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• Windows 8 not booting from DVD while trying to install in a Ubuntu 14.04 system

  - by Tom

  Currently my system runs on Ubuntu 14.04. Yesterday, I deleted and formatted the partition(C drive) as NTFS in which Windows 7 was installed because Windows 7 was not booting for more than a week. I have a Windows 8 disk and it was able to boot from that disk when there was Windows 7 on my system. After the formatting of C drive yesterday, I tried to install Windows 8 by booting from the disk. Unfortunately, this time no booting happened from the disk. So I pressed F2 during the system start up and checked Boot Device Priority, Optical Drive has the first priority there. So why Windows 8 didn't boot from the disk ? I need to install Windows 8 too in my system without doing any damage to Ubuntu 14.04. How can I do it ?

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• When using RAID10 + BBWC why is it better to separate PostgreSQL data files from OS and transaction logs than to keep them all on the same array?

  - by Vlad

  I've seen the advice everywhere (including here and here): keep your OS partition, DB data files and DB transaction logs on separate discs/arrays. The general recommendation is to use RAID1 for OS, RAID10 for data (or RAID5 if load is very read-biased) and RAID1 for transaction logs. However, considering that you will need at least 6 or 8 drives to build this setup, wouldn't a RAID10 over 6-8 drives with BBWC perform better? What if the drives are SSDs? I'm talking here about internal server drives, not SAN.

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• RHEL raw device (over VMware RDM) performance issues

  - by jifa

  I'm running RHEL 5.3 over vSphere 4.0U1. I configured multiple LUNs on my NetApp (Fibre) storage, and added the RDM on two (Linux) VMs, using the Paravirtual SCSI adapter. One LUN is 100GB in size, successfully mapped to /dev/sdb on both VMs, 5 more are 500MB in size (mapped to /dev/sd{c-g}. I also created one partition per device. I have encountered two issues: First, writing directly to /dev/sdb1 gives me ~50MB/s, while any of the /dev/sd{c-g}1 gives me ~9MB/s. There is no difference in configuration of the LUNs apart from their size. I am wondering what causes this but this is not my main problem, as I would settle for 9 MB/s. I created raw devices using udev pretty straightforwardly: ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N" per device Writing to any of the new raw devices dramatically slows down performance to just over 900KB/s. Can anyone point me in a helpful direction? Thanks in advance, -- jifa

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• Setting per-directory umask using ACLs

  - by Yarin

  We want to mimic the behavior of a system-wide 002 umask on a certain directory foo, in order to ensure the following result: All sub-directories created underneath foo will have 775 permissions All files created underneath foo and subdirectories will have 664 permissions 1 and 2 will happen for files/dirs created by all users, including root, and all daemons. Assuming that ACL is enabled on our partition, this is the command we've come up with: setfacl -R -d -m mask:002 foo This seems to be working- I'm basically just looking for confirmation. Is this the most effective way to apply a per-directory umask with an ACL?

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• Ubuntu: One or more of the mounts listed in fstab cannot ye be mounted

  - by Phuong Nguyen

  I was enjoying a Movie when my Ubuntu suddenly hung. At the next reboot, here is the message: One or more of the mounts listed in /etc/fstab cannot yet be mounted: /home: waiting for /dev/disk/by-uuid/.... Press ESC to enter a recovery shell. Problems: When I enter recovery shell, I don't know that to do. If I press Ctrl+D, then the message above will reappear. What should I do? I checked with Ubuntu Live CD and my partition looks OK.

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• "could not find suitable fingerprints matched to available hardware" error

  - by Alex

  I have a thinkpad t61 with a UPEK fingerprint reader. I'm running ubuntu 9.10, with fprint installed. Everything works fine (I am able to swipe my fingerprint to authenticate any permission dialogues or "sudo" prompts successfully) except for actually logging onto my laptop when I boot up or end my session. I receive an error below the gnome login that says "Could not locate any suitable fingerprints matched to available hardware." What is causing this? here are the contents of /etc/pam.d/common-auth file # # /etc/pam.d/common-auth - authentication settings common to all services # # This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files, # and should contain a list of the authentication modules that define # the central authentication scheme for use on the system # (e.g., /etc/shadow, LDAP, Kerberos, etc.). The default is to use the # traditional Unix authentication mechanisms. # # As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default. # To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any # local modules either before or after the default block, and use # pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules. See # pam-auth-update(8) for details. # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) auth sufficient pam_fprint.so auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure # here's the fallback if no module succeeds auth requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around auth required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) auth optional pam_ecryptfs.so unwrap # end of pam-auth-update config #auth sufficient pam_fprint.so #auth required pam_unix.so nullok_secure

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• Macbook Pro 2.2ghz 2011 (OSX 10.6.7) problem with NTFS 3G

  - by James

  I installed NTFS 3G but now get the following error message when I try to plug in my external drive. I also get it on startup about my Windows partition. Uninstall/ reinstall does not work. NTFS-3G could not mount /dev/disk1s1at /volumes/freeagent GoFlex Drive because the following error occured: /library/filesystems/fuse.fs/support/fusefs.kext failed to load- (libkern/kext) link error; check the system/ kernel logs for errors or try kextutil(8). The MacFUSE file system is not available (71) Any help would be great. I'd hope to avoid reinstalling OS X if possible!

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• Apache + Tomcat: Which one should handle SSL? IP-based proxy forwarding?

  - by delirial

  We currently have a Tomcat application running with SSL on port 443. Right now we have an apache server that accepts http requests on port 80 and redirects to the Tomcat instance: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName domain.com ServerAlias domain.com <LocationMatch "/"> Redirect permanent / https://domain.com/ </LocationMatch> </VirtualHost> Tomcat is handling SSL, because there's no proxy, just a simple redirect to the SSL port: <Connector port="443" maxThreads="200" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true" keystoreFile="/app/ssl/domain_com.jks" keystorePass="ourpassword" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"/> We want to begin using the apache web server as a proxy and additionally, do per-IP redirects to certain apps that should only be used by hosts on a pre-determined IP range. We would also like to redirect IPs that don't match the pre-determined list to a static html page hosted on the apache server. My first question is: Should I continue to handle SSL on Tomcat's end, or should I use apache with SSL while forwarding to an "unprotected" tomcat port? Is there any way to redirect to different apps (and potentially hosts) depending on the incoming IP? thanks, del

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• How to tell nginx to honor backend's cache?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I'm using php-fpm with nginx as http server (I don't know much about reverse proxies, I just installed it and didn't touch anything), without Apache nor Varnish. I need nginx to understand and honor the http headers I send. I tried with this config (taken from the docs) but didn't work: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf: fastcgi_cache_path /var/lib/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=website:10m inactive=10m; fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri"; /etc/nginx/sites-available/website: server { fastcgi_cache website; #fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; #fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; #fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m; #fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1; #fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_503; add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status; } I always get "MISS" and the cache dir is empty. If I uncomment the other directives, I get hit, but I don't want those "dumb" settings, I need to control them within my backend. For example, if my backend says "public, s-maxage=10", the cache should be considered stale after 10 secs. Instead, nginx will store it for 1h, because of these directives. I was thinking whether I should try proxy_cache, not sure what's the difference. In both fastcgi and proxy modules docs it says this: The cache honors backend's Cache-Control, Expires, and etc. since version 0.7.48, Cache-Control: private and no-store only since 0.7.66, though. Vary handling is not implemented. nginx version: nginx/1.1.19 Any thoughts? pd: I also have the reverse proxy that is offered by Symfony2 (which I turn off to use nginx's). The headers are interpreted correctly by it, so I think I'm doing it right.

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• How to resize an encrypted LVM in RAID 1 in Linux?

  - by user28712

  Hi, I am running 3 partitions in RAID 1. Partition : Mountpoint : Filesystem : Encrypted : LVM ------------------------------------------------------ 1 : /boot : ext2 : No : No 2 : / : ext3 : Yes : No 3 : /home : xfs : Yes : Yes It now happens that I have given the root of the system too few gigs; i would like to shrink the LVM (3) and give the root(2) more space. How can I do this safely without messing up the system? In what order do I have to resize the raid partitions, encryption, lvm, file systems? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Adriaan

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• Windows 7 Public Documents Folder - how to move it to drive d:

  - by Bazza Formez

  Hi, I've just bought a new pc, and it is running Windows 7. I'm wanting to set up all of the documents folders such that they point to folders on a second drive partition (ie. disk D:) so that I have a nice separation of os from docs. I have managed to do this for each user on the machine (by opening up properties for documents folder and changing location). Hwoever, this procedure doesn't seem to work for the public documents folder. I cannot change the location for that one (even though I have administrator privileges). It is greyed out and cannot be changed. Any ideas ? Thanks!!

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• Deleting Time Machine in Mac OS X 10.6.4

  - by cappuccino

  Does anyone know how to delete Time Machine in Mac OS X 10.6.4? Before answering: sudo rm -rf /whateverthetimemachineis does not work Disabling the ACL permissions first with sudo fsaclctl -p /whatever -d does not work, sudo: fsaclctl: command not found Use the delete all backup feature in Time Machine... this is slow as hell, would take days. Need a command line solution. No I don't want to reformat the drive, I have other content on it, and no don't say I should have separated on two partition or two drives, I did it this say since partitions cannot be dynamically changed, and two drives is annoying since, whats the point of having a big drive?... plus has no relation to the issue at hand. Already googlied for hours and read everything on Super User, nothing working. and all solutions are the first 4. Any clues?

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• Customer site is out of IP addresses, they want to go from /24 to /12 netmask... Bad idea?

  - by ewwhite

  One of my client sites called to ask me to change the subnet masks of the Linux servers I manage there while they re-IP/change the netmask of their network based on a 10.0.0.x scheme. "Can you change the server netmasks from 255.255.255.0 to 255.240.0.0?" You mean, 255.255.240.0? "No, 255.240.0.0." Are you sure you need that many IP addresses? "Yeah, we never want to run out of IP addresses." A quick check against the Subnet Cheat Sheet shows: a 255.255.255.0 netmask, a /24 provides 256 hosts. It's clear to see that an organization can exhaust that number of IP addresses. a 255.240.0.0 netmask, a /12 provides 1,048,576 hosts. This is a small < 200-user site. I doubt that they'd allocate more than 400 IP addresses. I suggested something that provides fewer hosts, like a /22 or /21 (1024 and 2048 hosts, respectively), but was unable to give a specific reason against using the /12 subnet. Is there anything this customer should be concerned about? Are there any specific reasons they shouldn't use such an incredibly large mask in their environment?

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• Backup / Disaster Recovery, should I store RAR-compressed files?

  - by moraleida

  I'm in the process of recovering files from an accidentally formated Ext4 partition using Photorec. It had about 300Gb of data, of which I've already got hold of about 30Gb. So far, it seems to me that the recovery of RAR-compressed files has been much more successful than the recovery of individual uncompressed files and ZIP compressed files - in the sense that a lot of recovered files/zips were unreadable, and pretty much all of the RAR files were intact. Is there such a relation? Are RAR-compressed files really less prone to corruption and thus easier to recover?

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• Truecrypt system partion partially encryted but then drive corrupted and won't boot - decrypting so I can access files to backup?

  - by Dr.Seuss

  So I was attempting to encrypt my (Windows 7) system drive with Truecrypt and it stopped at around 15% and said that there was a segment error and that it could not proceed until it was fixed. So, I restarted the computer and ran HDD Regenerator which subsequently fixed the bad sectors on the drive, but now my system cannot boot. So, I run a number of recovery disks to no avail (Windows repair is unable to fix) and the drive won't mount on a linux version run from a CD because the drive is encrypted. So I tried mounting the drive using Truecrypt under the Linux distribution on the disk and selected "Mount partition using system encryption without pre-boot authentication" so I can decrypt, but I get an error message about it only being possible once the entire system is encrypted. How do I get out of this mess? I need to be able to back up the data that's on that partially encrypted drive so I can reinstall my operating system.

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• How to automatically take daily HDD backup?

  - by user13107

  I think my HDD might have crashed. I don't want to lose data if this happens again. I have dual boot Windows/Ubuntu system. What is the best way to backup data and other software settings in Ubuntu? I don't care much about Windows partition, important stuff is in Ubuntu. I have 1 Tb external HDD (laptop HDD is of 500 gb total). One way would be to run rsync every day (or via cronjob) to backup everything to external HDD. What might be better ways of achieving this (backup)? Also are instant backup software recommended? Are there any disadvantages of instant backup as opposed to daily rsync?

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• Windows 7 Permissions

  - by Scott

  I have an odd problem with a windows 7 laptop. It's a single user installation currently. This is a fresh install on an Asus laptop. I have a svn repo checked out on my second partition. I have a directory which I have added to svn:ignore list, because it is for tmp files. This specific directory shows as read-only. I need write access on this directory for my project to function properly. If I right click and modify the directory to be not be read only and run this recursively, it simply is immediately reverted back to a read-only directory. I have also modified apache's service to run as myself to no avail. I'm stumped... Any ideas?

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• Linux RAID0 - relocating member disk

  - by qdot

  I've got an issue I would rather handle with the array online - I am using RAID0 for temporary video storage - data that is low-cost to restore, but that is used frequently. The software array looks like this: md1 : active raid0 sdb1[2] sdc1[3] sdd1[0] sde1[1] 1953487616 blocks 64k chunks I have another partition (sda1) in this system, that I want to use to replace sdc1 (The drives are of varying age, and sdc1 is definitely the slowest one, limiting the entire array's sequential read performance to only 300MB/s). Is there a way to migrate the data from sdc1 to sda1 while the array is still online?

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• Why does compressing and decompressing my SSD hard drive free up space?

  - by Paperflyer

  I bought an SSD (SandForce 2), created a tiny 25GB partition on it for Windows and installed Windows 7 64-bit. In order to free disk space, I enabled compression on the drive using the Properties entry in the context menu for the drive in Explorer. Prior to compressing I had around 5GB of free space. After compression I had 4GB, so compression was not working for me. I figured this might have happened because of the built-in data compression of the SSD. I decompressed the files again - after decompression, it left me with 7GB of free space! Better yet, after restarting, I had 10GB. What is happening here?

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• USB Format Error

  - by Dan Finan

  I'm having a real headache trying to reformat a USB drive. Initially it had a 200mb EFI partition and it caused the drive to disappear altogether. Since then I ran the CMD and wiped the disk using 'diskpart'. It took a few attempts but it finally cleaned the drive. Since then it has reappeared under (:E) however I am unable to access the drive and Windows is preventing me from reformatting it. I am just presented with 'Windows was unable to complete the format'. It's now acting like a CD drive instead of removable storage. I've tried going through Disk Management and I'm presented with the same error. I've removed the USB controllers from Device Manager - when the drive is connected again it re-installs the drivers and acts the same way. Any help given will be greatly appreciated, thank you. (Windows 7 machine)

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• Can't Read/Write the Hard disk used in NAS

  - by mgpyone

  I've lately purchased a Synology DS212j and I intended to use my two 3.5" HDs into it. One of them was in used as an external HD. Thus when I install these two unit in NAS, it asked me to formatted in order to used with its format (I think it's ext3?) . I installed the Disks and omit the formatting option. I just got another 3.5" Hard Disk now. I've installed it in the NAS. everything's fine. However, when I take out the (used) HD from the NAS and install back in the standalone casing, I found out that it can't be read from both OSX an Windows 7. I've tried with ext2sd and I only found 2GB portion of the whole 1.5 TB Hard Disk. Here's another reference from EASEUS Partition Master

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• Why sizes are different, and what do they mean?

  - by Ramy

  I have a 1 TB hard drive that consists of one NTFS partition which I use to back up my data (no operating system). The size of all the data in it is : 726 GB, size on disk: 728 GB, and the used space when I check the properties is: 731 GB. There's a 5 GB difference between the size and the used space. Why is that huge difference there? What's the difference between these sizes? (size, size on disk, and used space) Is there a way to calculate the difference, and be sure the HDD is not messing around? Is that normal?

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• Why can't I create a Windows backup on my secondary disk?

  - by Brian Sullivan

  I've installed Windows 7 Ultimate on an SSD that I've added to the XPS desktop that I bought from Dell. I would like to use the built-in backup functionality to create incremental backups and store them on the large drive that came with the machine. I formatted the large drive and turned it into a Basic disk. However, when I try to set the backup location to the large internal disk (E:\) in the "Set up backup" wizard, a get a message saying, "A system image cannot be saved on a drive that your computer boots from or that Windows is installed on." Windows is not installed on that disk. I even deleted the OEM partition that was on the disk, and removed it completely from the boot order in the BIOS. Any clue why Windows is griping at me about this?

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• Take Complete Image of CRM Server Application

  - by nicorellius

  I have heard of snapshots or ghost images like this. But I have never used this kind of tool to actually clone a piece of hard drive. I think Norton Partition Magic can do something like this as well, but haven't tried it. So my question is this: How can I duplicate a CRM server application exactly so that I can transfer it to another system? I have a CRM server running LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP) and I urgently need to transfer these data to another system without actually installing, configuring the dependencies and then doing the same for the software itself. Has anyone done this or does anyone know how to do this?

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• Minimal backup for Windows 7 system recovery

  - by JIm

  There might not be an answer to this, but for a home Win7 system, what files/directories must be backed up to recover after a windows crash? I can reinstall software, and I keep data files elsewhere. When I use acronis home backup software to backup my "critical" files it seems to choose the entire partition. Updates are mostly browser cache files and the like. Or, after a crash, should I just reinstall windows. I dread the hours of windows updates that would require. Thanks.

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