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• How to collect figures of traffic used per-host, broken up by time and destination?

  - by Seishun

  We have a relatively small network, all PSs in one subnet. One PC with two NICs and pfSense installed works as a firewall/router. There is an OpenVPN tunnel to a remote location, created as a site-to-site connection to another pfSense box there. I have an assignment to capture, store and show (via a web interface) information on traffic generated (both incoming and outcoming) by each host on our subnet and present it in several views: megabytes per calendar hours / days / months / years (that is, not just "one month back", but "in Dec 2010" and so on); megabytes per destination: VPN to remote location / other destinations / Google Apps servers. I tried the software packages in pfSense that offer traffic montoring - but it seems they don't store the information fixed by months, instead showing the amounts of traffic generated in periods (days/months/etc) calculated from the present moment. I'm also interested in understanding what would be the best way for me to break up traffic by hosts and destinations. I'm open to all suggestions, even if they mean that I will have to understand something new to me.

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• SQL Server database constantly restarting

  - by Michael Itzoe

  We have SQL Server 2008 Express installed on a Windows 2003 server. Looking at the event log, one of the databases appears to be restarting anywhere from every couple seconds to every 15 to 30 minutes. This server hosts about half a dozen databases; the problem is with only one. This database is also the onle one comprised of multiple schemas (not just dbo). There are thousands of events going back several months. There doesn't seem to be any affect on the website using the database, nor does any data appear to be corrupted or compromised. I'm not a DBA, so I don't even know where to look for causes to this. Any suggestions?

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• Computer connects to lan, but not the internet

  - by Jay

  I have a computer with Vista Home that can connect to the router, but it cannot get on the internet. I cannot ping google.com, the request times out. I've tried this on two separate networks and have no trouble with other computers connecting. I've renewed ipconfig, reset winsock, updated the wireless adapter, and the hosts file looks fine. I've tried disabling the firewall as well as a direct wired connection. I did a scan with Norton and it didn't find anything. Is there anything else I can try before resorting to a system restore? Update (Copied from Answer) Windows Update was able to find updates and install them (though, they could have already been downloaded previously). When I pinged Google by using their IP 66.102.9.103, it said it lost 25 percent of the packets. I successfully flushed the DNS but it didn't help. Also, I found safe mode with networking works fine.

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• What is the network address (x.x.x.0) used for?

  - by Shtééf

  It appears to be common practice to not use the first address in a subnet, that is the IP 192.168.0.0/24, or a more exotic example would be 172.20.20.64/29. The ipcalc tool I frequently use follows the same practice: $ ipcalc -n -b 172.20.20.64/29 Address: 172.20.20.64 Netmask: 255.255.255.248 = 29 Wildcard: 0.0.0.7 => Network: 172.20.20.64/29 HostMin: 172.20.20.65 HostMax: 172.20.20.70 Broadcast: 172.20.20.71 Hosts/Net: 6 Class B, Private Internet But why is that HostMin is not simply 64 in this case? The 64 address is a valid address, right? And whatever the answer, does the same apply to IPv6? Perhaps slightly related: it also appears possible to use a TCP port 0 and an UDP port 0. Are these valid or used anywhere?

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• IIS doesn't respond to 127.0.0.1 (external IP works fine)

  - by Jordan

  I have an AWS web server - call it box.company.com. It's running IIS and if I visit http://box.company.com in a web browser (from any machine, including box.company.com), it responds correctly with our site. However, if I visit localhost/ or 127.0.0.1/ when I'm logged into box.company.com, I get a "couldn't connect to host" message. The hosts file has only one entry - the standard "127.0.0.1 localhost" line. Pinging 127.0.0.1 works fine. Pinging localhost correctly resolves to 127.0.0.1 and works fine. I've tried restarting IIS and restarting the DNS Cache. I had this problem once before, and restarting the server fixed it, but I'd like to know what's going on in case this happens again in the future.

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• How to create a WHM/cPanel account, without creating a new sub-domain?

  - by Cyclops

  I have a basic VPS (full root access), with WHM/cPanel, and am learning the ropes. I'm trying to create a new account for an existing domain (mysite.com), and so far WHM won't let me - it either wants a sub-domain or fake domain, but won't allow two accounts for one domain. In the beginning, there was only the root account, and it wouldn't let me login to cPanel - a quick chat with tech support, and I am informed that I need to create a second account, which I did. So now I have an account, call it ns1me, for domain mysite.com. Now I want to create a django account. I go through the same process, but WHM won't allow me to use mysite.com as the domain for django. The docs recommend a sub-domain, so I fill the box in with django.mysite.com. I then realize that has actually created a sub-domain - going to django.mysite.com shows me its home directory, along with helpful information about what version of Apache, Python, and other mods its running (thanks, Apache). I really don't want a sub-domain, so that's out. Another chat with tech support, and they recommend a fake domain name, as it won't create anything. Sure enough, using a domain of djangomysite.com works, and WHM allows me to create a django account. But of course, I can't send email to [email protected] (where I could to [email protected]). What I want, is to be able to create a second account, associated with mysite.com (so I can run cPanel logged in as django, send email to [email protected], etc) - without creating a whole new sub-domain, or fake domain.

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• Grepping through the results of apachectl -S

  - by CamelBlues

  I have a server with about 300 virtual hosts. When I want to make sure a specific httpd.conf file is loaded into the Virual Host config and the syntax is correct, I run apachectl -S. The problem is, though, I get a ton of output. I've tried apacectl -S | grep 'foo' and apachectl -S > foo.txt to try and make this data a little bit more manageable, but the output of the command is not conducive to grepping or shoving into a text file. When I try apachectl -S | grep 'foo', it simply returns the entire output of apachectl -S. When I try apachectl -S > foo.txt, foo.txt is an empty file. This may have something to do with how the server is configured, because I am able to successfully grep on my local machine. Any suggestions?

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• Postfix appears to ignore domain's MX records

  - by DisgruntledGoat

  On my dedicated server, I have Postfix installed for sending email through the websites. One of my clients hosts their email with a third party so we have MX records set up on the domain. However, when sending any Postfix emails from the server, they do not get the emails. I think since the domain is pointing at the server itself, it tries to send mail to itself, but there is nothing on the server to handle the email for that domain. (There are mail accounts for other domain which are working fine.) How do I get Postfix to use the domain's MX records to send email? Server is Ubuntu 8.10 with standard LAMP stack. I have Webmin installed, and a control panel called "Matrix" provided by the host.

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• Sync Linux to Windows 2003/2008 Natively

  - by user26753

  Without using any external packages for Windows, can Linux synchronise it's clock to a Windows 03/08 Server natively? I've tried it using various NTP packages for Windows but would like to use just Windows software for this. EDIT: I've tried the below however it doesn't work. I've put TimeSource in /etc/hosts, stated server TimeSource in /etc/ntp.conf however when I do a service ntpd start it doesn't sync (it's 3 minutes out at the minute). I then stopped the NTPD and did a ntpdate TimeSource, thinking it would sync and then I'd start the NTPD once it's got the time, and it says: no server suitable for synchronization found. Though I can ping it. Any thoughts?

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• Access server by hostname without domain

  - by projectshave

  I want to access services on other machines on my home network with just their hostname. In every browser, "http://machine" fails, but adding a period in "http://machine./" works. Is there a way to avoid adding that extra period? My setup is a router with DD-WRT w/ DNSmasq turned on, Win7 machines and several Ubuntu VMs. nslookup works fine with just hostname. Remote desktop works, but TightVNC needs the extra period. ssh needs the period. As I said, all my browsers need the extra period. I'd prefer a solution that doesn't require manually maintaining the hosts file. Thanks.

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• Remove folder structure from archive, ignore folder while archiving and fix error

  - by Michael

  I am trying to make a script to backup each of my plesk hosts to individual files, I am having two problems: I would like to remove the folder structure from archive, the tar is 3 folders deep I am getting this error: tar: Removing leading `/' from member names I need my archive to ignore folders named "catch" because I don't need them in my archive. The code: FILES=/var/www/vhosts/* FNAME="" for f in $FILES do FNAME=`basename $f` tar cfv "/root/backup/ftp/$FNAME.tar" $f done Sample output: tar: Removing leading `/' from member names /var/www/vhosts/mydomain.com/ /var/www/vhosts/mydomain.com/conf /var/www/vhosts/mydomain.com/etc/ /var/www/vhosts/mydomain.com/etc/group /var/www/vhosts/mydomain.com/etc/termcap /var/www/vhosts/mydomain.com/etc/passwd /var/www/vhosts/mydomain.com/usr/

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• vSwitch configuration with 12 uplinks

  - by Joshua

  I have been doing a lot of research on vSwitch configurations, but I think I am more confused now after all of the reading that I have done. So here is my situation 3 ESX Hosts (12 nics each), 1 iSCSI SAN, 2 Force 10 switches. Should I create individual vSwitches for MGMT, vMotion, VM, and SCSI traffic? or do I need to group anything together in the same vSwitch? I am going to have 4 vLANS total, one for each of those items, do I need to do any trunking on the physical switch or just assign the correct vLAN to each physical switch port?

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• Configuring iptables rules for HAProxy and others

  - by MLister

  I have the following relevant settings for HAProxy: defaults log global mode http option httplog option dontlognull retries 3 option redispatch maxconn 500 contimeout 5s clitimeout 15s srvtimeout 15s frontend public bind *:80 option http-server-close option http-pretend-keepalive option forwardfor # ACLs ... I have three backends (including a Nginx server) configured in HAProxy, all listening on different ports of 127.0.0.1. And my iptables config is this: *filter # Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accepts all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allows all outbound traffic # You can modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites) -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allows SSH connections # # THE -dport NUMBER IS THE SAME ONE YOU SET UP IN THE SSHD_CONFIG FILE # -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # log iptables denied calls -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT My questions are: Would the above iptables config work with the settings/options in my HAProxy config? I am also runnning a postgres and a redis server on the same machine, what settings do I need to adjust for these two to enable them work with iptables?

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• How to arrange 2 SSD with 2 SATA?

  - by alfish

  I like to have best io performance as well as good capaciyy and reliability out of a server that hosts a busy forum, which involves loads of static files download. I am wondering what is the best plan to format and use the disks given that the server has only 4 disk bays and I have 2 SSD and 2 SATA disks at hand. I am currently thinking about putting the disks in RAID 10 so that SSD contains /var/lib/mysql as well as most of the OS (Likely to be Debian) and SATA disk to contain /path/to/static/files. However I'd like to hear your expert opinion on this. Thanks

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• High system cpu load (%sys), system locks

  - by Mark

  For the last two weeks we are having intermittent severe spikes in system cpu usage (shown as %sys), which last for maybe half a minute, locking most processes, including ssh. I've been trying to figure this out, but atop doesn't show anything relevant (system usage for processes it shows is insignificant), spikes are intermittent and I could not reproduce the spike using any workload for the web application this webserver hosts. If you have any ideas on how to debug high %sys and (sometimes) %si CPU usage, please share them. System specs (don't know if any of this is relevant): Dedicated server, CentOS 6, core i7 950, consistent 4 to 8 GB RAM free at any time, hard drives are in RAID-1. Additional info: dmesg output doesn't change between spikes /var/log/messages doesn't change between spikes Here is cat /proc/vmstat Here is output of mpstat 1 during a typical spike Add 07.11.11: looks like simple reboot restored system state, and we might never know what caused the disturbance in first place.

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• SMTP Server setting on Windows 2008 R2

  - by user223298

  I am very very new to this and just trying to configure SMTP virtual server. I have followed a few threads to get it all running, but the mails are not being delivered. What I have done so far - 1) Install SMTP server. 2) SMTP server Properties General Tab - IP address is set to 'All Unassigned'. Access Tab - Authentication is anonymous access. Everything else is left to Default settings. Delivery Tab - Outbound security is anonymous access. In Advance section, entered the domain name in the FQDN field, and localhost in Smart host field. 3) Created an Inbound Rule for SMTP service to allow connections to Port 25. When I try to telnet, everything works up until the point the mail has to be send. Now, the sender's domain is different to the receiver's domain. Not sure if settings have to be changed to allow that? I had set the Relay restrictions on SMTP server, but because I couldn't send the mails, I thought I might as well make it work without the relay first. The error I see while sending the mail is 451 Timeout waiting for client input. I used to get some other error before when I had Relay restrictions on. Can anyone please point me in the right direction? Please let me know if you need more information. Thanks.

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• Creating a Virtual Host with xampp

  - by Will

  i'm using xampp trying to set up a virtual host. Here's my httpd-vhosts.conf file: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "C:\Users\wbaizer\PhpstormProjects\Test" ServerName test1.localhost </VirtualHost> my hosts file has the following: 127.0.0.1 test1.localhost when I try to access test1.localhost in Chrome it gives me this message: "You don't have permission to access the requested directory. There is either no index document or the directory is read-protected." What am I doing wrong, what do I need to do, and how do I do that?

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• How do I stop my IIS App Pool making a request to wpad.mydomain.com?

  - by Programming Hero

  As part of some performance troubleshooting, I've monitored the slow startup of a "cold" App Pool (one without an active worker process) in IIS. When using a built-in account, the App Pool starts in sub-second time. When using a custom local account the App Pool takes 30+ seconds to start processing requests. The service appears to be making requests to wpad.mydomain.com, an address it does not have access to, which causes it to wait 30 seconds for a response before eventually timing out. As a workaround, I've added the hostname to the server's hosts file, to direct the traffic to the local machine, which returns much faster (1-2 seconds). What do I need to do to stop IIS making this request when this identity is used for the App Pool?

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• Directories Throwing 404 Errors - Virtual Host Configuration and mod_rewrite

  - by nicorellius

  On my production server, things are fine: PHP extension removal and trailing slash rules are in place in my .htaccess file. But locally, this isn't working (well, partially, anyway). I'm running Apache2 with a virtual host for the site in question. I decided to not use the .htaccess file in this case and just add the rules to the httpd-vhosts.conf file instead, which, I've heard, if possible on your server, is a better way to go. The virtual host is working and the URL I use for my site is like this: devserver:9090 Here is my httpd-vhosts.conf file: NameVirtualHost *:9090 # for stuff other than this site <VirtualHost *:9090> ServerAdmin admin@localhost DocumentRoot "/opt/lampstack/apache2/htdocs" ServerName localhost </VirtualHost> # for site in question <VirtualHost *:9090> ServerAdmin admin@localhost DocumentRoot "/opt/lampstack/apache2/htdocs/devserver" ServerName devserver <Directory "/opt/lampstack/apache2/htdocs/devserver"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <IfModule rewrite_module> RewriteEngine ON # remove PHP extension and add trailing slash # note - this doesn't work for directories, and throws 404 # TODO - fix so directories use index.php RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^GET\ /[^?\s]+\.php RewriteRule (.*)\.php$ /$1/ [R=302,L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule (.*)/$ /$1.php [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.php -f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule .*[^/]$ /$0/ [R=302,L] </IfModule> # error docs ErrorDocument 404 /errors/404.php </VirtualHost> The problem I'm facing is that when I go to directories on the site, I get a 404 error. So for example, this: devserver:9090/page.php goes to devserver:9090/page/ but going to a directory (that has an index.php): devserver:9090/dir/ throws 404 error page. If I type in devserver:9090/dir/index.php I get devserver:9090/dir/index/ and the contents I want appear... Can anyone help me with my rewrite rules?

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• How to prefer ipv6 over ipv4 only for specific websites?

  - by kria

  I only have ipv6 connectivity via a HE tunnel on my router, so normally I want to prefer ipv4 over ipv6. For some websites however, I would like to prefer ipv6. Right now I have just set DisabledComponents to 0x20 and hard coded the ipv6 resolution into my hosts file for the sites i want to access over ipv6. Since these ip addresses change at times, this is not a good solution. Any ideas on how to handle this in a non-clunky way? Some kind of Chrome/Firefox add-on might do the trick, but I couldn't find one for this purpose.

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• How many iptables block rules is too many

  - by mhost

  We have a server with a Quad-Core AMD Opteron Processor 2378. It acts as our firewall for several servers. I've been asked to block all IPs from China. In a separate network, we have some small VPS machines (256MB and 512MB). I've been asked to block china on those VPS's as well. I've looked online and found lists which requires 4500 block rules. My question is will putting in all 4500 rules be a problem? I know iptables can handle far more rules than that, what I am concerned about is since these are blocks that I don't want to have access to any port, I need to put these rules before any allow. This means all legitimate traffic needs to be compared to all those rules before getting through. Will the traffic be noticeably slower after implementing this? Will those small VPS's be able to handle processing that many rules for every new packet (I'll put an established allow before the blocks)? My question is not How many rules can iptables support?, its about the effect that these rules will have on load and speed. Thanks.

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• IPTABLES syntax help to forward Remote Desktop requests to a VM [CentOS host]

  - by NVRAM

  I've a VM running MSWindows XP hosted on my CentOS 5.4 machine. I can rdesktop into it from the hosting machine and work just fine using the private ddress (192.168.122.65), but I now need to allow Remote Desktop access from other computers (not just the machine hosting the VM). [Edit] I only need to allow access for a day or so, so don't want to add a NIC (for XP activation reasons). Could someone help me with the iptables syntax? The VM is on a private/virtual network: 192.168.122.65 and my CentOS machine is on a physical network, at 10.1.3.38 (and 192.168.122.1 as the GW for the virtual net). I found this question, but none of the answers seemed to work and I'm a bit timid at blindly trying variations. My FORWARD rules are as listed. Thanks in advance. # iptables -L FORWARD Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 192.168.122.0/24 anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- anywhere anywhere [Edit] If I do play "blindly" is there a simple way to reset the settings on CentOS (a la service network restart)?

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• problem with accessing a php page

  - by EquinoX

  So I have a info.php page which is located on the folder /var/www/nginx-default, however when I go to my ip address/info.php, it always redirects me to this site: http://www.iana.org/domains/example/ is this because I have a virtual host that I called example? Here is my config for the example website: server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com; rewrite ^/(.*) http://example.com/$1 permanent; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; access_log /var/www/example.com/logs/access.log; error_log /var/www/example.com/logs/error.log; location / { root /var/www/example.com/public/; index index.html; } } The way I access this site is by changing my /var/hosts in my macbook so that example.com is mapped to my server IP address... however now when I do xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/info.php.. it redirects me to that site I posted above

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• LAN full of public ipv4 addresses - How to filter it?

  - by sparc86

  The answer to my question maybe is not that hard but anyways, I do not know what to do. So, I just got in a new job in a Univerisity and I found out that the network (the LAN) is full of public IP addresses. Seriously, the whole LAN (probably more than 150 hosts) has it' own internet IP address and I don't know how to manage it. I have a very good experience using iptables (Linux firewall) in a NAT'ed environment. But then how should I proceed in an environment where all my LAN is working with a bunch of public IP addresses? Should I just use the "forward" rules and ignore the NAT rules or is there any other issue in such environment which I should take care? Can I add a firewall between the router and the LAN in order to produce packet filtering for these public IP addresses in my LAN or will this just not work? Thanks!

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• Run a script as root from apache

  - by Lord Loh.

  I would like to update my hosts file and restart dnsmasq from a web interface (php/apache2). I tried playing around with suid bits (the demonstaration). I have both apache and dnsmasq running on an EC2 instance. I understand that Linux ignores the setuid bit on text scripts, but works on binary files. (Have I got something wrong?). I added exec("whoami"); to the example C program in Wikipedia. Although the effective UID of the C program is 0, whoami does not return root :-( I would thoroughly like to avoid echo password | sudo service dnsmasq restart or adding apache to the sudoers without password! Is there a way out? How does webmin do such things?

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