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• grub problem after grub-repair

  - by alireza

  I had two OS,win 7 and Ubuntu, I was working with win and went out of the room and when came back I saw Grub Rescue!!! I booted live and did grub_repaire and it still says multiple active partitions.operating system not found I feel that it can not find the ubuntu hard drive at all! ! ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xde771741 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 61 61 0 0 Empty /dev/sda2 2048 30146559 15072256 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE /dev/sda3 * 30146560 30351359 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 30351360 334483299 152065970 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ ls autofs dvdrw loop4 ppp ram5 shm tty15 tty29 tty42 tty56 ttyS10 ttyS24 uinput vcsa1 block ecryptfs loop5 psaux ram6 snapshot tty16 tty3 tty43 tty57 ttyS11 ttyS25 urandom vcsa2 bsg fb0 loop6 ptmx ram7 snd tty17 tty30 tty44 tty58 ttyS12 ttyS26 usbmon0 vcsa3 btrfs-control fd loop7 pts ram8 sr0 tty18 tty31 tty45 tty59 ttyS13 ttyS27 usbmon1 vcsa4 bus full loop-control ram0 ram9 stderr tty19 tty32 tty46 tty6 ttyS14 ttyS28 usbmon2 vcsa5 cdrom fuse mapper ram1 random stdin tty2 tty33 tty47 tty60 ttyS15 ttyS29 v4l vcsa6 cdrw fw0 mcelog ram10 rfkill stdout tty20 tty34 tty48 tty61 ttyS16 ttyS3 vcs vcsa7 char hpet mei ram11 rtc tty tty21 tty35 tty49 tty62 ttyS17 ttyS30 vcs1 vga_arbiter console input mem ram12 rtc0 tty0 tty22 tty36 tty5 tty63 ttyS18 ttyS31 vcs2 video0 core kmsg net ram13 sda tty1 tty23 tty37 tty50 tty7 ttyS19 ttyS4 vcs3 zero cpu log network_latency ram14 sda2 tty10 tty24 tty38 tty51 tty8 ttyS2 ttyS5 vcs4 cpu_dma_latency loop0 network_throughput ram15 sda3 tty11 tty25 tty39 tty52 tty9 ttyS20 ttyS6 vcs5 disk loop1 null ram2 sda4 tty12 tty26 tty4 tty53 ttyprintk ttyS21 ttyS7 vcs6 dri loop2 oldmem ram3 sg0 tty13 tty27 tty40 tty54 ttyS0 ttyS22 ttyS8 vcs7 dvd loop3 port ram4 sg1 tty14 tty28 tty41 tty55 ttyS1 ttyS23 ttyS9 vcsa ubuntu@ubuntu:/dev$ someone said { Remove the boot flag from sda1, by typing in a terminal: sudo fdisk /dev/sda1 Then press the 'a' key, and 'Enter'. Then press the '1' key, and 'Enter'. Then press the 'w' key, and 'Enter'. } but after grub-repair I got this log: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1371297/ then I try sudo fdisk /dev/sda1 and But It says unable to open /dev/sda1! which is right as sda1 is not in dev folder (look at the picture!) Can anybody help me? I need to work on my windows for the rest of the semester and don't care of my ubuntu. thank you

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• Postfix and tmpfs for /var/spool

  - by Rob Fisher

  My main disk is an SSD so in order to preserve its lifetime by reducing writes I followed some advice and made /var/spool a ram disk by adding this line to /etc/fstab: tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 Later I configured postfix because I have a RAID array on my system and mdadm wants to send me email if the RAID array fails which sounds like a fine idea. Email sending worked fine until I rebooted, at which point: postfix: fatal: open /etc/postfix-out/main.cf: No such file or directory The fix for this is apparently: mkdir /var/spool/postfix postfix check Then I found I also had to do: mkfifo /var/spool/postfix/public/pickup service postfix restart Now sending emails works fine...until the next reboot. So: what is the most correct way to recreate the contents of /var/spool/postfix automatically at boot time if it does not exist? I am using Ubuntu Server 12.04.

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• How Do I interpret HDD S.M.A.R.T Results?

  - by Marty

  My laptop has recently started to become a bit unreliable, and for some reason I started to suspect that my HDD was starting to fail. After a bit of hunting on the internet, I found Ubuntu's Disk Utility in the System menu and ran the long SMART diagnostics from this. However, since the documentation for Disk Utility is very poor (palimpsest?), I'm not sure how to interpret the results: For example, the Read Error Rate is over 50 million (!), yet the Assessment is rated "Good". So would someone mind explaining to me how to interpret the results of these tests (especially the Normalized, Worst, Threshold and Value numbers)? And maybe tell me what they think of the results I got for my HDD? (Thanks)

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• This Week in Geek History: HAL Goes Live, First Alien Moon Landing, First Fighter Jet Ejection Seat

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Every week we bring you interesting facts from the annuals of Geekdom. This week in Geek History saw the birth of HAL, the first landing on an alien moon, and the first real-world test of a fighter jet ejection seat. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC HTG Projects: How to Create Your Own Custom Papercraft Toy How to Combine Rescue Disks to Create the Ultimate Windows Repair Disk What is Camera Raw, and Why Would a Professional Prefer it to JPG? The How-To Geek Guide to Audio Editing: The Basics How To Boot 10 Different Live CDs From 1 USB Flash Drive The 20 Best How-To Geek Linux Articles of 2010 Calvin and Hobbes Mix It Up in this Fight Club Parody [Video] Choose from 124 Awesome HTML5 Games to Play at Mozilla Labs Game On Gallery Google Translate for Android Updates to Include Conversation Mode and More Move Your Photoshop Scratch Disk for Improved Performance Winter Storm Clouds on the Horizon Wallpaper Existential Angry Birds [Video]

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• Can't boot Ubuntu 12.04

  - by carlo

  I installed 12.04 on my windows vista laptop. I wanted to make run Ubuntu and ditch windows. I selected to delete disk and install 12.04. It won't let boot 12.04 with out the install disk. When I turn on my laptop now it goes to a black screen with a blinking cursor. I have to power off then insert Ubuntu 12.04 cd as if it wants me to reinstall. I checked the drive and Ubuntu is there with some of my other saves as well. Can someone help me please?

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• Remote install of Ubuntu Server

  - by David Walker

  Hi all, I have a machine located 500 miles away that's running Ubuntu 8.04. I figure it's just about time that I upgrade to the latest LTS. However, there's a software raid (md_raid) in there, and I'm afraid that just a dist-upgrade when I switch over the sources.list will end with catastrophic failure. Like a panic on boot that the raid'd disk can't be read, or something else. First, hoping that's not the case, however, if it ends up happening I'm wondering if there's a means of having someone drop in a Ubuntu 10.04 server install disk, and flip on ssh, and some means for me to hop on and re-run the installer remotely. Is this feasible? If so, what would one need to do aside run apt-get install ssh on the target machine? I do have friends who can be in front of the target machine to initiate the process, just not execute it out.

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• Meta description of my blog post changes

  - by Aadarsh sojitra

  I have some problems in Meta description tags in my Blogger blog. When I update my pages in search engine with the help of the Fetch as Google feature in GWT, all my blog's results comes with a correct meta description like Today I am back with a reason that "WHY IS ORIGINAL MEMORY IN HARD-DISK IS LESS THAN PRINTED" on a box. If we buy any hard-disk or a pen drive... But after approx 5-6 days, it changes to my blog's default meta description. This is also happening after changing the default meta description of my blog. I want only one answer that why its happening? After deleting my blog and creating a new blog with the same name this problem was solved. Why this problem was solved? - I am asking this question because to solve problems in the future.

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• KVM Guest installed from console. But how to get to the guest's console?

  - by badbishop

  I'm trying to install a fully virtualized guest (Fedora 14 x86_64) on KVM (RHEL 6), using command-line only (both hypervisor and guest). It goes without errors, and without a tangible result . I'd like to know how to do a text-only installation. So, here's what I've done: # virt-install \ --name=FE --ram=756 --vcpus=1 \ --file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img --network bridge:br0 \ --nographics --os-type=linux \ --extra-args='console=tty0' -v \ --cdrom=/media/usb/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso Starting install... Creating domain... | 0 B 00:00 Connected to domain FE Escape character is ^] ÿ Now what? As I understand after googling for a couple of days, I should see the guest's output from the text installation, but nothing happens. virt-viewer cannot connect to it, kindly suggesting that I explore all the options by adding --help (which I did). If I reconnect with virsh, I see this: Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to the console to complete the installation process. [root@v ~] # virsh console FEConnected to domain FE Escape character is ^] This shows that VM is running # virsh list Id Name State ---------------------------------- 8 FE running Qemu log: LC_ALL=C PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -S -M rhel6.0.0 -enable-kvm -m 756 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name FE -uuid 6989d008-7c89-424c-d2d3-f41235c57a18 -nographic -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=monitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/FE.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-reboot -boot d -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,format=raw,cache=none -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -drive file=/media/usb/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso,if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 -netdev tap,fd=20,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:0a:65:8d,bus=pci.0,addr=0x2 -chardev pty,id=serial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=serial0 -usb -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 char device redirected to /dev/pts/1 Output of /etc/libvirt/qemu/FE.xml # cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/FE.xml <domain type='kvm'> <name>FE</name> <uuid>6989d008-7c89-424c-d2d3-f41235c57a18</uuid> <memory>774144</memory> <currentMemory>774144</currentMemory> <vcpu>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.0.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <disk type='block' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/> </disk> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:0a:65:8d'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain> I'm obviously missing something that many others don't, but what is it? Thanx in advance!

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• Is it true that first versions of C compilers ran for dozens of minutes and required swapping floppy disks between stages?

  - by sharptooth

  Inspired by this question. I heard that some very very early versions of C compilers for personal computers (I guess it's around 1980) resided on two or three floppy disks and so in order to compile a program one had to first insert the disk with "first pass", run the "first pass", then change to the disk with "second pass", run that, then do the same for the "third pass". Each pass ran for dozens of minutes so the developer lost lots of time in case of even a typo. How realistic is that claim? What were actual figures and details?

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• grub2 loopback booting ubuntu server iso

  - by Thermionix

  I've got usb-keys setup to multi-boot different linux images using grub2 loopback. The standard ubuntu release isos boot fine, however when attempting to use the server iso it will fail to install saying 'unable to detect cd-media for installation'. the grub.cfg entry; menuentry "ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64" { set isofile="/boot/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso" loopback loop $isofile linux (loop)/install/vmlinuz file=$isofile/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed ro noprompt noeject -- initrd (loop)/install/initrd.gz } I've attempted to add the following parameters as the fromiso works for debian images on the key iso-scan/filename=/boot/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso iso-scan/filename=/dev/disk/by-uuid/2859-44B7/boot/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso fromiso=/dev/disk/by-uuid/2859-44B7/boot/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso

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• USB3 boot device disappears post-grub

  - by JoBu1324

  I have an installation of Ubuntu 12.10 on a USB3 device, and it occasionally disappears during boot, dropping me into busybox. This is what I've been able to figure out so far: During a single boot, the following happened: At the grub2 menu, I typed c and dropped to the grub> prompt I typed ls -l and got a list of all the devices, including partitions and UUIDs - the USB3 partitions were available I escaped back to the boot select menu, selected the default item (ubuntu) and hit enter The screen went black for a second before turning into the purple Ubuntu boot screen with the dots (which usually indicates that the boot will fail. When all is well I don't get the black screen) The boot dropped into BusyBox v1.19.3 with the message `ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/[uuid] does not exist blkid displays all of the partitions except those of the USB3 device, as does ls /dev/disk/by-uuid or any of the alternatives.

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• Ubuntu 12.04 Boot Error

  - by Aman

  My Laptop was working just fine a day back but it started show the following error on booting: error: couldn't read file So, I googled about it and used a Live-CD to use Boot-Repair as told here: "can't read file" error after installation causes system to not boot I was given this link: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1441528/ if there are issues still. I also tried to do it again by a Boot-Repair-Disk this time and now I am getting the following error: error: couldn't read file error: you need to load the kernel first The boot-repair-disk gave me this link: http://paste2.org/p/2609703 if there are further issues.

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• Got back Hibernation option, but cannot resume from Hibernate

  - by harisibrahimkv

  In my Ubuntu 12.04, the hibernation option was working well and fine. However, I installed Debian on another partition recently and when I again tried to boot to Ubuntu, I got a message on the boot splash screen saying : The disk drive for / is not ready yet or not present. Continue to wait; or press s to skip mounting or M for manual recovery. After logging into Ubuntu, I find that my hibernation option has gone missing. Is there anyway to recover the hibernation option? EDIT: I solved the disk drive problem and I got the hibernation option back. When I did "sudo pm-hibernate", my system went to hibernation. However, when powering on again, it booted up normally and thus there was no effect of hibernation. How can this be rectified? EDIT1: System - Lenovo ideapad s10-2. EDIT2: /etc/fstab

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• monitor screen dead.....not even shows bios screen

  - by megatronous

  Re: /host/ubuntu/disks/root.disk does not exist :( ALERT! /host/ubuntu/disks/root.siak does not exist. Dropping to a shell! BusyBox v1.15.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.15.3-1ubuntu5) built-in shell (ash) (initramfs) alll thought the above problem was solved my issue now is..when i booted my pc again after this solving this to solve the above problem i had pressed e in the grub menu then corrected the partition then after starting i did sudo grub-update then i made some automatic update updates then in next reboot......my screen had gone blank .... and i am not even able to see bios screen....in the start ...the monitior just stays blank..................i have even tried disconnectiong my hard disk but still not able to get the display......solution required ....urgently.....

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• Autodetect/mount SDCards and run script for them on Linux

  - by Brendan

  Hey Everyone, I'm currently running SME Server, and need to have a script run upon the attachment of SD Cards to my server. The script itself works fine (it copies the contents of the cards), but the automounting and execution of the script is where I'm having issues. The I have a USB hub consisting of 10 USB ports; that shows up as: [root@server ~]# lsusb Bus 004 Device 002: ID 0000:0000 Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 Bus 001 Device 055: ID 1a40:0101 TERMINUS TECHNOLOGY INC. Bus 001 Device 051: ID 1a40:0101 TERMINUS TECHNOLOGY INC. Bus 001 Device 050: ID 1a40:0101 TERMINUS TECHNOLOGY INC. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 (The hub is the TERMINUS TECHNOLOGY INC entries) As I cannot plug SD Cards directly into the server; I use a USB to SD card attachement (10 of them) plugged into the hub to read the cards. Upon pluggig the 10 attachments (without cards) into the hub; lsusb yields the following: [root@server ~]# lsusb Bus 004 Device 002: ID 0000:0000 Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 Bus 001 Device 073: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 072: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 071: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 070: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 069: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 068: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 067: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 066: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 065: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 064: ID 05e3:0723 Genesys Logic, Inc. Bus 001 Device 055: ID 1a40:0101 TERMINUS TECHNOLOGY INC. Bus 001 Device 051: ID 1a40:0101 TERMINUS TECHNOLOGY INC. Bus 001 Device 050: ID 1a40:0101 TERMINUS TECHNOLOGY INC. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000 As you can see, the readers are the "Gensys Logic, Inc" entries. Plugging in an SD card to a reader doesn't affect lsusb (it reads exactly as above), however my system recognises the cards fine; as indicated by dmesg: Attached scsi generic sg11 at scsi54, channel 0, id 0, lun 0, type 0 USB Mass Storage device found at 73 SCSI device sdd: 31388672 512-byte hdwr sectors (16071 MB) sdd: Write Protect is on sdd: Mode Sense: 03 00 80 00 sdd: assuming drive cache: write through SCSI device sdd: 31388672 512-byte hdwr sectors (16071 MB) sdd: Write Protect is on sdd: Mode Sense: 03 00 80 00 sdd: assuming drive cache: write through sdd: sdd1 SCSI device sdd: 31388672 512-byte hdwr sectors (16071 MB) sdd: Write Protect is on sdd: Mode Sense: 03 00 80 00 sdd: assuming drive cache: write through SCSI device sdd: 31388672 512-byte hdwr sectors (16071 MB) sdd: Write Protect is on sdd: Mode Sense: 03 00 80 00 sdd: assuming drive cache: write through sdd: sdd1 SCSI device sdd: 31388672 512-byte hdwr sectors (16071 MB) sdd: Write Protect is on sdd: Mode Sense: 03 00 80 00 sdd: assuming drive cache: write through SCSI device sdd: 31388672 512-byte hdwr sectors (16071 MB) sdd: Write Protect is on sdd: Mode Sense: 03 00 80 00 sdd: assuming drive cache: write through sdd: sdd1 If I manually mount sdd1 (mount /dev/sdd1 /somedirectory/) this works fine. What I'm really after is a solution that automounts each of the cards as they are inputted into the reader; and executes a script for them (this will involve copying their contents to another directory). My problem is that I don't know how to do this; I don't think udev will work as the USB devices don't change; if I could somehow get udev working with /dev/disk/by-path/ however I think this is doable (it seems to keep constant entries). ls /dev/disk returns: pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.1.1.1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.1.1.2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.1.1.3:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.1.1.4:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.1.2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.1.3:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.1.4:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.3:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.4:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.4:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part1 pci-0000:0b:01.0-scsi-0:0:1:0 pci-0000:0b:01.0-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 pci-0000:0b:01.0-scsi-0:0:1:0-part2 From above, we can see I have only one card plugged into the reader (pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:4.4:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part1). Going mount /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000\:00\:1d.7-usb-0\:4.4\:1.0-scsi-0\:0\:0\:0-part1 Works and places the card under /media/usbdisk/, however: mount /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000\:00\:1d.7-usb-0\:4.4\:1.0-scsi-0\:0\:0\:0-part1 slot1/ doesn't work, and returns "mount: can't get address for /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000" Any ideas and solutions would be great, I've seen the knowledge of a lot of the guys on here before so I'm hopeful someone can help me out. Thanks

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• Symlink are using both locations?

  - by Tiago Rossi

  Ive made a research and didnt found any answers, so I decided to ask here. To make you know, the /dev/sda2 disk of my WHM/Cpanel webserver got 100% full. The /var/ folder are the /dev/sda2 and I've found the reason of that isse are the /var/lib/mysql folder. To fix it I need to move the /var/lib/mysql folder from /dev/sda2 to /home/ where I have a lot of space in disk. Then I used the command lines: service mysql stop cp -r -p /var/lib/mysql/ /home/databasesmysql/ mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql.backup/ ln -s /home/databasesmysql/ /var/lib/mysql service mysql start Ok, now to check if its running at the new location I just renamed the /var/lib/mysql to /var/lib/mysql.backup and MySQL stopped working. Also when I rename the /home/databasesmysql/ folder MySQL also stop to work. I dont know whats happening, the symlink are using both locations? Thanks very much.

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• KVM Virtual guest Paused on Reboot

  - by David Hamilton

  I'm running REHL 6 and just installed a Ubuntu Server Guest via KVM set to start at boot. This works correctly and the guest loads, but it loads "paused" and requires that I manually un-pause it. Can someone give me a hint as to how I can I get the Guest OS to actually become active on boot? Here is the libvert dump as requested...Also tried libvert auto-start --- no effect. <domain type='kvm' id='1'> <name>MailServer</name> <uuid>a61dae75-1f5c-d536-718f-3c615d9b4868</uuid> <memory>4194304</memory> <currentMemory>4194304</currentMemory> <vcpu>4</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.0.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source file='/home/MailServer/MailServer-1.img'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> <alias name='ide0-0-0'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <disk type='block' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> <alias name='ide0-1-0'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/> </disk> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <alias name='ide0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:cd:f9:9f'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <target dev='vnet0'/> <model type='virtio'/> <alias name='net0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <source path='/dev/pts/1'/> <target port='0'/> <alias name='serial0'/> </serial> <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/1'> <source path='/dev/pts/1'/> <target port='0'/> <alias name='serial0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes'/> <sound model='ac97'> <alias name='sound0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </sound> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> <alias name='video0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <memballoon model='virtio'> <alias name='balloon0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> <seclabel type='dynamic' model='selinux'> <label>system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c211,c271</label> <imagelabel>system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c211,c271</imagelabel> </seclabel></domain>

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• Grub messed up on dual boot machine - can't boot live usb

  - by Sam

  I have a laptop on which I had Win 7 and Ubuntu 12.04 installed. The hdd has two partitions (one primary and one extended). Grub wasn't loaing initially so I ran the boot disk repair tool which seemed to sort it out. However, I mistakenly removed python (long story) from the Ubuntu OS and this obviously messed up Ubuntu a lot. So I decided to reintsall both Win7 and Ubuntu 12.04 in an attempt to get things back fresh. Win 7 went fine, but now when I try and use the Live USB to install Ubuntu I get: error: no such device: grub rescue I guess grub is still there despite the Win 7 reinstall and it can't find the partition for Ubuntu (which I deleted prior to the fresh install). I have tried fixmbr in windows console and the boot-repair-disk utility, but no joy. I cannot boot the live usb so no access to linux. A real mess. Any suggestions from the community?

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• installed ubuntu 13.04 but no wireless or wired connection available

  - by James

  after having installed ubuntu 13.04 i can not connect to the internet wirelessly or wired? can only connect to internet by using "try ubuntu" via ethernet cable, ive tried seeking help in so many different ways yet getting no positive outcome at all, will someone please explain why i can only connect with ethernet while i have the cd in the tray? ive also tried downloading b43 drivers to connect to the internet but apparently i dont have enough disk space, what is going on here? i have the disk in the tray now at the screen where you can either try or install, if someone could give me a step by step from here it would probably cut out all this hassle of me not knowing whats going on

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• Booting the liveCD/USB in EFI mode fails on Samsung Tablet XE700T1A

  - by F.L.

  My tablet is Samsung Series 7 Slate (XE700T1A-A02FR (French Language)). It operates an Intel Sandy Bridge architecture. The main issue about this tablet is that it ships with an installed Windows 7 in (U)EFI mode (GPT partition table, etc.), so I'd like to get an EFI dual boot with Ubuntu. But it seems I can't boot on the liveCD in EFI mode. It starts loading (up to initrd), but I then get a blank (black) screen. I've tried the nomodeset kernel option (as well as removing quiet and splash) with no luck. [2012-09-27] I have used the Ubuntu 12.04.1 Desktop ISO (I have read somewhere that it is the only one that can boot in EFI mode). I'd say this has something to do with UEFI since the LiveCD boots in bios mode but not in efi mode. Besides, I am not sure my boot info will help, since I can't boot the LiveCD in EFI mode. As a result I can't install ubuntu in EFI mode. So it would be the boot info from the liveCD boot in bios mode. This happens on a ubuntu-12.04.1-desktop-amd64 iso used on a LiveUSB. Live USB was created by dd'ing the iso onto the full disk device (i.e. /dev/sdx no number) of the Flash drive. I have also tried copying the LiveCD files on a primary GPT partition, but with no luck, I just get the grub shell, no menu, no install option. [2012-09-28] I tried today a flash drive created with Ubuntu's Startup Disk Creator and the alternate 12.04.1 64 bit ISO. I get a grub menu in text mode (which meens it did start in efi mode) with install options / test options. But when I start any of these, I simply get a black screen (no cursor, neither mouse nor text-mode cursor). I tried removing the 'quiet' option and adding nomodeset and acpi=off, but it didn't do any good. So this is the same result as for the LiveCD. [2012-10-01] I have tried with a version of the secure remix version via usb-creator-gtk. The boot on the USB key has the same symptoms. Boot in EFI mode is impossible (I have menu but whatever entry I choose, I get the blank screen problem). The boot in BIOS mode works, I did the install. Then I used boot-repair to try installing grub-efi and get a system that would boot in efi mode. But I can't boot this system, because the EFI firmware doesn't seem to detect that sda contains a valid efi partition. Here is the resulting boot-info Boot info 1253554 [2012-10-01] Today, I have reinstalled the pre-shipped version of windows 7, and then installed ubuntu from a secure-remix iso dumped on USB flash drive vie usb-creator-gtk booted in BIOS mode. When install ended, I said "continue testing" then I used boot-repair to try get the bootloader installed. Now, when I boot the tablet, I get the grub menu, it can chainload windows 7 flawlessly. But when I try to start one of the ubuntu options I get the same old blank screen. Here is the new boot-info: Boot info 1253927 [2012-10-01] I tried installing the 3.3 kernel by chrooting a live usb boot (secure remix again) into the installed system. Same symptoms. I feel the key to this is that the device's efi firmware (which is EFI v2.0) would expose the graphics hardware in a way that prevents the kernel to initialize it, and thus prevents it from booting (the kernel stops all drive access just after the screen turns kind of very dark purple). Here is some info on the UEFI firmware as given by rEFInd: EFI revision: 2.00 Platform: x86_64 (64 bit) Firmware: American Megatrends 4.635 Screen Output: Graphics Output (UEFI), 800x600 [2012-10-08] This week end I tried loading the kernel with elilo. Eventhough I didn't have more luck on booting the kernel, elilo gives more info when loading the kernel. I think the next step is trying to load a kernel with EFI stub directly.

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• How to access photos from my Genius G-Shot P7545 camera?

  - by Florin

  I have a Genius G-Shot P7545 camera. In Windows I had just to plug in the camera to the usb and acces it like a usb stick. I tried to do that in Ubuntu 10.10 with no result. How can I acces the photots? With these comands I get: lsusb Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 015: ID 0784:1692 Vivitar, Inc. Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xcf5acf5a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 2550 20478976 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2550 19458 135810048 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 2550 19458 135809024 83 Linux Unable to read /dev/sdb

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• How can I avoid the random restart of the xserver?

  - by Bernd

  I'm using a desktop pc with 64bit Ubuntu 12.04 (Kernel 3.2.0-24-generic). Hardware specs are - Intel Core i7 CPU 860 @ 2,80GHz x 8 - Nvidia GeForce GTS 250 - 750 GB Hard Disk ATA WDC WD7501AALS-00E3A0 (for my /home partition) - 128 GB Solid-State Disk ATA PLEXTOR PX-128M2S (for all other partitions) Since I reinstalled the PC with Ubuntu 12.04 the xserver restarts randomly. Most times when I watch a video in the browser (maybe a flash issue?) but sometimes the restart/crash appears when I'm working in an text-editor. How can I locate the problem? Which information is needed for a useful answer?

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• ssrs: the report execution has expired or cannot be found

  - by Alex Bransky

  Today I got an exception in a report using SQL Server Reporting Services 2008 R2, but only when attempting to go to the last page of a large report: The report execution sgjahs45wg5vkmi05lq4zaee has expired or cannot be found.;Digging into the logs I found this:library!ReportServer_0-47!149c!12/06/2012-12:37:58:: e ERROR: Throwing Microsoft.ReportingServices.Diagnostics.Utilities.ReportServerStorageException: , An error occurred within the report server database.  This may be due to a connection failure, timeout or low disk condition within the database.;I knew it wasn't a network problem or timeout because I could repeat the problem at will.  I checked the disk space and that seemed fine as well.  The real issue was a lack of memory on the database server that had the ReportServer database.  Restarting the SQL Server engine freed up plenty of RAM and the problem immediately went away.

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• Unable to mount 1TB USB external HDD - Error

  - by superbDeveloper

  Hi, I'm getting an error when I plug in my 1TB USB external HDD, the wierd thing about this is that it was working fine before and I've been using it for about a couple of months now. yesterday I compressed one of the folders which had about 120GB of data but the compression failed after an hour and I decided to unmount the drive and shut everything down. Today when I tried to plug in the drive I got the following error: Error mounting: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so output of cat /proc/partitions below muzikayise@muzikayise-supercom:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x39dcba64 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System please will someone kindly assist with this? thanks in advance,

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• Of transactions and Mongo

  - by Nuri Halperin

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/nuri/archive/2014/05/20/of-transactions-and-mongo-again.aspxWhat's the first thing you hear about NoSQL databases? That they lose your data? That there's no transactions? No joins? No hope for "real" applications? Well, you *should* be wondering whether a certain of database is the right one for your job. But if you do so, you should be wondering that about "traditional" databases as well! In the spirit of exploration let's take a look at a common challenge: You are a bank. You have customers with accounts. Customer A wants to pay B. You want to allow that only if A can cover the amount being transferred. Let's looks at the problem without any context of any database engine in mind. What would you do? How would you ensure that the amount transfer is done "properly"? Would you prevent a "transaction" from taking place unless A can cover the amount? There are several options: Prevent any change to A's account while the transfer is taking place. That boils down to locking. Apply the change, and allow A's balance to go below zero. Charge person A some interest on the negative balance. Not friendly, but certainly a choice. Don't do either. Options 1 and 2 are difficult to attain in the NoSQL world. Mongo won't save you headaches here either. Option 3 looks a bit harsh. But here's where this can go: ledger. See, and account doesn't need to be represented by a single row in a table of all accounts with only the current balance on it. More often than not, accounting systems use ledgers. And entries in ledgers - as it turns out – don't actually get updated. Once a ledger entry is written, it is not removed or altered. A transaction is represented by an entry in the ledger stating and amount withdrawn from A's account and an entry in the ledger stating an addition of said amount to B's account. For sake of space-saving, that entry in the ledger can happen using one entry. Think {Timestamp, FromAccountId, ToAccountId, Amount}. The implication of the original question – "how do you enforce non-negative balance rule" then boils down to: Insert entry in ledger Run validation of recent entries Insert reverse entry to roll back transaction if validation failed. What is validation? Sum up the transactions that A's account has (all deposits and debits), and ensure the balance is positive. For sake of efficiency, one can roll up transactions and "close the book" on transactions with a pseudo entry stating balance as of midnight or something. This lets you avoid doing math on the fly on too many transactions. You simply run from the latest "approved balance" marker to date. But that's an optimization, and premature optimizations are the root of (some? most?) evil.. Back to some nagging questions though: "But mongo is only eventually consistent!" Well, yes, kind of. It's not actually true that Mongo has not transactions. It would be more descriptive to say that Mongo's transaction scope is a single document in a single collection. A write to a Mongo document happens completely or not at all. So although it is true that you can't update more than one documents "at the same time" under a "transaction" umbrella as an atomic update, it is NOT true that there' is no isolation. So a competition between two concurrent updates is completely coherent and the writes will be serialized. They will not scribble on the same document at the same time. In our case - in choosing a ledger approach - we're not even trying to "update" a document, we're simply adding a document to a collection. So there goes the "no transaction" issue. Now let's turn our attention to consistency. What you should know about mongo is that at any given moment, only on member of a replica set is writable. This means that the writable instance in a set of replicated instances always has "the truth". There could be a replication lag such that a reader going to one of the replicas still sees "old" state of a collection or document. But in our ledger case, things fall nicely into place: Run your validation against the writable instance. It is guaranteed to have a ledger either with (after) or without (before) the ledger entry got written. No funky states. Again, the ledger writing *adds* a document, so there's no inconsistent document state to be had either way. Next, we might worry about data loss. Here, mongo offers several write-concerns. Write-concern in Mongo is a mode that marshals how uptight you want the db engine to be about actually persisting a document write to disk before it reports to the application that it is "done". The most volatile, is to say you don't care. In that case, mongo would just accept your write command and say back "thanks" with no guarantee of persistence. If the server loses power at the wrong moment, it may have said "ok" but actually no written the data to disk. That's kind of bad. Don't do that with data you care about. It may be good for votes on a pole regarding how cute a furry animal is, but not so good for business. There are several other write-concerns varying from flushing the write to the disk of the writable instance, flushing to disk on several members of the replica set, a majority of the replica set or all of the members of a replica set. The former choice is the quickest, as no network coordination is required besides the main writable instance. The others impose extra network and time cost. Depending on your tolerance for latency and read-lag, you will face a choice of what works for you. It's really important to understand that no data loss occurs once a document is flushed to an instance. The record is on disk at that point. From that point on, backup strategies and disaster recovery are your worry, not loss of power to the writable machine. This scenario is not different from a relational database at that point. Where does this leave us? Oh, yes. Eventual consistency. By now, we ensured that the "source of truth" instance has the correct data, persisted and coherent. But because of lag, the app may have gone to the writable instance, performed the update and then gone to a replica and looked at the ledger there before the transaction replicated. Here are 2 options to deal with this. Similar to write concerns, mongo support read preferences. An app may choose to read only from the writable instance. This is not an awesome choice to make for every ready, because it just burdens the one instance, and doesn't make use of the other read-only servers. But this choice can be made on a query by query basis. So for the app that our person A is using, we can have person A issue the transfer command to B, and then if that same app is going to immediately as "are we there yet?" we'll query that same writable instance. But B and anyone else in the world can just chill and read from the read-only instance. They have no basis to expect that the ledger has just been written to. So as far as they know, the transaction hasn't happened until they see it appear later. We can further relax the demand by creating application UI that reacts to a write command with "thank you, we will post it shortly" instead of "thank you, we just did everything and here's the new balance". This is a very powerful thing. UI design for highly scalable systems can't insist that the all databases be locked just to paint an "all done" on screen. People understand. They were trained by many online businesses already that your placing of an order does not mean that your product is already outside your door waiting (yes, I know, large retailers are working on it... but were' not there yet). The second thing we can do, is add some artificial delay to a transaction's visibility on the ledger. The way that works is simply adding some logic such that the query against the ledger never nets a transaction for customers newer than say 15 minutes and who's validation flag is not set. This buys us time 2 ways: Replication can catch up to all instances by then, and validation rules can run and determine if this transaction should be "negated" with a compensating transaction. In case we do need to "roll back" the transaction, the backend system can place the timestamp of the compensating transaction at the exact same time or 1ms after the original one. Effectively, once A or B visits their ledger, both transactions would be visible and the overall balance "as of now" would reflect no change.  The 2 transactions (attempted/ reverted) would be visible , since we do actually account for the attempt. Hold on a second. There's a hole in the story: what if several transfers from A to some accounts are registered, and 2 independent validators attempt to compute the balance concurrently? Is there a chance that both would conclude non-sufficient-funds even though rolling back transaction 100 would free up enough for transaction 117 (some random later transaction)? Yes. there is that chance. But the integrity of the business rule is not compromised, since the prime rule is don't dispense money you don't have. To minimize or eliminate this scenario, we can also assign a single validation process per origin account. This may seem non-scalable, but it can easily be done as a "sharded" distribution. Say we have 11 validation threads (or processing nodes etc.). We divide the account number space such that each validator is exclusively responsible for a certain range of account numbers. Sounds cunningly similar to Mongo's sharding strategy, doesn't it? Each validator then works in isolation. More capacity needed? Chop the account space into more chunks. So where  are we now with the nagging questions? "No joins": Huh? What are those for? "No transactions": You mean no cross-collection and no cross-document transactions? Granted - but don't always need them either. "No hope for real applications": well... There are more issues and edge cases to slog through, I'm sure. But hopefully this gives you some ideas of how to solve common problems without distributed locking and relational databases. But then again, you can choose relational databases if they suit your problem.

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