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  • Why do old programming languages continue to be revised?

    - by SunAvatar
    This question is not, "Why do people still use old programming languages?" I understand that quite well. In fact the two programming languages I know best are C and Scheme, both of which date back to the 70s. Recently I was reading about the changes in C99 and C11 versus C89 (which seems to still be the most-used version of C in practice and the version I learned from K&R). Looking around, it seems like every programming language in heavy use gets a new specification at least once per decade or so. Even Fortran is still getting new revisions, despite the fact that most people using it are still using FORTRAN 77. Contrast this with the approach of, say, the typesetting system TeX. In 1989, with the release of TeX 3.0, Donald Knuth declared that TeX was feature-complete and future releases would contain only bug fixes. Even beyond this, he has stated that upon his death, "all remaining bugs will become features" and absolutely no further updates will be made. Others are free to fork TeX and have done so, but the resulting systems are renamed to indicate that they are different from the official TeX. This is not because Knuth thinks TeX is perfect, but because he understands the value of a stable, predictable system that will do the same thing in fifty years that it does now. Why do most programming language designers not follow the same principle? Of course, when a language is relatively new, it makes sense that it will go through a period of rapid change before settling down. And no one can really object to minor changes that don't do much more than codify existing pseudo-standards or correct unintended readings. But when a language still seems to need improvement after ten or twenty years, why not just fork it or start over, rather than try to change what is already in use? If some people really want to do object-oriented programming in Fortran, why not create "Objective Fortran" for that purpose, and leave Fortran itself alone? I suppose one could say that, regardless of future revisions, C89 is already a standard and nothing stops people from continuing to use it. This is sort of true, but connotations do have consequences. GCC will, in pedantic mode, warn about syntax that is either deprecated or has a subtly different meaning in C99, which means C89 programmers can't just totally ignore the new standard. So there must be some benefit in C99 that is sufficient to impose this overhead on everyone who uses the language. This is a real question, not an invitation to argue. Obviously I do have an opinion on this, but at the moment I'm just trying to understand why this isn't just how things are done already. I suppose the question is: What are the (real or perceived) advantages of updating a language standard, as opposed to creating a new language based on the old?

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  • Session Evaluations

    - by BuckWoody
    I do a lot of public speaking. I write, teach, present and communicate at many levels. I love to do those things. And I love to get better at them. And one of the ways you get better at something is to get feedback on how you did. That being said, I have to confess that I really despise the “evaluations” I get at most venues. From college to technical events to other locations, at Microsoft and points in between, I find these things to be just shy of damaging, and most certainly useless. And it’s not always your fault. Ouch. That seems harsh. But let me ask you one question – and be as honest as you can with the answer – think about it first: “What is the point of a session evaluation?” I’m not saying there isn’t one. In fact, I think there’s a really important reason for them. In my mind, it’s really this: To make the speaker / next session better. Now, if you look at that, you can see right away that most session evals don’t accomplish this goal – not even a little. No, the way that they are worded and the way you (and I) fill them out, it’s more like the implied goal is this: Tell us how you liked this speaker / session. The current ones are for you, not for the speaker or the next person. It’s a popularity contest. Don’t get me wrong. I want to you have a good time. I want you to learn. I want (desperately, oh, please oh please) for you to like me. But in fact, that’s probably not why you went to the session / took the class / read that post. No, you want to learn, and to learn for a particular reason. Remember, I’m talking about college classes, sessions and other class environments here, not a general public event. Most – OK, all – session evaluations make you answer the second goal, not the first. Let’s see how: First, they don’t ask you why you’re there. They don’t ask you if you’re even qualified to evaluate the session or speaker. They don’t ask you how to make it better or keep it great. They use odd numeric scales that are meaningless. For instance, can someone really tell me the difference between a 100-level session and a 200-level one? Between a 400-level and a 500? Is it “internals” (whatever that means) or detail, or length or code, or what? I once heard a great description: A 100-level session makes me say, “wow - I’m smart.” A 500-level session makes me say “wow – that presenter is smart.” And just what is the difference between a 6 and a 7 answer on this question: How well did the speaker know the material? 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10 Oh. My. Gosh. How does that make the next session better, or the speaker? And what criteria did you use to answer? And is a “10” better than a “1” (not always clear, and various cultures answer this differently). When it’s all said and done, a speaker basically finds out one thing from the current session evals: “They liked me. They really really liked me.” Or, “Wow. I think I may need to schedule some counseling for the depression I’m about to go into.” You may not think that’s what the speaker hears, but trust me, they do. Those are the only two reactions to the current feedback sheets they get. Either they keep doing what they are doing, or they get their feelings hurt. They just can’t use the information provided to do better. Sorry, but there it is. Keep in mind I do want your feedback. I want to get better. I want you to get your money and time’s worth, probably as much as any speaker alive. But I want those evaluations to be accurate, specific and actionable. I want to know if you had a good time, sure, but I also want to know if I did the right things, and if not, if I can do something different or better. And so, for your consideration, here is the evaluation form I would LOVE for you to use. Feel free to copy it and mail it to me any time. I’m going to put some questions here, and then I’ll even include why they are there. Notice that the form asks you a subjective question right away, and then makes you explain why. That’s work on your part. Notice also that it separates the room and the coffee and the lights and the LiveMeeting from the presenter. So many presenters are faced with circumstances beyond their control, and yet are rated high or low personally on those things. This form helps tease those apart. It’s not numeric. Numbers are easier for the scoring committees but are useless for you and me. So I don’t have any numbers. We’re actually going to have to read these things, not put them in a machine. Hey, if you put in the work to write stuff down, the least we could do is take the time to read it. It’s not anonymous. If you’ve got something to say, say it, and own up to it. People are not “more honest” when they are anonymous, they are less honest. So put your name on it. In fact – this is radical – I posit that these evaluations should be publicly available. Forever. Just like replies to a blog post. Hey, if I’m an organizer, I would LOVE to be able to have access to specific, actionable information on the attendees and the speakers. So if you want mine to be public, go for it. I’ll take the good and the bad. Enjoy. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Session Evaluation – Date, Time, Location, Topic Thanks for giving us your time today. We know that’s valuable, and we hope you learned something you can use from the session. If you can answer these questions as completely as you can, it will help the next person who attends a session here. Your Name: What you do for a living: (We Need your background to evaluate your evaluation) How long you have been doing that: (Again, we need your background to evaluate your evaluation) Paste Session Description Here: (This is what I said I would talk about) Did you like the session?                     No        Meh        Yes (General subjective question – overall “feeling”. You’ll tell us why in a minute.)  Tell us about the venue. Temperature, lights, coffee, or the online sound, performance, anything other than the speaker and the material. (Helps the logistics to be better or as good for the next person) 1. What did you expect to learn in this session? (How did you interpret that extract – did you have expectations that I should work towards for the next person?) 2. Did you learn what you expected to learn? Why? Be very specific. (This is the most important question there is. It tells us how to make the session better for someone like you.) 3. If you were giving this presentation, would you have done anything differently? What? (Helps us to gauge you, the listener, and might give us a great idea on how to do something better. Thanks!) 4. What will you do with the information you got? (Every presenter wants you to learn, and learn something useful. This will help us do that as well or better)  

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  • Matching my skills with Java and Web Programming

    - by John R
    here is my main question: What is the most common way that Java is used in web development? The reason I ask: I am currently in the process of finding my first internship. Every employer has a separate set of languages, technologies and acronyms they want their candidates to know. In school I did well with Java. As a hobby and interest I have developed a handful of web pages widgets, scripts, etc. My university emphasized Java, C and theory. My hobbies emphasize HTML, PHP, JavaScript, CSS, and a little jQuery, etc. I can't learn a dozen different technologies to satisfy most prospective employers (in what is left of the summer). I think my best bet is combine my skills with Java and my interests in web development. That brings me back to my original question: What is the most common way that Java is used in web development?

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  • Using .add() on the same widget more than once

    - by Dillon Gilmore
    I asked this question on Reddit and was directed here. http://www.reddit.com/r/Ubuntu/comments/vhadl/quickly_dynamic_ui/ Unfortunately I am having the same issue and the problems seems that you can only use .add() on a widget once. So here is my code, self.ui.labels = [] for titles in entries: label = Gtk.Label() self.ui.labels.append(label) self.ui.viewport1.add(self.ui.labels[-1]) self.ui.paned1.show_all() Now, for fun I decided "What would happen if I just manually did..." self.ui.viewport1.add(Gtk.Label()) self.ui.viewport1.add(Gtk.Button()) self.ui.viewport1.add(Gtk.Entry()) For my first code snippet I get this error, Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_viewport_add: assertion gtk_bin_get_child (bin) == NULL' failed The error happens an unknown amount of times because the list entries can vary in length, but for my second code snippet it happens exactly twice. This means that when I viewport1.add() it works the first time, but all adds after that receive the error above. So my question, is there a way in python to use .add() on the same widget more than once?

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  • Should a primary key be immutable?

    - by Vincent Malgrat
    A recent question on stackoverflow provoked a discussion about the immutability of primary keys. I had thought that it was a kind of rule that primary keys should be immutable. If there is a chance that some day a primary key would be updated, I thought you should use a surrogate key. However it is not in the SQL standard and some RDBMS' "cascade update" feature allows a primary key to change. So my question is: is it still a bad practice to have a primary key that may change ? What are the cons, if any, of having a mutable primary key ?

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  • Looking for a non-cryptographic hash function that returns a single character

    - by makerofthings7
    Suppose I have a dictionary of ASCII words stored in uppercase. I also want to save those words into separate files so that the total word count of each file is approximately the same. By simply looking at the word I need to know which file it should be in (if it's there at all). Duplicate words should go into the same file and overwrite the last one. My first attempt at solving this problem is to use .NET's object.GetHashCode() function and .Trim() to get one of the "random" characters that pop up. I asked a similar question here If I only use one character of object.GetHashCode() I would get a hash code character of A..Z or 0..9. However saving the result of GetHashCode to disk is a no-no so I need a substitute. Question: What algorithm (or subset of an algorithm) is appropriate for pigeonholing strings into a single character or range of characters (Like hex 0..F offers 16 chars)? Real world usage: I'll use this answer to modify the Partition key used in Azure Table storage as described here

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  • Useful git commit messages for merged branches

    - by eykanal
    As a follow-up to this question: If I'm working on a team by myself, I can maintain useful commit messages when merging branches by squashing all the commits to a single diff and then merging that diff. That way I can easily see what changes were introduced in the branch, and I have a single summary describing the feature/change/whatever that was accomplished in that branch when browsing the master branch. My question now is, how can I accomplish this when working with a team? In that situation, the branches will be pushed to a remote repository, meaning that I can't squash all the commits in the branch down to a single commit. If the branch is public, can I still have a single useful merge commit in the master branch? (By "useful" I mean that the commit in the master line tells me (1) a useful summary of what was done in the branch and (2) diffs of the same.)

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  • Equation / formula to determine an objects position on an ellipitcal path

    - by David Murphy
    I'm making a space game, as such I need objects to follow an elliptical path (orbit). I've worked out how to calculate all the important aspects of my orbits, the only remaining thing is how to have an object follow it. My Orbit class contains the major, minor (and by extension semi-major,semi-minor) lengths. The focii radius, area and circumference even. What is the equation to determine an objects x/y position (only need 2D) on an ellipse with a certain speed after a period of time. Basically, every frame I want to update the position based on the amount of elapsed time. I would like to have the speed along the path speed up and slow down according to the distance from the object it's orbiting, but not sure how to factor this in to the above given that at any point in time the speed has changed from it's previous speed. EDIT I can't answer my own question. But I found the question and answer is already on stackexchange: Kepler orbit : get position on the orbit over time

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  • How important is it that you know the C++ standard?

    - by Nim
    I did try searching, but I did not see a similar question (either that or my search terminology was incorrect - if so, feel free to close). I am an avid user of SO, and I notice that there are lots of references to the C++ standard in discussions and answers - and I have to admit, I have never read this particular document, the language makes my eyes hurt... So, the question is, can a C++ developer really code for a living without ever having read this document? Is it really important for us mere mortals who are not in the business of writing compilers?

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  • kernel mem parameter

    - by Ashfame
    As a last resort to my question, I am yet to try the mem parameter of kernel to force it to use the specified amount of RAM. Short Summary - I can only see 3.2GB RAM on a 64bit OS and am not sure ifs a hardware limitation, so wants to try as I found a post on Ubuntuforums. My question is if its ok to play with my resident Ubuntu install or should I be using a live bootable usb? What values do I try (I have 6GB with only 3.2GB being usable) and how to keep it safe? I don't want to burn any of my hardware component at this point of time or make the system unbootable. Running Ubuntu 11.10 with kernel 3.0.0-13-generic

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  • Cannot authenticate without a password

    - by user70267
    This question has been asked hundreds of times before, but I did not see any relevant answer so I will repost. Sorry if there is any helpful answer, please don't vote down but please link to the question(s) with such answers. The problem can be reproduced as follows: When I remove the password of an administrator account, "Log In without Password", I cannot use that account to authenticate. When I do something that requires authentication, I cannot use an admin without a password to authenticate. If I leave the password box blank without a password while choosing a non-password admin, authentication fails (in terminal or in GUI). How to fix this problem?

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  • How to run Java application in KDE with Qt-like UI?

    - by squallbayu
    Continuing my question in Install Ubuntu or Kubuntu? I have tried Kubuntu (KDE), and it was very cool as cool as Ubuntu (GNOME). but there is little problem with its user interface when we start Java application (LimeWire, Netbeans, Eclipse). User interface changed to Metal, (which I think is a bit old school). Can we run it with Qt like UI?, such as when we start Java application in Gnome (run with GTK like UI/emulation GTK like UI)? I hear there is a class for Java in order to make Java application UI like Qt, called the Qt/Jambi bindings for Java. How can we integrate it in KDE when we start Java application? My other question is if not wrong, OpenOffice was built in Java,so why OpenOffice can run with Qt like UI in KDE?

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  • LL(8) and left-recursion

    - by Peregring-lk
    I want to understand the relation between LL/LR grammars and the left-recursion problem (for any question I know parcially the answer, but I ask them as I don't know nothing, because I am a little confused now, and prefer complete answers) I'm happy with sintetized or short and direct answers (or just links solving it unambiguously): What type of language isn't LL(8) languages? LL(K) and LL(8) have problems with left-recursion? Or only LL(k) parsers? LALR(1) parser have troubles with left or right recursion? What type of troubles? Only in terms of the LL/LALR comparision. What is better, Bison (LALR(1)) or Boost.Spirit (LL(8))? (Let's suppose other features of them are irrelevant in this question) Why GCC use a (hand-made) LL(8) parser? Only for the "handling-error" problem?

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  • Debugging OpenOffice crashes

    - by JD Long
    This is partly an OpenOffice question and partly a Ubuntu question. I'm running OpenOffice 3.2.0 and Ubuntu 10.04. I get frequent crashes of OO, especially the Calc app, although I get crashes in the word processor as well. They are very abrupt and accompanies by no warning or error message. I'm just typing away and then the app is gone. Sometimes I even end up thinking I'm typing in OO and discover that OO has crashed and I'm typing in whatever application was under OO. However, I can't reproduce these crashes on demand. They seem random. I can open the same file and do the same exact thing but it does not crash. In Ubuntu how do I trace, track, or diagnose these types of crashes? Is there software I can invoke to help diagnose? Can I start OO from a command prompt with debugging of some sort enabled? Note: if someone could add the tag OpenOffice, I would appreciate it

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  • In what order do people build websites?

    - by Corey
    For a website, you need to have an idea, you need to have a design and you need to have data, events and output, right? Whether it be a blog, web app, Q&A site, search engine... Anyway, that is only slightly related to my question. My question is, when designing a website, providing I know the purpose, what should I start with? Should I start with the CSS, design and look&feel using dummy data first, or should I program in the logic, events and output, and style it later? What is the design process of most websites that are built from the ground up?

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  • Catching typos or other errors in web-based scripting languages

    - by foreyez
    Hi, My background is mainly strongly typed languages (java, c++, c#). Having recently gotten back to a bit of javascript, I found it a bit annoying that if I misspell something by accident (for example I'll type 'myvar' instead of 'myVar') my entire script crashes. The browser itself most of the time doesn't even tell me I have an error, my program will just be blank, etc. Then I have to hunt down my code line by line and find the error which is very time consuming. In the languages I am used to the compiler lets me know if I made a typo. My question to you is, how do you overcome this issue in scripting (javascript)? Can you give me some tips? (this question is mainly aimed at people that have also come from a strongly typed language). Note: I mainly use the terminal/VIM ... this is mainly b/c I like terminal and I SSH alot too

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  • Colour scheme for editor - guidelines or medical reccomendations

    - by Kevin D
    Is anyone aware of any studies on what colour scheme is best for use in multi-coloured text based computer work? Specifically in terms of reducing eye strain. For instance is a black back ground and light text best? Should it be a dark colour rather than going all the way to black? I've seen the questions on this site about "which is your favourite" that is not what I am after. I also aware that my question may be to specific asking for a colour scheme, if anyone could link me to some guidelines instead that would be appreciated as well. I'm concious of the fact that anyone using a computer is really using it for text based work but with the multitude of colours used to convey information within our modern IDEs I feel this is a good StackExchange site for this question.

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  • Randomization of biomes

    - by user24527
    You know how in Minecraft, the World is ever-expanding and all the biomes are randomized? My generalized question is: In relation to a space simulation that is also ever-expanding as the player moves about the world, how would one go about programming this randomization in Java? My real question is: Could I get a simplified example broken down into these example classes: astroids (This would include how many astroids there are, their positioning in space, their size, how often the larger astroids occur, how close they are to each other, the limitations of how many of the large asteroids can be in one field, how often astroid fields are generated, etc.) star-types (size, color, type, how often they occur, where hey occur, etc.) inhabitable-planets (size, positioning, how often they're generated, where they are generated, etc.) This would be very helpful currently since I wish to make a simplified version of such a program.

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  • Scuttlebutt Reconciliation from "Efficient Reconciliation and Flow Control for Anti-Entropy Protocols"

    - by Maus
    This question might be more suited to math.stackexchange.com, but here goes: Their Version Reconciliation takes two parts-- first the exchange of digests, and then an exchange of updates. I'll first paraphrase the paper's description of each step. To exchange digests, two peers send one another a set of pairs-- (peer, max_version) for each peer in the network, and then each one responds with a set of deltas. The deltas look like: (peer, key, value, version), for all tuples for which peer's state maps the key to the given value and version, and the version number is greater than the maximum version number peer has seen. This seems to require that each node remember the state of each other node, and the highest version number and ID each node has seen. Question Why must we iterate through all peers to exchange information between p and q?

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  • 2D Physics in a networked game (iOS)?

    - by Pedro
    I am researching the possibilities for a new iOS game. It's going to be a run-n-gun type platformer, and I'm looking into the possibility of co-op multiplayer. The game itself wouldn't be very physics intensive, there will most likely be 20-30 physics bodies at any given time. For the multiplayer, I think I would have one player "hosting" and up to 3 other connecting via the Internet. Here's my first question, are there any 2D physics engines that work over a network(preferably open source)? My second question, Does anyone have any thoughts on using a non-networked engine (like Box2D or Chipmunk) and adding the networking component? Since there would not be very much information sent, do you think it would cause a lot of lag?

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  • Whats the best way of learning how to Develop Java Games

    - by Shaun
    As the Title says, the question is Whats the best way of learning how to Develop Java Games? Indeed there's over thousands of tutorials explaining and teaching you the basic's of Java and how It works but they are usually and majority of the tutorial's teaching you Java basic's are boring and don't push you as you could do. Basically, is there any tutorials out there that push you so and give you problems you have to solve and push your knowledge so you get a much better understanding of creating java games. This seems a ideal question for new people learning Java and hopefully should help newbie's learning Java. (Sorry if this sounds noobish).

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  • Keyboard shorcut for a custom folder in Desktop

    - by palerdot
    I would like to configure a keyboard shortcut for a particular folder in my Desktop. I will be using this folder quite often and is there a way to open them with a custom keyboard shortcut ? The remote thing I came across regarding this is this question which is for opening home folder similar to Windows, but I do not want to go to home folder and navigate from there all the way to a folder in the Desktop (mouse clicking the desktop folder is way too easier than this method). So my Question: Can I have custom keyboard shortcuts for custom folders like folders in Desktop ? I'm using 12.04.

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  • How does a collison engine work?

    - by JXPheonix
    Original question: Click me How exactly does a collision engine work? This is an extremely broad question. What code keeps things bouncing against each other, what code makes the player walk into a wall instead of walk through the wall? How does the code constantly refresh the players position and objects position to keep gravity and collision working as it should? If you don't know what a collision engine is, basically it's generally used in platformer games to make the player acutally hit walls and the like. There's the 2d type and the 3d type, but they all accomplish the same thing: collision. So, what keeps a collision engine ticking?

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  • Hibernation is still missing from menu in 13.10 after enabling via polkit. How to enable?

    - by LiveWireBT
    I know that since 12.04, we need to add a policykit rule to enable hibernation (see question How to enable hibernation? and the Official Documentation). I can successfully bring my laptop into hibernation mode with sudo pm-hibernate or sudo s2disk, so the rule is in place and works, but the hibernation entry is still missing in the menu. I can tell from looking through the source of the indicator-session package (but not understanding the whole code) that there is still a hibernation menu entry in the code and it should be displayed when the system is capable of hibernating. Please calm down if you're enraged by this. This is very unlikely to be a conspiracy, but rather a bug/regression on a deeper level, which can happen when you move code around or replace it. Question: What needs to be done in 13.10 to properly tell indicator-session that the system can hibernate? Possible duplicate: Hibernation still not available - No activity, because saucy was in development at that time, so out of scope for AskUbuntu. Related bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/indicator-session/+bug/1232814

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  • What is the most complicated data structure you have used in a practical situation?

    - by Fanatic23
    The germ for this question came up from a discussion I was having with couple of fellow developers from the industry. Turns out that in a lot of places project managers are wary about complex data structures, and generally insist on whatever exists out-of-the-box from standard library/packages. The general idea seems to be like use a combination of whats already available unless performance is seriously impeded. This helps keeping the code base simple, which to the non-diplomatic would mean "we have high attrition, and newer ones we hire may not be that good". So no bloom filter or skip-lists or splay trees for you CS junkies. So here's the question (again): Whats the most complicated data structure you did or used in office? Helps get a sense of how good/sophisticated real world software are.

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