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  • Python 3.1 - Memory Error during sampling of a large list

    - by jimy
    The input list can be more than 1 million numbers. When I run the following code with smaller 'repeats', its fine; def sample(x): length = 1000000 new_array = random.sample((list(x)),length) return (new_array) def repeat_sample(x): i = 0 repeats = 100 list_of_samples = [] for i in range(repeats): list_of_samples.append(sample(x)) return(list_of_samples) repeat_sample(large_array) However, using high repeats such as the 100 above, results in MemoryError. Traceback is as follows; Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python31\rnd.py", line 221, in <module> STORED_REPEAT_SAMPLE = repeat_sample(STORED_ARRAY) File "C:\Python31\rnd.py", line 129, in repeat_sample list_of_samples.append(sample(x)) File "C:\Python31\rnd.py", line 121, in sample new_array = random.sample((list(x)),length) File "C:\Python31\lib\random.py", line 309, in sample result = [None] * k MemoryError I am assuming I'm running out of memory. I do not know how to get around this problem. Thank you for your time!

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  • Need help with re for matching and getting the value python

    - by laspal
    Hi, Need help regarding re. file = 'file No.WR79050107006 from files' So what I am trying to do is validate if file string contains WR + 11 digit. result = re.match('^(\S| )*(?P<sr>(\d){11})(\S| )*', file) Its validate only 11 digit but not WR before it. How can I do that? Using re after matching how can I get the match value ( WR79050107006) I can do string find index = file.find('file No.') and then get the value of next 13 char. thanks

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  • python list directory , subdirectory and files

    - by thomytheyon
    Hi Alls, I'm trying to make a script to list all directory, subdirectory, and files in a given directory. I tried this : import sys,os root="/home/patate/directory/" path=os.path.join(root,"targetdirectory") for r,d,f in os.walk(path): for file in f: print os.path.join(root,file) Unfortunatly it doesn't work properly, i get all the files, but not them complete path. like : if the dir struct would be : /home/patate/directory/targetdirectory/123/456/789/file.txt It would print: /home/patate/directory/targetdirectory/file.txt What i need is the first result, any help would be greatly appreciated ! Thanks

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  • what does "from MODULE import _" do in python?

    - by Paul
    Hi all, In the Getting things gnome code base I stumbled upon this import statement from GTG import _ and have no idea what it means, never seen this in the documentation and a quick so / google search didn't turn anything up. Thank you all in advance Paul

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  • Logical python question - handeling directories and files in them

    - by Konstantin
    Hello! I'm using this function to extract files from .zip archive and store it on the server: def unzip_file_into_dir(file, dir): import sys, zipfile, os, os.path os.makedirs(dir, 0777) zfobj = zipfile.ZipFile(file) for name in zfobj.namelist(): if name.endswith('/'): os.mkdir(os.path.join(dir, name)) else: outfile = open(os.path.join(dir, name), 'wb') outfile.write(zfobj.read(name)) outfile.close() And the usage: unzip_file_into_dir('/var/zips/somearchive.zip', '/var/www/extracted_zip') somearchive.zip have this structure: somearchive.zip 1.jpeg 2.jpeg another.jpeg or, somethimes, this one: somearchive.zip somedir/ 1.jpeg 2.jpeg another.jpeg Question is: how do I modify my function, so that my extracted_zip catalog would always contain just images, not images in another subdirectory, even if images are stored in somedir inside an archive.

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  • Python: Created nested dictionary from list of paths

    - by sberry2A
    I have a list of tuples the looks similar to this (simplified here, there are over 14,000 of these tuples with more complicated paths than Obj.part) [ (Obj1.part1, {<SPEC>}), (Obj1.partN, {<SPEC>}), (ObjK.partN, {<SPEC>}) ] Where Obj goes from 1 - 1000, part from 0 - 2000. These "keys" all have a dictionary of specs associated with them which act as a lookup reference for inspecting another binary file. The specs dict contains information such as the bit offset, bit size, and C type of the data pointed to by the path ObjK.partN. For example: Obj4.part500 might have this spec, {'size':32, 'offset':128, 'type':'int'} which would let me know that to access Obj4.part500 in the binary file I must unpack 32 bits from offset 128. So, now I want to take my list of strings and create a nested dictionary which in the simplified case will look like this data = { 'Obj1' : {'part1':{spec}, 'partN':{spec} }, 'ObjK' : {'part1':{spec}, 'partN':{spec} } } To do this I am currently doing two things, 1. I am using a dotdict class to be able to use dot notation for dictionary get / set. That class looks like this: class dotdict(dict): def __getattr__(self, attr): return self.get(attr, None) __setattr__ = dict.__setitem__ __delattr__ = dict.__delitem__ The method for creating the nested "dotdict"s looks like this: def addPath(self, spec, parts, base): if len(parts) > 1: item = base.setdefault(parts[0], dotdict()) self.addPath(spec, parts[1:], item) else: item = base.setdefault(parts[0], spec) return base Then I just do something like: for path, spec in paths: self.lookup = dotdict() self.addPath(spec, path.split("."), self.lookup) So, in the end self.lookup.Obj4.part500 points to the spec. Is there a better (more pythonic) way to do this?

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  • filtering elements from list of lists in Python?

    - by user248237
    I want to filter elements from a list of lists, and iterate over the elements of each element using a lambda. For example, given the list: a = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]] suppose that I want to keep only elements where the sum of the list is greater than N. I tried writing: filter(lambda x, y, z: x + y + z >= N, a) but I get the error: <lambda>() takes exactly 3 arguments (1 given) How can I iterate while assigning values of each element to x, y, and z? Something like zip, but for arbitrarily long lists. thanks, p.s. I know I can write this using: filter(lambda x: sum(x)..., a) but that's not the point, imagine that these were not numbers but arbitrary elements and I wanted to assign their values to variable names.

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  • Exposing classes inside modules within a Python package directly in the package's namespace

    - by Richard Waite
    I have a wxPython application with the various GUI classes in their own modules in a package called gui. With this setup, importing the main window would be done as follows: from gui.mainwindow import MainWindow This looked messy to me so I changed the __init__.py file for the gui package to import the class directly into the package namespace: from mainwindow import MainWindow This allows me to import the main window like this: from gui import MainWindow This looks better to me aesthetically and I think it also more closely represents what I'm doing (importing the MainWindow class from the gui "namespace"). The reason I made the gui package was to keep all the GUI stuff together. I could have just as easily made a single gui module and stuffed all the GUI classes in it, but I think that would have been unmanageable. The package now appears to work like a module, but allows me to separate the classes into their own modules (along with helper functions, etc.). This whole thing strikes me as somewhat petty, I just thought I'd throw it out there to see what others think about the idea.

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  • Python - Problems using mechanize to log into a difficult website

    - by user1781599
    × 139886 I am trying to log in to betfair.com by using mechanize. I have tried several ways but it always fail. This is the code I have developed so far, can anyone help me to identify what is wrong with it and how I can improve it to log into my betfair account? Thanks, import cookielib import urllib import urllib2 from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup import mechanize from mechanize import Browser import re bf_username_name = "username" bf_password_name = "password" bf_form_name = "loginForm" bf_username = "xxxxx" bf_password = "yyyyy" urlLogIn = "http://www.betfair.com/" accountUrl = "https://myaccount.betfair.com/account/home?rlhm=0&" # This url I will use to verify if log in has been successful br = mechanize.Browser(factory=mechanize.RobustFactory()) br.addheaders = [("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_5_8) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.90 Safari/537.1")] br.open(urlLogIn) br.select_form(nr=0) print br.form br.form[bf_username_name] = bf_username br.form[bf_password_name] = bf_password print br.form #just to check username and psw have been recorded correctly responseSubmit = br.submit() response = br.open(accountUrl) text_file = open("LogInResponse.html", "w") text_file.write(responseSubmit.read()) #this file should show the home page with me logged in, but it show home page as if I was not logged it text_file.close() text_file = open("Account.html", "w") text_file.write(response.read()) #this file should show my account page, but it should a pop up with an error text_file.close()

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  • Python combinations no repeat by constraint

    - by user2758113
    I have a tuple of tuples (Name, val 1, val 2, Class) tuple = (("Jackson",10,12,"A"), ("Ryan",10,20,"A"), ("Michael",10,12,"B"), ("Andrew",10,20,"B"), ("McKensie",10,12,"C"), ("Alex",10,20,"D")) I need to return all combinations using itertools combinations that do not repeat classes. How can I return combinations that dont repeat classes. For example, the first returned statement would be: tuple0, tuple2, tuple4, tuple5 and so on.

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  • Search for a pattern in a list of strings - Python

    - by Holtz
    I have a list of strings containing filenames such as, file_names = ['filei.txt','filej.txt','filek.txt','file2i.txt','file2j.txt','file2k.txt','file3i.txt','file3j.txt','file3k.txt'] I then remove the .txt extension using: extension = os.path.commonprefix([n[::-1] for n in file_names])[::-1] file_names_strip = [n[:-len(extension)] for n in file_names] And then return the last character of each string in the list file_names_strip: h = [n[-1:] for n in file_names_strip] Which gives h = ['i', 'j', 'k', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'i', 'j', 'k'] How can i test for a pattern of strings in h? So if i,j,k occur sequentially it would return True and False if not. I need to know this because not all file names are formatted like they are in file_names. So: test_ijk_pattern(h) = True no_pattern = ['1','2','3','1','2','3','1','2','3'] test_ijk_pattern(no_pattern) = False

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  • Python: Count lines and differentiate between them

    - by Mister X
    I'm using an application that gives a timed output based on how many times something is done in a minute, and I wish to manually take the output (copy paste) and have my program, and I wish to count how many times each minute it is done. An example output is this: 13:48 An event happened. 13:48 Another event happened. 13:49 A new event happened. 13:49 A random event happened. 13:49 An event happened. So, the program would need to understand that 2 things happened at 13:48, and 3 at 13:49. I'm not sure how the information would be stored, but I need to average them after, to determine an average of how often it happens. Sorry for being so complicated!

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  • I have an Errno 13 Permission denied with subprocess in python

    - by wDroter
    The line with the issue is ret=subprocess.call(shlex.split(cmd)) cmd = /usr/share/java -cp pig-hadoop-conf-Simpsons:lib/pig-0.8.1-cdh3u1-core.jar:lib/hadoop-core-0.20.2-cdh3u1.jar org.apache.pig.Main -param func=cat -param from =foo.txt -x mapreduce fsFunc.pig The error is. File "./run_pig.py", line 157, in process ret=subprocess.call(shlex.split(cmd)) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 493, in call return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 679, in __init__ errread, errwrite) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1249, in _execute_child raise child_exception OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied Let me know if any more info is needed. Any help is appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Exporting dates properly formatted on Google Appengine in Python

    - by Chris M
    I think this is right but google appengine seems to get to a certain point and cop-out; Firstly is this code actually right; and secondly is there away to skip the record if it cant output (like an ignore errors and continue)? class TrackerExporter(bulkloader.Exporter): def __init__(self): bulkloader.Exporter.__init__(self, 'SearchRec', [('__key__', lambda key:key.name(), None), ('WebSite', str, None), ('DateStamp', lambda x: datetime.datetime.strptime(x, '%d-%m-%Y').date(), None), ('IP', str, None), ('UserAgent', str, None)]) Thanks

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  • Python metaclass to run a class method automatically on derived class

    - by Barry Steyn
    I want to automatically run a class method defined in a base class on any derived class during the creation of the class. For instance: class Base(object): @classmethod def runme(): print "I am being run" def __metclass__(cls,parents,attributes): clsObj = type(cls,parents,attributes) clsObj.runme() return clsObj class Derived(Base): pass: What happens here is that when Base is created, ''runme()'' will fire. But nothing happens when Derived is created. The question is: How can I make ''runme()'' also fire when creating Derived. This is what I have thought so far: If I explicitly set Derived's metclass to Base's, it will work. But I don't want that to happen. I basically want Derived to use the Base's metaclass without me having to explicitly set it so.

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  • Find&Replace using Python - Binary file

    - by Aaron Hoffman
    Hello, I'm attempting to do a "find and replace" in a file on a Mac OS X computer. Although it appears to work correctly. It seems that the file is somehow altered. The text editor that I use (Text Wrangler) is unable to even open the file once this is completed. Here is the code as I have it: import fileinput for line in fileinput.FileInput("testfile.txt",inplace=1): line = line.replace("newhost",host) print line, When I view the file from the terminal, it does say "testfile" may be a binary file. See it anyway? Is there a chance that this replace is corrupting the file? Do I have another option for this to work? I really appreciate the help. Thank you, Aaron UPDATE: the actual file is NOT a .txt file it is a .plist file which is preference file in Mac OS X if that makes any difference

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  • Python - calendar.timegm() vs. time.mktime()

    - by ibz
    I seem to have a hard time getting my head around this. What's the difference between calendar.timegm() and time.mktime()? Say I have a datetime.datetime with no tzinfo attached, shouldn't the two give the same output? Don't they both give the number of seconds between epoch and the date passed as a parameter? And since the date passed has no tzinfo, isn't that number of seconds the same? >>> import calendar >>> import time >>> import datetime >>> d = datetime.datetime(2010, 10, 10) >>> calendar.timegm(d.timetuple()) 1286668800 >>> time.mktime(d.timetuple()) 1286640000.0 >>>

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  • Python Tkinter after loop not working fast enough

    - by user2658538
    I am making a simple metronome where it plays a tick sound every few milliseconds depending on the bpm and plays the sound using the winsound module. I use tkinter because there will be a gui component later but for now the metronome code is working, it plays the sound at a constant rate, but even though I set the after loop to play the sound every few milliseconds, it waits longer and the beat is slower than it should be. Is it a problem with the code or a problem with the way I calculate the time? Thanks. Here is my code. from Tkinter import * import winsound,time,threading root=Tk() c=Canvas(root) c.pack() class metronome(): def __init__(self,root,canvas,tempo=100): self.root=root self.root.bind("<1>",self.stop) self.c=canvas self.thread=threading.Thread(target=self.play) self.thread.daemon=True self.pause=False self.tempo=tempo/60.0 self.tempo=1.0/self.tempo self.tempo*=1000 def play(self): winsound.PlaySound("tick.wav",winsound.SND_FILENAME) self.sound=self.c.after(int(self.tempo),self.play) def stop(self,e): self.c.after_cancel(self.sound) beat=metronome(root,c,120) beat.thread.start() root.mainloop()

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  • Problem with dictionary key in Python

    - by Hossein
    Hi all, For some project I have to make a dictionary in which the keys are urls,among which I have this url: http://www.microsoft.com/isapi/redir.dll prd=windows&sbp=mediaplayer&ar=Media&sba=Guide&pver=6.2 the url is too long to fit in here I guess in one single line. there is a space between .dll and prd. I can build a dictionary without any errors this url is also a key. but for some reason when I want to extract the values associated to this key(url). I cannot, I get and error "error key:...." Does someone know what is wrong with this url? Are dictionary keys sensitive to some stuff? thanks

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  • Python: Embed Chaco in PyQt4 Mystery

    - by random guy
    How do i go about adding Chaco to an existing PyQt4 application? Hours of searches yielded little (search for yourself). So far i've figured i need the following lines: import os os.environ['ETS_TOOLKIT']='qt4' i could not find PyQt4-Chaco code anywhere on the internets i would be very grateful to anyone filling in the blanks to show me the simplest line plot possible (with 2 points) from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui import sys import os os.environ['ETS_TOOLKIT']='qt4' from enthought <blanks> : : app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) main_window = QtGui.QMainWindow() main_window.setCentralWidget(<blanks>) main_window.show() app.exec_() print('bye') what Chaco/Enthought class inherits from QWidget ?

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  • Python 2.6 + PIL + Google App Engine issue

    - by mswallace
    I am using OS X 1.6 snow leopard and I successfully got PIL installed. I am able to open terminal and type import Image without any errors. However, When using app engine I get Image error still saying that PIL is not installed. I am wondering if any of you have an thoughts as to how I can resolve this issue. -Matthew

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  • Can't iterate over a list class in Python

    - by Vicky
    I'm trying to write a simple GUI front end for Plurk using pyplurk. I have successfully got it to create the API connection, log in, and retrieve and display a list of friends. Now I'm trying to retrieve and display a list of Plurks. pyplurk provides a GetNewPlurks function as follows: def GetNewPlurks(self, since): '''Get new plurks since the specified time. Args: since: [datetime.datetime] the timestamp criterion. Returns: A PlurkPostList object or None. ''' offset = jsonizer.conv_datetime(since) status_code, result = self._CallAPI('/Polling/getPlurks', offset=offset) return None if status_code != 200 else \ PlurkPostList(result['plurks'], result['plurk_users'].values()) As you can see this returns a PlurkPostList, which in turn is defined as follows: class PlurkPostList: '''A list of plurks and the set of users that posted them.''' def __init__(self, plurk_json_list, user_json_list=[]): self._plurks = [PlurkPost(p) for p in plurk_json_list] self._users = [PlurkUser(u) for u in user_json_list] def __iter__(self): return self._plurks def GetUsers(self): return self._users def __eq__(self, other): if other.__class__ != PlurkPostList: return False if self._plurks != other._plurks: return False if self._users != other._users: return False return True Now I expected to be able to do something like this: api = plurk_api_urllib2.PlurkAPI(open('api.key').read().strip(), debug_level=1) plurkproxy = PlurkProxy(api, json.loads) user = plurkproxy.Login('my_user', 'my_pass') ps = plurkproxy.GetNewPlurks(datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0)) print ps for p in ps: print str(p) When I run this, what I actually get is: <plurk.PlurkPostList instance at 0x01E8D738> from the "print ps", then: for p in ps: TypeError: __iter__ returned non-iterator of type 'list' I don't understand - surely a list is iterable? Where am I going wrong - how do I access the Plurks in the PlurkPostList?

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