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• VPN sharing on Mac OS X 10.5 machine

  - by Jens

  I have a rather weird problem. I want to share a VPN connection that has been established by my Mac OS X 10.5 computer with another machine in my network. This is what I did: In the /etc/hostcongig file on the main computer I added the line: IPFORWARDING=-YES- I assigned a fixed IP address to my computer (192.168.178.30), a fixed one to the other machine (192.168.178.60) and my computer's IP address as gateway on the other machine. I connected to my VPN using the internal Mac OS X VPN client (PPTP connection) I run this script: #!/bin/sh natd -same_ports -use_sockets -unregistered_only -dynamic -interface ppp0 -clamp_mss ipfw -f flush ipfw add divert natd ip from any to any via ppp0 ipfw add pass all from any to any sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 Source: Using (and sharing) a VPN connection on your Mac Now everthing works smootly, however speed is an issue. I get 1,8 MBit/s on my main machine and only 0,3 - 0,6 MBit/s on the other one. My question: What could possibly be wrong? Do I have to tweak MTU settings, is there any packet inspection ongoing that needs time....? Any help appreciated!

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• Ping with explicit next-hop selection (aka Monitoring multiple default gateways)

  - by Michuelnik

  I have a linux (debian) router with two internet connections (A) and (B). (A) is preferred, (B) is fallback. I want to monitor the internet connection (and not only the availability of the gateways!) and change the default route appropriately. If (A) is not providing internet, switch to (B) If (A) is providing internet again, switch back to (A). Only problem I have is in case (2). My routing table points towards a working internet so I cannot easily detect whether internet is working over link (A) again. I am search for a ping or traceroute (or other diagnosis-tool) which can select the next-hop explicitly. ping -r looks promising, but can only ping a host on the lan. (It only has to write another destination address in the packet, damnit!) traceroute -g gateway looks even more promising and nearly does what I want - but sets source routing options which my next-hops deny. (Not within my administrative boundary...) I just want a $ping, that can: select a source interface (and address) select a next-hop on that interface ping any arbitrary ip address I could do evil trickery with policy-based routing but that would have production impact for all users. I would like to see a side-effect-free solution....

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• need some help figuring out clamav & monit monitoring error...unixsocket...

  - by Ronedog

  I need a bit of help figuring something out. First off, I'm not very well versed with FreeBSD servers, etc. but with some direction hopefully I can get this fixed. I'm using FreeBSD and installed Monit so I could monitor some of the processes that run tomcat, apache, mysql, sendmail, clamav. So far, I'm only successful in getting apache & mysql to be monitored. I'm getting this error for clamav in the log file for /var/log/monit.log 'clamavd' failed, cannot open a connection to UNIX[/usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav-clamd] My config file for clamav in /etc/monitrc is: #################################################################### # CLAMAV Virus Checks #################################################################### check process clamavd with pidfile /var/run/clamav/clamd.pid group virus start program = "/usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav-clamd start" stop program = "/usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav-clamd stop" if failed unixsocket /usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav-clamd then restart if 5 restarts within 5 cycles then timeout Honestly, I really don't know much of what's going on here. My host who helped me get the box set up basically installed clamav, but doesn't offer this kind of detail in supporting me, so I'm left to figure this stuff out on my own as I own the box, but they provide the isp service. Is there anyone who can help me troubleshoot this? Thanks for your help in advance.

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• Use GRUB/GRUB2 to PXE boot OS image

  - by Jack

  Asked this in stackoverflow but they recommended I post this here: Here is the situation I am in: I currently have a Windows drive that boots XP. The BIOS does not support PXE booting so this is out of the question. Therefore, I was thinking I could install a customized GRUB bootloader on it instead such that it will have the option to PXE boot an image from a DHCP server connected to it and have the option to load Windows as it normally does (two items in menu). The catch is it may need to be automated (meaning no keyboard), so is there any way to run a script pre-boot during GRUB loading that determines if DHCP / TFTP servers are running and attempt to PXE boot an image from the network (and if not, say timeout of 10 seconds, regularly boot from Windows drive)? If this is not possible, what are some other options / suggestions? I was reading up on grub4dos as well but I'm not sure that is what I need. FWIW, I'm free to do whatever I want to the drive. I'd really appreciate some help on this as I'm not sure where to start. Thanks!

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• Help, my CentOS servers keep going down , No route to host after a random uptime

  - by user249071

  Hello , I have a couple of Centos linux servers, that have a very simple task, they run nginx + fastcgi for php , and some NFS mounts between them, readonly They have some RPC commands to start some downloading processes with wget, nothing fancy , from a main server, but their behavior is very unstable, they simply go down, we tried to monitor ram , processor usage, even network connections, they don't load up so much, max network connections up to... 250 max, 15% processor usage and memory , well, doesn't even fill up, 2.5GB from 8GB max , I have no ideea why can a linux server go down like that, they aren't even public servers, no domain names installed no public serving, for sites. The only thing that I've discovered was that if i didn't restart the network service every couple of hours or so... the servers were becoming very slow, starting apps very slow, but not repoting a high usage of resources...Maybe Centos doesn't free the timeout connections, or something like that...It's based on Red Hat right? I'm not a linux expert , but I'm sure that there are a few guys out there that can easily have an answer to this , or even have some leads to what i can do ... I haven't installed snort, or other things to view if we have some DOS attacks, still the scheduled script that restarts the network each hour should put the system back online, and it doesn't.... Thank you in advance

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• Advertise a subnet route with radvd

  - by Thomas Berger

  we have set up a small IPv6 Testing network. The setup looks like this: ::/0 +----------+ | Firewall | Router to the public net +----------+ | 2001:...::/106 | +----------+ +-------| SIT GW | sit Tunnel gatway to the some test users | +----------+ | +----------+ | Test Sys | Testsystem +----------+ The idea is to advertise the default route from the firewall and the route for the SIT subnets from the sit gateway. The configurations for radvd are: # Firewall interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; route ::/0 { }; }; # SIT Gatway interface eth0 { AdvSendAdvert on; route 2001:...::/106 { }; }; We have captured the adv. packages with tcpdump and the packages looks good. We see a default route from the fw, and the subnet route from the SIT gatway. But if we look on the testsystem there are two default routes over both gateways. There is no subnet route. The routing does not work of course. Here the routes we get: 2001:.....::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 default via fe80::baac:6fff:fe8e:XXXX dev eth0 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 0sec mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 64 default via fe80::e415:aeff:fe12:XXXX dev eth0 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 0sec mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 64 Any Idea?

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• Assign individual NIC to KVM guest

  - by Bin S

  I have a server with 6 NICs installed and is running Ubuntu 12.04LTS. I want to setup 4 guest VMs using kvm. Now I want to assign 2 NICs for the host(1 Public IP and 1 private IP), and 1 NIC each to 4 guest VM(all private IP). How do I do this? /etc/network/interfaces I am having trouble with my configuration file shown below: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.109 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.5 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.117 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth2 iface eth2 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.1.118 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth2 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth3 iface eth3 inet manual auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 192.168.1.119 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth4 iface eth4 inet manual auto br2 iface br2 inet static address 192.168.1.123 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth4 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth5 iface eth5 inet manual auto br3 iface br3 inet static address 192.168.1.124 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth5 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off

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• xen + debian network after upgrade squeeze to wheeze

  - by rush

  I've got a Debian + Xen server. After a system upgrade to the stable version the network doesn't come up after boot. Every time after reboot I need to bring it up manually. The network configuration was not changed during upgrade. Here is /etc/network/interfaces: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 11.22.33.44 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 11.22.33.1 nameserver 8.8.8.8 After boot ip r shows no route and eth0 has no ip address. Manually ip and route setup goes fine and network starts working. Messages from dmesg about network I've found (looks like nothing interesting) [ 3.894401] ACPI: Fan [FAN3] (off) [ 3.894444] ACPI: Fan [FAN4] (off) [ 4.178348] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:1e:67:14:66:c9 [ 4.178351] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 4.178392] e1000e 0000:00:19.0: eth0: MAC: 10, PHY: 11, PBA No: 0100FF-0FF [ 4.178413] e1000e 0000:02:00.0: Disabling ASPM L0s L1 [ 4.178432] xen: registering gsi 16 triggering 0 polarity 1 -- [ 4.223667] ata5: DUMMY [ 4.223668] ata6: DUMMY [ 4.289153] e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth1: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:1e:67:14:66:c8 [ 4.289155] e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth1: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 4.289245] e1000e 0000:02:00.0: eth1: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 1000FF-0FF [ 4.506908] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci_hcd [ 4.542920] ata2: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) -- [ 10.362999] EXT4-fs (dm-23): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 10.419103] EXT4-fs (dm-3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 10.988255] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth1: link is not ready [ 13.175533] Event-channel device installed. [ 13.287555] XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state -- [ 13.288670] XENBUS: Unable to read cpu state [ 13.965939] Bridge firewalling registered [ 14.134048] e1000e: eth1 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx [ 14.283862] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): peth0: link is not ready [ 14.284543] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth1: link becomes ready [ 17.800627] e1000e: peth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx [ 17.801377] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): peth0: link becomes ready [ 18.307278] device peth0 entered promiscuous mode [ 24.538899] eth1: no IPv6 routers present [ 28.570902] peth0: no IPv6 routers present I've upgraded two servers and I've such behaviour on two of them. How to fix this and get network starts automatically on boot?

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• Cisco ASA user authentication options - OpenID, public RSA sig, others?

  - by Ryan

  My organization has a Cisco ASA 5510 which I have made act as a firewall/gateway for one of our offices. Most resources a remote user would come looking for exist inside. I've implemented the usual deal - basic inside networks with outbound NAT, one primary outside interface with some secondary public IPs in the PAT pool for public-facing services, a couple site-to-site IPSec links to other branches, etc. - and I'm working now on VPN. I have the WebVPN (clientless SSL VPN) working and even traversing the site-to-site links. At the moment I'm leaving a legacy OpenVPN AS in place for thick client VPN. What I would like to do is standardize on an authentication method for all VPN then switch to the Cisco's IPSec thick VPN server. I'm trying to figure out what's really possible for authentication for these VPN users (thick client and clientless). My organization uses Google Apps and we already use dotnetopenauth to authenticate users for a couple internal services. I'd like to be able to do the same thing for thin and thick VPN. Alternatively a signature-based solution using RSA public keypairs (ssh-keygen type) would be useful to identify user@hardware. I'm trying to get away from legacy username/password auth especially if it's internal to the Cisco (just another password set to manage and for users to forget). I know I can map against an existing LDAP server but we have LDAP accounts created for only about 10% of the user base (mostly developers for Linux shell access). I guess what I'm looking for is a piece of middleware which appears to the Cisco as an LDAP server but will interface with the user's existing OpenID identity. Nothing I've seen in the Cisco suggests it can do this natively. But RSA public keys would be a runner-up, and much much better than standalone or even LDAP auth. What's really practical here?

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• How do I set up dual monitors on Kubuntu 10.04 using the latest nVidia drivers with a 9800M video ca

  - by NoCatharsis

  I'm a Linux newb so please try to keep the lingo low-key. I installed the latest nVidia drivers on my laptop using the 9800M card. The laptop is a Gateway P-7805u and I'm connected to the second monitor using VGA. Also, before installing the nVidia drivers (and just using the basic drivers included with Kubuntu 10.04), basic dual monitor support worked, except I could not enable compositing features for some reason. So I thought the proprietary drivers would fix this. Several issues have arisen since installation: 1) I've clicked through all of the display settings to activate the second screen with absolutely no change. 2) When I try to apply settings and Save Configuration as the nVidia help suggests, I am told that I cannot save to the X.conf file. I assume this is due to innate permissions on my user settings, which I have no idea how to properly configure. 3) I have no idea where to go from here, as most of the fixes I found online involve Linux syntax and verbiage, to which I'm totally clueless after spending over half my life with Windows.

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• Restrict Computer or Users from Internet but allow access to intranet and Windows Update / ePO?

  - by MoSiAc

  So this may be impossible but I've been asked to try and find something about it. So far nothing I have found is possible. I need to restrict specific machines or user accounts from regular Internet access but let them have access to the intranet portion of our network. I do not have Active Directory control, nor does anyone at my local workplace (corporate control in a different state). I have tried going through IPsec and doing this per local machine, but that system seems to have been removed from the images that are installed on these machines so that is out. So far the only other option I can think of is assigning the machines a specific ip address and removing their gateway access. This would probably work but the machines need to be able to receive updates that are being pushed to them through ePO and LanDesk. I would really like to do this on the user level because then if I need to do tech work to the machine and need internet access I can get to it but a "special" user could login and not be able to get into anything.

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• Ubuntu server apt-get says "(-5 - No address associated with hostname)"

  - by Srini

  I have a ubuntu 12.04 server. Running sudo apt-get update on it produces errors like this: W: Failed to fetch http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages Something wicked happened resolving 'au.archive.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) I am able to ping all the other hosts on the network and also Google's DNS 8.8.8.8. But am unable to ping www.google.com. So, I'm guessing something is wrong with my DNS setup, but not sure what. I use static IP and my /etc/network/interfaces looks like this: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 #dns-nameserver 203.12.160.35 203.12.160.36 #nameserver 203.12.160.35 203.12.160.36 My /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base are both empty and my /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/original says: nameserver 192.168.1.1 Any help would be greatly appreciated. P.S. I've googled it a bit and the common resolution is to switch to DHCP which I don't want to do since this is my home server. Thanks Srini

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• KVM virtual machine unable to access internet

  - by peachykeen

  I have KVM set up to run a virtual machine (Windows Home Server 2011 acting as a build agent) on a dedicated server (CentOS 6.3). Recently, I ran updates on the host, and the virtual machine is now unable to connect to the internet. The virtual network is running through NAT, the host has an interface (eth0:0) set up with a static IP (virt-manager shows the network and its IP correctly), and all connections to that IP should be sent to the guest. The host and guest can ping one another, but the guest cannot ping anything above the host, nor can I ping the guest from anywhere else (I can ping the host). Results from the guest to another server under my control and from an external system to the guest both return "Destination port unreachable". Running tcpdump on the host and destination shows the host replying to the ping, but the destination never sees it (it doesn't even look like the host is bothering to send it on at all, which leads me to suspect iptables). The ping output matches that, listing replies from 192.168.100.1. The guest can resolve DNS, however, which I find rather odd. The guest's network settings (connection TCP/IPv4 properties) are set up with a static local IP (192.168.100.128), mask of 255.255.255.0, and gateway and DNS at 192.168.100.1. When originally setting up the vm/net, I had set up some iptables rules to enable bridging, but after my hosting company complained about the bridge, I set up a new virtual net using NAT and believe I removed all the rules. The VM's network was working perfectly fine for the last few months, until yesterday. I haven't heard anything from the hosting company, didn't change anything on the guest, so as far as I know, nothing else has changed (unfortunately the list of packages updated has since fallen off scrollback and I didn't note it down).

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• The plugin of munin is always timed out

  - by haoX

  I want to use munin to make a graph of ttyACM0 in Linux, but munin can not create the graph. I found some information in "munin-node.log". it shows that "Service 'temperature' timed out". So I changed timeout to 60 or 120 in /munin/plugin-conf.d/munin-node, but it does not work. It's also timed out. Here is part of my code: if [ "$1" = "config" ]; then echo 'graph_title Temperature of board' echo 'graph_args --base 1000 -l 0' echo 'graph_vlabel temperature(°C)' echo 'graph_category temperature' echo 'graph_scale no' echo 'graph_info This graph shows the temperature of board' for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do case $i in 1) TYPE="Under PCB" ;; 2) TYPE="HDD" ;; 3) TYPE="PHY" ;; 4) TYPE="CPU" ;; 5) TYPE="Ambience" ;; esac name=$(clean_name $TYPE) if [ "$TYPE" != "NA" ]; then echo "temp_$name.label $TYPE"; fi done exit 0 fi for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do case $i in 1) TYPE="Under PCB" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $1}') ;; 2) TYPE="HDD" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $2}') ;; 3) TYPE="PHY" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $3}') ;; 4) TYPE="CPU" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $4}') ;; 5) TYPE="Ambience" VALUE=$(head -1 /dev/ttyACM0 | awk '{print $5}') ;; esac name=$(clean_name $TYPE) if [ "$TYPE" != "NA" ]; then echo "temp_$name.value $VALUE" fi

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• "Network is unreachable" When pinging google, can connect to internal computers on debian VM

  - by musher

  Similar to this SU question: "Network is unreachable" when attempting to ping google, but internal addresses work Actually, it's pretty much the same base issue. I went through that thread trying to find a solution, I changed my resolv.conf: before: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver [my gateway] nameserver [my gateway2] I changed it to: after: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4 However, any time I reboot the computer the resolv.conf gets overwritten to the previous version (the 'before' above). The issues began after I installed virtualbox additions, X server and (specifically) LXDE: Cat of apt history.log: Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:42 Commandline: apt-get install virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-dkms Install: x11-xkb-utils:amd64 (7.7+1, automatic), libxaw7:amd64 (1.0.12-2, automatic), xfonts-utils:$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:56 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:18:39 Commandline: apt-get install lxde Install: desktop-base:amd64 (7.0.3, automatic), libgoa-1.0-0b:amd64 (3.12.4-1, automatic), lxmenu-d$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:21:52 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:26:40 Commandline: apt-get upgrade Upgrade: libio-socket-ssl-perl:am ifconfig on the guest: root@Peridot:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:89:c9:20 og inet addr:172.31.2.102 Bcast:172.31.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe89:c920/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2281 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:463 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:266507 (260.2 KiB) TX bytes:120554 (117.7 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:240 (240.0 B) TX bytes:240 (240.0 B) The adapter in VBox is a bridged adapter directly onto my ethernet connection; as are my other 2 VMs (which work) Other SU questions I've tried: "connect: Network is unreachable" in VirtualBox VM

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• trying to route between two openvpn clients

  - by user42055

  I have two openvpn clients on the 10.0.1.0 (client1) and 192.168.0.0 (client2) subnets with the server's openvpn connection having the ip 192.168.150.1 The server has ip forwarding enabled. Currently, client1's vpn ip is 192.168.150.10 and the P-t-P ip is 192.168.150.9 I have created the following static route on client1: route add -net 10.0.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.150.9 The routing table on client1 looks like this: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.150.9 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.150.1 192.168.150.9 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun0 10.0.1.0 192.168.150.9 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 I thought this would be correct to allow traffic from client1 to reach computers on client2's network, but it does not work. Is 192.168.150.9 (the P-t-P address) the correct one to be routing through ? I tried using 192.168.150.1 but I couldn't create the route. I hope this is clear.

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• Setting up /etc/network/interface file for KVM ubuntu 10.10

  - by Charles Thornton

  I am trying to setup KVM on Unbuntu 10.10 IFCONFIG DUMP: hydra(~}$ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1b:fc:cb:77:eb inet addr:172.20.20.3 Bcast:172.20.20.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21b:fcff:fecb:77eb/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1345 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1541 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:820414 (820.4 KB) TX bytes:317708 (317.7 KB) Interrupt:23 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:480 (480.0 B) TX bytes:480 (480.0 B) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0a:1e:fb:b4:77:84 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::81e:fbff:feb4:7784/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:56 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:8934 (8.9 KB) hydra(~}$ QUESTION:: How should /etc/network/interfaces be setup?? The following attempt just kills my internet connection! --------- /etc/network/interfaces ------------- # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 172.20.20.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 172.20.20.0 broadcast 172.20.20.255 gateway 172.20.20.1 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off What am I doing wrong????

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• EC2 AMI won't boot after edit

  - by Eric Lars0n

  I did something stupid, I got a new laptop and copied everything over to the new one, then wiped the old one clean. Then I realized that I forgot to copy the private key out of .ssh that I use to connect to my AWS EBS backed instance. So I can't log in to my custom AMI. So I created a new Volume from the Snapshot of the AMI, then started up a public instance and attached the Volume to it, edit the sshd_config to allow for password log in. Unmounted the volume, detached it, made a snapshot of it, then made a new AMI from the snapshot. The new AMI launches, but never passes the Status Checks and is not reachable. What am I doing wrong? Or alternatively how can I fix my problem? Edit: Adding some of the console output Linux version 2.6.16-xenU ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 03:41:49 SAST 2007 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000006a400000 (usable) 980MB HIGHMEM available. 727MB LOWMEM available. NX (Execute Disable) protection: active IRQ lockup detection disabled RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize NET: Registered protocol family 2 Registering block device major 8 XENBUS: Timeout connecting to devices! Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(8,0)

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• How can I stop SipVicious ('friendly-scanner') from flooding my SIP server?

  - by a1kmm

  I run an SIP server which listens on UDP port 5060, and needs to accept authenticated requests from the public Internet. The problem is that occasionally it gets picked up by people scanning for SIP servers to exploit, who then sit there all day trying to brute force the server. I use credentials that are long enough that this attack will never feasibly work, but it is annoying because it uses up a lot of bandwidth. I have tried setting up fail2ban to read the Asterisk log and ban IPs that do this with iptables, which stops Asterisk from seeing the incoming SIP REGISTER attempts after 10 failed attempts (which happens in well under a second at the rate of attacks I'm seeing). However, SipVicious derived scripts do not immediately stop sending after getting an ICMP Destination Host Unreachable - they keep hammering the connection with packets. The time until they stop is configurable, but unfortunately it seems that the attackers doing these types of brute force attacks generally set the timeout to be very high (attacks continue at a high rate for hours after fail2ban has stopped them from getting any SIP response back once they have seen initial confirmation of an SIP server). Is there a way to make it stop sending packets at my connection?

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• How to tell nginx to honor backend's cache?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I'm using php-fpm with nginx as http server (I don't know much about reverse proxies, I just installed it and didn't touch anything), without Apache nor Varnish. I need nginx to understand and honor the http headers I send. I tried with this config (taken from the docs) but didn't work: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf: fastcgi_cache_path /var/lib/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=website:10m inactive=10m; fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri"; /etc/nginx/sites-available/website: server { fastcgi_cache website; #fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; #fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; #fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m; #fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1; #fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_503; add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status; } I always get "MISS" and the cache dir is empty. If I uncomment the other directives, I get hit, but I don't want those "dumb" settings, I need to control them within my backend. For example, if my backend says "public, s-maxage=10", the cache should be considered stale after 10 secs. Instead, nginx will store it for 1h, because of these directives. I was thinking whether I should try proxy_cache, not sure what's the difference. In both fastcgi and proxy modules docs it says this: The cache honors backend's Cache-Control, Expires, and etc. since version 0.7.48, Cache-Control: private and no-store only since 0.7.66, though. Vary handling is not implemented. nginx version: nginx/1.1.19 Any thoughts? pd: I also have the reverse proxy that is offered by Symfony2 (which I turn off to use nginx's). The headers are interpreted correctly by it, so I think I'm doing it right.

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• Update Grub on Squeeze - Kernel downgrade due VMware Server

  - by vodoo_boot

  I happen to run into various problems regarding grub and kernels. I don't really care about the kernel internas. All I want is VMware server in that dedicated root-server. 1.) What is a bzImage vs. vmlinuz? kaze:~# ls /boot/ System.map-2.6.32-5-amd64 bzImage-2.6.33.2 config-2.6.33.2 initrd.img-2.6.32-5-amd64 System.map-2.6.33.2 bzImage-2.6.35.6 config-2.6.35.6 vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 System.map-2.6.35.6 config-2.6.32-5-amd64 grub I updated my menu.lst (grub2): timeout 5 default 0 fallback 1 title 2.6.32.5 kernel (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off title 2.6.35.6 kernel (hd0,1)/boot//bzImage-2.6.35.6 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off title 2.6.32.3 kernel (hd0,1)/boot//bzImage-2.6.33.2 root=/dev/sda2 panic=60 noapic acpi=off That doesn't do well... I think the vmlinuz file is missing initrd or so. Dunno. In fact I don't give too much about kernel boot voodoo as long as it works. update-grub(2) does not work. Does anybody know what magical trick there is to get the 2.6.32-5 booting? 2.) I thought t follow the Deban wiki.. I cannot get header-files for the installed 35.6 or 33.2 kernel in the repositories. I cannot build foreign headers because they will not match the running kernel. So how does one deal with that situtation? I'd prefer not to have to downgrade the kernel. Thanks for any answers!

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• How can I create a VLAN on my extreme switch for a seperate subnet/domain?

  - by drpcken

  I'm putting together a small active directory implementation for a buddy of mine. I currently have 2 servers (one is the primary domain controller) and a couple clients. I need to test and run updates on every machine on this domain, but I would have plug them into my current LIVE domain to get it internet access. From what I've read having two separate domains on a single subnet is a bad idea (even though it is temporary) so I don't want to risk messing anything up on my production domain. I'm pretty sure I can create a separate VLAN on my extreme 48 port switch and plug this smaller domain into it on a different subnet, but I don't know the commands. Both subnets would need internet access of course (one of the things I can't wrap my head around is routing internet traffic between subnets (gateway is on production subnet). My production domain is on subnet 192.168.200.0. My new domain I want to put online would go into subnet 192.168.10.0. A shove in the right direction would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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• Why does my Windows 8 Pro Hyper-V guest have no internet?

  - by Perplexed

  Trying to get this working on my Windows 8 Pro machine. I created an External Switch Assigned the newly available adapter to a Guest machine with Win 2008 os. My host has internet connection. Host can ping Guest, Guest cannot ping Host. Guest has no internet connection. Pasting the IP of both host and guest. HOST ========================== Ethernet adapter vEthernet (EXTSW01): Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Hyper-V Virtual Ethernet Adapter #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 9C-B7-0F-0F-D7-D0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::5434:a9fd:8611:d207%54(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.15(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Saturday, September 8, 2012 12:34:44 PM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Saturday, September 15, 2012 12:34:44 PM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 916240141 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-DC-C9-2C-9C-B7-0D-0D-D7-D0 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 64.71.255.999 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled GUEST ========================== Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft Virtual Machine Bus Network Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-15-5D-3F-0F-00 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::953f:ec5c:5d84:1b50%11(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.20(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 234886493 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-DD-2F-29-0F-15-5E-00-0F-00 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : ::1 127.0.0.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

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• Windows 2008 R2 DHCP Overlapping Scopes

  - by Buska

  We are trying to troubleshoot a scope overlap problem. We have multiple device types we wish to give all different ranges of a 16 bit subnet. IE. X device we wish to give 192.168.2.1-192.168.2.254/16, Y devices we wish to give 192.168.3.1-192.168.3.254/16. We are trying to accomplish this by creating different scopes and using the 60 class identifier. The problem is DHCP won't allow us to give these scopes with 16 bit masks because of the potential overlap. We aren't overlapping the address pool so why does DHCP care and can we work around this? If this isn't possible, how can i assign specific ranges by device type without creating multiple scopes? Any thoughts would be helpful. UPDATE: Entire Scope is 192.168.0.0/16 Gateway is 192.168.1.1/16 Device Hardware A - 192.168.20.1-192.168.20.254/16 Device Hardware B - 192.168.26.1-192.168.26.254/16 Device Hardware C - 192.168.85.1-192.168.85.254/16 We tried to setup multiple scopes for each device type (A,B,C) but couldn't specify a 16 bit mask as Scope A could technically overlap Scope B even thought our start and end addresses don't. I hope this makes more sense. Thanks for your thoughts.

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• How to setup ping between XP guest from Win8 Host using Hyper-V virtual swtich

  - by rism

  Hyper-V client is installed on a Win8 Pro 64 bit box and a VM running XP has been created within that with an internal virtual swtich. The VM can be booted and accessed and there is a default virtual NIC within it with dynamic IP of 169.254.x.x which i have changed to be a static IP of 192.168.0.12/255.255.255.0 confirmed via ipconfig on the XP guest. The Host has IP of 192.168.0.7/255.255.255.0. Both host and guest have their firewalls disabled for simplicity. I cant ping guest from host nor host from guest. TTL timeout. And with regard to Hyper-V and VMs I dont know what to do next. Both are in same workgroup (as per name) but since they cant ping I guess that means nothing. .... My objective is to share a folder on VM so I can install a 32bit accountancy app that wont run on Win8/7 so if there is a more simplistic way then Im all ears but typically a peer to peer is very simple.

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