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  • Python/YACC Lexer: Token priority?

    - by Rosarch
    I'm trying to use reserved words in my grammar: reserved = { 'if' : 'IF', 'then' : 'THEN', 'else' : 'ELSE', 'while' : 'WHILE', } tokens = [ 'DEPT_CODE', 'COURSE_NUMBER', 'OR_CONJ', 'ID', ] + list(reserved.values()) t_DEPT_CODE = r'[A-Z]{2,}' t_COURSE_NUMBER = r'[0-9]{4}' t_OR_CONJ = r'or' t_ignore = ' \t' def t_ID(t): r'[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*' if t.value in reserved.values(): t.type = reserved[t.value] return t return None However, the t_ID rule somehow swallows up DEPT_CODE and OR_CONJ. How can I get around this? I'd like those two to take higher precedence than the reserved words.

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  • Python - Compress Ascii String

    - by n0idea
    I'm looking for a way to compress an ascii-based string, any help? I need also need to decompress it. I tried zlib but with no help. What can I do to compress the string into lesser length? code: def compress(request): if request.POST: data = request.POST.get('input') if is_ascii(data): result = zlib.compress(data) return render_to_response('index.html', {'result': result, 'input':data}, context_instance = RequestContext(request)) else: result = "Error, the string is not ascii-based" return render_to_response('index.html', {'result':result}, context_instance = RequestContext(request)) else: return render_to_response('index.html', {}, context_instance = RequestContext(request))

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  • PYTHON: Look for match in a nested list

    - by elfuego1
    Hello everybody, I have two nested lists of different sizes: A = [[1, 7, 3, 5], [5, 5, 14, 10]] B = [[1, 17, 3, 5], [1487, 34, 14, 74], [1487, 34, 3, 87], [141, 25, 14, 10]] I'd like to gather all nested lists from list B if A[2:4] == B[2:4] and put it into list L: L = [[1, 17, 3, 5], [141, 25, 14, 10]] Would you help me with this?

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  • how to send some data to the Thread module on python and google-map-engine

    - by zjm1126
    from google.appengine.ext import db class Log(db.Model): content = db.StringProperty(multiline=True) class MyThread(threading.Thread): def run(self,request): #logs_query = Log.all().order('-date') #logs = logs_query.fetch(3) log=Log() log.content=request.POST.get('content',None) log.put() def Log(request): thr = MyThread() thr.start(request) return HttpResponse('') error is : Exception in thread Thread-1: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Python25\lib\threading.py", line 486, in __bootstrap_inner self.run() File "D:\zjm_code\helloworld\views.py", line 33, in run log.content=request.POST.get('content',None) NameError: global name 'request' is not defined

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  • Restart logging to a new file (Python)

    - by compie
    I'm using the following code to initialize logging in my application. logger = logging.getLogger() logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # log to a file directory = '/reserved/DYPE/logfiles' now = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S") filename = os.path.join(directory, 'dype_%s.log' % now) file_handler = logging.FileHandler(filename) file_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(filename)s, %(lineno)d, %(funcName)s: %(message)s") file_handler.setFormatter(formatter) logger.addHandler(file_handler) # log to the console console_handler = logging.StreamHandler() level = logging.INFO console_handler.setLevel(level) logger.addHandler(console_handler) logging.debug('logging initialized') How can I close the current logging file and restart logging to a new file? Note: I don't want to use RotatingFileHandler, because I want full control over all the filenames and the moment of rotation.

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  • Dynamically adding @property in python

    - by rz
    I know that I can dynamically add an instance method to an object by doing something like: import types def my_method(self): # logic of method # ... # instance is some instance of some class instance.my_method = types.MethodType(my_method, instance) Later on I can call instance.my_method() and self will be bound correctly and everything works. Now, my question: how to do the exact same thing to obtain the behavior that decorating the new method with @property would give? I would guess something like: instance.my_method = types.MethodType(my_method, instance) instance.my_method = property(instance.my_method) But, doing that instance.my_method returns a property object.

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  • Proper structure for many test cases in Python with unittest

    - by mellort
    I am looking into the unittest package, and I'm not sure of the proper way to structure my test cases when writing a lot of them for the same method. Say I have a fact function which calculates the factorial of a number; would this testing file be OK? import unittest class functions_tester(unittest.TestCase): def test_fact_1(self): self.assertEqual(1, fact(1)) def test_fact_2(self): self.assertEqual(2, fact(2)) def test_fact_3(self): self.assertEqual(6, fact(3)) def test_fact_4(self): self.assertEqual(24, fact(4)) def test_fact_5(self): self.assertFalse(1==fact(5)) def test_fact_6(self): self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, fact, -1) #fact(-1) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() It seems sloppy to have so many test methods for one method. I'd like to just have one testing method and put a ton of basic test cases (ie 4! ==24, 3!==6, 5!==120, and so on), but unittest doesn't let you do that. What is the best way to structure a testing file in this scenario? Thanks in advance for the help.

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  • python cairoplot store previous readings..

    - by krisdigitx
    hi, i am using cairoplot, to make graphs, however the file from where i am reading the data is growing huge and its taking a long time to process the graph is there any real-time way to produce cairo graph, or at least store the previous readings..like rrd. -krisdigitx

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  • python: strip comma end of string

    - by krisdigitx
    how do i strip comma from the end of an string, i tried awk = subprocess.Popen([r"awk", "{print $10}"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE) awk_stdin = awk.communicate(uptime_stdout)[0] print awk_stdin temp = awk_stdin t = temp.strip(",") also tried t = temp.rstrip(","), both don't work.

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  • Extra characters Extracted with XPath and Python (html)

    - by Nacari
    I have been using XPath with scrapy to extract text from html tags online, but when I do I get extra characters attached. An example is trying to extract a number, like "204" from a <td> tag and getting [u'204']. In some cases its much worse. For instance trying to extract "1 - Mathoverflow" and instead getting [u'\r\n\t\t 1 \u2013 MathOverflow\r\n\t\t ']. Is there a way to prevent this, or trim the strings so that the extra characters arent a part of the string? (using items to store the data). It looks like it has something to do with formatting, so how do I get xpath to not pick up that stuff?

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  • Python and sqlite3 - importing and exporting databases

    - by JPC
    I'm trying to write a script to import a database file. I wrote the script to export the file like so: import sqlite3 con = sqlite3.connect('../sqlite.db') with open('../dump.sql', 'w') as f: for line in con.iterdump(): f.write('%s\n' % line) Now I want to be able to import that database. I tried: import sqlite3 con = sqlite3.connect('../sqlite.db') f = open('../dump.sql','r') str = f.read() con.execute(str) but I'm not allowed to execute more than one statement. Is there a way to get it to run a .sql script directly?

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  • file output in python giving me garbage

    - by Richard
    When I write the following code I get garbage for an output. It is just a simple program to find prime numbers. It works when the first for loops range only goes up to 1000 but once the range becomes large the program fail's to output meaningful data output = open("output.dat", 'w') for i in range(2, 10000): prime = 1 for j in range(2, i-1): if i%j == 0: prime = 0 j = i-1 if prime == 1: output.write(str(i) + " " ) output.close() print "writing finished"

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  • Rectangle Rotation in Python/Pygame

    - by mramazingguy
    Hey I'm trying to rotate a rectangle around its center and when I try to rotate the rectangle, it moves up and to the left at the same time. Does anyone have any ideas on how to fix this? def rotatePoint(self, angle, point, origin): sinT = sin(radians(angle)) cosT = cos(radians(angle)) return (origin[0] + (cosT * (point[0] - origin[0]) - sinT * (point[1] - origin[1])), origin[1] + (sinT * (point[0] - origin[0]) + cosT * (point[1] - origin[1]))) def rotateRect(self, degrees): center = (self.collideRect.centerx, self.collideRect.centery) self.collideRect.topleft = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.topleft, center) self.collideRect.topright = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.topright, center) self.collideRect.bottomleft = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.bottomleft, center) self.collideRect.bottomright = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.bottomright, center)

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  • Efficient file buffering & scanning methods for large files in python

    - by eblume
    The description of the problem I am having is a bit complicated, and I will err on the side of providing more complete information. For the impatient, here is the briefest way I can summarize it: What is the fastest (least execution time) way to split a text file in to ALL (overlapping) substrings of size N (bound N, eg 36) while throwing out newline characters. I am writing a module which parses files in the FASTA ascii-based genome format. These files comprise what is known as the 'hg18' human reference genome, which you can download from the UCSC genome browser (go slugs!) if you like. As you will notice, the genome files are composed of chr[1..22].fa and chr[XY].fa, as well as a set of other small files which are not used in this module. Several modules already exist for parsing FASTA files, such as BioPython's SeqIO. (Sorry, I'd post a link, but I don't have the points to do so yet.) Unfortunately, every module I've been able to find doesn't do the specific operation I am trying to do. My module needs to split the genome data ('CAGTACGTCAGACTATACGGAGCTA' could be a line, for instance) in to every single overlapping N-length substring. Let me give an example using a very small file (the actual chromosome files are between 355 and 20 million characters long) and N=8 import cStringIO example_file = cStringIO.StringIO("""\ header CAGTcag TFgcACF """) for read in parse(example_file): ... print read ... CAGTCAGTF AGTCAGTFG GTCAGTFGC TCAGTFGCA CAGTFGCAC AGTFGCACF The function that I found had the absolute best performance from the methods I could think of is this: def parse(file): size = 8 # of course in my code this is a function argument file.readline() # skip past the header buffer = '' for line in file: buffer += line.rstrip().upper() while len(buffer) = size: yield buffer[:size] buffer = buffer[1:] This works, but unfortunately it still takes about 1.5 hours (see note below) to parse the human genome this way. Perhaps this is the very best I am going to see with this method (a complete code refactor might be in order, but I'd like to avoid it as this approach has some very specific advantages in other areas of the code), but I thought I would turn this over to the community. Thanks! Note, this time includes a lot of extra calculation, such as computing the opposing strand read and doing hashtable lookups on a hash of approximately 5G in size. Post-answer conclusion: It turns out that using fileobj.read() and then manipulating the resulting string (string.replace(), etc.) took relatively little time and memory compared to the remainder of the program, and so I used that approach. Thanks everyone!

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  • Sorting Python list based on the length of the string

    - by prosseek
    I want to sort a list of strings based on the string length. I tried to use sort as follows, but it doesn't seem to give me correct result. xs = ['dddd','a','bb','ccc'] print xs xs.sort(lambda x,y: len(x) < len(y)) print xs ['dddd', 'a', 'bb', 'ccc'] ['dddd', 'a', 'bb', 'ccc'] What might be wrong?

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  • supply inputs to python unittests

    - by zubin71
    I`m relatively new to the concept of unit-testing and have very little experience in the same. I have been looking at lots of articles on how to write unit-tests; however, I still have difficulty in writing tests where conditions like the following arise:- Test user Input. Test input read from a file. Test input read from an environment variable. Itd be great if someone could show me how to approach the above mentioned scenarios; itd still be awesome if you could point me to a few docs/articles/blog posts which I could read.

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  • Python string formatting too slow

    - by wich
    I use the following code to log a map, it is fast when it only contains zeroes, but as soon as there is actual data in the map it becomes unbearably slow... Is there any way to do this faster? log_file = open('testfile', 'w') for i, x in ((i, start + i * interval) for i in range(length)): log_file.write('%-5d %8.3f %13g %13g %13g %13g %13g %13g\n' % (i, x, map[0][i], map[1][i], map[2][i], map[3][i], map[4][i], map[5][i]))

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  • Python and classes

    - by Artyom
    Hello, i have 2 classes. How i call first.TQ in Second ? Without creating object First in Second. class First: def __init__(self): self.str = "" def TQ(self): pass def main(self): T = Second(self.str) # Called here class Second(): def __init__(self): list = {u"RANDINT":first.TQ} # List of funcs maybe called in first ..... ..... return data

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  • python: problem with dictionary get method default value

    - by goutham
    I'm having a new problem here .. CODE 1: try: urlParams += "%s=%s&"%(val['name'], data.get(val['name'], serverInfo_D.get(val['name']))) except KeyError: print "expected parameter not provided - "+val["name"]+" is missing" exit(0) CODE 2: try: urlParams += "%s=%s&"%(val['name'], data.get(val['name'], serverInfo_D[val['name']])) except KeyError: print "expected parameter not provided - "+val["name"]+" is missing" exit(0) see the diffrence in serverInfo_D[val['name']] & serverInfo_D.get(val['name']) code 2 fails but code 1 works the data serverInfo_D:{'user': 'usr', 'pass': 'pass'} data: {'par1': 9995, 'extraparam1': 22} val: {'par1','user','pass','extraparam1'} exception are raised for for data dict .. and all code in for loop which iterates over val

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  • match strings in python

    - by mesun
    Write a function, called constrainedMatchPair which takes three arguments: a tuple representing starting points for the first substring, a tuple representing starting points for the second substring, and the length of the first substring. The function should return a tuple of all members (call it n) of the first tuple for which there is an element in the second tuple (call it k) such that n+m+1 = k, where m is the length of the first substring. Complete the definition def constrainedMatchPair(firstMatch,secondMatch,length):

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  • Python: Unpack arbitary length bits for database storage

    - by sberry2A
    I have a binary data format consisting of 18,000+ packed int64s, ints, shorts, bytes and chars. The data is packed to minimize it's size, so they don't always use byte sized chunks. For example, a number whose min and max value are 31, 32 respectively might be stored with a single bit where the actual value is bitvalue + min, so 0 is 31 and 1 is 32. I am looking for the most efficient way to unpack all of these for subsequent processing and database storage. Right now I am able to read any value by using either struct.unpack, or BitBuffer. I use struct.unpack for any data that starts on a bit where (bit-offset % 8 == 0 and data-length % 8 == 0) and I use BitBuffer for anything else. I know the offset and size of every packed piece of data, so what is going to be the fasted way to completely unpack them? Many thanks.

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  • Python combinations no repeat by constraint

    - by user2758113
    I have a tuple of tuples (Name, val 1, val 2, Class) tuple = (("Jackson",10,12,"A"), ("Ryan",10,20,"A"), ("Michael",10,12,"B"), ("Andrew",10,20,"B"), ("McKensie",10,12,"C"), ("Alex",10,20,"D")) I need to return all combinations using itertools combinations that do not repeat classes. How can I return combinations that dont repeat classes. For example, the first returned statement would be: tuple0, tuple2, tuple4, tuple5 and so on.

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  • Pass in a value into Python Class through command line

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I have got some code to pass in a variable into a script from the command line. The script is: import sys, os def function(var): print var class function_call(object): def __init__(self, sysArgs): try: self.function = None self.args = [] self.modulePath = sysArgs[0] self.moduleDir, tail = os.path.split(self.modulePath) self.moduleName, ext = os.path.splitext(tail) __import__(self.moduleName) self.module = sys.modules[self.moduleName] if len(sysArgs) > 1: self.functionName = sysArgs[1] self.function = self.module.__dict__[self.functionName] self.args = sysArgs[2:] except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("%s %s\n" % ("PythonCall#__init__", e)) def execute(self): try: if self.function: self.function(*self.args) except Exception, e: sys.stderr.write("%s %s\n" % ("PythonCall#execute", e)) if __name__=="__main__": test = test() function_call(sys.argv).execute() This works by entering ./function <function> <arg1 arg2 ....>. The problem is that I want to to select the function I want that is in a class rather than just a function by itself. The code I have tried is the same except that function(var): is in a class. I was hoping for some ideas on how to modify my function_call class to accept this. Thanks for any help.

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  • Look for match in a nested list in Python

    - by elfuego1
    Hello everybody, I have two nested lists of different sizes: A = [[1, 7, 3, 5], [5, 5, 14, 10]] B = [[1, 17, 3, 5], [1487, 34, 14, 74], [1487, 34, 3, 87], [141, 25, 14, 10]] I'd like to gather all nested lists from list B if A[2:4] == B[2:4] and put it into list L: L = [[1, 17, 3, 5], [141, 25, 14, 10]] Additionally if the match occurs then I want to change last element of sublist B into first element of sublist A so the final solution would look like this: L1 = [[1, 17, 3, 1], [141, 25, 14, 5]]

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