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  • Math/numerical formula every computer programmer should know

    - by aaa
    This is a follow-up question to What should every programmer know and Is mathematics necessary. So the question is, as a computer programmer, what is the most important/useful mathematical or numerical formula that you use? By Formula I mean anything that involves less obvious manipulations, whenever binomial coefficients or bit hacks. I work with multidimensional arrays and various matrix representations. So for me most commonly used formulas are: A(i,j,k,..) = a[i + j*Dim0 + k*Dim0*Dim1 + ... to map indexes to one dimension ( which is basic address calculation which many people do not seem to know). And triangular number T(i) = (i*i + i)/2 which is related to binomial coefficients, used to calculate address in triangular matrixes and many other things. What is your workhorse formula that you think programmer should know?

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  • How well do zippers perform in practice, and when should they be used?

    - by Rob
    I think that the zipper is a beautiful idea; it elegantly provides a way to walk a list or tree and make what appear to be local updates in a functional way. Asymptotically, the costs appear to be reasonable. But traversing the data structure requires memory allocation at each iteration, where a normal list or tree traversal is just pointer chasing. This seems expensive (please correct me if I am wrong). Are the costs prohibitive? And what under what circumstances would it be reasonable to use a zipper?

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  • BASH Script to Check if a number is Armstrong or Not

    - by atif089
    Hi, I was writing a script to check if a number is Armstrong or not. This is my Code echo "Enter Number" read num sum=0 item=$num while [ $item -ne 0 ] do rem='expr $item % 10' cube='expr $rem \* $rem \* $rem' sum='expr $sum + $cube' item='expr $item / 10' done if [ $sum -eq $num ] then echo "$num is an Amstrong Number" else echo "$num is not an Amstrong Number" fi After I run this script, $ ./arm.sh I always get this error ./arm.sh: line 5: [: too many arguments ./arm.sh: line 12: [: too many arguments I am on cygwin.

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  • How to File Transfer client to Server?

    - by Phsika
    i try to recieve a file from server but give me error on server.Start() ERROR : In a manner not permitted by the access permissions to access a socket was attempted to How can i solve it? private void btn_Recieve_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { TcpListener server = null; // Set the TcpListener on port 13000. Int32 port = 13000; IPAddress localAddr = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.201"); // TcpListener server = new TcpListener(port); server = new TcpListener(localAddr, port); // Start listening for client requests. server.Start(); // Buffer for reading data Byte[] bytes = new Byte[277577]; String data; data = null; // Perform a blocking call to accept requests. // You could also user server.AcceptSocket() here. TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient(); NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream(); int i; i = stream.Read(bytes, 0, 277577); BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(File.Open("GoodLuckToMe.jpg", FileMode.Create)); writer.Write(bytes); writer.Close(); client.Close(); }

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  • Tracking the user function that threw the exception

    - by makerofthings7
    I've been given a large application with only one try..catch at the outer most level. This application also throws exceptions all the time, and is poorly documented. Is there any pattern I can implement that will tell me what user method is being called, the exception being thrown, and also the count of exceptions? I'm thinking of using a dictionary with reflection to get the needed information, but I'm not sure if this will work. What do you think?

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  • How do programmers work together on a project?

    - by Laith J
    Hello, I've always programmed alone, I'm still a student so I never programmed with anyone else, I haven't even used a version control system before. I'm working on a project now that requires knowledge of how programmers work together on a piece of software in a company. How is the software compiled? Is it from the version control system? Is it by individual programmers? Is it periodic? Is it when someone decides to build or something? Are there any tests that are done to make sure it "works"? Anything will do. Thanks.

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  • Practices for Foreground/Background threads in .NET

    - by Andrei Taptunov
    I work with in-house legacy communication framework which exposes some high level abstractions. These abstractions are wrappers with some logic around .NET threads. When I looked at code I've noticed that some abstractions are wrappers around foreground threads while others are wrappers around background threads. The sad thing is that I don't see any logic why in some cases foreground threads are used and background in other cases. Are there any guidelines or patterns & practices when it's better to choose one over another on server side and client side (I believe there should be some difference)?

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  • Microsoft Solver Foundation constraint

    - by emaster70
    Hello, I'm trying to use Microsoft Solver Foundation 2 to solve a fairly complicated situation, however I'm stuck with an UnsupportedModelException even when I dumb down the model as much as possible. Does anyone have an idea of what I'm doing wrong? Following is the least example required to reproduce the problematic behavior. var ctx = SolverContext.GetContext(); var model = ctx.CreateModel(); var someConstant = 1337.0; var decisionA = new Decision(Domain.Real, "decisionA"); var decisionB = new Decision(Domain.Real, "decisionB"); var decisionC = new Decision(Domain.Real, "decisionC"); model.AddConstraint("ca", decisionA <= someConstant); model.AddConstraint("cb", decisionB <= someConstant); model.AddConstraint("cc", decisionC <= someConstant); model.AddConstraint("mainConstraint", Model.Equal(Model.Sum(decisionA, decisionB, decisionC), someConstant)) model.AddGoal("myComplicatedGoal", GoalKind.Minimize, decisionC); var solution = ctx.Solve(); solution.GetReport().WriteTo(Console.Out); Console.ReadKey(); Please consider that my actual model should include, once complete, a few constraints in the form of a*a+b*a <= someValue, so if what I'm willing to do ultimately isn't supported, please let me know in advance. If that's the case I'd also appreciate a suggestion of some other solver with a .NET friendly interface that I could use (only well-known commercial packages, please). Thanks in advance

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  • How to determine if an application is using the GPU

    - by Andrew
    I'm looking for a way to determine how to know whether an application is using the GPU with Objective-C. I want to be able to determine if any applications currently running on the system have work going on on the GPU (ie: a reason why the latest MacBook Pros would switch to the discrete graphics over the Intel HD graphics). I've tried getting the information by crossing the list of active windows with the list of windows that have their backing location stored in video memory using Quartz Window Services, but all that does is return the Dock application and I have other applications open that I know are using the GPU (Photoshop CS5, Interface Builder), that and the Dock doesn't require the 330m.

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  • Make a function which returns the original list except the argument

    - by Alex
    I want make a function which takes a list of string and a string and returns NONE if there is no string in the string list, otherwise it returns SOME of the list of string which is the same as the original list of string except it doesn't contain the initial string (pattern): fun my_function (pattern, source_list) = case source_list of [] => NONE | [x] => if pattern = x then SOME [] else NONE | x::xs => if pattern = x then SOME (xs) else SOME (x) :: my_function (pattern, xs) (* this is wrong, what to do here?*) val a = my_function ("haha", ["12", "aaa", "bbb", "haha", "ccc", "ddd"]) (* should be SOME ["12", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "ddd"]*) val a2 = my_function ("haha2", ["123", "aaa", "bbb", "haha", "ccc"]) (*should be NONE*) val a3 = my_function ("haha3", ["haha3"]) (* should be SOME []*) I'm confused by the 3rd case: x::xs => .... What should do there? Note that I'd like not to use any sml library function.

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  • [Perl] Testing for EAGAIN / EWOULDBLOCK on a recv

    - by Robert S. Barnes
    I'm testing a socket to see if it's still open: my $dummy = ''; my $ret = recv($sock, $dummy, 1, MSG_DONTWAIT | MSG_PEEK); if (!defined $ret || (length($dummy) == 0 && $! != EAGAIN && $! != EWOULDBLOCK )) { logerr("Broken pipe? ".__LINE__." $!"); } else { # socket still connected, reuse logerr(__LINE__.": $!"); return $sock; } I'm passing this code a socket I know for certain is open and it's always going through the first branch and logging "Broken pipe? 149 Resource temporarily unavailable". I don't understand how this is happening since "Resource temporarily unavailable" is supposed to correspond to EAGAIN as far as I know. I'm sure there must be something simple I'm missing. And yes, I know this is not a full proof way to test and I account for that.

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  • What is the right approach to checksumming UDP packets

    - by mr.b
    I'm building UDP server application in C#. I've come across a packet checksum problem. As you probably know, each packet should carry some simple way of telling receiver if packet data is intact. Now, UDP already has 2-byte checksum as part of header, which is optional, at least in IPv4 world. Alternative method is to have custom checksum as part of data section in each packet, and to verify it on receiver. My question boils down to: is it better to rely on (optional) checksum in UDP packet header, or to make a custom checksum implementation as part of packet data section? Perhaps the right answer depends on circumstances (as usual), so one circumstance here is that, even though code is written and developed in .NET on Windows, it might have to run under platform-independent Mono.NET, so eventual solution should be compatible with other platforms. I believe that custom checksum algorithm would be easily portable, but I'm not so sure about the first one. Any thoughts? Also, shouts about packet checksumming in general are welcome.

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  • Testing Async downloads with ASIHTTPRequest

    - by Baishampayan Ghose
    I am writing a simple library using ASIHTTPRequest where I am fetching URLs in an async manner. My problem is that the main function that I have written to test my lib exits before the async calls are finished. I am very new to Obj C and iPhone development, can anyone suggest a good way to wait before all the requests are finished in the main function? Currently, my main function looks like this - int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; IBGApp *ibgapp = [[IBGApp alloc] init]; IBGLib *ibgl = [[IBGLib alloc] initWithUsername:@"joe" andPassword:@"xxx"]; // The two method calls below download URLs async. [ibgl downloadURL:@"http://yahoo.com/" withRequestDelegate:ibgapp andRequestSelector:@selector(logData:)]; [ibgl downloadURL:@"http://google.com/" withRequestDelegate:ibgapp andRequestSelector:@selector(logData:)]; [pool release]; return 0; // I reach here before the async calls are done. } So what is the best way to wait till the async calls are done? I tried putting sleep, but obviously doesn't work.

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  • Multiple Socket Connections

    - by BSchlinker
    I need to write a server which accepts connections from multiple client machines, maintains track of connected clients and sends individual clients data as necessary. Sometimes, all clients may be contacted at once with the same message, other times, it may be one individual client or a group of clients. Since I need confirmation that the clients received the information and don't want to build an ACK structure for a UDP connection, I decided to use a TCP streaming method. However, I've been struggling to understand how to maintain multiple connections and keep them idle. I seem to have three options. Use a fork for each incoming connection to create a separate child process, use pthread_create to create an entire new thread for each process, or use select() to wait on all open socket IDs for a connection. Recommendations as to how to attack this? I've begun working with pthreads but since performance will likely not be an issue, multicore processing is not necessary and perhaps there is a simpler way.

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  • Python: Cannot concatenate str and NoneType objects

    - by Chase Higgins
    sql = """ INSERT INTO [SCHOOLINFO] VALUES( '""" + self.accountNo + """', '""" + self.altName + """', '""" + self.address1 + """', '""" + self.address2 + """', '""" + self.city + """', '""" + self.state + """', '""" + self.zipCode + """', '""" + self.phone1 + """', '""" + self.phone2 + """', '""" + self.fax + """', '""" + self.contactName + """', '""" + self.contactEmail + """', '""" + self.prize_id + """', '""" + self.shipping + """', '""" + self.chairTempPass + """', '""" + self.studentCount + """' ) """; I have the following code and Python keeps throwing the error that it cannon concatenate strings and nonetype objects. The thing is I have verified every variable here is in fact a string and is not null. I have been stuck on this for quite some time today, and any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Problem with a blocking network task

    - by user326967
    Hello everyone. I'm new in Java so please forgive any obscene errors that I may make :) I'm developing a program in Java that among other things it should also handle clients that will connect to a server. The server has 3 threads running, and I have created them in the following way : DaemonForUI du; DaemonForPort da; DaemonForCheck dc; da = new DaemonForPort(3); dc = new DaemonForCheck(5); du = new DaemonForUI(7); Thread t_port = new Thread(da); Thread t_check = new Thread(dc); Thread t_ui = new Thread(du); t_port.setName("v1.9--PORTd"); t_check.setName("v1.9-CHECKd"); t_ui.setName("v1.9----UId"); t_port.start(); t_check.start(); t_ui.start(); Each thread handles a different aspect of the complete program. The thread t_ui is responsible to accept asynchronous incoming connections from clients, process the sent data and send other data back to the client. When I remove all the commands from the previous piece of code that has to with the t_ui thread, everything runs ok which in my case means that the other threads are printing their debug messages. If I set the t_ui thread to run too, then the whole program blocks at the "accept" of the t_ui thread. After reading at online manuals I saw that the accepted connections should be non-blocking, therefore use something like that : public ServerSocketChannel ssc = null; ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open(); ssc.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port)); ssc.configureBlocking(false); SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept(); if (sc == null) { ; } else { System.out.println("The server and client are connected!"); System.out.println("Incoming connection from: " + sc.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress()); in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(sc.socket().getInputStream())); out = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(sc.socket().getOutputStream())); //other magic things take place after that point... The thread for t_ui is created as follows : class DaemonForUI implements Runnable{ private int cnt; private int rr; public ListenerForUI serverListener; public DaemonForUI(int rr){ cnt = 0; this.rr = rr; serverListener = new ListenerForUI(); } public static String getCurrentTime() { final String DATE_FORMAT_NOW = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"; Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(DATE_FORMAT_NOW); return (sdf.format(cal.getTime())); } public void run() { while(true) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t (" + cnt + ")\t (every " + rr + " sec) @ " + getCurrentTime()); try{ Thread.sleep(rr * 1000); cnt++; } catch (InterruptedException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } } Obviously, I'm doing something wrong at the creation of the socket or at the use of the thread. Do you know what is causing the problem? Every help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Are there any tools for performing static analysis of Scala code?

    - by Roman Kagan
    Are there any tools for performing static analysis of Scala code, similar to FindBugs and PMD for Java or Splint for C/C++? I know that FindBugs works on the bytecode produced by compiling Java, so I'm curious as to how it would work on Scala. Google searches (as of 27 October 2009) reveal very little. Google searches (as of 01 February 2010) reveal this question.

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  • I don't understand how work call_once

    - by SABROG
    Please help me understand how work call_once Here is thread-safe code. I don't understand why this need Thread Local Storage and global_epoch variables. Variable _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch can be changed to constant/enum like {FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT, BEING_INITIALIZED, FINISH_INITIALIZED}. Why needed count calls in global_epoch? I think this code can be rewriting with logc: if flag FINISH_INITIALIZED do nothing, else go to block with mutexes and this all. #ifndef FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_H #define FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_H #include #include typedef sig_atomic_t fast_pthread_once_t; #define FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT SIG_ATOMIC_MAX extern __thread fast_pthread_once_t _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch; #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif extern void fast_pthread_once( pthread_once_t *once, void (*func)(void) ); inline static void fast_pthread_once_inline( fast_pthread_once_t *once, void (*func)(void) ) { fast_pthread_once_t x = *once; /* unprotected access */ if ( x _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch ) { fast_pthread_once( once, func ); } } #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_H Source fast_pthread_once.c The source is written in C. The lines of the primary function are numbered for reference in the subsequent correctness argument. #include "fast_pthread_once.h" #include static pthread_mutex_t mu = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; /* protects global_epoch and all fast_pthread_once_t writes */ static pthread_cond_t cv = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; /* signalled whenever a fast_pthread_once_t is finalized */ #define BEING_INITIALIZED (FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT - 1) static fast_pthread_once_t global_epoch = 0; /* under mu */ __thread fast_pthread_once_t _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch; static void check( int x ) { if ( x == 0 ) abort(); } void fast_pthread_once( fast_pthread_once_t *once, void (*func)(void) ) { /*01*/ fast_pthread_once_t x = *once; /* unprotected access */ /*02*/ if ( x _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch ) { /*03*/ check( pthread_mutex_lock(µ) == 0 ); /*04*/ if ( *once == FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT ) { /*05*/ *once = BEING_INITIALIZED; /*06*/ check( pthread_mutex_unlock(µ) == 0 ); /*07*/ (*func)(); /*08*/ check( pthread_mutex_lock(µ) == 0 ); /*09*/ global_epoch++; /*10*/ *once = global_epoch; /*11*/ check( pthread_cond_broadcast(&cv;) == 0 ); /*12*/ } else { /*13*/ while ( *once == BEING_INITIALIZED ) { /*14*/ check( pthread_cond_wait(&cv;, µ) == 0 ); /*15*/ } /*16*/ } /*17*/ _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch = global_epoch; /*18*/ check (pthread_mutex_unlock(µ) == 0); } } This code from BOOST: #ifndef BOOST_THREAD_PTHREAD_ONCE_HPP #define BOOST_THREAD_PTHREAD_ONCE_HPP // once.hpp // // (C) Copyright 2007-8 Anthony Williams // // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See // accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) #include #include #include #include "pthread_mutex_scoped_lock.hpp" #include #include #include namespace boost { struct once_flag { boost::uintmax_t epoch; }; namespace detail { BOOST_THREAD_DECL boost::uintmax_t& get_once_per_thread_epoch(); BOOST_THREAD_DECL extern boost::uintmax_t once_global_epoch; BOOST_THREAD_DECL extern pthread_mutex_t once_epoch_mutex; BOOST_THREAD_DECL extern pthread_cond_t once_epoch_cv; } #define BOOST_ONCE_INITIAL_FLAG_VALUE 0 #define BOOST_ONCE_INIT {BOOST_ONCE_INITIAL_FLAG_VALUE} // Based on Mike Burrows fast_pthread_once algorithm as described in // http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2444.html template void call_once(once_flag& flag,Function f) { static boost::uintmax_t const uninitialized_flag=BOOST_ONCE_INITIAL_FLAG_VALUE; static boost::uintmax_t const being_initialized=uninitialized_flag+1; boost::uintmax_t const epoch=flag.epoch; boost::uintmax_t& this_thread_epoch=detail::get_once_per_thread_epoch(); if(epoch #endif I right understand, boost don't use atomic operation, so code from boost not thread-safe?

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