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• Is Rsync like subversion, but for a server?

  - by johnlai2004

  I'm trying to learn how to use rsync. I want to create daily backs up of my production server. Right now I run the command rsync -azr /var/www/* [email protected]:/var/www Now let's say one day, I want to roll back the /var/www/ directory on my production server to last month's version. How do I tell rsync to retrieve version N? On reading that rsync only copies differences between src and dest, I assumed rsync works like subversion where you commit changes to a destination, and keep track of every version, and with the option to checkout any version at anytime. Is that the way rsync works? It's like subversion but for an entire server? That would be great because then it means I don't have to do full ssh copies for my nightly backups.

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• Lost sudo/su on Amazon EC2 instance

  - by barrycarter

  I have an Amazon EC2 instance. I can login just fine, but neither "su" nor "sudo" work now (they worked fine previously): "su" requests a password, but I login using ssh keys, and I don't think the root user even has a password. "sudo <anything>" does this: sudo: /etc/sudoers is owned by uid 222, should be 0 sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting I probably did "chown ec2-user /etc/sudoers" (or, more likely "chown -R ec2-user /etc" because I was sick of rsync failing), so this is my fault. How do I recover? I stopped the instance and tried the "View/Change User Data" option on the AWS EC2 console, but this didn't help. EDIT: I realize I could kill this instance and create a new one, but was hoping to avoid something that extreme.

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• linux: selective sudo access for a particular command

  - by bguiz

  Hi, Is it possible to grant a particular user sudo access for one particular command only? Thanks -- More info: We farm out lengthy optimisation runs to each other's boxes over ssh. These runs take hours, sometimes days. The shutdown command can only be run in sudo. Being conscious of my environmental footprint, I would like to give the initiator(s) of these runs sudo access to the shutdown command on my box, without sudo access for everything else - so that they may shutdown my machine when they no longer need it. I am aware that I can schedule a shutdown before I leave my box, but I am looking for a better solution.

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• How To Create An FTP User That Has Permission To EVERYTHING

  - by Serg

  I've spent the last two hours trying to create an FTP user so I can transfer some files over to my Wordpress blog folder. /var/www/sergiotapia.me I'm using vsftpd and Ubuntu 12.04 for my FTP server and I've read tons of documentation, none of which seem to work. I still cannot log in with the FTP user, let alone test if I even have the read/write file permissions. Can a Linux guru here, help me out with a small step by step? I'm comfortable with the terminal and nano, so that's not an issue - I'll SSH into my box. Just tell me what to do and what commands to run. Specifically, this user needs to have read and write access to the /var/ folder and anything within it. I want to have 1 user that can do whatever the heck he wants on my Ubuntu 12.04 VPS machine.

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• Have Ubuntu 9.10 desktop, just got Macbook Pro. Share over Samba, NFS, other?

  - by miamisoftware

  Hi everyone. As the title says, I have and love my Ubuntu 9.10 desktop (use it for programming). Just got a Macbook Pro (Snow Leopard) and stuff like Documents, etc, trying to figure out easiest way to share my Ubuntu desktop with my Macbook Pro. Should I use Samba or NFS and is it easy to configure one (or something else) for only in network access (192.168.1.x). It took me about 2 days to find/setup Macfuse and Macfusion for sshfs to the Fedora web server and I'm hoping there's something much easier for this in network access. But if it requires or is suggested I go ssh, I can do that. Are there any security problems with either Samba or NFS - don't know much about AFP-Apple protocol so I've not brought it up. Thanks in advance.

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• Tools to manage large network of heterogeneous web applications?

  - by Andrew

  I recently started a new job where I've been tasked with managing a global network of heterogenous web applications. There's very little documentation. My first order of business is to create an inventory of all of the web applications. Are there any tools out there to manage a large group of web apps? I'd like to collect a large dataset for each website including: logins for web based control panels logins to FTP/ssh accounts Google analytics tracking code for each site 3rd party libraries used SSL certs, issuers, and expiration dates etc I know I could keep the information in Excel or build a custom database, but I'm hoping there's already a tool out there to help me with this.

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• OpenVPN client on Amazon EC2

  - by Matt Culbreth

  I have an account with an OpenVPN service, and I'd like to get that running on my EC2 instance running Ubuntu 12.04. I have my config file in /etc/openvpn, and it connects fine when I run sudo openvpn --config matt.ovpn. However, I then lose connectivity to the EC2 machine, and I can't SSH back to it until I reboot. Previously I have done things like sudo ip rule add from IP_ADDRESS table 10 and then sudo ip route add default via GATEWAY_IP table 10, but that's not working on EC2. Any ideas? My private IP address right now is 10.209.29.XXX and my gateway is 10.209.29.1.

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• How switch between screen inside screen?

  - by André Andrade

  I have to work inside two environment. One Windows (local) and one Linux (remote). I've installed the screen linux utility in both. I'm able to open a screen on my windows, then in one tab, I opened a ssh connection to the linux remote and I start another screen. Sample linux -- |0 linux remote 0| 1 linux remote 1 windows-- |0 linux | 9 windows I can switch between "linux remote 0" and "linux remote 1" using Atl+. This is configured in .screenrc (bindkey "^[0" select 0) How could I switch to "9 windows"?

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• How to deny access to disabled AD accounts via kerberos in pam_krb5?

  - by Phil

  I have a working AD/Linux/LDAP/KRB5 directory and authentication setup, with one small problem. When an account is disabled, SSH publickey authentication still allows user login. It's clear that kerberos clients can identify a disabled account, as kinit and kpasswd return "Clients credentials have been revoked" with no further password / interaction. Can PAM be configured (with "UsePAM yes" in sshd_config) to disallow logins for disabled accounts, where authentication is done by publickey? This doesn't seem to work: account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so Please don't introduce winbind in your answer - we don't use it.

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• Logging upload attempt with proftpd

  - by Amit Sonnenschein

  I have a logging server that i use with external hardware, the idea is that a special hardware is uploading logs about it's operation every few hours and from the server i can do whatever i need to do with the information, the old server was getting a bit too old and i've moved to a new one, i've install lamp,proftpd and ssh (just the same as i had on the old server). now for some reason the logs are not being uploaded and i don't know why. the hardware uses a direct ftp access - i've the proftpd.log and saw that the connection is not being rejected (just to make sure i didn't make a mistake with the user/pass) my problem is that for some reason the upload itself is failing... it might be due to wrong path (as it's hard coded in the hardware) but i can't really know as proftpd wont give me any details.. i've tried to change the loglevel to "debug" thinking it would give me more information but i don't see any change... is there any other way i can make sure proftpd logs EVERTHING ?

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• How to set umask for a folder and it's subfolder?

  - by Cyril N.

  I'm working on the same directory with some friends and they access it via SSH. I added us in the same group and defined a sticky bit to keep the user:group values the same. But when a user create a file/folder, the Write attribute is not defined for the group, disabling other to write it/on it. How can I define the Umask to add the Write value for groups in the specific directory and it's subfolders ? I tried to find some help before, but I only saw helps for Fedora/CentOs, and I'm using Debian Squeeze. Thanks for your help

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• Why is rsync.exe [cwRsync] trying to open a port when in client mode?

  - by hemancuso

  I'm trying to use a cygwin compiled version of rsync [the cwrsync package] on Windows and in seemingly whatever configuration I test in there is a request to the user presented by Windows Firewall to allow inbound traffic. If you deny this request, everything works fine - as expected. I'm doing a vanilla push rsync.exe localpath user@remotepath:/absolutepath and it works just fine. I've also attempted this command having deleted ssh from the path and using rsync on local paths - still a firewall prompt. Why is this listen() happening and is there a way I can force the client to not attempt to listen without recompiling and maintaing a patch?

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• Rsync : execute permission required

  - by user651488

  I'm using rsync between two servers to transfer files. The problem is some files are not transferred. I get this error : rsync: readlink "/var/www/index.html" failed: Permission denied (13) So I check permissions on the server and after make tests, I notice a file is transferred only if it has these permissions : R-W ! If the file have these permissions : R--, Rsync can't download it !? Command: /usr/bin/rsync -avzr -e "/usr/bin/ssh -i /home/replication/thishost-rsync-key" [email protected]:/var/www/index.html ./ Is it a bug with Rsync ? I find any information about this problem. Thanks for your help Debian Etch 2.6.30 Rsync 2.6.9 protocol version 29

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• How does Apache handle port forwarding?

  - by vfclists

  I setup a localhost portforwarding configuration in the coLinux .conf file, forwarding port 8090 to port 80 in the VM. When http://localhost:8090 is entered in the browser, I get the correct response from nginx, but with Apache the response get the error /htdocs not found in the log. However if I do a local port forwarding from 8090 to port 80 via SSH Apache responds fine. Is there something about the way Apache handles the port redirection that causes it to fail? PS, For those unfamiliar with coLinux it allows localhost connections to get to the VM by forwarding localhost ports on the Windows host to ports on the VM, as the 10.x.x.x IP it not accessible from the Windows host.

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• Converting an ancient RH8 system to VMware ESXi

  - by donatello

  I am curious to know what options I have to convert a very old RedHat8 machine to a virtual one on ESXi. Looking at VMware Converter it seems there's an option to login to the RH8 using SSH, and from there it will convert to the ESXi-server. That makes me a bit nervous though, exactly what is happening there? The RH8 machine is slightly critical, and if anything messes up it'll likely result in many hours extra work. :( Another option I thought of was to boot a LiveCD on RH8-system and create a raw "dd dump" of the disk. The similar method is used to restore the image, I boot a LiveCD on the VM in ESXi and use "dd" to write it to disk. Is there any other option I could use? I'm using the cheap version of ESXi, hence I have no access to the Converter BootCD so these rather cumbersome methods is the only I can think of. :)

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• FreeBSD's VPN & Mac OS X IPSecuritas

  - by alexus

  I need to be able to VPN in to my FreeBSD server from my Mac using IPSecuritas. I was wondering if anyone ever done something, I'm reading VPN over IPsec but that mainly covers if you had 2 nodes with 2 public IP address. My endpoint in IPSecuritas configured with MODE_CFG enabled so it'll have the other node to query my address from it's coming from. SSH is out of question, this is not a VPN solution, people who'd end up using VPN wouldn't know what to do, so I need very simple VPN the one that you get to use almost anywhere, you have a client and you have server, client makes a connection to server and boom, you in...

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• Is it possible to code on two different computers simultaneously?

  - by Muhammad

  I want to work with another programmer and I want the source code to be live in real-time on both of our screens. Is this possible on the Mac OS x or Linux? We're going to be using OS X but occasionally we might need to add an Ubuntu computer too. Is there a way I can do this using ssh, any shell based program, or even a good GUI? I thought Coda might be capable of this but it's not really working. Anyone ever do this? I'm not look for a git/svn/or any other version control system. This is more of a live coding session. :)

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• Successful su for user by root in /var/log/auth.log

  - by grs

  I have this sorts of entries in my /var/log/auth.log: Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1521]: Successful su for user1 by root Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1654]: Successful su for user2 by root Apr 3 12:32:24 machine_name su[1772]: Successful su for user3 by root Situation: All users are real accounts in /etc/passwd; None of the users has its own crontab; All of those users are logged in the machine some time ago via SSH or No Machine - time varies from few minutes to few hours; no cron jobs are scheduled to run at that time, anacron is removed; I can see similar entries for other days and other times. The common part is the users are logged in when it appears. It does not appear during login, but some time afterwards. This machine has similar setup with few others but it is the only one where I see these entries. What causes them? Thanks

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• Using Credentials with network scanners

  - by grossmae

  I'm testing out both Tenable's Nessus scanner as well as eEye's Retina for scanning network devices. I am trying to supply credentials to get deeper, more accurate results, however there seems to be no difference in the results whether I supply the credentials or not. I've read the documentation and it seems like I've tried all the logical settings in the Credential options. I've submit along with usernames and passwords for many different accounts and types of accounts (both SSH Credentials and Web Application Credentials) on the devices as well as their respective domain names (when applicable). Is there possibly a good test for either (or both) scanners to tell where these credentials are being provided (if at all) and if any of them are successfully getting authentication?

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• Ethernet port sleeping on PS3 running linux

  - by Doug

  My lab has a PS3 running Ubuntu Linux 9.04 Server Edition. After a period of a few hours with no use, the Ethernet connection (eth0) seems to go to sleep, causing the connection to be lost. Pinging or trying to SSH into the machine results in no response. The fix I've been using is to access the machine locally and restart it (trying to bring eth0 down then up doesn't seem to correct it). I've tried setting up an hourly cron job that runs on the PS3 and pings another machine just to create network activity, but this doesn't seem to solve the problem either. Update: The solution was to run the above cron job much more frequently: every 10 minutes works.

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• How to force rsync to use destination directory as root

  - by thepurplepixel

  I have a simple script to one-way-sync files/folders within a directory: #!/bin/bash HOST='<hostname>' USER='<username>' DIR='/downloads/' SOURCE='/srv/torrents' rsync -e "ssh -l $USER" --remove-source-files -h -4 -r --stats --progress -i $SOURCE $HOST:$DIR find $SOURCE -type d -empty -prune -exec rmdir -p \{\} \; However, when this rsync operation runs, it creates a folder, torrents in /downloads on the destination machine. How can I force rsync to put all folders & files from /srv/torrents (remote) into /downloads/ (local) instead of creating /downloads/torrents as a separate directory?

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• Alternatives to Citrix GoToAssist ?

  - by Evan Carroll

  Citrix GoToAssist is a really nifty little web application for customer support that allows you to take control of someones OSX, or Windows machine. Essentially, it works likes this: You log in to your management console You get a code You give them a code, and a website (fastsupport.com) They go there and enter in the code They accept the browser applet which installs a program on their computer You have control of their desktop You can see their desktop, configure applications, etc. They can also see when you disconnect. It is really rather nifty, but it doesn't support Linux and it is rather expensive (660$ a year). Does anyone know of any alternatives to this? I'm looking for a solution as simple on the user as this one, that doesn't require firewall configuration or setting up ssh/vnc/rdesktop etc.

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• Determine process using a port, without sudo

  - by pat

  I'd like to find out which process (in particular, the process id) is using a given port. The one catch is, I don't want to use sudo, nor am I logged in as root. The processes I want this to work for are run by the same user that I want to find the process id - so I would have thought this was simple. Both lsof and netstat won't tell me the process id unless I run them using sudo - they will tell me that the port is being used though. As some extra context - I have various apps all connecting via SSH to a server I manage, and creating reverse port forwards. Once those are set up, my server does some processing using the forwarded port, and then the connection can be killed. If I can map specific ports (each app has their own) to processes, this is a simple script. Any suggestions? This is on an Ubuntu box, by the way - but I'm guessing any solution will be standard across most Linux distros.

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• Private Git repo using Smart HTTP with LDAP authentification

  - by ALOToverflow

  I've been crawling the interwebz and getting my hands dirty for the last few days, but I can't seem to make it all work together. I managed to get a HTTP repo working with Ubuntu 10.04 over Smart HTTP (pull and push over HTTP) for a single repo. This means that I do the initial setup over SSH to the server (git init --bare) and after that the clients can pull and push to it (git clone http://servername/allgitrepos/repo.git). Unfortunately it's impossible to add a new repo without SSHing to the server and adding it manually) i.e. git push http://servername/allgitrepos/repo2.git (allgitrepos is available for everyone to read-write and execute) would fail talking about git update-server-info (which seems to be a general error message). So far the repository is anonymous, so I would like to authenticate using LDAP and also use the LDAP creds to make the git commit. So, how can I push new repos to the server and how can I use the LDAP creds to make the git commit. Thanks

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• Understanding connection tracking in iptables

  - by Matt

  I'm after some clarification of the state/connection tracking in iptables. What is the difference between these rules? iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT Is connection tracking turned on when a packet is first matched containing -m state --state BLA , or is connection tracking always on? Can/Should connection state be used for fast matching like below? e.g. suppose this is some sort of router/firewall (no nat). # Default DROP policy iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop invalid iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept established,related connections iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh through, track connection iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --syn --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

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