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• Calculating Cloud Service Costs [closed]

  - by capdragon

  Possible Duplicate: Can you help me with my capacity planning? I would like to scale a web application to the Cloud and wanted to know if anyone had any experience calculating costs and could tell me how I would go about that. I have NO experience with cloud services at all. Currently my production environment consists of two web servers and one database server. If the application continues on a linear growth path, eventually, I want to scale to the cloud to avoid any more long term commitments to extra hardware. I want to be able to create a similar environment I have now as a baseline. Have this as my fixed cost that I will always have. I also want to calculate my variable costs that will increase with more users or bandwidth. I don't have a preferred cloud vendor. Amazon, Rackspace, Terremark or any other is fine as long as understand how to calculate my fixed and variable costs.

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• Mapping of memory addresses to physical modules in Windows XP

  - by Josef Grahn

  I plan to run 32-bit Windows XP on a workstation with dual processors, based on Intel's Nehalem microarchitecture, and triple channel RAM. Even though XP is limited to 4 GB of RAM, my understanding is that it will function with more than 4 GB installed, but will only expose 4 GB (or slightly less). My question is: Assuming that 6 GB of RAM is installed in six 1 GB modules, which physical 4 GB will Windows actually map into its address space? In particular: Will it use all six 1 GB modules, taking advantage of all memory channels? (My guess is yes, and that the mapping to individual modules within a group happens in hardware.) Will it map 2 GB of address space to each of the two NUMA nodes (as each processor has it's own memory interface), or will one processor get fast access to 3 GB of RAM, while the other only has 1 GB? Thanks!

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• Lazy umount or Unmounting a busy disk in Linux

  - by deed02392

  I have read that it is possible to 'umount' a disk that is otherwise busy by using the 'lazy' option. The manpage has this to say about it: umount - unmount file systems -l Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. This option allows a "busy" filesystem to be unmounted. (Requires kernel 2.4.11 or later.) But what would be the point in that? I considered why we dismount partitions at all: To remove the hardware To perform operations on the filesystem that would be unsafe to do while mounted In either of these cases, all a 'lazy' unmount serves IMHO is to make it more difficult to determine if the disk really is dismounted and you can actually proceed with these actions. The only application for umount -l seems to be for inexperienced users to 'feel' like they've achieved something they haven't. Why would you use a lazy unmount?

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• Why does StackExchange store images in imgur rather than its own servers? [migrated]

  - by martin's

  I am trying to understand the technical (and business) logic behind taking such an approach. Certainly SE isn't short of server or bandwidth resources. I don't think imgur is a CDN, so that can't be the reason. On the one hand one is giving up local control (meaning your files, your hardware) of the content. On the other, you don't have to use your own bandwidth, storage and resources. Then again, you depend on someone else for the reliability and up-time of your service.

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• Advantages of Terminal Server instead of normal client-Server installation?

  - by Sam

  What are the advantages of using a (Windows) Terminal Server and thin clients instead of using a normal Server and full clients? So far I've only really used normal servers and clients, but now customers ask about terminal Server, and I'd like to know pro's and con's of using them instead of an "old-fashioned" client-server network. Some things I can guess: easier administration (don't need to install/update office/stuff on 20 computers but only on the server). Easier backup (no need to backup client computers). And I'd guess it would be hard (impossible) to connect and use local (like USB) hardware with Terminal Server? What else are the reasons for or against switching to Terminal Server?

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• Cloud Computing - Multiple Physical Computers, One Logical Computer

  - by Koobz

  I know that you can set up multiple virtual machines per physical computer. I'm wondering if it's possible to make multiple physical computers behave as one logical unit? Fundamentally the way I imagine it working is that you can throw 10 computers into a facility one day. You've got one client that requires the equivalent of two computers worth, and 100 others that eat up the remaining 8. As demands change you're just reallocating logical resources, maybe the 2 computer client now requires a third physical system. You just add it to the cloud, and don't worry about sharding the database, or migrating data over to a new server. Can it work this way? If yes, why would anyone ever do things like partition their database servers anymore? Just add more computing resources. You scale horizontally with the hardware, but your server appears to scale vertically. There's no need to modify your application's infrastructure to support multiple databases etc.

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• Cloud Computing - Multiple Physical Computers, One Logical Computer

  - by bundini

  I know that you can set up multiple virtual machines per physical computer. I'm wondering if it's possible to make multiple physical computers behave as one logical unit? Fundamentally the way I imagine it working is that you can throw 10 computers into a facility one day. You've got one client that requires the equivalent of two computers worth, and 100 others that eat up the remaining 8. As demands change you're just reallocating logical resources, maybe the 2 computer client now requires a third physical system. You just add it to the cloud, and don't worry about sharding the database, or migrating data over to a new server. Can it work this way? If yes, why would anyone ever do things like hand partition their database servers anymore? Just add more computing resources. You scale horizontally with the hardware, but your server appears to scale vertically. There's no need to modify your application's supporting infrastructure to support multiple databases etc.

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• My Intel Core i3 frequently shuts down due to "Processor Thermal Trip error"

  - by explorest

  My Desktop PC running Windows 7 on Intel Core i3 dual processor machine started shutting down during the boot process a couple of days ago. I left it alone for about 48 hours and tried again. The boot process informed me about Processor Thermal Trip as being the cause of boot failures and suggested a Windows recovery process. I went through the recovery process which completed without problems. The PC booted normally and Windows 7 worked as expected but after 10 minutes it again tripped and now whenever I start it, it shuts down during the boot process. What should I do next?... is there a boot menu / setup settings that needs to be adjusted to avoid it... Or is there a hardware problem (which seems unlikely as the machine occasionally boots perfectly )?

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• Natively boot Virtualbox Image

  - by isync

  I am faced with a Windows hardware/software problem left over from another person. It's on me to resolve. It's a mission critical setup. The situation is: I've got a physical server machine with: -Disk C:\ (one disk) containing a basic install of Windows Server 2008 R2, formerly Win Vista Pro, now gone. -Disk D:\ (software Raid) containing a VirtualBox disk image of a configured Windows Server 2008 R2 running SQL Server R2 among others. What shall I do now? Migrate all the stuff from the configured VM to the basic but natively installed C:\ Windows Server 2008 R2 (with the possibility of breaking stuff)? Or, Setting up the machine to "natively boot" the VM with the help of bcdedit.exe (something I've read about, what I've never done, what I don't know of if it works, if it hits performance, or if it is stable for production) For me, being old skool, I am in the process of de-virtualising everything (option 1). But I'd be happy if someone suggests I am ok to go down the "natively boot" route.

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• Use Internet Explorer 6 and 7 in Virtual Box.

  - by Sharon

  Hello. I am trying to install the vhds (virtual hard drive image) of IE6 on XP and IE 7 on XP packs available from Microsoft on Virtual Box. Virtual Box will only mount CD/DVD's and/or ISO's. How do I get it to use the Microsoft files? I need this to test web pages in IE6/IE7s. I am running Windows 7 Home Premium. Is there a way to do this, or another way that will allow me to load XP/IE6 and XP/IE7 in Virtualbox Edit: Ok I got it to work but it says XP must be updated in 3 days due to hardware changes. Microsoft said this would be activated til January 1st 2010. Is there a way to bypass that?

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• Windows 8.1 fresh install with Windows 8 licence

  - by typ1232

  I purchased Windows 8 online from Microsoft a while ago. Today Windows 8.1 was released as a free update to Windows 8 users over the Windows Store. I was planning to do a fresh install of Windows 8.1 to have a clean system again and UEFI support because I got new hardware since the Windows 8 installation. So my questions are: Where do I get the ISO installation medium for Windows 8.1 64-bit? I tried this microsoft site where I initially got my Windows 8 ISO from, but when entering my Windows 8 key in the Windows 8.1 installer, it says the key is wrong. Even if I get the ISO, will my old key work? I'm concerned because it didn't work in their installer (see previous point) Do they seriously want me to reinstall Windows 8 and after that upgrade to Windows 8.1 through their Store?!

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• Smartcards for storing gpg/ssh keys (Linux) - what do I need?

  - by Ninefingers

  Hi All, I'm interested in storing my SSH keys and gpg keys on a smartcard for added security. However, I'm a bit uncertain on a few points, which are as follows: How many keys can I get on a card? I assume both SSH and GPG can store keys on the card. Is there a limit to key size? I see a lot of cards saying they support 2048-bit keys, what about larger sizes? Hardware: can anyone recommend a card/reader combination that works well? I've done a fair amount of research and it seems PC/SC readers can be a bit iffy - is this your experience? Have I missed anything I should be asking? Are there any other hurdles? I'm aware fsf europe give away cards with membership - I'm not sure I want to join, but... are these cards any good?

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• How to record my voice on a Mac Mini with headphones?

  - by user718408

  I'm try to record my voice via the headphone on a Mac Mini, but it's not working. I saw on Apple's site that the Mac Mini can record voice, but it doesn't seem to be working for me. Here is a hardware overview: Model Name: Mac Mini Model Identifier: Macmini3,1 Processor Name: Intel Core 2 Duo Processor Speed: 2.26 GHz Number Of Processors: 1 Total Number Of Cores: 2 L2 Cache: 3 MB Memory: 4 GB Audio: Make: Intel High Definition Audio Audio ID: 65 Headphone connection: Combination Output Line Input connection: Combination Input Speaker connection: Internal S/PDIF Optical Digital Audio Output connection: Combination Output S/PDIF Optical Digital Audio Input connection: Combination Input Any ideas how I can successfully get recording working?

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• Ubuntu 10.04 install - frozen at splash, no errors

  - by Andrew Bolster

  Has anyone else come across this? After about as much of a fresh install as i can muster without buying new drives, and after walking through the amd64 alternate install with ease, and after a little 'pre-splash' screen where the orange dots under the (very sexy) new ubuntu logo blink away, I'm left with a vista of purple hues and logo plonked in the middle, with the dots not going anywhere. I was at this same position last night at 3 in the morning, left it lying overnight, and nothing had changed, so I'm pretty sure its frozen, the virtual terminals are not accessible, ie, c+a+F1 etc does nothing, but when i go in and inspect /var/log/* in the recovery console by booting off the installation cd, no errors, no complaints, no problems. I'm at my wits end and am just about ready to try anything. If this was on SO I'd be bountying, but if anyone can help you'll just have to cope with my thanks! Additional Details on my blog and my first attempt at asking for help Update: I can reasonably say it is not a hardware fault, as a full install of 9.10 with dual screen nvidia xinemara indicate that nothing is wonky

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• Linux/bsd tcp load balancing with 10 gigabit ethernet

  - by user37899

  Okay, I've been looking at layer 4 load balancing solutions for 10 gigabit links. I need the following properties Works at 10Gig ethernet speeds. Can support long live tcp connections. up to 1mil live tcp connections. Balancer not involved in the return path. Fault tolerant with tcp session fail over. low latency and good through put. can be scripted. Either a software or hardware solution. Can it be done? Anyone doing this?

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• Laptop and 2 screens: use screens but not monitor display

  - by ClarkeyBoy

  Hi, I have 1 VGA socket on my laptop, and currently have that in use by a large screen. At some point in the future I would like to get another one of these screens and use both screens in dual screen mode but not use my laptop display (to be honest my laptop display is pretty rubbish as its like 2/3s the size of my screen - even if I had the choice to use all 3 I probably wouldn't want to). Is it possible to achieve this? If so, what do I need by way of hardware / software, and how much do you reckon it should cost me? Thanks in advance. Regards, Richard

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• What are the "must " security tools for small organizations ?

  - by Berkay

  One of my friend has started a company, it's a small-scale company that has a 40 workers.There is two guys also responsible for the security and IT related issues.He is managing the LAN, Webpage of the company, e-mail configuration, printer hardware modification, application deployment etc. In this point, to provide the security measures including access controls, authentication, web server security etc. Which tools do you use for securing, monitoring and controlling the system ? Are you paying for these tools or are they open source? This question is due to the security administrators requests to my friend.He offers to get some tools for the company and my friend hesitates to pay that much on them (what he mentioned me.)

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• Freebsd or Linux? as BGP router over 100mbps

  - by Yucong Sun

  I am building a server to act as a BGP border router for my 100mbps uplink in ISP. I needs these feature: 1) Dual stack BGP peering/routing (at least 100Mbps, maybe more). 2) Potential full internet BGP feed. 3) Some basic ACL functionality. The hardware is L3426/8G ram. NIC will be on-board dual port Broadcom 5716. I've worked with Linux extensively before and it seems to be able to handle 100mbps, but I heard FreeBSD is faster on networking stuff. Which one should I use? And do we have some performance benchmark numbers out there? Cheers.

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• Virtualized CPU cores vs. threads

  - by nedm

  We've got a KVM host system on Ubuntu 9.10 with a newer Quad-core Xeon CPU with hyperthreading. As detailed on Intel's product page, the processor has 4 cores but 8 threads. /proc/cpuinfo and htop both list 8 processors, though each one states 4 cores in cpuinfo. KVM/QEMU also reports 8 VCPUs available to assign to guests. My question is when I'm allocating VCPUs to VM guests, should I allocate per-core or per-thread? Since KVM/QEMU reports the server has 8 VCPUs to allocate, should I go ahead and set a guest to use 4 CPUs where I previously would have set it to use 2 (assuming 4 total VCPUs available)? I'd like to get the most possible out of the host hardware without over-allocating.

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• No audio input deviced are installed

  - by Meowbits

  If I go to Sound Recording Devices and it says "No audio devices are installed" If I click to set up a microphone I get an error "Wizard could not launch, No audio input device found, make sure your audio hardware is working properly and check your audio configuration in the Audio Devices and Sound Themes control panel. Where can I get an audio input device? I just want something so I can actually use the microphone on my headset. This is ridiculous. I have tried to look for any file but I simply cannot find a way to add an audio input device... I really do not want to format my computer just for this problem but I am starting to feel like that is the only option I have. I have the latest chipsets

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• Audio input problem in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by Andrea Ambu

  My audio input is a mix of my mic output and my sound card output. I'd like it to be just my mic output. I was able to do so in Ubuntu 9.04 but the interface is 9.10 is totally changed and I tried every my creativity was able to think. It's really annoying when talking to other people over the internet because they keep hearing their voice back. I'm not sure I explained it in clear way so I'll give you an example: What I do: I put an mp3 on play or a video on youtube then open a recorder and start to talk on my mic. What happens: both my voice and audio from mp3/youtube get reordered, even if I put headphones volume to 0 (via hardware). What I'd like to happen: Only my voice should be recorded. I'm sure I'm missing some technical term, but that's the problem and I'd like to solve it in Ubuntu 9.10, any idea?

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• Restrict access to ESXi

  - by kdl

  What is the best option to restrict access to ESXi machine so that it could be managed using VSphere client from only certain hosts? I know there is no built-in firewall and everyone recommends placing an ESXi machine behind a firewall, but when this is not an option... Is there any other option like using hosts.allow/deny or anything else? Or I better use ESX instead of ESXi? Edit: In the given circumstances, I am not able to add any additional hardware or use things like managed switches.

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• Installing Windows 7 on a BSOD Windows Vista (ASAP)

  - by anonymous

  On a previous question i posted, i asked for help on fixing my windows vista box because it keeps going to blue screen. No one seems to have the answer, so now i want to install Windows 7. I want to know if i can install 7 without having to reformat my hard drive and having to lose all my files. I've already confirmed the hardware is working because i installed Ubuntu 9.10 on my external hard drive and it runs on my system fine. I tested the memory using vista's memory test and Ubuntu's memory test. here's the previous post: http://superuser.com/questions/125897/i-really-need-help-resolving-a-window-vista-bsod-blue-screen-crash-on-my-deskto

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• What is the current state of development for the FLAC codec?

  - by TwentyMiles

  I have a pretty large collection of FLAC files created from my CD collection. I love the FLAC format and the sound quality that you can get from it. Lately, however, I've been trying to write a few tools to manipulate the files and I've been noticing what seems to be a stagnation of the community around the codec. Some of the links on the official FLAC page point to thing that are no longer relevant (7digital, for example, appears to no longer sell FLAC encoded songs). It's pretty hard to find hardware players that support FLAC any more (most noticeably it's not present on lower end players when it used to be, and playback is absent on Android). Programming language tools (Java and .NET libraries) are at best old, and at worst unfinished. What's the current state of FLAC development? Has it been replaced by another codec?

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• WEP authentication suddenly failing in Ubuntu

  - by kellishaver

  I'm running Ubuntu 9.10 and after a recent reboot, I'm now unable to authenticate to wireless networks using WEP encryption. I can connect fine to open networks (no idea about WPA). When trying to connect via WEP, I'm continually prompted for the network key, which I know I have entered correctly (and should have been/is saved in my keyring anyway). Everything had been working fine until the reboot. No updates had been installed or configuration changes made. Hardware-wise, everything looks fine (http://pastebin.org/113777), and the fact that connecting to an open network works just fine leads me to think this is a software issue. I just don't know where to begin fixing it. Any insights would be greatly appreciated.

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