

  I attempted to upgrade from Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10 today, and mid upgrade the system started flaking out, and eventually locked up entirely. I was forced to restart the computer, and am now unable to get the computer to boot up at all. When I boot currently, it takes me to the GRUB menu, and I can choose to boot normally, or boot in an older version. I have tried several things, which I list below, but no matter what, when I try to finish booting into Ubuntu, I receive the following error: Filesystem check or mount failed. A maintenance shell will now be started. CONTROL-D will terminate this shell and continue booting after re-trying filesystems. Any further errors will be ignored root@ubuntu-computername:~# I have fun fsck -f and everything appears correct, no errors are reported. and it passes all 5 checks. If I run fdisk -l then I get the following information: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00010824 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 608456703 304227328 83 Linux /dev/sda2 608458750 625141759 8341505 5 Extended Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 608458752 625141759 8341504 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0fb4b7e8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 8192 625139711 312565760 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT I am considering just installing a new OS on the other disk, that currently has nothing on it, and then just attempting to scrape my data off the old disk (thankfully I didn't encrypt the files). Really my question is this: Can I salvage this Ubuntu install, or should I give up and just reinstall?

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• Processing-time billing in Amazon EC2

  - by Rafael Almeida

  Hi all! I think my question is fairly basic, but I would like a clarification: in the Pricing part of AWS we can see that Amazon charges people around .10 by the 'instance computing hour'. I've seen in a blog post somewhere (can't remember where exactly, and even if I did I think it was in Portuguese anyway) that this way your minimum monthly payment would be $72 (= .10 $s/hour x 24 hours x 30 days). Is this correct? (I don't think it is!) In my understanding is that this 'virtual computing time' is only used when your machine is actually doing something (serving pages, serving the admin via ssh, whatever), so real billable usage would be less than 720 hours/month in most webserver scenarios. Is my view correct? If it is, then it leads me to another question: is it economically interesting to buy access to one of these instances for testing? I mean, would I have the 'freedom' to 'forget' about it for a month and receive a very-close-to-zero (as in, a few cents) bill? Do you do it/know of anybody who does? Any thoughts on the matter (as in, "yes, it's a good idea", or "yes, but there's this 'gotcha': ...", or "no, nobody does it because of...")? PS: sorry for the loong question text. I highlighted the main questions for easy view. Also, I'm not sure if this question is actually more than one and if it's desirable for the community, so, sorry if it is too! Thanks in advance!

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• arp requests are sent continuously and my linux machine disconnected to the world

  - by sees

  I have the following problem and really need your help I'm implementing a small server to receive request from client on port 18999(just sample) using TCP socket. When I tested my server by using a lot of requests from a tablet through a router, I got the ARP problem(?) My net work just like: TABLET <------- WIRELESS ROUTER <------- MY SERVER (LINUX) Problems: 1. Can not connect to my Linux any more ( telnet, ping v.v...unreachable) 2. I use serial cable to connect to my Linux machine and use Wiresharp (from Windows) to catch the send message from Linux. It says that Linux keeps sending out continuously every 3 seconds ARP messages like the following: xx:xx:99:77:ff:69 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 192.168.10.2? Tell 192.168.10.3 In the above message: xx:xx:99:77:ff:69 my Linux MAC address 192.168.10.2 my Tablet address 192.168.10.3 my Linux IP address Can you help me figure out the problem? Or tell me the way to detect the problem and reset the network back to normal (maybe restart Linux but I want to detect problem and restart automatically) UPDATE: 1. The above network works normally if tablet sends messages to my LINUX in normal speed (but also down after 48 hours) 2. The router works again after I unplugged my Linux ethernet cable (RJ45) from router. 3. The wireless network still works ( I can browser the router page from tablet) 4. When I use: ifconfig down then ifconfig up , the Linux restarts (?????????)

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• Missing boot files in Windows 8

  - by Alex F. Sherman

  I had a partition with Windows 8 Release Preview, Windows' System Reserved partition and the empty space of the beginning of disk. I moved two partitions to the beginning of disk using Ubuntu Live CD and GParted. After that, the Windows Loader didn't boot and throw an error about missing files. I fixed it using the commands: bootsect /nt60 sys /force /mbr bootrec /rebuildbcd bootrec /fixboot bootrec /fixmbr When I used "Automatic repair" option from "Advanced boot" menu, it throw an error like: Windows can't fix your boot problems. For more information see file C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\Srt\SrtTrail.txt In this file I found a description of the system repair actions and at the end of file: Boot status indicates that the OS booted successfully. Now, when I use the Advanced boot menu from Windows 8 (PC settings - General - Advanced startup) I receive an error: Restart your PC to try again. It looks like something didn't load correctly. Restarting might fix the problem. If this happens more than once, you might also be able to find help by searching online for the specific error code. Erorr code: 0x8007090. 0x80070490 is the error code ERROR_NOT_FOUND. What are the missing boot files and how can I restore them? List of files in System Reserved Partition: B:\bootmgr B:\BOOTNXT B:\Boot\BCD B:\Boot\BCD.LOG B:\Boot\BCD.LOG1 B:\Boot\BCD.LOG2 B:\Boot\BOOTSTAT.DAT B:\Boot\Fonts B:\Boot\memtest.exe B:\Boot\qps-ploc B:\Boot\Resources B:\Boot\Resources\bootres.dll and many *.mui and *.ttf files.

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• Haproxy not properly passing on X-Forwarded-For header

  - by JesseP

  I have backend web servers that receive requests by way of haproxy-nginx-fastcgi. The web app used to see multiple ip's coming through in the X-Forwarded-For header, chained together with commas (most original IP on the left). At some point in the recent past (just noticed, so not sure what caused it) something changed, and now I'm only seeing a single IP passed in the header to my web application. I've tried with haproxy 1.4.21 and 1.4.22 (recent upgrade) with the same behavior. Haproxy has the forwardfor header set: option forwardfor Nginx fastcgi_params config defines this header to be passed to the app: fastcgi_param HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR $http_x_forwarded_for; Anyone have any ideas on what might be going wrong here? EDIT: I just started logging the $http_x_forwarded_for variable in nginx logs, and nginx is only ever seeing a single IP, which shouldn't ever be the case, as we should always see our haproxy ip added in there, right? So, issue must either be in nginx handling of the variable coming in, or haproxy not building it properly. I'll keep digging... EDIT #2: I enabled request and response header logging in HAProxy, and it is not spitting anything out for X-Forwarded-For, which seems very odd: Oct 10 10:49:01 newark-lb1 haproxy[19989]: 66.87.95.74:47497 [10/Oct/2012:10:49:01.467] http service/newark2 0/0/0/16/40 301 574 - - ---- 4/4/3/0/0 0/0 {} {} "GET /2zi HTTP/1.1" O Here are the options i set for this in my frontend: mode http option httplog capture request header X-Forwarded-For len 25 capture response header X-Forwarded-For len 25 option httpclose option forwardfor EDIT #3: It really seems like haproxy is munging the header and just passing on a single one to the backend. This is fairly impacting to our production service, so if anyone has an ideas it would be greatly appreciated. I'm stumped... :(

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• SSL certificates work fine from command line but fail in script

  - by jrallison

  I'm trying to setup email notifications for my continuous integration server. I have a script which uses nail to send the email when the build works: #!/bin/bash echo "Build Worked!" | nail -A myisp -s 'Build Success' [email protected] When I run this from the command line with sh build-worked, it works and I receive the email. However, when I start the continuous integration server which executes the same script, I get the following error: nail: /opt/bitnami/common/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8: no version information available (required by nail) nail: /opt/bitnami/common/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8: no version information available (required by nail) Error with certificate at depth: 0 issuer = /C=ZA/ST=Western Cape/L=Cape Town/O=Thawte Consulting cc/OU=Certification Services Division/CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/[email protected] subject = /C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=smtp.gmail.com err 20: unable to get local issuer certificate Continue (y/n)? could not initiate SSL/TLS connection: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed . . . message not sent. I must be messing some configuration, any ideas?

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• SCCM 2012 Clients no longer detecting

  - by user3685428

  Here is the scenario I had a fully functioning SCCM 2012 site server with the DP, MP, SUP, Application catalog, etc. roles configured and working. There is only one server on this site. Everything was great but i was not happy with SUP, so i decided to create a separate WSUS server and configure Windows Updates through GPOs. That setup worked great as well so i went ahead and removed the SUP role from SCCM and removed the WSUS feature from my SCCM server (they were configured on the same SCCM Server). I did not notice any problems right away. A couple days later i noticed that the OSD deployments were giving errors, and after a couple hours of trying suggestions from Google, i was able to uninstall PXE and make a few changes and reinstall with WDS to get it working again. Again, thought everything was fine and continued on. The last couple days i have noticed that any new machine deployed or installing the Client will show in the SCCM console as "No" Client. The client machines will show connected to a site but the software center shows "IT Organization" instead of our site like the previous clients. The existing clients all seem to be functioning normally. they still receive application distributions and configuration baselines, etc. Reinstalling, uninstalling and reinstalling, repairing does not fix the problems and this happens on all new clients. ClientLocation.log shows it connecting to the correct MP. Nothing odd in any of the logs except for the ClientMessaging.log which repeats continuously this line: <![LOG[Raising event: instance of CCM_CcmHttp_Status { ClientID = "GUID:0450fde3-ab82-41bf-9c33-87a18113744b"; DateTime = "20140528214824.993000+000"; HostName = "SOUNDWAVE.domain.org"; HRESULT = "0x00000000"; ProcessID = 4092; StatusCode = 0; ThreadID = 3720; }; ]LOG]!><time="16:48:24.994+300" date="05-28-2014" component="CcmMessaging" context="" type="1" thread="3720" file="event.cpp:706"> thanks

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• Abnormally high amount of Transmit discards reported by Solarwinds for multiple switches

  - by Jared

  I have several 3750X Cisco switches that, according to our Solarwinds NPM, are producing billions of transmit discards per day. I'm not sure why it's reporting these discards. Many of the ports on the 3750X's have 2960's connected to them and are hardcoded as trunk ports. Solarwinds NPM version 10.3 Cisco IOS version 12.2(58)SE2 Total output drops: 29139431: GigabitEthernet1/0/43 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is Gigabit Ethernet, address is XXXX (bia XXXX) Description: XXXX MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is 10/100/1000BaseTX input flow-control is off, output flow-control is unsupported ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:47, output 00:00:50, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 1w4d Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 29139431 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 35000 bits/sec, 56 packets/sec 51376 packets input, 9967594 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 51376 broadcasts (51376 multicasts) 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog, 51376 multicast, 0 pause input 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 115672302 packets output, 8673778028 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 unknown protocol drops 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out sh controllers gigabitEthernet 1/0/43 utilization: Receive Bandwidth Percentage Utilization : 0 Transmit Bandwidth Percentage Utilization : 0

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• Monitoring outgoing messages using EXIM

  - by dashmug

  I work as an IT guy in a law firm. I am recently asked to make a system wherein all the outgoing emails coming from our server to our clients will be put on hold first and wait for approval before it gets sent to the client. Our mail server uses Exim (that's what it says in cPanel). I am planning to create filters where the outgoing emails will be forwarded to an editor account. Then, the editor will review and edit the contents of the email. When the editor already approves the email, it will then get sent to the client by the editor but still using the original sender in the "From:" and "Reply-To:" field. I found some pointers from this site = http://www.devco.net/archives/2006/03/24/saving_copies_of_all_email_using_exim.php. Once the filters are in place, I want to make a simple PHP interface for the editor to check the forwarded emails and edit them if necessary. The editor can then click on an "Approve" button that will finally deliver the message using the original sender. I'm also thinking that maybe a PHP-less system will be enough. The editor can receive the emails from his own email client edit them and simply send the email as if he is the original sender. Is my plan feasible? Will there be issues that I have overlooked? Does it have the danger of being treated as spam by the other mailservers since I'll be messing up the headers?

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• PhpMyAdmin Missing parameter:

  - by Ali

  Everything was working fine until this moment I want to create a new database and I'm receiving this error db_create.php: Missing parameter: new_db (FAQ 2.8) Also when I was trying to export my database I also receive the following error export.php: Missing parameter: what (FAQ 2.8) export.php: Missing parameter: export_type (FAQ 2.8) When I looked it FAQ 2.8 from the suggested link in PHPMYADMIN 2.8 I get "Missing parameters" errors, what can I do? Here are a few points to check: In config.inc.php, try to leave the $cfg['PmaAbsoluteUri'] directive empty. See also FAQ 4.7. Maybe you have a broken PHP installation or you need to upgrade your Zend Optimizer. See http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=31134. If you are using Hardened PHP with the ini directive varfilter.max_request_variables set to the default (200) or another low value, you could get this error if your table has a high number of columns. Adjust this setting accordingly. (Thanks to Klaus Dorninger for the hint). In the php.ini directive arg_separator.input, a value of ";" will cause this error. Replace it with "&;". If you are using Hardened-PHP, you might want to increase request limits. The directory specified in the php.ini directive session.save_path does not exist or is read-only. I did tried with php.ini to make sure that I've session.save_path = "/tmp" I'm using Mac Xserver and running with MAMP I did tried everything to restart my server and nothing help. Please if anyone help me to give me some suggestion. Apologize if I post in a wrong place.

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• Postfix a lot of relay acces denied errors in maillog

  - by tester3

  I'm on Centos 6.5 with Postfix/Dovecot and some virtual domains. Postfix works fine, but I've got a lot of messages like this "NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from 1-160-127-12.dynamic.hinet.net[1.160.127.12]: 454 4.7.1 : Relay access denied; from= to= proto=SMTP" in my maillog. I've tried to close port 25 with iptables, when I do so - I got no such messages, but my mail system starts work incorrectly and can't receive mail from other hosts. Please help! My postconf -n: alias_database = $alias_maps alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man message_size_limit = 20971520 mydestination = localhost.$mydomain, localhost newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES relay_domains = * sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.crt smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/example.com.key smtp_tls_loglevel = 1 smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/etc/postfix/smtp_tls_session_cache smtp_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = example.com smtpd_sasl_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-client smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = $smtpd_sasl_security_options smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/example.com.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/example.com.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/etc/postfix/smtpd_tls_session_cache smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes soft_bounce = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_aliases virtual_gid_maps = static:2222 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_domains virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmail_mailbox virtual_minimum_uid = 2222 virtual_transport = virtual virtual_uid_maps = static:2222 Please help! Will attach master.cf or anything other if needed.

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• Postfix does not work after setting server hostname from plesk

  - by Michael

  I have recently set my server hostname from localhost.localdomain to xx.mydomain.com from the plesk control panel. However after doing this change postfix has stopped working, I tried restarting and regenerating the config files but to no avail. I am not familiar with postfix but I believe there is a setting to be changed in main.cf. Here are the relevant errors I receive: postfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system postfix/master: daemon started -- version 2.8.4, configuration /etc/postfix postfix/cleanup: fatal: host/service localhost/12768 not found: Name or service not known postfix/pickup: warning: maildrop/E5559996219: error writing 4FA2C996217: queue file write error postfix/master: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/cleanup pid 15334 exit status 1 postfix/master: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/cleanup: bad command startup -- throttling Any ideas? EDIT Setting it back to localhost.localdomain makes it work again. The only references to localhost/12768 I can find in main.cf are: smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12768 non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12768 Should something be changed here? These two lines stay the same when I change the hostname. EDIT If I comment out the two mail filter lines (the ones shown above) and restart, postfix works with the new hostname. However this is obviously not the ideal solution...

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• Using our own certificate authority for business email encryption

  - by LumenAlbum

  I've read the available similar questions on serverfault but I haven't quite found a definite answer to the security aspect of it - hence here's my question: I'm administrator of an office working with tax data and we want to start using certificate-based eMail encryption with our clients. Considering the prices for issued certificates by VeriSign & Co I was wondering if we couldn't issue the necessary certificates with a certificate authority of our own. I realize that they do not offer the trust hierarchy that commercial certificates do but I don't see why we would need that. Most of our clients have small businesses and only 20% of them even exchange data with us via email. So if we were to issue certificates for those 20% and our employees, that would enable us to use encrypted emails. Of course they would have to trust our certificate authority and thus once receive our public root certificate. But if we would hand them out to them (or install it) personally, they'd know that it really is our certificate. Is thery a huge security risk that I am missing here? As long as nobody has access to our certificate authority server nobody should be able to interfere with security, right? And the client certificates would be generated and handed out by us, as well... Please advise me if I am making an error in judgement here and thank you in advance.

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• Dynamic fowarding with SOCKS5 proxy [on hold]

  - by bh3244

  I'm building my own SOCKS5 client and HTTP library and am having trouble figuring out how things work with dynamic port forwarding. So far I can connect successfully with my SOCKS5 client, but from there on I am stuck. I am using the ssh -D command. Considering I have my local machine "home" and my server "server" and I wanted to use "server" as proxy for all connections I understand I would type ssh -D "localport" "serverhostname" on my local machine "home". This command I understand has ssh accept connections with the SOCKS5 protocol. So now if I want to connect to google.com(74.125.224.72:80) and issue a GET for the front page, I assume I would send the SOCKS5 client request and the server would respond back with a 0x00 "succeeded" and from then on I am connected and I would send the HTTP GET request and the server would respond back accordingly with the data. Now if I want to navigate to a different website, must I issue another SOCKS5 connection request for that sites IP/hostname? I'm confused if this is the way it is done, or if there is a program listening on the local port of the "server" and handling outgoing and incoming data. To reiterate: Do SOCKS5 proxies work by sending repeated SOCKS5 connection requests for different addresses or is there just one connection to a local port on "server" and another program on "server" handles the outgoing connection to the internet by using that local port to send and receive data to/from "home"?

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• Migrating from tomcat to tc server - receiving java.sql.SQLException on startup

  - by user470184

  I'm receiving below error when I start tcServer. I do not receive this error on standalone version of tomcat. Is there extra config I need to add for tcServer ? WARNING: Unexpected exception resolving reference java.sql.SQLException: Io exception: The Network Adapter could not establish the connection at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.throwSqlException(DatabaseError.java:112) at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.throwSqlException(DatabaseError.java:146) at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.throwSqlException(DatabaseError.java:255) at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection.logon(T4CConnection.java:387) at oracle.jdbc.driver.PhysicalConnection.(PhysicalConnection.java:441) at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection.(T4CConnection.java:165) at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CDriverExtension.getConnection(T4CDriverExtension.java:35) at oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver.connect(OracleDriver.java:801) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PooledConnection.connectUsingDriver(PooledConnection.java:277) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.PooledConnection.connect(PooledConnection.java:182) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ConnectionPool.createConnection(ConnectionPool.java:699) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ConnectionPool.borrowConnection(ConnectionPool.java:631) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ConnectionPool.init(ConnectionPool.java:485) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ConnectionPool.(ConnectionPool.java:143) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceProxy.pCreatePool(DataSourceProxy.java:116) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceProxy.createPool(DataSourceProxy.java:103) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory.createDataSource(DataSourceFactory.java:539) at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory.getObjectInstance(DataSourceFactory.java:237) at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceFactory.java:140) at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:304) at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:793) at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:140) at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:781) at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:153) at org.apache.catalina.core.NamingContextListener.addResource(NamingContextListener.java:1028) at org.apache.catalina.core.NamingContextListener.createNamingContext(NamingContextListener.java:637) at org.apache.catalina.core.NamingContextListener.lifecycleEvent(NamingContextListener.java:238) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:747) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)

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• Durability of Websockets Server

  - by smitchell360

  I am starting to experiment with websockets. Does anyone know of a websockets server (open source or paid) that provides a durable store of the websocket "channel"? All of the examples that I have found do not address durability -- if a websockets server goes down, all "channel" data is lost. Services such as Pusher do not really discuss whether they address the durability issue (and I have not received a response from tech support yet). Happy to roll my own, but would rather not reinvent the wheel. EDIT: I'm not looking for websockets 101 information. That is readily available and understood. I'm looking for a server (open source or paid) that supports websockets and has a durable store for the websocket data so that, in the event that a server fails, a new server can take over where the original one left off. Two main purposes: 1. support failover scenarios contemplated by the websockets Network Working Group http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ibc-websocket-dns-srv-02#section-5.1 (most importantly so that missed messages are sent when a client connects to a failover server) 2. support scenarios where new subscribers must receive all past messages that were published. Of course this can be handled at the application layer...but that is not what I am looking for.

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• Replicated MongoDB server slower than simple shards

  - by displayName

  I tried to compare the performance of a sharded configuration against a sharded and replicated configuration. The sharded configuration consists of 8 shards each running on three different machines thereby constituting a total of 24 shards. All 8 of these shards run in the same partition on each machine. The sharded and replicated version is 8 shards again just like plain sharding, and all 8 mongods run on the same partition in each machine. But apart from this, each of these three machine now run additional 16 threads on another partition which serve as the secondary for the 8 mongods running on other machines. This is the way I prepared a sharded and replicated configuration with data chunks having replication factor of 3. Important point to note is that once the data has been loaded, it is not modified. So after primary and secondaries have synchronized then it doesn't matter which one i read from. To run the queries, I use an entirely different machine (let's call it config) which runs mongos and this machine's only purpose is to receive queries and run them on the cluster. Contrary to my expectations, plain sharding of 8 threads on each machine (total = 3 * 8 = 24) is performing better for queries than the sharded + replicated configuration. I have a script written to perform the query. So in order to time the scripts, I use time ./testScript and see the result. I tried changing the reading preference for replicated cluster by logging to mongo of config and run db.getMongo().setReadPref('secondary') and then exit the shell and run the queries like time ./testScript. The questions are: Where am i going wrong in the replication? Why is it slower than its plain sharding version? Does the db.getMongo().ReadPref('secondary') persist when i leave the shell and try to perform the query? All the four machines are running Linux and i have already increased the ulimit -n to 2048 from initial value of 1024 to allow more connections. The collections are properly distributed and all the mongods have equal number of chunks. Goes without saying that indices in both configurations are the same.

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• Microsoft Windows DHCP: Steering IPv4 clients into specific scopes based on MAC

  - by Easter Sunshine

  We have visitors on our campus who bring their own laptops and devices and use our wireless and wired networks. When we receive a copyright infringement notice (typically BitTorrenting), we are required to quarantine that MAC address so that it no longer has Internet access. No matter what website it tries to visit, it is sent to a web page explaining to the user that the device has been quarantined. We have thus far implemented this in ISC DHCP on Linux. We have multiple VLANs with one or more public-IP subnets and one RFC1918 quarantine subnet each. All clients are leased IPs in the public-IP subnet(s) unless you're in a list of known bad MACs. Then, you are sent to the quarantine subnet so that your traffic is unroutable on the Internet (you are isolated by subnet only, not by VLAN). We would like to move to Windows DHCP in light of the IPAM role but I cannot figure out how to replicate this in Windows DHCP 2012 (Assign DHCP IPs for specific MAC prefixes on Windows Server 2008 R2 suggests it was not possible in 2008 R2), even while using policies. So here's what I'd like: The administrator/help desk provides and maintains a list of MAC addresses that are to be quarantined. The DHCP server places those MACs into the quarantine subnet on the respective VLAN, no matter which VLAN the client is in. I don't think reservations would work: We currently have about 300 registered bad MACs and about 12 VLANs. I don't want to make 300 x 12 reservations nor have to add 12 reservations per new MAC address. Not to mention all of the quarantine subnets are /24s. We do not have NPS/NAC. You do not have to register your MAC address get network access. We use Cisco routers/switches. Thanks.

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• Convert a cassette tape recording to digital format

  - by Electric Automation

  Has anyone been successful with transferring audio cassette tape recordings to a digital format? I would like to preserve old cassette tape recordings of my grandparents to some digital format: MP3, WAV, etc... The quality of the tapes are mediocre. I think I can handle the quality restoration but getting the audio from tape to digital is my question. Below is a list of the hardware that I can work with: Cassette Deck: I have a Technics stereo cassette deck model RS-B12. It has separate left and right IN and OUT RCA type jacks on the back. In the front it has a headphone phono jack, plus left and right mic input phono jacks. On the computer side: -I have a Windows Vista PC with no additional software other than what came with the machine from Costco. No sound editing software that I can see. There is no sound card on the PC. On the front panel there is a mini-phono mic input jack and there are several different types of in/out mini-phono jacks on the back. In addition, USB and Firewire. I also have access to a new (2009) iMac with a mini-phono input jack for a powered mic or other audio source and GarageBand that has come with the computer. In addition, USB and Firewire. What are my options for getting these cassette recordings into a digital format? Whats the best format? What sort of wires would I need and will I want to utilize the USB or Firewire or can I simply use the audio inputs on the PC (or Mac) to receive the audio stream?

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• CentOS tftp server is broken

  - by Mike Pennington

  I'm trying to run tftpd from xinetd on CentOS 6; however, I can only tftp from localhost. I have a file in /opt/tftpboot/fw.test.conf that I can retrieve if I tftp to localhost: [mpenning@localhost ~]$ tftp localhost tftp> get fw.test.conf tftp> quit [mpenning@localhost ~]$ ls fw.test.conf [mpenning@localhost ~]$ However, I cannot receive this file if I tftp to eth1 on this server (the address on eth1 is 172.16.1.4). [mpenning@localhost ~]$ sudo tshark -i eth1 udp and host 172.16.1.5 Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous. Capturing on eth1 0.000000 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 5.000133 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 10.000184 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 15.000297 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 20.000331 172.16.1.5 -> 172.16.1.4 TFTP Read Request, File: fw.test.conf\000, Transfer type: netascii\000 ^C5 packets captured [mpenning@localhost ~]$ I have the following xinetd configuration: [root@localhost mpenning]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp # default: off # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \ # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \ # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \ # and to start the installation process for some operating systems. service tftp { socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /opt/tftpboot disable = no per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4 } [root@localhost mpenning]#

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