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  • RAID 5 configuration and future expansion

    - by Alexis Hirst
    hi, I am building a PC to act as a file server among other things, and I was wondering whether it is a good idea to create 2 partitions on the RAID 5 array, one for OS one for data, or to have a separate disk for OS and use array for data. Also, one day i may want to add another disk to the array, so would there be any issues if I had the OS partition on the RAID5 array when it came to resizing the data partition?

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  • How to install Oracle Database 11g Express Edition on Ubuntu 12.10?

    - by Praneeth Pj
    I installed the Oracle database following the steps mentioned in this blog. Downloaded 11g express edition Created a new user oracle under the group dba. Following steps are executed using this. Unzipped oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip and then converted the rpm to the Ubuntu package by running: sudo alien --scripts -d oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm Created /sbin/chkconfig file and added the entries as specified there. Created /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf and added the entries as specified in the same link as above. Running the commands: ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk mkdir /var/lock/subsys touch /var/lock/subsys/listener .deb generated in step 3: sudo dpkg --install oracle-xe_11.2.0-2_amd64.deb Left the default values as it is: sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure Set the following env variables in ~/.bashrc file: export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe export ORACLE_SID=XE export NLS_LANG=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/nls_lang.sh` export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH Running the commands: chown -R oracle:dba /var/tmp/.oracle chmod -R 755 /var/tmp/.oracle chown -R oracle:dba /tmp/.oracle chmod -R 755 /tmp/.oracle Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance: sudo service oracle-xe start sqlplus / as sysdba and got the following: SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Thu Jan 3 09:41:58 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. Now when exectuting any SQL statements on SQLplus, I end up with the following error: SQL> select * from dual; select * from dual * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01034: ORACLE not available Process ID: 0 Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0 I have increased the swap memory as specified here $ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3901 3428 473 0 182 1988 -/+ buffers/cache: 1258 2643 Swap: 5066 0 5066

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  • Turn off Windows Defender on your builds

    - by george_v_reilly
    I've spent some time this evening profiling a Python application on Windows, trying to find out why it was so much slower than on Mac or Linux. The application is an in-house build tool which reads a number of config files, then writes some output files. Using the RunSnakeRun Python profile viewer on Windows, two things immediately leapt out at me: we were running os.stat a lot and file.close was really expensive. A quick test convinced me that we were stat-ing the same files over and over. It was a combination of explicit checks and implicit code, like os.walk calling os.path.isdir. I wrote a little cache that memoizes the results, which brought the cost of the os.stats down from 1.5 seconds to 0.6. Figuring out why closing files was so expensive was harder. I was writing 77 files, totaling just over 1MB, and it was taking 3.5 seconds. It turned out that it wasn't the UTF-8 codec or newline translation. It was simply that closing those files took far longer than it should have. I decided to try a different profiler, hoping to learn more. I downloaded the Windows Performance Toolkit. I recorded a couple of traces of my application running, then I looked at them in the Windows Performance Analyzer, whereupon I saw that in each case, the CPU spike of my app was followed by a CPU spike in MsMpEng.exe. What's MsMpEng.exe? It's Microsoft's antimalware engine, at the heart of Windows Defender. I added my build tree to the list of excluded locations, and my runtime halved. The 3.5 seconds of file closing dropped to 60 milliseconds, a 98% reduction. The moral of this story is: don't let your virus checker run on your builds.

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  • howto plan RAID for ESX

    - by maruti
    eight 300GB SAS drives are available. Can ESX be put on one disk as RAID-0 and others as RAID-5 ? so that in the event of disk failure data (VMs) are safe. if os disk RAID-0 fails could that be installed on replacement disk and still be able to keep VMs running? if not RAID-1 for OS is only option for OS disk? please suggest any other RAID options.

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  • How to ping virtualbox guest machine by hostname? [migrated]

    - by Punit Soni
    Here is the summary. VirtualBox 4.2.18 Host OS: Windows 7 Guest OS: Ubuntu 12.04 Networking: Bridged Adaptor I can ping Host and other machines in host's network from ubuntu guest using hostnames. But, I can only ping the guest machine using IP address from host and network machines. I have avahi-daemon running on Guest OS. I want to be able to ping/ssh the guest machine from host and other machines on network using hostname of the guest machine. Please help.

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  • Ruby, Rails & MySQL parity between Mac Client (10.6) & XServe (10.5)

    - by Meltemi
    We're setting up a RoR setup with Development on Mac OS X Client (10.6.3) and then using a Mac OS X Server (10.5.8) for testing and eventually deployment. I'd like to get as many systems in sync on these machines as possible. Wondering if there are any pitfalls. I seem to understand what's necessary under Client but Server has some hardwired stuff that I want to make sure doesn't break...or is updated correctly. Currently installed on both machines we have: OS X Client (10.6.3): Ruby 1.8.7 Rails 2.3.5 MySQL (not installed yet) OS X Server (10.5.8): Ruby 1.8.6 Rails 2.3.5 MySQL Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.82 Any suggestions...Ideally from someone who's done this on Leopard Server as well but I'll listen to general tips & proceedures

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  • Why does a PDF printed in iWork Pages 09 look crappy in Adobe Reader?

    - by Abhic
    Hello, I use Snow Leopard at home and work and recently realized that the documents I create in iWork Pages 09 don't look good in Adobe Reader. I go about creating a regular document and 'Print' - Save as PDF in Pages in OS X. The saved PDF file looks great in Preview in OS X but it looks pretty bad in Windows' Adobe Reader and even Adobe Acrobat in OS X. Is there something I could do to make it look better on both platforms? Thank you.

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  • HP DL 380G7 Raid swap drives

    - by dean
    disks 0 and 1 are raid redundant (OS) and the remaining 6 drives are in raid 5 I believe. i would like to pull out disks 0 and 1 and install new drives to build a new OS. I need to be able to reinsert the old drives and reboot back to the original OS. (swap) I had a serious problem in the past attempting this. does the raid require (look for) the drives based on a serial number or something? just dont want to lose data. thanks

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  • centos 6 ps aux hangs up

    - by Guntis
    I have problem with my server. Server is running centos 6 (CloudLinux Server release 6.2). uname -a = 2.6.32-320.4.1.lve1.1.4.el6.x86_64 That is a kvm guest. On host is debian 6. If i run command ps aux, it stuck on random process (shows some processes only), top command is working fine. htop doesn't work too (black screen). top - 12:11:51 up 34 min, 1 user, load average: 4.26, 6.71, 16.15 Tasks: 201 total, 7 running, 192 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie Cpu(s): 7.9%us, 2.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 87.5%id, 1.6%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 9862044k total, 2359484k used, 7502560k free, 171720k buffers Swap: 10485720k total, 0k used, 10485720k free, 1336872k cached server has one Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5606 @ 2.13GHz, free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 9630 2336 7293 0 170 1324 -/+ buffers/cache: 841 8789 Swap: 10239 0 10239 php -v PHP 5.3.19 (cli) (built: Nov 28 2012 10:03:07) Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies with the ionCube PHP Loader v4.2.2, Copyright (c) 2002-2012, by ionCube Ltd., and with Zend Guard Loader v3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2010, by Zend Technologies with Suhosin v0.9.33, Copyright (c) 2007-2012, by SektionEins GmbH mysql Server version: 5.1.63-cll php -i disable_functions => apache_child_terminate, apache_setenv, define_syslog_variables, escapeshellarg, escapeshellcmd, eval, exec, fp, fput, ftp_connect, ftp_e xec, ftp_get, ftp_login, ftp_nb_fput, ftp_put, ftp_raw, ftp_rawlist, highlight_file, ini_alter, ini_get_all, ini_restore, inject_code, openlog, passthru, php _uname, phpAds_remoteInfo, phpAds_XmlRpc, phpAds_xmlrpcDecode, phpAds_xmlrpcEncode, popen, posix_getpwuid, posix_kill, posix_mkfifo, posix_setpgid, posix_set sid, posix_setuid, posix_setuid, posix_uname, proc_close, proc_get_status, proc_nice, proc_open, proc_terminate, shell_exec, syslog, system, xmlrpc_entity_de code, xmlrpc_server_create, putenv, show_source,mail => apache_child_terminate, apache_setenv, define_syslog_variables, escapeshellarg, escapeshellcmd, eval, exec, fp, fput, ftp_connect, ftp_exec, ftp_get, ftp_login, ftp_nb_fput, ftp_put, ftp_raw, ftp_rawlist, highlight_file, ini_alter, ini_get_all, ini_restore, inject_code, openlog, passthru, php_uname, phpAds_remoteInfo, phpAds_XmlRpc, phpAds_xmlrpcDecode, phpAds_xmlrpcEncode, popen, posix_getpwuid, posix_kill, pos ix_mkfifo, posix_setpgid, posix_setsid, posix_setuid, posix_setuid, posix_uname, proc_close, proc_get_status, proc_nice, proc_open, proc_terminate, shell_exe c, syslog, system, xmlrpc_entity_decode, xmlrpc_server_create, putenv, show_source,mail ... suhosin.executor.disable_eval => Off => Off suhosin.executor.eval.blacklist => include,include_once,require,require_once,curl_init,fpassthru,base64_encode,base64_decode,mail,exec,system,proc_open,leak, syslog,pfsockopen,shell_exec,ini_restore,symlink,stream_socket_server,proc_nice,popen,proc_get_status,dl, pcntl_exec, pcntl_fork, pcntl_signal,pcntl_waitpid, pcntl_wexitstatus, pcntl_wifexited, pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifstopped, pcntl_wstopsig, pcntl_wtermsig, socket_accept,socket_bind, socket_connect, socket_cr eate, socket_create_listen,socket_create_pair,link,register_shutdown_function,register_tick_function,gzinflate => include,include_once,require,require_once,c url_init,fpassthru,base64_encode,base64_decode,mail,exec,system,proc_open,leak,syslog,pfsockopen,shell_exec,ini_restore,symlink,stream_socket_server,proc_nic e,popen,proc_get_status,dl, pcntl_exec, pcntl_fork, pcntl_signal,pcntl_waitpid, pcntl_wexitstatus, pcntl_wifexited, pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifstopped, pcntl _wstopsig, pcntl_wtermsig, socket_accept,socket_bind, socket_connect, socket_create, socket_create_listen,socket_create_pair,link,register_shutdown_function, register_tick_function,gzinflate Sometimes i cannot kill httpd process. I run kill -9 PID even several times, and nothing happens. php runs via suphp. I learned somewhere that it can be trojan. I ran strace ps aux and it stops on open("/proc/PID/cmdline", O_RDONLY) If i reboot server, problem is gone but after some time it is back again .. :( Thanks.

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  • Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 32bit does not detect 4Gb ram

    - by David
    I have recently installed 4Gb of ram for an existing 12.04 32bit Ubuntu. It's not being recognised, only 3.2Gb is showing, See: administrator@Root2:~$ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3355256 1251112 2104144 0 48664 391972 -/+ buffers/cache: 810476 2544780 System is PAE capable, See: administrator@Root2:~$ grep --color=always -i PAE /proc/cpuinfo flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm dts flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm dts The system us fully patched and tried to run manual PAE upgrade, See: administrator@Root2:~$ sudo apt-get install linux-generic-pae linux-headers-generic-pae [sudo] password for administrator: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done linux-generic-pae is already the newest version. linux-headers-generic-pae is already the newest version. The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-kde-en language-pack-kde-zh-hans language-pack-kde-en-base kde-l10n-engb kde-l10n-zhcn language-pack-zh-hans-base firefox-locale-zh-hans language-pack-kde-zh-hans-base Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. I am not sure what else to try to recognise the full physical memory installed other than loading 64bit. Any thoughts? Thanks! output of uname -r administrator@Root2:~$ uname -r 3.2.0-24-generic-pae

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  • How to configure vmware in this situation?

    - by Yousui
    Hi guys, Now I'm using a router to connect my computer to the Internet. I installed VMware Workstation 7 on my computer and installed a guest OS which is CentOS 5.3. Now I want to using putty to connect to the guest OS in my host computer, and I need the guest os can access the Internet too. How can I configure my host's network, guest os and my router? I have little knowledge about network, can you guys give me a step by step direction or something similar? Great thanks!

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  • Sync sticky notes between Windows 7 and Linux on Dual Boot System?

    - by TheLQ
    I love Windows 7's sticky notes, it really helps. Here's the issue though: I dual boot Windows 7 and Fedora Linux. Whichever OS I'm in is random, depending on what I'm wanting to do at the time. Therefore I can't rely on just keeping the notes in my "primary" OS and referencing it when needed Does anybody know of a way to sync Windows 7's Sticky Notes with Fedora? Various Google searches haven't yielded much as they deal with primarily syncing between common OS's.

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  • 2008 Sever Randomly reboots.

    - by Jeff
    I'm out of ideas here. We have a 2008 Server that keeps rebooting 2-3 times a day at completely random times with an "Unexpected Shutdown" event. There are no Dumps, no events leading to it just like it loses power then comes back online. I ran a Diagnostic of the power supply and it has had continuous power for months. In addition, the temperature of the processors are maxing out at 40 degrees Celsius. Anyone have any ideas how to figure out why this is restarting all the time? This is a DMZed Web server so it doesn't do too much process wise. Here are the specs: Host Name: ~~~ OS Name: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard OS Version: 6.1.7600 N/A Build 7600 OS Manufacturer: Microsoft Corporation OS Configuration: Standalone Server OS Build Type: Multiprocessor Free Registered Owner: Windows User Registered Organization: Product ID: ~~~ Original Install Date: 5/27/2010, 4:25:47 PM System Boot Time: 2/14/2011, 5:35:01 PM System Manufacturer: HP System Model: ProLiant DL380 G6 System Type: x64-based PC Processor(s): 1 Processor(s) Installed. [01]: Intel64 Family 6 Model 26 Stepping 5 GenuineIntel ~1586 Mhz BIOS Version: HP P62, 8/16/2010 Windows Directory: C:\Windows System Directory: C:\Windows\system32 Boot Device: \Device\HarddiskVolume1 System Locale: en-us;English (United States) Input Locale: en-us;English (United States) Time Zone: (UTC-05:00) Eastern Time (US & Canada) Total Physical Memory: 4,086 MB Available Physical Memory: 2,775 MB Virtual Memory: Max Size: 8,170 MB Virtual Memory: Available: 6,691 MB Virtual Memory: In Use: 1,479 MB Page File Location(s): C:\pagefile.sys

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  • Is Oracle certified to run on VMWare?

    - by Mike Dietrich
    This question in similar occurences gets asked during every Upgrade Workshop at least once. People would like to know if they can run an Oracle Database or Oracle Real Application Clusters or Oracle Grid Control or Oracle Fusion Middleware or ... in an VM environment with VMWare's virtualisation products. And the answer is: Yes, you can!! But ... there's a fine print you should take care on before setting up virtual environments with a different solution than XEN based Oracle VM. Please read Note:942852.1 - VMWare Certification for Oracle Products and Note:249212.1 - Support Position for Oracle Products Running on VMWare Virtualized Environments for further details: Support Status for VMware Virtualized Environments Oracle has not certified any of its products on VMware virtualized environments. Oracle Support will assist customers running Oracle products on VMware in the following manner: Oracle will only provide support for issues that either are known to occur on the native OS, or can be demonstrated not to be as a result of running on VMware. If a problem is a known Oracle issue, Oracle support will recommend the appropriate solution on the native OS. If that solution does not work in the VMware virtualized environment, the customer will be referred to VMware for support. When the customer can demonstrate that the Oracle solution does not work when running on the native OS, Oracle will resume support, including logging a bug with Oracle Development for investigation if required. If the problem is determined not to be a known Oracle issue, we will refer the customer to VMware for support. When the customer can demonstrate that the issue occurs when running on the native OS, Oracle will resume support, including logging a bug with Oracle Development for investigation if required. NOTE: Oracle has not certified any of its products on VMware. For Oracle RAC, Oracle will only accept Service Requests as described in this note on Oracle RAC 11.2.0.2 and later releases.

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  • Restoring an Ubuntu Server using ZFS RAID-Z for data

    - by andybjackson
    Having become disillusioned with hacking Buffalo NAS devices, I've decided to roll my own Home server. After some research, I have settled on an HP Proliant Microserver with Ubuntu Server and ZFS (OS on 1 Ext4 disk, Data on 3 RAID-Z disks). As Joel Spolsky and Geoff Atwood say with regards to backup, I can't rest until I have done a restore in all of the failure scenarios that I am seeking to protect against. Q: How to configure Ubuntu Server to recognise a pre-existing RAID-Z array? Clearly if one of the data disks die - then that is a resilvering scenario, which is well documented. If two of the data disks die, then I am into regular backup/restore land. If the OS dies and I can restore, also an easy scenario. But if the OS dies and I can't restore, then I need to recreate an Ubuntu server. But how do I get this to recognise my RAID-Z array? Is the necessary configuration information stored within and across the RAID-Z array and simply need to be found (if so, how)? Or does it reside on the OS ext4 disk (in which case how do I recreate it)?

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  • How to fix a bootable USB Kubuntu installation when the drive has maxed out?

    - by NoCatharsis
    I used Universal-USB-Installer-v1.5.1 from PenDriveLinux.com with Kubuntu 10.04 so I could set up my 4GB flash drive as a totally independent installation. Unfortunately, there was an OS upgrade available which Kubuntu downloaded and attempted to install. This, along with some other software, apparently maxed out my drive before I realized it. Now when I try to boot from the drive, everything boots as normal to the OS boot screen where I select "Boot from this Kubuntu USB Installation." The startup process initiates, then stalls about halfway through and hangs indefinitely. I'm guessing the drive is trying to use space it doesn't have and completely stops working. I realize that once the OS upgrade is in place, the old files could be deleted for a potential 700MB space gain. However, I just have no way to get into the OS and complete the upgrade. My main OS is Windows 7. Is there a way I can fix this issue from within Windows without formatting the entire drive and reinstalling Kubuntu from scratch?

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  • Swap drive not operating correctly

    - by Blue Ice
    At first, I started seeing the warning signs. The halting pages. The molasses speed of the windows closing. The pictures not rendering. Then, I took action. Recently I added a swap drive to my computer. For a while, everything was good. Unicorns frolicked among the new bits and bytes resplendent on the shiny metal platter known as my swap drive. Today, I opened Chromium, and got on the 7th tab (start.csail.mit.edu) "He's dead, Jim!". This used to happen before I added my swap drive, but now I thought that it wouldn't happen because I added more memory. I fear for the safety of the unicorns. Please help me make my swap drive work again. As a side note, here is the result of cat /proc/swaps: Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda5 partition 39075836 213896 -1 Result of free: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 507472 330792 176680 0 6208 71252 -/+ buffers/cache: 253332 254140 Result of df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 147G 8.9G 130G 7% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 240M 12K 240M 1% /dev tmpfs 50M 824K 49M 2% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 248M 208K 248M 1% /run/shm none 100M 20K 100M 1% /run/user

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  • ASMLib

    - by wcoekaer
    Oracle ASMlib on Linux has been a topic of discussion a number of times since it was released way back when in 2004. There is a lot of confusion around it and certainly a lot of misinformation out there for no good reason. Let me try to give a bit of history around Oracle ASMLib. Oracle ASMLib was introduced at the time Oracle released Oracle Database 10g R1. 10gR1 introduced a very cool important new features called Oracle ASM (Automatic Storage Management). A very simplistic description would be that this is a very sophisticated volume manager for Oracle data. Give your devices directly to the ASM instance and we manage the storage for you, clustered, highly available, redundant, performance, etc, etc... We recommend using Oracle ASM for all database deployments, single instance or clustered (RAC). The ASM instance manages the storage and every Oracle server process opens and operates on the storage devices like it would open and operate on regular datafiles or raw devices. So by default since 10gR1 up to today, we do not interact differently with ASM managed block devices than we did before with a datafile being mapped to a raw device. All of this is without ASMLib, so ignore that one for now. Standard Oracle on any platform that we support (Linux, Windows, Solaris, AIX, ...) does it the exact same way. You start an ASM instance, it handles storage management, all the database instances use and open that storage and read/write from/to it. There are no extra pieces of software needed, including on Linux. ASM is fully functional and selfcontained without any other components. In order for the admin to provide a raw device to ASM or to the database, it has to have persistent device naming. If you booted up a server where a raw disk was named /dev/sdf and you give it to ASM (or even just creating a tablespace without asm on that device with datafile '/dev/sdf') and next time you boot up and that device is now /dev/sdg, you end up with an error. Just like you can't just change datafile names, you can't change device filenames without telling the database, or ASM. persistent device naming on Linux, especially back in those days ways to say it bluntly, a nightmare. In fact there were a number of issues (dating back to 2004) : Linux async IO wasn't pretty persistent device naming including permissions (had to be owned by oracle and the dba group) was very, very difficult to manage system resource usage in terms of open file descriptors So given the above, we tried to find a way to make this easier on the admins, in many ways, similar to why we started working on OCFS a few years earlier - how can we make life easier for the admins on Linux. A feature of Oracle ASM is the ability for third parties to write an extension using what's called ASMLib. It is possible for any third party OS or storage vendor to write a library using a specific Oracle defined interface that gets used by the ASM instance and by the database instance when available. This interface offered 2 components : Define an IO interface - allow any IO to the devices to go through ASMLib Define device discovery - implement an external way of discovering, labeling devices to provide to ASM and the Oracle database instance This is similar to a library that a number of companies have implemented over many years called libODM (Oracle Disk Manager). ODM was specified many years before we introduced ASM and allowed third party vendors to implement their own IO routines so that the database would use this library if installed and make use of the library open/read/write/close,.. routines instead of the standard OS interfaces. PolyServe back in the day used this to optimize their storage solution, Veritas used (and I believe still uses) this for their filesystem. It basically allowed, in particular, filesystem vendors to write libraries that could optimize access to their storage or filesystem.. so ASMLib was not something new, it was basically based on the same model. You have libodm for just database access, you have libasm for asm/database access. Since this library interface existed, we decided to do a reference implementation on Linux. We wrote an ASMLib for Linux that could be used on any Linux platform and other vendors could see how this worked and potentially implement their own solution. As I mentioned earlier, ASMLib and ODMLib are libraries for third party extensions. ASMLib for Linux, since it was a reference implementation implemented both interfaces, the storage discovery part and the IO part. There are 2 components : Oracle ASMLib - the userspace library with config tools (a shared object and some scripts) oracleasm.ko - a kernel module that implements the asm device for /dev/oracleasm/* The userspace library is a binary-only module since it links with and contains Oracle header files but is generic, we only have one asm library for the various Linux platforms. This library is opened by Oracle ASM and by Oracle database processes and this library interacts with the OS through the asm device (/dev/asm). It can install on Oracle Linux, on SuSE SLES, on Red Hat RHEL,.. The library itself doesn't actually care much about the OS version, the kernel module and device cares. The support tools are simple scripts that allow the admin to label devices and scan for disks and devices. This way you can say create an ASM disk label foo on, currently /dev/sdf... So if /dev/sdf disappears and next time is /dev/sdg, we just scan for the label foo and we discover it as /dev/sdg and life goes on without any worry. Also, when the database needs access to the device, we don't have to worry about file permissions or anything it will be taken care of. So it's a convenience thing. The kernel module oracleasm.ko is a Linux kernel module/device driver. It implements a device /dev/oracleasm/* and any and all IO goes through ASMLib - /dev/oracleasm. This kernel module is obviously a very specific Oracle related device driver but it was released under the GPL v2 so anyone could easily build it for their Linux distribution kernels. Advantages for using ASMLib : A good async IO interface for the database, the entire IO interface is based on an optimal ASYNC model for performance A single file descriptor per Oracle process, not one per device or datafile per process reducing # of open filehandles overhead Device scanning and labeling built-in so you do not have to worry about messing with udev or devlabel, permissions or the likes which can be very complex and error prone. Just like with OCFS and OCFS2, each kernel version (major or minor) has to get a new version of the device drivers. We started out building the oracleasm kernel module rpms for many distributions, SLES (in fact in the early days still even for this thing called United Linux) and RHEL. The driver didn't make sense to get pushed into upstream Linux because it's unique and specific to the Oracle database. As it takes a huge effort in terms of build infrastructure and QA and release management to build kernel modules for every architecture, every linux distribution and every major and minor version we worked with the vendors to get them to add this tiny kernel module to their infrastructure. (60k source code file). The folks at SuSE understood this was good for them and their customers and us and added it to SLES. So every build coming from SuSE for SLES contains the oracleasm.ko module. We weren't as successful with other vendors so for quite some time we continued to build it for RHEL and of course as we introduced Oracle Linux end of 2006 also for Oracle Linux. With Oracle Linux it became easy for us because we just added the code to our build system and as we churned out Oracle Linux kernels whether it was for a public release or for customers that needed a one off fix where they also used asmlib, we didn't have to do any extra work it was just all nicely integrated. With the introduction of Oracle Linux's Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel and our interest in being able to exploit ASMLib more, we started working on a very exciting project called Data Integrity. Oracle (Martin Petersen in particular) worked for many years with the T10 standards committee and storage vendors and implemented Linux kernel support for DIF/DIX, data protection in the Linux kernel, note to those that wonder, yes it's all in mainline Linux and under the GPL. This basically gave us all the features in the Linux kernel to checksum a data block, send it to the storage adapter, which can then validate that block and checksum in firmware before it sends it over the wire to the storage array, which can then do another checksum and to the actual DISK which does a final validation before writing the block to the physical media. So what was missing was the ability for a userspace application (read: Oracle RDBMS) to write a block which then has a checksum and validation all the way down to the disk. application to disk. Because we have ASMLib we had an entry into the Linux kernel and Martin added support in ASMLib (kernel driver + userspace) for this functionality. Now, this is all based on relatively current Linux kernels, the oracleasm kernel module depends on the main kernel to have support for it so we can make use of it. Thanks to UEK and us having the ability to ship a more modern, current version of the Linux kernel we were able to introduce this feature into ASMLib for Linux from Oracle. This combined with the fact that we build the asm kernel module when we build every single UEK kernel allowed us to continue improving ASMLib and provide it to our customers. So today, we (Oracle) provide Oracle ASMLib for Oracle Linux and in particular on the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. We did the build/testing/delivery of ASMLib for RHEL until RHEL5 but since RHEL6 decided that it was too much effort for us to also maintain all the build and test environments for RHEL and we did not have the ability to use the latest kernel features to introduce the Data Integrity features and we didn't want to end up with multiple versions of asmlib as maintained by us. SuSE SLES still builds and comes with the oracleasm module and they do all the work and RHAT it certainly welcome to do the same. They don't have to rebuild the userspace library, it's really about the kernel module. And finally to re-iterate a few important things : Oracle ASM does not in any way require ASMLib to function completely. ASMlib is a small set of extensions, in particular to make device management easier but there are no extra features exposed through Oracle ASM with ASMLib enabled or disabled. Often customers confuse ASMLib with ASM. again, ASM exists on every Oracle supported OS and on every supported Linux OS, SLES, RHEL, OL withoutASMLib Oracle ASMLib userspace is available for OTN and the kernel module is shipped along with OL/UEK for every build and by SuSE for SLES for every of their builds ASMLib kernel module was built by us for RHEL4 and RHEL5 but we do not build it for RHEL6, nor for the OL6 RHCK kernel. Only for UEK ASMLib for Linux is/was a reference implementation for any third party vendor to be able to offer, if they want to, their own version for their own OS or storage ASMLib as provided by Oracle for Linux continues to be enhanced and evolve and for the kernel module we use UEK as the base OS kernel hope this helps.

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  • Could my 64-bit server be somehow identifying itself as a 32-bit server?

    - by Deane
    Has anyone ever heard of a 64-bit OS identifying itself as a 32-bit OS? We have a Windows Server 2008 R2 x64 development server. We've been trying to activate it with a product key from MSDN, but it keeps telling us the the key is invalid. I've opened a ticket with MSDN for this. Then something odd happened -- I tried to install a 64-bit version of SQL Server 2005. After it extracted, we got this message: This version of hotfix.exe is not compatible with the version of Windows you're running. Check your computer's system information to see whether you need an x86 (32-bit) or x64 (64-bit) version of the program... Now, we're pretty sure this is a 64-bit OS. Computer Properties says: System Type: 64-bit Operating System Also, we have both a "Program Files" and a "Program Files (x64)" directory. I don't know how the product key activator or the SQL install program attempts to divine the type of OS, but could it be...wrong?

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  • Static "LoD" hack opinions

    - by David Lively
    I've been playing with implementing dynamic level of detail for rendering a very large mesh in XNA. It occurred to me that (duh) the whole point of this is to generate small triangles close to the camera, and larger ones far away. Given that, rather than constantly modifying or swapping index buffers based on a feature's rendered size or distance from the camera, it would be a lot easier (and potentially quite a bit faster), to render a single "fan" or flat wedge/frustum-shaped planar mesh that is tessellated into small triangles close to the near or small end of the frustum and larger ones at the far end, sort of like this (overhead view) (Pardon the gap in the middle - I drew one side and mirrored it) The triangle sizes are chosen so that all are approximately the same size when projected. Then, that mesh would be transformed to track the camera so that the Z axis (center vertical in this image) is always aligned with the view direction projected into the XZ plane. The vertex shader would then read terrain heights from a height texture and adjust the Y coordinate of the mesh to match a height field that defines the terrain. This eliminates the need for culling (since the mesh is generated to match the viewport dimensions) and the need to modify the index and/or vertex buffers when drawing the terrain. Obviously this doesn't address terrain with overhangs, etc, but that could be handled to a certain extent by including a second mesh that defines a sort of "ceiling" via a different texture. The other LoD schemes I've seen aren't particularly difficult to implement and, in some cases, are a lot more flexible, but this seemed like a decent quick-and-dirty way to handle height map-based terrain without getting into geometry manipulation. Has anyone tried this? Opinions?

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  • serving mp3s to mobile devices is flooding nginx with partial requests

    - by drumfire
    I am serving mp3s with a minimalistic nginx server. What I see in my log files is that there are a lot of requests, in particular from AppleCoreMedia and sometimes Android useragents, that flood the server with short requests. Sometimes they keep requesting to download the same partial content for a very long time; sometimes more than an hour. For example: "GET /somefile.mp3 HTTP/1.1" 206 33041 "AppleCoreMedia/1.0.0.9B206 (iPhone; U; CPU OS 5_1_1 like Mac OS X; en_us)" "GET /somefile.mp3 HTTP/1.1" 206 33041 "AppleCoreMedia/1.0.0.9B206 (iPhone; U; CPU OS 5_1_1 like Mac OS X; en_us)" "GET /somefile.mp3 HTTP/1.1" 206 33041 "AppleCoreMedia/1.0.0.9B206 (iPhone; U; CPU OS 5_1_1 like Mac OS X; en_us)" [...] I also get a lot, but not as much, of these: "-" 400 0 "-" "-" 400 0 "-" The IP addresses are always from clients that start downloading shortly after that request, usually they have roughly the same UserAgent as in the first example. emphasized text I have enabled server throttling and connection limits in nginx to limit the huge amount of log entries from equivalent IPs at least somewhat. There was a performance issue when I saw the same behaviour on the previous server that used Apache. I installed nginx on a better server then moved the site. When Apache could not handle more connections from the increasing number of clients effectively that server was ddossed. There was no bandwidth issue with already connected clients and I don't know if the already connected clients were using more than one connection at a time. Please tell me: Are clients that appear to get stuck on a download a Bad Thing™ I heard people say their mobile bandwidth use was much higher than they could account for. I'm thinking this type of client behaviour can account for that. And costs us more bandwidth too. Which up to date alternatives exist out there that can handle serving this type of data better than plain HTTP? Useful general insights for someone who just came into this field straight out of the late 90s. :-)

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  • Set up a proxy on a remote Linux server?

    - by Isaac Waller
    In order to watch Hulu and other sites which are not available in my region (Canada). I would like to set up my own proxy server in the USA on a Linode for my Macbook running Mac OS X. On my Macbook, I would like to set up the proxy server in the OS, instead of the browser so all apps use it. I believe Mac OS X supports HTTP and SOCKS proxies. What type of proxy should I use, and what server software should I use on the Linux machine?

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  • Strange and erratic transformations when using OpenGL VBOs to render scene

    - by janoside
    I have an existing iOS game with fairly simple scenes (all textured quads) and I'm using Apple's "Texture2D" class. I'm trying to convert this class to use VBOs since the vertices of my objects basically never change so I may as well not re-create them for every object every frame. I have the scene rendering using VBOs but the sizes and orientations of all rendered objects are strange and erratic - though locations seem generally correct. I've been toying with this code for a few days now, and I've found something odd: if I re-create all of my VBOs each frame, everything looks correct, even though I'm almost certain my vertices are not changing. Other notes I'm basing my work on this tutorial, and therefore am also using "IBOs" I create my buffers before rendering begins My buffers include vertex and texture data I'm using OpenGL ES 1.1 Fearing some strange effect of the current matrix GL state at the time of buffer creation I've also tried wrapping my buffer-setup code in a "pushMatrix-loadIdentity-popMatrix" block which (as expected) had no effect I'm aware that various articles have been published demonstrating that VBOs may not help performance, but I want to understand this problem and at least have the option to use them. I realize this is a shot in the dark, but has anyone else experienced this type of strange behavior? What might I be doing to result in this behavior? It's rather difficult for me to isolate the problem since I'm working in an existing, moderately complex project, so suggestions about how to approach the problem are also quite welcome.

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  • Creating a pseudoterminal to make sudo happy

    - by larsks
    I need to automate the provisioning of a cloud instance (running Fedora 17) for which the following initial facts are true: I have ssh-key based access to a remote user (cloud) That user has password-free root access via sudo. Manual configuration is as simple as logging in and running sudo su - and having at it, but I would like to fully automate this process. The trick is that the system defaults to having the requiretty option enabled for sudo, which means that an attempt to do something like this: ssh remotehost sudo yum -y install puppet Will fail: sudo: sorry, you must have a tty to run sudo I am working around this right now by first pushing over a small Python script that will run a command on a pseudoterminal: import os import sys import errno import subprocess pid, master_fd = os.forkpty() if pid == 0: # child process: now that we're attached to a # pty, run the given command. os.execvp(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[1:]) else: while True: try: data = os.read(master_fd, 1024) except OSError, detail: if detail.errno == errno.EIO: break if not data: break sys.stdout.write(data) os.wait() Assuming that this is named pty, I can then run: ssh remotehost ./pty sudo yum -y install puppet This works fine, but I'm wondering if there are solutions already available that I haven't considered. I would normally think about expect, but it's not installed by default on this system. screen can do this in a pinch, but the best I came up with was: screen -dmS sudo somecommand ...which does work but eats the output. Are there any other tools available that will allocate a pseudoterminal for me that are going to be generally available?

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