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• Is ECC mandatory in SSD technology?

  - by Alexander Shcheblikin

  While shopping for an SSD I have noticed that some manufacturers promote their "Pro" models as the ones sporting ECC data protection. Those manufacturers do not mention ECC in their budget models descriptions. However, Wikipedia article on flash memory states that "NAND relies on ECC to compensate for bits that may spontaneously fail during normal device operation." So the question is does any SSD device use ECC behind the scenes for its normal operation and is that ECC "feature" just a marketing ploy?

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• SAS instead of SATA 2 for my hard drives?

  - by jasondavis

  I am building a new system soon, I will have multiple 1-2tb hard drives for storage in it. I only have experience uasing the sataII drives but I saw somewhere that I should be using something like SAS? I read that if I were going to have 20 drives that I could use 4 SAS cables vs 20 SATA cables. Can someone help me understand this better? If it were only 4 cables then how would 20 drives hook up? Also can a regualr sata2 drive hook up to that?

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• Can Windows 7 restore itself from image to a smaller HDD than original?

  - by Borek

  I've created a full system image using the built-in Win7 utility, it was from a 300GB drive but there is only about 50GB of data. I then swapped disks in my notebook, the new one being 80GB SSD and now when I boot to the system restore applet, go through all of the settings (finding the backed up image on a network share, confirming that I'm willing to repartition my disk etc.), I get this: The system image restore failed. No disk that can be used for recovering the system disk can be found. [Details] Is this because I'm trying to restore to a smaller disk? (Even though the data should fit without any problems, there being only 50GB of it.)

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• Start a ZFS RAIDZ zpool with two discs then add a third?

  - by Doug S.

  Let's say I have two 2TB HDDs and I want to start my first ZFS zpool. Is it possible to create a RAIDZ with just those two discs, giving me 2TB of usable storage (if I understand it right) and then later add another 2TB HDD bringing the total to 4TB of usable storage. Am I correct or does there need to be three HDDs to start with? The reason I ask is I already have one 2TB drive I'm using that's full of files. I want to transition to a zpool but I'd rather only buy two more 2TB drives if I can. From what I understand, RAIDZ behaves similarly to RAID5 (with some major differences, I know, but in terms of capacity). However, RAID5 requires 3+ drives. I was wondering if RAIDZ has the same requirement. If I have to, I can buy the three drives and just start there, later adding the fourth, but if I could start with two and move to three that would save me $80.

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• Inexpensive degaussers or HDD shredders?

  - by Nicholas Knight

  I do a lot of work for a small cash-strapped business that has a lot of active hard drives, most are consumer-grade SATA of about five years of age, and predictably they are dying at an increasing rate, and a lot of the time they can't even be detected, let alone complete a zero-out cycle. Right now those drives are just being stored, but that can't continue forever. We've got a couple bad LTO tapes it'd be nice to deal with, too. There are very real security and legal issues that make dropping them off with someone who claims they'll be properly destroyed a gamble. I've looked around at degaussers and HDD shredders, and the ones that don't look like they come from some guy in his basement all seem to be $3000+, which is hard to swallow right now. Is there anything out there in the $500-1500 range that you would recommend? (Speed isn't a big issue, if it takes several minutes or even hours per drive, that's completely OK, we've only got 10 or so thus far.)

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• Operating System Not Found - BIOS recognizes, Live OS doesn't (Laptop)

  - by Klaus Borges

  Here's the deal: I have a multi-partitioned hard drive on my laptop set up with GRUB. I got a blue-screen while working on Windows 7 and when rebooting I got the Operating System Not Found error message. I rebooted the computer once again and entered the BIOS setup just to see if recognized my HDD - it did. Next step for me was booting a Live CD and seeing if I could repair GRUB or at least check if something changed on the partitions, but it doesn't seem to recognize anything there. Tried blkid, fdisk -l, not even GParted can see it. What should I do?

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• Disadvantages of enabling AHCI after Win7 install

  - by Mario De Schaepmeester

  I've formatted my notebook that has a 5400RPM HDD with ~500GB capacity. After installing Windows 7 and about half the drivers (including chipset) I began to doubt whether to go for IDE or AHCI mode for my hard drive. There used to be a lot of discussion on the internet which is better and so far I understood it was particularly helpful on SSDs. Now the general consensus seems to be that AHCI mode is best for most hard drives. I have thus enabled AHCI in the middle of configuring my notebook (rest of the drivers, necessary software etc...) Two questions: considering my HDD's spec above, should I leave it on? Is there any disadvantage of enabling it after Windows 7 and chipset drivers installation? Windows 7 version is 64 bit Home Premium.

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• Why are hard drives moving to 4096 byte sectors, vs. 512 byte sectors?

  - by Chris W. Rea

  I've noticed that some Western Digital hard drives are now sporting 4K sectors, that is, the sectors are larger: 4096 bytes vs. the long-standing standard of 512 bytes. So: What's the big deal with 4K sectors? Is it marketing hype, or a real advantage? Why should somebody building a new PC care, or not, about 4K sectors? Why is this transition taking place now? Why didn't it happen sooner? Are there things to look out for when buying a 4K sector hard drive? e.g. incompatibility? Anything else we should know about 4K sectors?

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• Certain drives in RAID 5 set intermittently are not recognized

  - by hydroparadise

  I have a curious problem in that 1 (sometimes 2) drives do not get recognized in a RAID 5 set. The server is getting rather old at 5 to 6 years, but still seems to function well once the machine sees all drives. So that leaves me with three areas to consider: the motherboard, the SATA RAID card, or the individual hard drives themselves. I am leaning toward the RAID card, but have not had much dealings with RAID cards. What would cause individual drives not to be recognized in the set? If it was the card, I would think that it would be all or nothing. If it were a single drive, is it possible that it would only work sometimes? The only other thing to consider is that that they are different drives (Seagate and Western Digital) but all around 80 GB. SATA RAID controller is 3ware Escalade 8506-4LP Motherboard is a SuperMicro P4SPA+ Am open and available for more details if needed...

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• Mount linux partition as Windows network share over internet

  - by CptEO

  I have a Linux server running RHEL 6. I have two Windows servers. All servers are connected directly to the web with an external IP, they are not in a local lan. What I would like to achieve is to setup the Linux server so that it offers a single share (the whole partition) that can be mounted as network drive within Windows. I don't want to use any 3rd party software to access the linux server because I want to use the linux server as a backup for Bare Metal Restore. In order to do so, I need to be able to access the linux partition from within the Windows Recovery Enviroment where I cannot install any 3rd party software. The linux server should only be accessible from given IP addresses (e.g. the 2 windows servers). Does anyone know if the setup I would like to have is possible?

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• Is SATA bandwith per Port or per Controller?

  - by instanceofTom

  I always assumed that it was per Controller channel, and that If I have 4xSATA 3.0Gb/s ports on my Motherboard then I should have a potential 12.0Gb/s of bandwith. However, after doing some searching I found conflicting information suggesting that if I had 4xSATA drives connected to my MB and were using them simultaneously each drive would get only 3.0Gb/s /4 = 768 Mb/s max bandwith. So I wanted to clear up my understanding. Side question: Are there other hdd/ssd bandwith bottlenecks to be aware of? (Links to already answered questions are more than welcome)

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• CPU and HD degradation on sourced based Linux distribution

  - by danilo2

  I was wondering for a long time if source based Linux distributions, like Gentoo or Funtoo are "destroying" your system faster than binary ones (like Fedora or Debian). I'm talking about CPU and hard drive degradation. Of course, when you're updating your system, it has to compile everything from source, so it takes longer and your CPU is used at hard conditions (it is warmer and more loaded). Such systems compile hundreds of packages weekly, so does it really matter? Does such a system degrade faster than binary based ones?

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• Need hard disk recommendation for linux home server.

  - by neotracker

  Hello, I'm planing to build a little linux homeserver. It will mainly be used for storage and maybe as an media pc. I plan to build a software raid5 with 4 1.5TB or 2TB hard drives. I already decided to use the Western Digital Caviar Green 1.5 TB drive, but then I read about some problems with the WD green series about many drives failing and that they are not recommended for raid anyway. Of course, I couldn't find much facts on the issues so I thought I just ask here ;-) What hard drives would you recommended for a software raid5 setup? As I only need it for storage, the whole thing doesn't have to be too fast. So I prefer a cheap price and silence to great performance.

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• Why some recovery tools are still able to find deleted files after I purge Recycle Bin, defrag the disk and zero-fill free space?

  - by Ivan

  As far as I understand, when I delete (without using Recycle Bin) a file, its record is removed from the file system table of contents (FAT/MFT/etc...) but the values of the disk sectors which were occupied by the file remain intact until these sectors are reused to write something else. When I use some sort of erased files recovery tool, it reads those sectors directly and tries to build up the original file. In this case, what I can't understand is why recovery tools are still able to find deleted files (with reduced chance of rebuilding them though) after I defragment the drive and overwrite all the free space with zeros. Can you explain this? I thought zero-overwritten deleted files can be only found by means of some special forensic lab magnetic scan hardware and those complex wiping algorithms (overwriting free space multiple times with random and non-random patterns) only make sense to prevent such a physical scan to succeed, but practically it seems that plain zero-fill is not enough to wipe all the tracks of deleted files. How can this be?

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• Take Complete Image of CRM Server Application

  - by nicorellius

  I have heard of snapshots or ghost images like this. But I have never used this kind of tool to actually clone a piece of hard drive. I think Norton Partition Magic can do something like this as well, but haven't tried it. So my question is this: How can I duplicate a CRM server application exactly so that I can transfer it to another system? I have a CRM server running LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP) and I urgently need to transfer these data to another system without actually installing, configuring the dependencies and then doing the same for the software itself. Has anyone done this or does anyone know how to do this?

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• Still no external sound after installing ubuntu 10.04

  - by Walter

  As suggested I upgraded. Same as before except now not even the speaker control in the application bar. Please help. Background: I have Ubuntu 9.10. Headphones appear to work fine. External speakers - nothing. There are so many sound preferences I have no idea what or which combination. Went to terminal and ran alsamixer which seems to recognize my sound card, though the driver is not listed in System Administration Hardware Drivers; the only driver listed is my graphics card. Setup: I have a Dell 8250. Speakers are plugged into the SB live card. Woofer and 2 speakers using transformer.

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• Flash Disk is disconnecting when I transfer file from or to it

  - by Eias.N

  Hey ,, My Flash Disk is disconnecting when I transfer file from or to it , only big files (More that 30 M.B) , it disconnect and reconnect it self , so what is the wrong with it ? Is it broken? or I can repair it .

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• Compute number of occurrences in a column of a spreadsheet

  - by wnstnsmth

  I have a Google Drive spreadsheet with a single column that holds string values (Twitter screen names) such as "user1", "user1", "UserX", and I would like to count those values so that I can easily craft a bar chart out of it. So the result should be value occurrence ----------------------- user1 2 UserX 1 ... .... Please note, I only want to look for whole words, and not part words. EG, the words 'on' and 'one' appears in the word 'money' - I would not count this (eg, only the word money is counted). Hope that is clear enough. What formula should I use?

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• Need hard disk recommendation for linux home server.

  - by neotracker

  Hello, I'm planing to build a little linux homeserver. It will mainly be used for storage and maybe as an media pc. I plan to build a software raid5 with 4 1.5TB or 2TB hard drives. I already decided to use the Western Digital Caviar Green 1.5 TB drive, but then I read about some problems with the WD green series about many drives failing and that they are not recommended for raid anyway. Of course, I couldn't find much facts on the issues so I thought I just ask here ;-) What hard drives would you recommended for a software raid5 setup? As I only need it for storage, the whole thing doesn't have to be too fast. So I prefer a cheap price and silence to great performance.

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• Conditional `mount` in Linux: dev or nfs

  - by o_O Tync

  I have a mount point — let it be /media/question — and two possible devices: a physical HDD and a remote NFS folder. Sometimes I plug the device in physically, in other cases I mount it via NFS. Is there a way to specify both of them in fstab so that executing mount /media/question will preferably choose physical volume, and when it's not available — NFS?

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• How do I recover a RAID 1 volume on Mac OS X (10.7)?

  - by Avry

  I have a Synology NAS that I've set up with RAID 1. The device is set up with two drives, both the same size (i.e. 500 GB each), formatted in ext3, as a RAID 1 volume (i.e. even though the total capacity is 1TB, I effectively only get 500 GB). In the case of a device failure where I can only access one of the drives, how can I recover my data? The solution I'm looking for is something like: 'Put the working drive in an enclosure, and use <some software> to recover your data.'

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• How to move an existing Win7 setup to a RAID-1 array?

  - by Matthew Scharley

  Currently I have a the following setup: Drive A/B: Identical HDD's Drive C: 2TB external drive with plenty of space currently. Hardware RAID controller Currently I have Drive A which is my boot drive (Win7), and Drive C which is a data drive, and Drive B which I only recently received and is blank. What is the best way of moving off of Drive A, setting up the hardware RAID and then migrating my data back onto the RAID array? I'm proficient with Linux, but I'm not sure if I can get away with simply using dd here. There is currently enough free space on Drive C to take 5-6 copies of a disk image of Drive A, so space isn't an issue.

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• Using a CF card as an IDE HDD

  - by dartacus

  I have an old Sony laptop (Vaio TR1-MP) that I like. The HDD has died and since it's a hard-to-find 1.8" IDE hard drive I'm considering buying one of those little CF card adaptors and a 16gb CF card. The total cost of that is about £30 and replacement HDDs for this model are far pricier. Has anyone replaced their HDD with a CF card in this way, and, crucially, is the performance utterly horrible afterwards? ;-) I've seen a couple of threads which hint it's possible but the advice eventually given was just to buy a SSD, but I'm not even sure if its possible to get a 1.8" SSD with an IDE connector that'll fit my laptop. (I freely admit that the most sensible thing to do would be to bin it and just buy a cheap netbook which would be smaller, faster and lighter than the sony, but it does have a very nice widescreen display and dammit I just like it !) Thanks, G

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• HDD not detected whenever first power on (detected at BIOS level)

  - by Alvin Lim

  I am using Asus P8H61-M LX Motherboard with latest version of BIOS: 4401 One SATA-3 Western Digital Black Series 1.5TB is attached to SATA port 0 A Samsung 22x DVDRW SATA drive attached to SATA Port 1. ps/2 Logitech mouse and keyboard. CPU is i3 with DDR3 8Gb RAM. no other devices are installed. My problem is that when I turn on the computer, the WD HDD is not detected. ie cannot be booted. I have to press ctrl+alt+del in order to get it detected. I'd used the WD data lifeguard software to scan the HDD, the smart status is OK, the surface scan does not show any error at all. Where did I do wrong? Any advice is greatly appreciated.

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• Easiest way to move my Windows installation to an SSD?

  - by Jon Artus

  I've taken the plunge and bought an SSD and want to move my existing Windows installation over. The current hard disk is 500Gb, but I've trimmed the contents down to about ~40Gb. I'm transferring it across to a 100Gb SSD and looking for the easiest way just to copy everything across and set the SSD up as a boot device. I've looked at a few tools like Macrium Reflect, but they don't seem able to restore to a smaller drive. Do I need to go for something like PING to do this? I'm trying to avoid scary Linux-based boot utilities if possible, does anyone know of an easier way?

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