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  • SDL blitting multiple surfaces at once

    - by extropic_engine
    I'm trying to write a platforming game where the sprites for the level backgrounds are broken up into 512x512 chunks. I keep 3 chunks in memory at a time and I'm trying to write code to blit all three to the screen. Here is the current code I have: SDL_Rect where; where.y = -game->camera->y; where.x = -game->camera->x - MAP_WIDTH; SDL_BlitSurface(left_chunk, NULL, screen, &where); where.x = -game->camera->x; SDL_BlitSurface(center_chunk, NULL, screen, &where); where.x = -game->camera->x + MAP_WIDTH; SDL_BlitSurface(right_chunk, NULL, screen, &where); The issue I'm running into is that whichever chunk gets blitted first is the only one that shows up. The rest fail to appear onscreen. I think the issue might have something to do with alpha transparency, but even if the chunks don't overlap at all they still fail to blit. In other parts of the code I'm blitting multiple things to the screen at once, such as characters and backgrounds, and they all show up correctly. This particular segment of code is the only area I'm encountering this problem. If I comment out the line that blits left_chunk, it changes to this:

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  • How to search the web for programming related solutions?

    - by Bob
    I have the impression that Google has become unusable when searching for programming related questions. Example: I'm Googling for XML-RPC Redstone Cookie I'm expecting results where all three terms are contained. I don't care for results where one term misses. I guess until some months ago Google just worked this way, i.e. all terms were included. Somehow this feature is gone now (Google apparently thinks it is more intelligent than the user and knows what the user is searching for). So I helped myself putting a + in front of every word. This is, however, a bit cumbersome. And for the last weeks, it even doesn't work anymore in all cases, Google ignores the +. So how do you search for progamming related problems? Do you still use Google? If yes, which techniques do you use to get the right results? Or do you use another search engine? Which one?

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  • Database Insider - December 2012 issue

    - by Javier Puerta
    The December issue of the Database Insider newsletter is now available. (Full newsletter here) Big Data: From Acquisition to Analysis 2012 will likely be remembered as the year of big data, as a new generation of technologies enables organizations to acquire, organize, and analyze the exponentially growing and typically less-structured data generated from a variety of new sources. Oracle has produced a series of five short videos that offer a quick and compelling high-level introduction to big data. Read More Total Cost of Ownership Comparison: Oracle Exadata vs. IBM P-Series Read the research that found that over three years, the IBM hardware running Oracle Database cost 31 percent more in total cost of ownership than Oracle Exadata. Webcast - Oracle Exadata Database Machine X3 Learn about Oracle’s next-generation database machine, Oracle Exadata X3, that combines massive memory and low-cost disks to deliver the highest performance at the lowest cost. Available in an eight-rack configuration, it allows you to start small and grow.    Maximum Availability with Oracle GoldenGate Discover how to eliminate not only unplanned downtime but also planned downtime resulting from database upgrades, migrations, and consolidation.Thursday, December 1319:00 CET / 6 pm. UK   

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  • How to get the level and position of the player from an extern program? [on hold]

    - by user3727174
    I want to write a program that needs the current level and position of the player (primary single player). This should work for potentially every game installed and running on the computer my program is running on. The data I need is basically one integer value for the level (if there are any) and three integer values for x, y and optimal z for the position of the player. In which relation/scale or where the null point is does not matter, because this information is going to be interpreted game dependent, I will use this information to read information out of a database created for the game currently running. Currently I'm using C++, but if there is a better option for Java I´m willing to port my program. My thoughs so far are: make a mod for every game that should be supported, get the position/level from there, write this information to the disk and read it from my program tracking mouse/keyboard events and reconstructing the movement won't work Are there any general APIs for something like this? Any Tool to find this data? Or maybe engines that provide APIs to get this data directly from the game?

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  • Delete Ubuntu and Grub from PC (and BIOS unaccessible)

    - by Temitope
    I've really done a mess while upgrading 12.04 to 12.10, or my PC did, or ubuntu did, I can't really tell. The situation now is I have a dual booting machine, Windows 7 and ubuntu 12.10 -When turning on the PC, I can't access boot options, I've tried every thing, esc, f1 f8, f10 (I have a Hp pavilion) but all I can see is a short-lasting screen with three lines reading something like "error:files not found" or "link not found". So the PC turns to the Grub loader screen. This is already a BIG problem. It means I can't change boot order, and I'm diperate, since it doensn't seem that repairing my operating systems will bring my BIOS back. -If I chose Ubuntu in grup, it loades but then frezes on the desktop, I may be having problem with unity3d, or compiz, which was reported to be crashing the first times I started ubuntu. Now, after turning off and on the pc several times, no crash is reported again. Ubuntu just load my background image and nothing else. Not the side menu, not the header, nothing. Althogh the system seems "functioning", when I press the power button on the PC, for example, the normal shutdown dialog window appears. -If I chose Windows, Grubs tells me that something is not found, and to press any key to continue; I do it and then Windows loads perfectly. What I now want to do is 1- use EasyBSD to change boot order and boot Windows partition first 2- delete the ubuntu partitions from within windows disk manager What I except happening is that My PC turns to, or near to factory booting settings: I press the power button and Windows loads without asking me nothing I have acess to all my hardisk from withing windows Is that what will really happen? Are there danger I'm not seeing? What I don't except happening is The BIOS access key return functioning How could I eventually solve this? I would like to reinstall Ubuntu, 32 bit version this time.

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  • SQL RDBMS : one query or multiple calls

    - by None None
    After looking around the internet, I decided to create DAOs that returned objects (POJOs) to the calling business logic function/method. For example: a Customer object with a Address reference would be split in the RDBMS into two tables; Customer and ADDRESS. The CustomerDAO would be in charge of joining the data from the two tables and create both an Address POJO and Customer POJO adding the address to the customer object. Finally return the fulll Customer POJO. Simple, however, now i am at a point where i need to join three or four tables and each representing an attribute or list of attributes for the resulting POJO. The sql will include a group by but i will still result with multiple rows for the same pojo, because some of the tables are joining a one to many relationship. My app code will now have to loop through all the rows trying to figure out if the rows are the same with different attributes or if the record should be a new POJO. Should I continue to create my daos using this technique or break up my Pojo creation into multiple db calls to make the code easier to understand and maintain?

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  • Series On Embedded Development (Part 1)

    - by user12612705
    This is the first in a series of entries on developing applications for the embedded environment. Most of this information is relevant to any type of embedded development (and even for desktop and server too), not just Java. This information is based on a talk Hinkmond Wong and I gave at JavaOne 2012 entitled Reducing Dynamic Memory in Java Embedded Applications. One thing to remember when developing embeddded applications is that memory matters. Yes, memory matters in desktop and server environments as well, but there's just plain less of it in embedded devices. So I'm going to be talking about saving this precious resource as well as another precious resource, CPU cycles...and a bit about power too. CPU matters too, and again, in embedded devices, there's just plain less of it. What you'll find, no surprise, is that there's a trade-off between performance and memory. To get better performance, you need to use more memory, and to save more memory, you need to need to use more CPU cycles. I'll be discussing three Memory Reduction Categories: - Optionality, both build-time and runtime. Optionality is about providing options so you can get rid of the stuff you don't need and include the stuff you do need. - Tunability, which is about providing options so you can tune your application by trading performance for size, and vice-versa. - Efficiency, which is about balancing size savings with performance.

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  • What do you consider standard job perks? [closed]

    - by reseter
    What does a company need to offer you (apart from a fat pay cheque) for you to work for them? I am aware of this question, which is from an employer's perspective. I am interested in your views as employees. To get the discussion started, here is a list off the top of my head (not in any particular order): High-end computer with a huge screen or two. The best software tool money can buy as per Joel's test). That isn't too much to ask given many of the best tools are free (think git). Flexibility is a bonus- if a particular platform/ piece of software is not absolutely required, I would like to pick my OS and IDE. A quality chair Quiet workspace. Open plan is fine as long as there are meeting rooms so that there is no constant chatter going on around me. Spacious workspace. I would rather have more than three inches between my mouse and the person next to me's keyboard. Food and drink at work. Many companies these days have fruit baskets, biscuits, etc available to their employees, some even offer free lunch. Education. If my employer wants my skills to stay up-to-date, they should at the very least understand I need time to learn. If they want to pay for my books and conference registration fees, I am more than happy to accept. Other options include organizing internal knowledge exchange days or inviting speakers from outside. Flexible hours/ option to work from home is a bonus

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  • Associate a texture to an object (from a data-model, not graphical point of view).

    - by Raveline
    I'm writing a roguelike where objects and floor can be made of different materials. For instance, let's say we can have a wooden chair, an iron chair, a golden chair, and so on. I've got an Object class (I know, the name is terrible), which is more or less using a composite pattern, and a Material class. Material have different important properties (noise, color...). For the time being, there are 5 different instances of materials, created at the initialization of the game. How would connect an instance of Object with one of the 5 instances of materials ? I see three simple solutions : Using a pointer. Simple and brutal. Using an integer material-id, then get the materials out of a table when engine manipulates the object for various purposes (display, attack analysis, etc.). Not very beautiful, I think, and not very flexible. Using an integer material-id, then get the materials out of a std::map. A bit more flexible, but still not perfect. Do you see other possibilities ? If not, what would you choose (and why) ? Thanks in advance !

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  • How should a non-IT manager secure the long-term maintenance and development of essential legacy software?

    - by user105977
    I've been hunting for a place to ask this question for quite a while; maybe this is the place, although I'm afraid it's not the kind of "question with an answer" this site would prefer. We are a small, very specialized, benefits administration firm with an extremely useful, robust collection of software, some written in COBOL but most in BASIC. Two full-time consultants have ably maintained and improved this system over more than 30 years. Needless to say they will soon retire. (One of them has been desperate to retire for several years but is loyal to a fault and so hangs on despite her husband's insistence that golf should take priority.) We started down the path of converting to a system developed by one of only three firms in the country that offer the type of software we use. We now feel that although this this firm is theoretically capable of completing the conversion process, they don't have the resources to do so timely, and we have come to believe that they will be unable to offer the kind of service we need to run our business. (There's nothing like being able to set one's own priorities and having the authority to allocate one's resources as one sees fit.) Hardware is not a problem--we are able to emulate very effectively on modern servers. If COBOL and BASIC were modern languages, we'd be willing to take the risk that we could find replacements for our current consultants going forward. It seems like there ought to be a business model for an IT support firm that concentrates on legacy platforms like this and provides the programming and software development talent to support a system like ours, removing from our backs the risks of finding the right programming talent and the job of convincing younger programmers that they can have a productive, rewarding career, in part in an old, non-sexy language like BASIC. Where do I find such firms?

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  • Oracle ADF Mobile

    - by rituchhibber
    We are happy to announce that Oracle ADF Mobile is now available for our customers.Oracle ADF Mobile enables developer to build applications that install and run on both iOS and Android devices from one source code.Development is done with JDeveloper and ADF and leverages Java and HTML5 technologies, while keeping the same visual and declarative approach ADF is known for.Please Click here to read more about the Oracle ADF Mobile release and learn more on our OTN Page. Feature Highlights: Java - Oracle brings a Java VM embedded with each application so you can develop all your business logic in the platform neutral language you know and love! (Yes, even iOS!) JDBC - Since we give you Java, we also provide JDBC along with a SQLite driver and engine that also supports encryption out of the box. Multi-Platform - Truly develop your application only once and deploy to multiple platforms. iOS and Android platforms are supported for both phone and tablet. Flexible - You can decide how to implement the UI: Use existing server-based UI framework like JSF. Use your own favorite HTML5 framework like JQuery. Use our declarative HTML5 component set provided with the framework. Device Feature Access - You can get access to device features from either Java or JavaScript to invoke features like camera, GPS, email, SMS, contacts, etc. Secure - ADF Mobile provides integrated security that works with your server back-end as well. Whether you’re using remote URLs, local HTML or AMX, you can secure any/all of your features with a single consistent login page. Since we also give you SQLite encryption, we are assured that your data is safe. Rapid - Using the same development techniques that ADF developers are already used to, you can quickly create mobile applications without ever learning another language!ADF Mobile XML or AMX for short, provides all the normal input and layout controls you expect and we also add charts/maps/gauges along with it to provide a very comprehensive UI controls. You can also mix and match any of the three for ultimate flexibility!

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  • If you had to go back and re-learn your skill set, how would you do it?

    - by vorbb
    My younger brother is looking to start programming. He's 14, and technically-inclined, but no real experience programming. He's looking to me for guidance, and I don't feel as if my experience is enough, so I figured I'd ask here. He's more interested in web programming, but also has an interest in desktop/mobile/server applications. What would be a good learning path for him to take? I'm going to buy him a bunch of books for Christmas to get him started; the question is, what should he learn, and in which order? The way I see it, he needs to learn theory and code. I'd like to start him off with Python or Ruby or PHP. If he wants to get in to web, he's also going to need to learn HTML, CSS, Javascript, etc. Out of those three domains (Languages, Theory, Markup/Etc.), what is the best order do you think to learn in? Also, am I missing anything? Thanks!

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  • Animating the offset of the scrollView in a UICollectionView/UITableView causes prematurely disappearing cells

    - by radutzan
    We have a UICollectionView with a custom layout very similar to UITableView (it scrolls vertically). The UICollectionView displays only 3 cells simultaneously, with one of them being the currently active cell: [ 1 ] [*2*] [ 3 ] (The active cell here is #2.) The cells are roughly 280 points high, so only the active cell is fully visible on the screen. The user doesn't directly scroll the view to navigate, instead, she swipes the active cell horizontally to advance to the next cell. We then do some fancy animations and scroll the UICollectionView so the next cell is in the "active" position, thus making it the active one, moving the old one away and bringing up the next cell in the queue: [ 2 ] [*3*] [ 4 ] The problem here is setting the UICollectionView's offset. We currently set it in a UIView animation block (self.collectionView.contentOffset = targetOffset;) along with three other animating properties, which mostly works great, but causes the first cell (the previously active one, in the latter case, #2) to vanish as soon as the animation starts running, even before the delay interval completes. This is definitely not ideal. I've thought of some solutions, but can't figure out the best one: Absurdly enlarge the UICollectionView's frame to fit five cells instead of three, thus forcing it to keep the cells in memory even if they are offscreen. I've tried this and it works, but it sounds like an awfully dirty hack. Take a snapshot of the rendered content of the vanishing cell, put it in a UIImageView, add the UIImageView as a subview of the scrollView just before the cell goes away in the exact same position of the old cell, removing it once the animation ends. Sounds less sucky than the previous option (memory-wise, at least), but still kinda hacky. I also don't know the best way to accomplish this, please point me in the right direction. Switch to UIScrollView's setContentOffset:animated:. We actually used to have this, and it fixed the disappearing cell issue, but running this in parallel with the other UIView animations apparently competes for the attention of the main thread, thus creating a terribly choppy animation on single-core devices (iPhone 3GS/4). It also doesn't allow us to change the duration or easing of the animation, so it feels out of sync with the rest. Still an option if we can find a way to make it work in harmony with the UIView block animations. Switch to UICollectionView's scrollToItemAtIndexPath:atScrollPosition:animated:. Haven't tried this, but it has a big downside: it only takes 3 possible constants (that apply to this case, at least) for the target scroll position: UICollectionViewScrollPositionTop, UICollectionViewScrollPositionCenteredVertically and UICollectionViewScrollPositionBottom. The active cell could vary its height, but it always has to be 35 points from the top of the window, and these options don't provide enough control to accomplish the design. It could also potentially be just as problematic as 3.1. Still an option because there might be a way to go around the scroll position thing that I don't know of, and it might not have the same issue with the main thread, which seems unlikely. Any help will be greatly appreciated. Please ask if you need clarification. Thanks a lot!

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  • touchend event doesn't work on Android

    - by Protos
    Hi, I've just started looking at doing some basic mobile web development on the android and an writing a test script to investigate the touch events. I've run the following code in the android emulator, and the touchend event never gets fired. Can anyone tell me why ? I've tried in three versions of the emulator (1.6, 2.1 and 2.2) and all three behave in the same way. Thanks in advance for any help you can give me. Cheers, Colm EDIT - I've also tried this using the XUI framework and have the same problem so I'm guessing I have a fundamental misunderstanding of how this stuff works ...... Map Test <meta name="description" content="" /> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <meta name="language" content="english" /> <meta name="viewport" content="minimum-scale=1.0, width=device-width, height=device-height, user-scalable=no"> <script type="text/javascript"> window.onload = function(){ document.body.appendChild( document.createTextNode("w: " + screen.width + " x " + "h : " +screen.height) ); attachTouchEvents(); } function attachTouchEvents() { console = document.getElementById("console"); var map = document.getElementById("map"); map.addEventListener ('touchstart', function (event) { event.preventDefault(); var touch = event.touches[0]; document.getElementById("touchCoord").innerHTML = "S : " + touch.pageX + " " + touch.pageY; document.getElementById("touchEvent").innerHTML = "Touch Start"; }, false); map.addEventListener ('touchmove', function (event) { event.preventDefault(); var touch = event.touches[0]; document.getElementById("touchCoord").innerHTML = "M : " + touch.pageX + " " + touch.pageY; document.getElementById("touchEvent").innerHTML = "Touch Move"; }, false); map.addEventListener ('touchend', function (event) { var touch = event.touches[0]; document.getElementById("touchCoord").innerHTML = "E : " + touch.pageX + " " + touch.pageY; document.getElementById("touchEvent").innerHTML = "Touch End"; event.preventDefault(); }, false); console.innerHTML = "event attached"; } </script> <style type="text/css"> html, body { height:100%; width:100%; margin: 0; background-color:red; } #map { height: 300px; width: 300px; background-color:yellow; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="map"></div> <div id="touchCoord">Touch Coords</div> <div id="touchEvent">Touch Evnt</div> <div id="console">Console</div> </body>

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  • Multiple "pages" in GWT with human friendly URLs

    - by Andreas Borglin
    Hi. I'm playing with a GWT/GAE project which will have three different "pages", although it is not really pages in a GWT sense. The top views (one for each page) will have completely different layouts, but some of the widgets will be shared. One of the pages is the main page which is loaded by the default url (http://www.site.com), but the other two needs additional URL information to differentiate the page type. They also need a name parameter, (like http://www.site.com/project/project-name. There are at least two solutions to this that I'm aware of. Use GWT history mechanism and let page type and parameters (such as project name) be part of the history token. Use servlets with url-mapping patterns (like /project/*) The first choice might seem obvious at first, but it has several drawbacks. First, a user should be able to easily remember and type URL directly to a project. It is hard to produce a human friendly URL with history tokens. Second, I'm using gwt-presenter and this approach would mean that we need to support subplaces in one token, which I'd rather avoid. Third, a user will typically stay at one page, so it makes more sense that the page information is part of the "static" URL. Using servlets solves all these problems, but also creates other ones. So my first questions is, what is the best solution here? If I would go for the servlet solution, new questions pop up. It might make sense to split the GWT app into three separate modules, each with an entry point. Each servlet that is mapped to a certain page would then simply forward the request to the GWT module that handles that page. Since a user typically stays at one page, the browser only needs to load the js for that page. Based on what I've read, this solution is not really recommended. I could also stick with one module, but then GWT needs to find out which page it should display. It could either query the server or parse the URL itself. If I stick with one GWT module, I need to keep the page information stored on server side. Naturally I thought about sessions, but I'm not sure if its a good idea to mix page information with user data. A session usually lives between user login and logout, but in this case it would need different behavior. Would it be bad practise to handle this via sessions? The one GWT module + servlet solution also leads to another problem. If a user goes from a project page to the main page, how will GWT know that this has happened? The app will not be reloaded, so it will be treated as a simple state change. It seems rather ineffecient to have to check page info for every state change. Anyone care to guide me out of the foggy darkness that surrounds me? :-)

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  • ngGrid reusable filter AngularJS

    - by wootscootinboogie
    I have a business requirement that I filter a boolean value in my ngGrid. The filter has three states: only true, only false and both. Filtering like this seems to be a common enough use case that I should refactor that functionality out of my code for re use (possibly in a directive/filter?). I'd like to know how I can go about pulling out the customFilter function in my controller and make it so that I can pass the filter a property name on which to filter, and a value for selectedFilterOption. The code currently works, but I feel like this is a good chance to get better at angular :). So how can I pull out my filtering used here and make it a reusable piece of functionality? app.controller('DocumentController',function($scope,DocumentService) { $scope.filterOptions = { filterText: '', useExternalFilter: false }; $scope.totalServerItems =0; $scope.pagingOptions ={ pageSizes: [5,10,100], pageSize: 5, currentPage: 1 } //filter! $scope.dropdownOptions = [{ name: 'Show all' },{ name: 'Show active' },{ name: 'Show trash' }]; //default choice for filtering is 'show active' $scope.selectedFilterOption = $scope.dropdownOptions[1]; //three stage bool filter $scope.customFilter = function(data){ var tempData = []; angular.forEach(data,function(item){ if($scope.selectedFilterOption.name === 'Show all'){ tempData.push(item); } else if($scope.selectedFilterOption.name ==='Show active' && !item.markedForDelete){ tempData.push(item); } else if($scope.selectedFilterOption.name ==='Show trash' && item.markedForDelete){ tempData.push(item); } }); return tempData; } //grabbing data $scope.getPagedDataAsync = function(pageSize, page, filterValue, searchText){ var data; if(searchText){ var ft = searchText.toLowerCase(); DocumentService.get('filterableData.json').success(function(largeLoad){ //filter the data when searching data = $scope.customFilter(largeLoad).filter(function(item){ return JSON.stringify(item).toLowerCase().indexOf(ft) != -1; }) $scope.setPagingData($scope.customFilter(data),page,pageSize); }) } else{ DocumentService.get('filterableData.json').success(function(largeLoad){ var testLargeLoad = $scope.customFilter(largeLoad); //filter the data on initial page load when no search text has been entered $scope.setPagingData(testLargeLoad,page,pageSize); }) } }; //paging $scope.setPagingData = function(data, page, pageSize){ var pagedData = data.slice((page -1) * pageSize, page * pageSize); //filter the data for paging $scope.myData = $scope.customFilter(pagedData); $scope.myData = pagedData; $scope.totalServerItems = data.length; if(!$scope.$$phase){ $scope.$apply(); } } //watch for filter option change, set the data property of gridOptions to the newly filtered data $scope.$watch('selectedFilterOption',function(){ var data = $scope.customFilter($scope.myData); $scope.myData = data; $scope.getPagedDataAsync($scope.pagingOptions.pageSize, $scope.pagingOptions.currentPage); $scope.setPagingData($scope.myData,$scope.pagingOptions.currentPage,$scope.pagingOptions.pageSize); }) $scope.$watch('pagingOptions',function(newVal, oldVal){ if(newVal !== oldVal && newVal.currentPage !== oldVal.currentPage){ $scope.getPagedDataAsync($scope.pagingOptions.pageSize,$scope.pagingOptions.currentPage,$scope.filterOptions.filterText); } },true) $scope.message ="This is a message"; $scope.gridOptions = { data: 'myData', enablePaging: true, showFooter:true, totalServerItems: 'totalServerItems', pagingOptions: $scope.pagingOptions, filterOptions: $scope.filterOptions, showFilter: true, enableCellEdit: true, showColumnMenu: true, enableColumnReordering: true, enablePinning: true, showGroupPanel: true, groupsCollapsedByDefault: true, enableColumnResize: true } //get the data on page load $scope.getPagedDataAsync($scope.pagingOptions.pageSize, $scope.pagingOptions.currentPage); }); HTML

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  • Help to solve "Robbery Problem"

    - by peiska
    Hello, Can anybody help me with this problem in C or Java? The problem is taken from here: http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1104 Inspector Robstop is very angry. Last night, a bank has been robbed and the robber has not been caught. And this happened already for the third time this year, even though he did everything in his power to stop the robber: as quickly as possible, all roads leading out of the city were blocked, making it impossible for the robber to escape. Then, the inspector asked all the people in the city to watch out for the robber, but the only messages he got were of the form "We don't see him." But this time, he has had enough! Inspector Robstop decides to analyze how the robber could have escaped. To do that, he asks you to write a program which takes all the information the inspector could get about the robber in order to find out where the robber has been at which time. Coincidentally, the city in which the bank was robbed has a rectangular shape. The roads leaving the city are blocked for a certain period of time t, and during that time, several observations of the form "The robber isn't in the rectangle Ri at time ti" are reported. Assuming that the robber can move at most one unit per time step, your program must try to find the exact position of the robber at each time step. Input The input contains the description of several robberies. The first line of each description consists of three numbers W, H, t (1 <= W,H,t <= 100) where W is the width, H the height of the city and t is the time during which the city is locked. The next contains a single integer n (0 <= n <= 100), the number of messages the inspector received. The next n lines (one for each of the messages) consist of five integers ti, Li, Ti, Ri, Bi each. The integer ti is the time at which the observation has been made (1 <= ti <= t), and Li, Ti, Ri, Bi are the left, top, right and bottom respectively of the (rectangular) area which has been observed. (1 <= Li <= Ri <= W, 1 <= Ti <= Bi <= H; the point (1, 1) is the upper left hand corner, and (W, H) is the lower right hand corner of the city.) The messages mean that the robber was not in the given rectangle at time ti. The input is terminated by a test case starting with W = H = t = 0. This case should not be processed. Output For each robbery, first output the line "Robbery #k:", where k is the number of the robbery. Then, there are three possibilities: If it is impossible that the robber is still in the city considering the messages, output the line "The robber has escaped." In all other cases, assume that the robber really is in the city. Output one line of the form "Time step : The robber has been at x,y." for each time step, in which the exact location can be deduced. (x and y are the column resp. row of the robber in time step .) Output these lines ordered by time . If nothing can be deduced, output the line "Nothing known." and hope that the inspector will not get even more angry. Output a blank line after each processed case.

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  • jqgrid retrieving empty rows using webapi (REST)

    - by polonskyg
    I'm using jqgrid in an ASPNET MVC4 project with WebApi (REST), Entity Framework 5 using Unit Of Work and Repository patterns. My problem is that I see the data flowing as json to the browser and I see three rows in the grid, but those rows are empty, and the data is not shown (three empty rows in the grid). This is method to get the data in the WebApi controller: public dynamic GetGridData(int rows, int page, string sidx, string sord) { var pageSize = rows; var index = sidx; var order = sord; var categories = Uow.Categories.GetAll().OrderBy(t => (string.IsNullOrEmpty(index) ? "Id" : index) + " " + (order ?? "desc")); var pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(page) - 1; var totalRecords = categories.Count(); var totalPages = (int)Math.Ceiling((float) totalRecords / (float) pageSize); var categoriesPage = categories.Skip(pageIndex * pageSize).Take(pageSize).ToList(); return new { total = totalPages, page = page, records = totalRecords, rows = (from category in categoriesPage select new { id = category.Id.ToString(), cell = new string[] { category.Id.ToString(), category.Name, category.Description } }).ToArray() }; } This is the json received in the browser { "total": 1, "page": 1, "records": 3, "rows": [{ "id": "1", "cell": ["1", "Category 1", null] }, { "id": "3", "cell": ["3", "Category 3", "asAS"] }, { "id": "4", "cell": ["4", "Category 4", null] }] } This is the .js file with jqgrid jQuery("#ajaxGrid").jqGrid({ url: $("#ServiceUrl").val(), datatype: "json", jsonReader: { repeatitems: false, id: "Id" }, colNames: ['Id', 'Name', 'Description'], colModel: [ { name: 'id', editable: true, sortable: true, hidden: true, align: 'left' }, { name: 'name', editable: true, sortable: true, hidden: false, align: 'left' }, { name: 'description', editable: true, sortable: true, hidden: false, align: 'left' } ], mtype: 'GET', rowNum: 15, pager: '#ajaxGridPager', rowList: [10, 20, 50, 100], caption: 'List of Categories', imgpath: $("#ServiceImagesUrl").val(), altRows: true, shrinkToFit: true, viewrecords: true, autowidth: true, height: 'auto', error: function(x, e) { alert(x.readyState + " "+ x.status +" "+ e.msg); } }); function updateDialog(action) { return { url: $("#ServiceUrl").val(), closeAfterAdd: true, closeAfterEdit: true, afterShowForm: function (formId) { }, modal: true, onclickSubmit: function (params) { var list = $("#ajaxGrid"); var selectedRow = list.getGridParam("selrow"); params.url += "/" + list.getRowData(selectedRow).Id; params.mtype = action; }, width: "300", ajaxEditOptions: { contentType: "application/json" }, serializeEditData: function (data) { delete data.oper; return JSON.stringify(data); } }; } jQuery("#ajaxGrid").jqGrid( 'navGrid', '#ajaxGridPager', { add: true, edit: true, del: true, search: false, refresh: false }, updateDialog('PUT'), updateDialog('POST'), updateDialog('DELETE') ); BTW, If I want to return jqGridData instead the dynamic, How should I do it? Did is showing empty rows as well: public class jqGridData<T> where T : class { public int page { get; set; } public int records { get; set; } public IEnumerable<T> rows { get; set; } public decimal total { get; set; } } public jqGridData<Category> GetGridData(int rows, int page, string sidx, string sord) { var pageSize = rows; var index = sidx; var order = sord; var categories = Uow.Categories.GetAll().OrderBy(t => (string.IsNullOrEmpty(index) ? "Id" : index) + " " + (order ?? "desc")); var pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(page) - 1; var totalRecords = categories.Count(); var totalPages = (int)Math.Ceiling((float)totalRecords / (float)pageSize); var categoriesPage = categories.Skip(pageIndex * pageSize).Take(pageSize); return new jqGridData<Category> { page = page, records = totalRecords, total = totalPages, rows = categoriesPage }; }

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  • How to do URL authentication in struts2

    - by Enrique Malhotra
    Hi, I am using struts2.1.6 + Spring 2.5 I have four modules in my application. Registration Module Admin Module Quote Module Location Module. In registration module the customer can register himself and only after registering he is supposed to have access of the remaining three modules. I want to implement something like if the action being called belongs to the registration module it will work as normal but if the action being called belongs to the rest of those three modules it first should check if the user is logged-in and session has not timed-out. if yes it should proceed normally otherwise it should redirect to the login page. Through research I have found out that interceptors could be used for this purpose but before proceeding I thought its better to get some feedback on it from experts. Please suggest how it should be done and If possible put some code suggestions. Here is my struts.xml file(The struts.xml contains four different config files belonging to each module): <struts> <include file="struts-default.xml" /> <constant name="struts.i18n.reload" value="false" /> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" /> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" /> <constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false" /> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" /> <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="10000000" /> <constant name="struts.multipart.saveDir" value="C:/Temporary_image_location" /> <include file="/com/action/mappingFiles/registration_config.xml" /> <include file="/com/action/mappingFiles/admin_config.xml" /> <include file="/com/action/mappingFiles/quote.xml" /> <include file="/com/action/mappingFiles/location_config.xml" /> </struts> The sample registration_config.xml file is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <package name="registration" extends="struts-default" namespace="/my_company"> <action name="LoginView" class="registration" method="showLoginView"> <result>....</result> <result name="input">...</result> </action> </package> </struts> The sample admin_config.xml file is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <package name="admin" extends="struts-default" namespace="/my_company"> <action name="viewAdmin" class="admin" method="showAdminView"> <result>....</result> <result name="input">...</result> </action> </package> </struts> Same code is there in the rest of two struts2 xml config files. I have used the same namespace in all the four config files with the different package names(As you can see)

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  • Select number of rows for each group where two column values makes one group

    - by Fábio Antunes
    I have a two select statements joined by UNION ALL. In the first statement a where clause gathers only rows that have been shown previously to the user. The second statement gathers all rows that haven't been shown to the user, therefore I end up with the viewed results first and non-viewed results after. Of course this could simply be achieved with the same select statement using a simple ORDER BY, however the reason for two separate selects is simple after you realize what I hope to accomplish. Consider the following structure and data. +----+------+-----+--------+------+ | id | from | to | viewed | data | +----+------+-----+--------+------+ | 1 | 1 | 10 | true | .... | | 2 | 10 | 1 | true | .... | | 3 | 1 | 10 | true | .... | | 4 | 6 | 8 | true | .... | | 5 | 1 | 10 | true | .... | | 6 | 10 | 1 | true | .... | | 7 | 8 | 6 | true | .... | | 8 | 10 | 1 | true | .... | | 9 | 6 | 8 | true | .... | | 10 | 2 | 3 | true | .... | | 11 | 1 | 10 | true | .... | | 12 | 8 | 6 | true | .... | | 13 | 10 | 1 | false | .... | | 14 | 1 | 10 | false | .... | | 15 | 6 | 8 | false | .... | | 16 | 10 | 1 | false | .... | | 17 | 8 | 6 | false | .... | | 18 | 3 | 2 | false | .... | +----+------+-----+--------+------+ Basically I wish all non viewed rows to be selected by the statement, that is accomplished by checking weather the viewed column is true or false, pretty simple and straightforward, nothing to worry here. However when it comes to the rows already viewed, meaning the column viewed is TRUE, for those records I only want 3 rows to be returned for each group. The appropriate result in this instance should be the 3 most recent rows of each group. +----+------+-----+--------+------+ | id | from | to | viewed | data | +----+------+-----+--------+------+ | 6 | 10 | 1 | true | .... | | 7 | 8 | 6 | true | .... | | 8 | 10 | 1 | true | .... | | 9 | 6 | 8 | true | .... | | 10 | 2 | 3 | true | .... | | 11 | 1 | 10 | true | .... | | 12 | 8 | 6 | true | .... | +----+------+-----+--------+------+ As you see from the ideal result set we have three groups. Therefore the desired query for the viewed results should show a maximum of 3 rows for each grouping it finds. In this case these groupings were 10 with 1 and 8 with 6, both which had three rows to be shown, while the other group 2 with 3 only had one row to be shown. Please note that where from = x and to = y, makes the same grouping as if it was from = y and to = x. Therefore considering the first grouping (10 with 1), from = 10 and to = 1 is the same group if it was from = 1 and to = 10. However there are plenty of groups in the whole table that I only wish the 3 most recent of each to be returned in the select statement, and thats my problem, I not sure how that can be accomplished in the most efficient way possible considering the table will have hundreds if not thousands of records at some point. Thanks for your help. Note: The columns id, from, to and viewed are indexed, that should help with performance. PS: I'm unsure on how to name this question exactly, if you have a better idea, be my guest and edit the title.

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  • Python - Bitmap won't draw/display

    - by Wallter
    I have been working on this project for some time now - it was originally supposed to be a test to see if, using wxPython, I could build a button 'from scratch.' From scratch means: that i would have full control over all the aspects of the button (i.e. controlling the BMP's that are displayed... what the event handlers did... etc.) I have run into several problems (as this is my first major python project.) Now, when the all the code is working for the life of me I can't get an image to display. Basic code - not working dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() dc.DrawBitmap(wx.Bitmap("/home/wallter/Desktop/Mouseover.bmp"), 100, 100) self.Refresh() self.Update() Full Main.py import wx from Custom_Button import Custom_Button from wxPython.wx import * ID_ABOUT = 101 ID_EXIT = 102 class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, ID, title): wxFrame.__init__(self, parent, ID, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 400)) self.CreateStatusBar() self.SetStatusText("Program testing custom button overlays") menu = wxMenu() menu.Append(ID_ABOUT, "&About", "More information about this program") menu.AppendSeparator() menu.Append(ID_EXIT, "E&xit", "Terminate the program") menuBar = wxMenuBar() menuBar.Append(menu, "&File"); self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) # The call for the 'Experiential button' self.Button1 = Custom_Button(parent, -1, wx.Point(100, 100), wx.Bitmap("/home/wallter/Desktop/Mouseover.bmp"), wx.Bitmap("/home/wallter/Desktop/Normal.bmp"), wx.Bitmap("/home/wallter/Desktop/Click.bmp")) # The following three lines of code are in place to try to get the # Button1 to display (trying to trigger the Paint event (the _onPaint.) # Because that is where the 'draw' functions are. self.Button1.Show(true) self.Refresh() self.Update() # Because the Above three lines of code did not work, I added the # following four lines to trigger the 'draw' functions to test if the # '_onPaint' method actually worked. # These lines do not work. dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.DrawBitmap(wx.Bitmap("/home/wallter/Desktop/Mouseover.bmp"), 100, 100) EVT_MENU(self, ID_ABOUT, self.OnAbout) EVT_MENU(self, ID_EXIT, self.TimeToQuit) def OnAbout(self, event): dlg = wxMessageDialog(self, "Testing the functions of custom " "buttons using pyDev and wxPython", "About", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION) dlg.ShowModal() dlg.Destroy() def TimeToQuit(self, event): self.Close(true) class MyApp(wx.App): def OnInit(self): frame = MyFrame(NULL, -1, "wxPython | Buttons") frame.Show(true) self.SetTopWindow(frame) return true app = MyApp(0) app.MainLoop() Full CustomButton.py import wx from wxPython.wx import * class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): def __init__(self, parent, id, Pos, Over_BMP, Norm_BMP, Push_BMP, **kwargs): wx.PyControl.__init__(self,parent, id, **kwargs) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self._onMouseDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self._onMouseUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, self._onMouseLeave) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ENTER_WINDOW, self._onMouseEnter) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self._onEraseBackground) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self._onPaint) self.pos = Pos self.Over_bmp = Over_BMP self.Norm_bmp = Norm_BMP self.Push_bmp = Push_BMP self._mouseIn = False self._mouseDown = False def _onMouseEnter(self, event): self._mouseIn = True def _onMouseLeave(self, event): self._mouseIn = False def _onMouseDown(self, event): self._mouseDown = True def _onMouseUp(self, event): self._mouseDown = False self.sendButtonEvent() def sendButtonEvent(self): event = wx.CommandEvent(wx.wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED, self.GetId()) event.SetInt(0) event.SetEventObject(self) self.GetEventHandler().ProcessEvent(event) def _onEraseBackground(self,event): # reduce flicker pass def Iz(self): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp, 100, 100) def _onPaint(self, event): # The printing functions, they should work... but don't. dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp) # This never printed... I don't know if that means if the EVT # is triggering or what. print '_onPaint' # draw whatever you want to draw # draw glossy bitmaps e.g. dc.DrawBitmap if self._mouseIn: # If the Mouse is over the button dc.DrawBitmap(self.Over_bmp, self.pos) else: # Since the mouse isn't over it Print the normal one # This is adding on the above code to draw the bmp # in an attempt to get the bmp to display; to no avail. dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp, self.pos) if self._mouseDown: # If the Mouse clicks the button dc.DrawBitmap(self.Push_bmp, self.pos) This code won't work? I get no BMP displayed why? How do i get one? I've gotten the staticBitmap(...) to display one, but it won't move, resize, or anything for that matter... - it's only in the top left corner of the frame? Note: the frame is 400pxl X 400pxl - and the "/home/wallter/Desktop/Mouseover.bmp"

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  • Why are there 3 conflicting OpenCV camera calibration formulas?

    - by John
    I'm having a problem with OpenCV's various parameterization of coordinates used for camera calibration purposes. The problem is that three different sources of information on image distortion formulae apparently give three non-equivalent description of the parameters and equations involved: (1) In their book "Learning OpenCV…" Bradski and Kaehler write regarding lens distortion (page 376): xcorrected = x * ( 1 + k1 * r^2 + k2 * r^4 + k3 * r^6 ) + [ 2 * p1 * x * y + p2 * ( r^2 + 2 * x^2 ) ], ycorrected = y * ( 1 + k1 * r^2 + k2 * r^4 + k3 * r^6 ) + [ p1 * ( r^2 + 2 * y^2 ) + 2 * p2 * x * y ], where r = sqrt( x^2 + y^2 ). Assumably, (x, y) are the coordinates of pixels in the uncorrected captured image corresponding to world-point objects with coordinates (X, Y, Z), camera-frame referenced, for which xcorrected = fx * ( X / Z ) + cx and ycorrected = fy * ( Y / Z ) + cy, where fx, fy, cx, and cy, are the camera's intrinsic parameters. So, having (x, y) from a captured image, we can obtain the desired coordinates ( xcorrected, ycorrected ) to produced an undistorted image of the captured world scene by applying the above first two correction expressions. However... (2) The complication arises as we look at OpenCV 2.0 C Reference entry under the Camera Calibration and 3D Reconstruction section. For ease of comparison we start with all world-point (X, Y, Z) coordinates being expressed with respect to the camera's reference frame, just as in #1. Consequently, the transformation matrix [ R | t ] is of no concern. In the C reference, it is expressed that: x' = X / Z, y' = Y / Z, x'' = x' * ( 1 + k1 * r'^2 + k2 * r'^4 + k3 * r'^6 ) + [ 2 * p1 * x' * y' + p2 * ( r'^2 + 2 * x'^2 ) ], y'' = y' * ( 1 + k1 * r'^2 + k2 * r'^4 + k3 * r'^6 ) + [ p1 * ( r'^2 + 2 * y'^2 ) + 2 * p2 * x' * y' ], where r' = sqrt( x'^2 + y'^2 ), and finally that u = fx * x'' + cx, v = fy * y'' + cy. As one can see these expressions are not equivalent to those presented in #1, with the result that the two sets of corrected coordinates ( xcorrected, ycorrected ) and ( u, v ) are not the same. Why the contradiction? It seems to me the first set makes more sense as I can attach physical meaning to each and every x and y in there, while I find no physical meaning in x' = X / Z and y' = Y / Z when the camera focal length is not exactly 1. Furthermore, one cannot compute x' and y' for we don't know (X, Y, Z). (3) Unfortunately, things get even murkier when we refer to the writings in Intel's Open Source Computer Vision Library Reference Manual's section Lens Distortion (page 6-4), which states in part: "Let ( u, v ) be true pixel image coordinates, that is, coordinates with ideal projection, and ( u ~, v ~ ) be corresponding real observed (distorted) image coordinates. Similarly, ( x, y ) are ideal (distortion-free) and ( x ~, y ~ ) are real (distorted) image physical coordinates. Taking into account two expansion terms gives the following: x ~ = x * ( 1 + k1 * r^2 + k2 * r^4 ) + [ 2 p1 * x * y + p2 * ( r^2 + 2 * x^2 ) ] y ~ = y * ( 1 + k1 * r^2 + k2 * r^4 ] + [ 2 p2 * x * y + p2 * ( r^2 + 2 * y^2 ) ], where r = sqrt( x^2 + y^2 ). ... "Because u ~ = cx + fx * u and v ~ = cy + fy * v , … the resultant system can be rewritten as follows: u ~ = u + ( u – cx ) * [ k1 * r^2 + k2 * r^4 + 2 * p1 * y + p2 * ( r^2 / x + 2 * x ) ] v ~ = v + ( v – cy ) * [ k1 * r^2 + k2 * r^4 + 2 * p2 * x + p1 * ( r^2 / y + 2 * y ) ] The latter relations are used to undistort images from the camera." Well, it would appear that the expressions involving x ~ and y ~ coincided with the two expressions given at the top of this writing involving xcorrected and ycorrected. However, x ~ and y ~ do not refer to corrected coordinates, according to the given description. I don't understand the distinction between the meaning of the coordinates ( x ~, y ~ ) and ( u ~, v ~ ), or for that matter, between the pairs ( x, y ) and ( u, v ). From their descriptions it appears their only distinction is that ( x ~, y ~ ) and ( x, y ) refer to 'physical' coordinates while ( u ~, v ~ ) and ( u, v ) do not. What is this distinction all about? Aren't they all physical coordinates? I'm lost! Thanks for any input!

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  • SVG: About using <defs> and <use> with variable text values

    - by Lukman
    Hi, I have the following SVG source code that generates a number of boxes with texts: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20050904/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="600" height="600"> <defs> </defs> <title>Draw</title> <g transform="translate(50,40)"> <rect width="80" height="30" x="0" y="-20" style="stroke: black; stroke-opacity: 1; stroke-width: 1; fill: #9dc2de" /> <text text-anchor="middle" x="40">Text</text> </g> <g transform="translate(150,40)"> <rect width="80" height="30" x="0" y="-20" style="stroke: black; stroke-opacity: 1; stroke-width: 1; fill: #9dc2de" /> <text text-anchor="middle" x="40">Text 2</text> </g> <g transform="translate(250,40)"> <rect width="80" height="30" x="0" y="-20" style="stroke: black; stroke-opacity: 1; stroke-width: 1; fill: #9dc2de" /> <text text-anchor="middle" x="40">Text 3</text> </g> </svg> As you can see, I repeated the <g></g> three times to get three such boxes, when SVG has <defs> and <use> elements that allow reusing elements using id references instead of repeating their definitions. Something like: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20050904/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="600" height="600"> <defs> <marker style="overflow:visible;fill:inherit;stroke:inherit" id="Arrow1Mend" refX="0.0" refY="0.0" orient="auto"> <path transform="scale(0.4) rotate(180) translate(20,0)" style="fill-rule:evenodd;stroke-width:2.0pt;marker-start:none;" d="M 0.0,-15.0 L -20.5,0.0 L 0.0,15.0 "/> </marker> <line marker-end="url(#Arrow1Mend)" id="systemthread" x1="40" y1="10" x2="40" y2="410" style="stroke: black; stroke-dasharray: 5, 5; stroke-width: 1; "/> </defs> <title>Draw</title> <use xlink:href="#systemthread" transform="translate(50,40)" /> <use xlink:href="#systemthread" transform="translate(150,40)" /> <use xlink:href="#systemthread" transform="translate(250,40)" /> </svg> Unfortunately I can't do this with the first SVG code since I need the texts to be different for each box, while the <use> tag simply duplicates 100% what's defined in <defs>. Is there any way to use <defs> and <use> with some kind of parameters/arguments mechanism like function calls?

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  • When should I use indexed arrays of OpenGL vertices?

    - by Tartley
    I'm trying to get a clear idea of when I should be using indexed arrays of OpenGL vertices, drawn with gl[Multi]DrawElements and the like, versus when I should simply use contiguous arrays of vertices, drawn with gl[Multi]DrawArrays. (Update: The consensus in the replies I got is that one should always be using indexed vertices.) I have gone back and forth on this issue several times, so I'm going to outline my current understanding, in the hopes someone can either tell me I'm now finally more or less correct, or else point out where my remaining misunderstandings are. Specifically, I have three conclusions, in bold. Please correct them if they are wrong. One simple case is if my geometry consists of meshes to form curved surfaces. In this case, the vertices in the middle of the mesh will have identical attributes (position, normal, color, texture coord, etc) for every triangle which uses the vertex. This leads me to conclude that: 1. For geometry with few seams, indexed arrays are a big win. Follow rule 1 always, except: For geometry that is very 'blocky', in which every edge represents a seam, the benefit of indexed arrays is less obvious. To take a simple cube as an example, although each vertex is used in three different faces, we can't share vertices between them, because for a single vertex, the surface normals (and possible other things, like color and texture co-ord) will differ on each face. Hence we need to explicitly introduce redundant vertex positions into our array, so that the same position can be used several times with different normals, etc. This means that indexed arrays are of less use. e.g. When rendering a single face of a cube: 0 1 o---o |\ | | \ | | \| o---o 3 2 (this can be considered in isolation, because the seams between this face and all adjacent faces mean than none of these vertices can be shared between faces) if rendering using GL_TRIANGLE_FAN (or _STRIP), then each face of the cube can be rendered thus: verts = [v0, v1, v2, v3] colors = [c0, c0, c0, c0] normal = [n0, n0, n0, n0] Adding indices does not allow us to simplify this. From this I conclude that: 2. When rendering geometry which is all seams or mostly seams, when using GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP or _FAN, then I should never use indexed arrays, and should instead always use gl[Multi]DrawArrays. (Update: Replies indicate that this conclusion is wrong. Even though indices don't allow us to reduce the size of the arrays here, they should still be used because of other performance benefits, as discussed in the comments) The only exception to rule 2 is: When using GL_TRIANGLES (instead of strips or fans), then half of the vertices can still be re-used twice, with identical normals and colors, etc, because each cube face is rendered as two separate triangles. Again, for the same single cube face: 0 1 o---o |\ | | \ | | \| o---o 3 2 Without indices, using GL_TRIANGLES, the arrays would be something like: verts = [v0, v1, v2, v2, v3, v0] normals = [n0, n0, n0, n0, n0, n0] colors = [c0, c0, c0, c0, c0, c0] Since a vertex and a normal are often 3 floats each, and a color is often 3 bytes, that gives, for each cube face, about: verts = 6 * 3 floats = 18 floats normals = 6 * 3 floats = 18 floats colors = 6 * 3 bytes = 18 bytes = 36 floats and 18 bytes per cube face. (I understand the number of bytes might change if different types are used, the exact figures are just for illustration.) With indices, we can simplify this a little, giving: verts = [v0, v1, v2, v3] (4 * 3 = 12 floats) normals = [n0, n0, n0, n0] (4 * 3 = 12 floats) colors = [c0, c0, c0, c0] (4 * 3 = 12 bytes) indices = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0] (6 shorts) = 24 floats + 12 bytes, and maybe 6 shorts, per cube face. See how in the latter case, vertices 0 and 2 are used twice, but only represented once in each of the verts, normals and colors arrays. This sounds like a small win for using indices, even in the extreme case of every single geometry edge being a seam. This leads me to conclude that: 3. When using GL_TRIANGLES, one should always use indexed arrays, even for geometry which is all seams. Please correct my conclusions in bold if they are wrong.

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  • how to use ggplot conditional on data

    - by Andreas
    I asked this question and it seams ggplot2 currently has a bug with empty data.frames. Therefore I am trying to check if the dataframe is empty, before I make the plot. But what ever I come up with, it gets really ugly, and doesn't work. So I am asking for your help. example data: SOdata <- structure(list(id = 10:55, one = c(7L, 8L, 7L, NA, 7L, 8L, 5L, 7L, 7L, 8L, NA, 10L, 8L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 6L, 5L, 6L, 8L, 4L, 7L, 6L, 9L, 7L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 6L, 5L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 6L, 8L, 6L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 5L, 8L), two = c(7L, NA, 8L, NA, 10L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 4L, 10L, NA, 10L, 9L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 9L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 10L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 7L, 9L), three = c(7L, 10L, 7L, NA, 10L, 10L, NA, 10L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 10L, NA, NA, 4L, NA, 7L, 7L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 4L, 7L, NA, 10L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L), four = c(7L, 10L, 4L, NA, 10L, 7L, NA, 7L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 10L, NA, NA, 4L, NA, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 7L, 7L, NA, 10L, 7L, 4L, 10L, 4L, 7L, 10L, 2L, 10L, 4L, 12L, 4L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 12L, 12L, 4L, 7L, 10L), five = c(7L, NA, 6L, NA, 8L, 8L, 7L, NA, 9L, NA, NA, NA, 9L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 7L, 8L, NA, NA, 7L, 7L, 4L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 5L, 6L, 5L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 9L, NA, 10L, 7L, 8L, 5L, 7L, 10L, 7L, 4L, 5L, 10L), six = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L), .Label = c("2010-05-25", "2010-05-27", "2010-06-07"), class = "factor"), seven = c(0.777777777777778, 0.833333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 0.888888888888889, 0.5, 0.888888888888889, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.277777777777778, 0.611111111111111, 0.722222222222222, 1, 0.888888888888889, 0.722222222222222, 0.555555555555556, NA, 0, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.722222222222222, 0.833333333333333, 0.888888888888889, 0.666666666666667, 1, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.5, 0.833333333333333, 0.722222222222222, 0.388888888888889, 0.722222222222222, 1, 0.611111111111111, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.944444444444444, 0.555555555555556, 0.666666666666667, 0.722222222222222, 0.444444444444444, 0.333333333333333, 0.777777777777778), eight = c(0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 1, 1, 0.833333333333333, 0.166666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 1, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.5, 0, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0, 0.833333333333333, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 1, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667), nine = c(0.307692307692308, NA, 0.461538461538462, 0.538461538461538, 1, 0.769230769230769, 0.538461538461538, 0.692307692307692, 0, 0.153846153846154, 0.769230769230769, NA, 0.461538461538462, NA, NA, NA, NA, 0, 0.615384615384615, 0.615384615384615, 0.769230769230769, 0.384615384615385, 0.846153846153846, 0.923076923076923, 0.615384615384615, 0.692307692307692, 0.0769230769230769, 0.846153846153846, 0.384615384615385, 0.384615384615385, 0.461538461538462, 0.384615384615385, 0.461538461538462, NA, 0.923076923076923, 0.692307692307692, 0.615384615384615, 0.615384615384615, 0.769230769230769, 0.0769230769230769, 0.230769230769231, 0.692307692307692, 0.769230769230769, 0.230769230769231, 0.769230769230769, 0.615384615384615), ten = c(0.875, 0.625, 0.375, 0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 0.625, 0.875, 1, 0.125, 1, NA, 0.625, 0.75, 0.75, 0.375, NA, 0.625, 0.5, 0.75, 0.875, 0.625, 0.875, 0.75, 0.625, 0.875, 0.5, 0.75, 0, 0.5, 0.875, 1, 0.75, 0.125, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.625, 0.375, 0.625, 0.625, 0.75, 0.875, 0.375, 0, 0.875), elleven = c(1, 0.8, 0.7, 0.9, 0, 1, 0.9, 0.5, 0, 0.8, 0.8, NA, 0.8, NA, NA, 0.8, NA, 0.4, 0.8, 0.5, 1, 0.4, 0.5, 0.9, 0.8, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.3, 0.9, 0.2, 1, 0.8, 0.1, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 0.9, 0.6, 0.8, 0.2, 1), twelve = c(0.666666666666667, NA, 0.133333333333333, 1, 1, 0.8, 0.4, 0.733333333333333, NA, 0.933333333333333, NA, NA, 0.6, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0, 0.6, 0.533333333333333, 0.733333333333333, 0.6, 0.733333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.533333333333333, 0.733333333333333, 0.466666666666667, 0.733333333333333, 1, 0.733333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0.533333333333333, 0.6, 0.866666666666667, 0.466666666666667, 0.533333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 0.6, 0.6, 0.866666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.6, 0.6, 0.533333333333333)), .Names = c("id", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "elleven", "twelve"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -46L)) And the plot iqr <- function(x, ...) { qs <- quantile(as.numeric(x), c(0.25, 0.5, 0.75), na.rm = T) names(qs) <- c("ymin", "y", "ymax") qs } magic <- function(y, ...) { high <- median(SOdata[[y]], na.rm=T)+1.5*sd(SOdata[[y]],na.rm=T) low <- median(SOdata[[y]], na.rm=T)-1.5*sd(SOdata[[y]],na.rm=T) ggplot(SOdata, aes_string(x="six", y=y))+ stat_summary(fun.data="iqr", geom="crossbar", fill="grey", alpha=0.3)+ geom_point(data = SOdata[SOdata[[y]] > high,], position=position_jitter(w=0.1, h=0),col="green", alpha=0.5)+ geom_point(data = SOdata[SOdata[[y]] < low,], position=position_jitter(w=0.1, h=0),col="red", alpha=0.5)+ stat_summary(fun.y=median, geom="point",shape=18 ,size=4, col="orange") } for (i in names(SOdata)[-c(1,7)]) { p<- magic(i) ggsave(paste("magig_plot_",i,".png",sep=""), plot=p, height=3.5, width=5.5) } The problem is that sometimes in the call to geom_point the subset returns an empty dataframe, which sometimes (!) causes ggplot2 to plot all the data instead of none of the data. geom_point(data = SOdata[SOdata[[y]] > high,], position=position_jitter(w=0.1, h=0),col="green", alpha=0.5)+ This is kindda of important to me, and I am really stuck trying to find a solution. Any help that will get me started is much appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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