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• Windows 7 setup can not find hard disk

  - by Akshay Kulkarni

  Previously I had an old Seagate barracuda 160GB HDD which got crashed some days before. Yesterday I bought new Hard Disk Seagate Barracuda 500GB (ST500DM002). I just replaced the 500GB hard disk with 160GB one leaving data and power cable intact and untouched. And ideally this new hard disk should start functioning. I tried to install Windows 7 with DVD the setup says you don't have any hard disks installed on your machine. I rechecked connection tried with Win XP setup but continued receiving same error. Do I need to do some initialization stuff with hard disk before installing setup? If so how to do it. If not then is there any problem with my newly bought hard disk? Thanks In Advance.

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• mac external-hard-disk "software update"

  - by Pietro

  When I make a software update, the files are downloaded on my MacBook's internal hard disk. How can I set a different hard disk as default? I suppose the files related to the software update are compressed packages that have to be saved, opened and decompressed. I would like to use the internal HD just to update MacOS, without storing any temporary files. Thank you! Pietro MacBook Pro 2009, 256 GB SSD, MacOSX 10.6.4

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• How would I force Debian to use the physical sector size on a hard disk?

  - by Confused User

  I just purchased a few new 3TB WD drives. These have physical 4k sectors, but there is some sort of layer which is providing 512B logical sectors (see the partition table below). In order to attempt to get some more speed out of my hard drives, I would like to get rid of this logical layer and actually use the physical 4k sectors. However, I can't figure out how to do this (or even if it's possible) from the man pages of fdisk and parted, or from searching Google. Does anybody know how this could be done? As to why this is relevant, this page demonstrates that meerly aligning the sectors properly can already make up to a 25% speed difference for reads, and more than 2500% for writes in some cases! Getting rid of the logical sectors in favor of the physicals ones should improve speeds even more. Thanks! $ parted /dev/sdc GNU Parted 2.3 Using /dev/sdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) print Model: ATA WDC WD30EZRX-00M (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 3001GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 3001GB 3001GB zfs 9 3001GB 3001GB 8389kB P.S. I don't care about the data on the drives, I was just playing with different file systems. Also, this is my first time posting here, so please let me know if my posts should be formatted differently, etc.

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• Is my disk hot or not?

  - by adriangrigore

  I am trying to figure out the temperature of my dedicated server's harddisk. For this purpose, I've downloaded HDTune to monitor the S.M.A.R.T. Status. The problem is that the current temperature for "C2 Temperature" is 73 degrees celsius, but the little thermometer on top of the window shows 27 degrees celsius. See this screenshot: http://screencast.com/t/OGJhZGIxND Another monitoring software (Anfibia Reactor) shows similar behavior: Disk temperature is around 30 degrees, but it says that the disk is too hot. So, is my disk hot or not? Since this is a dedicated server, I can't just open the case and put a thumb on it.

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• Software or testing pipeline for testing multiple hard drives

  - by lions_leash

  I have a whole bunch of hard drives (maybe 10 or so) from a variety of sources that I'd like to test. If they work, I will put them in use and/or give them away. I was going to simply open up one of my machines and plug each one in, one at a time, and troubleshoot from there. Is there a way (or set of tools) that I can use to make this process easier and/or faster?

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• What's the best way to partition an SSD?

  - by Sander Rijken

  In case you're creating one partition, should it be as big as possible, or should a certain percentage of space be left unpartitioned?

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• Laptop harddisk produces clicking sound

  - by Alfred James

  This happens when I am booting up into windows, shutdown or things in which I access the harddrive excessively. It doesn't happen all the time. I have checked it with "Crystal disk Info" and it displays no problem, and shows HDD to perfectly fine. Should I be worried about my HDD? I have Hitachi HDD in laptop. Some times my harddrive temps reach upto 43C while watching movies or playing games. What are the normal temps, which are safe for HDD to operate and increase the lifetime of HDD. Thanks

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• Strange performance from RAID5 using WD RE4 disks

  - by Howard

  I've noticed a bit of a performance issue with some WD RE4 drives I'm using under AMD's hardware RAID solution. First a bit of background: Environment: Windows 7 home premium x64 HDD's: 3x 1TB WD Raid Edition 4 in a RAID 5 setup with 128 kbyte stripe (2TB usable space) Testing Tool: HD Tune, process set to "High Priority" Processor: AMD Phenom II x6 1100T Ram: 16GB DDR3/1600mhz Motherboard: MSI 970A-G45 The image below pretty much depicts the issue I'm having. Every test has the same thing, a period of similar length where the performance drops to a few megabytes a second. This can't be a TLER issue as the purpose of RE4's is to work around that. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Enabling DMA in pc with windows 7

  - by Mugen

  I was checking my pc settings using AIDA64 (supposed to be the successor for Everest - it basically shows you detailed hardware you currently have). For my ATA hard disk it shows the setting for DMA as "supported, disabled". But when I checked the windows setting I see that it is actually enabled. How can I find out which is correct? And if its disabled what do I do to enable it? Thanks for your help. Here are some screenshots for this:

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• Cannot assign a letter to a FAT32 partition

  - by Toc

  I have an external hard disk where I have created many partitions to use also in Linux. First two partitions are FAT32. The third is a Truecrypt partition. I cannot assign a letter to the second partition. When I go to Manage disk and right-click on the unassigned partition, most of the options are not enabled. What have I to do to see this partition on my XP PC?

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• Resize a RAID 1 volume on OS X Snow Leopard - how? (Note: software raid)

  - by Emmel

  I've scoured the Internet in search of an answer to this question, and as usual with OSX-related topics, I often don't find any deep-dive technical explanations sufficient enough to feel confident doing dangerous things. Here is my question: I have a Mac Pro, running OS X 10.6.2. I have, as my main root/boot disk, a RAID 1 volume called "Mirror1". Mirror1 is comprised of two 1 TB disks. Mirror1, however, is fixed at 640 GB. That's because, I originally took a 640GB disk, bought a terabyte disk, mirrored it (using diskutil appleraid enable), when it synced I removed the 640GB and replaced it with a second 1 TB disk, and synced again. Voila! A single 640 GB replaced by two 1 TB disks in a mirror.. Actually, no. There's still something missing from the equation: Mirror1 needs to be expanded from 640GB to 1 TB to match the partition sizes on each of those disks. How do I do this? Perhaps the diskutil output will help: -> diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk1s3 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *640.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Mac Disk 2 536.7 GB disk2s2 3: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 103.1 GB disk2s3 /dev/disk3 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Mirror1 *639.8 GB disk3 -> diskutil appleraid list AppleRAID sets (1 found) =============================================================================== Name: Macintosh HD Unique ID: 1953F864-B474-4EB6-8E69-41834EBD0247 Type: Mirror Status: Online Size: 639.8 GB (639791038464 Bytes) Rebuild: manual Device Node: disk3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Device Node UUID Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 disk1s2 25109BAE-5697-40EA-B612-0217851444F7 Online 1 disk0s2 11B83AB0-8148-4DB6-8761-DEF08C855F8D Online =============================================================================== Thanks in advance.

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• Problem with gmailfs

  - by user35529

  Hello(????????????) I've got a little with gmailfs. I'm trying to mount gmail accout as a local file system on my Debian Lenny using the following command. mount -t gmailfs none /mnt/gmail -o [email protected],password=mypassword,fsname=SixSixSix But it gives my garbage like this Ignored option :rw Traceback (most recent call last): File "/sbin/mount.gmailfs", line 166, in <module> main(mountpoint, namedOptions, useEncfs) File "/sbin/mount.gmailfs", line 92, in main gmailfs.main(mountpoint, namedOptions) File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gmailfs.py", line 1175, in main server = Gmailfs(namedOptions,mountpoint,version="gmailfs 0.8.0",usage='',dash_s_do='setsingle') File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gmailfs.py", line 611, in __init__ self.ga.login() File "/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/libgmail.py", line 316, in login raise GmailLoginFailure("Login failed. (Wrong username/password?)") libgmail.GmailLoginFailure: 'Login failed. (Wrong username/password?)' Username and Password are totally correct.

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• Sd card bigger than 2gb is not recognized in ubuntu 12.04

  - by dex1

  When I insert a card up to 2gb it is immediately seen by the system but if try it with bigger one it's not seen. I presume the issue is not due to the card reader itself as it reads all cards under windows 7 but due to linux driver. I could see some people having similar issues but no solution. Any help appreciated. GParted doesnt see cards bigger than 2gb. After insertion small card ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ dmesg [10169.384481] mmc0: new SD card at address a95c [10169.384870] mmcblk0: mmc0:a95c SD016 14.0 MiB [10169.386715] mmcblk0: p1 everything worked fine then I removed the small one and put 8gb, waited for 2min [10295.736422] mmc0: card a95c removed [10362.448383] sdhci: Switching to 1.8V signalling voltage failed, retrying with S18R set to 0 [10372.480076] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10382.496146] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10392.512149] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10402.528145] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10402.529267] mmc0: error -110 whilst initialising SD card [10402.748807] sdhci: Switching to 1.8V signalling voltage failed, retrying with S18R set to 0 [10412.768063] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10422.784051] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10432.800076] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10442.816067] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10442.817165] mmc0: error -110 whilst initialising SD card [10443.040805] sdhci: Switching to 1.8V signalling voltage failed, retrying with S18R set to 0 [10453.056145] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10463.072139] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10473.088050] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10483.104046] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. [10483.104107] mmc0: error -110 whilst initialising SD card [10483.328960] sdhci: Switching to 1.8V signalling voltage failed, retrying with S18R set to 0 [10493.344144] mmc0: Timeout waiting for hardware interrupt. ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile PM965/GM965/GL960 Memory Controller Hub (rev 03) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller (primary) (rev 03) 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller (secondary) (rev 03) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 03) 00:1a.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 03) 00:1a.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 03) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 4 (rev 03) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 5 (rev 03) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 6 (rev 03) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 03) 00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 03) 00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 03) 00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 03) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev f3) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801HM (ICH8M) LPC Interface Controller (rev 03) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) IDE Controller (rev 03) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 03) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 03) 07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88E8072 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 16) 0a:01.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) 0a:01.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 02) 0a:01.3 Mass storage controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) Same cards, same machine (same reader) only different OS(win7) work flawlessly. Some interesting reading I came across but is Chinese for me http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg14598.html and another bit http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mmc/11973/match=sd+card+not+recognized

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• Adding Extra Hard Drives Debian Fdisk

  - by Belgin Fish

  well I just got a new server and it's a little different than what I'm use to, when I run cfdisk I get WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdb: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdd'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdd: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdf'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdf: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sde'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sde: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Usually it tells me which ones arn't partitioned and stuff, and I only have 6 drives in my server and there's 6 showing up here so I'm only assuming the first ones already mounted and formatted correctly? I'm not really sure if anyone would help me out here. Basically I just want to format and mount these drives :)

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• Debian Harddrive Fdisk - Same ID's and changing letters

  - by James Willson

  I am trying to create and install a debain NAS and ive been having a hard time because I am new to all of this. I used ntfs-3g in order to automount my 4 NTFS drives. I also have a partitioned harddrive which is for the OS. When I was working on it and I ran this command I got this: fdisk -l /dev/sdae1 fdisk -l | grep NTFS /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 The weird thing is, all of the NTFS harddrives listed had an ID of 7. The next time I boot up my machine, I get an error about mounting /dev/sda1 and I run this command, and get the following results: fdisk -l | grep NTFS /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 I havent plugged in any drives, so whats going on? How to I make sure that my drives are mounted with the same sdXX name every time, and is the reason for this because they dont have unique ID numbers, if so, how do I solve this?

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• Server hard disk read speed and client download speed, is there a connection? [closed]

  - by Mywiki Witwiki

  Ok so a client's download speed is only as fast as a server's upload speed, and vice versa. Based on the answers to this post: Does upload speed depend upon download speed of the server? In other words, the data transfer rate between the two computers is only as fast as the speed of the "bottleneck". Let's pretend the two computers are in two different networks and both have 100Mbps internet connection. Ben wants a copy of a file in Mark's computer hard disk with 30Mbps read speed. Does this mean that Ben can download the file at a speed of around 30Mbps only, despite having an internet connection faster than 30Mbps?

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• How to check DVD integrity at max read speed of DVD writer

  - by ashishsony

  I need to check the integrity of burned DVDs so that I can be sure about my backed-up data. I use DL-DVDs to take the backup. Earlier I used VSO Inspector software for the same but the day I switched to DL-DVDs the VSO Inspector gives me errors upon checking. I think the errors are because the switching of layer writing involves some dummy data somewhere. Secondly, it's damned slow for checking. I believe if there is a utility that can read all files (not the disk surface) and report if some files are unreadable would do the job. But it should be quick! Nobody wants to sit for disk checking for 3-4 hours after a quick 30 min data burn! I am looking for such a utility on Windows or Linux. Even scripts (python, etc) will do. I just want to be assured that the data is safe. Can someone help me in this? Thanks.

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• HD latency measurement using bonnie++ on different machines with different RAM size

  - by j0nes

  Hello, I have run bonnie++ v1.96 on two different servers without any additional load. One server is a "physical" Dell server with 32GB RAM, the other one is a virtual instance with 14GB RAM. I have read in the bonnie manuals that I should use two times the size of RAM in my bonnie runs, so I used 64GB on the physical machine and 28GB on the virtual machine. Now I want to compare the results, and I am wondering whether the results are comparable at all. The most interesting part is the latency part - on the physical machine, the values are about 10 times higher than on the virtual machine! Can I take these results seriously (e.g. the virtual machine HD is much much faster) or does the different RAM size tamper the results? Thanks! Jonas

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• What if I dismount main volume, where the Windows is installed

  - by ST3

  I'm writing permanent file deletion tool and accessing raw disk clusters. Since Windows Vista writing into raw disk is a bit more complicated. I have tried on my external data device first and worked fine, however one of the steps was dismounting of the volume, not sure if it is a good idea to dismount main volume where the Windows are. Want to ask that is possible consequences and if it safe/unsafe/very unsafe.

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• Clicking or Knocking with Seagate HD

  - by Daniel A. White

  My laptop's main HD makes a clicking or knocking sound when Windows or the Bios tries to access it. I put it into a SATA dock and it sounds perfectly fine when spinning up, but after Windows tries to access it, it becomes a repetitive clicking or knocking sound. Does anyone know any tips that might help me access my data? I have most of it backed up, but I would still like to Ghost it before I send it off for repairs. I know my laptop is still under warranty.

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• SATA 3 hard drives

  - by Srin

  Do we have any SATA 3 (6GB/s) hard drives in the market for laptops. i tried searching in google shopping, but didnt find any.. Thanks! Srin

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• mdadm: Win7-install created a boot partition on one of my RAID6 drives. How to rebuild?

  - by EXIT_FAILURE

  My problem happened when I attempted to install Windows 7 on it's own SSD. The Linux OS I used which has knowledge of the software RAID system is on a SSD that I disconnected prior to the install. This was so that windows (or I) wouldn't inadvertently mess it up. However, and in retrospect, foolishly, I left the RAID disks connected, thinking that windows wouldn't be so ridiculous as to mess with a HDD that it sees as just unallocated space. Boy was I wrong! After copying over the installation files to the SSD (as expected and desired), it also created an ntfs partition on one of the RAID disks. Both unexpected and totally undesired! . I changed out the SSDs again, and booted up in linux. mdadm didn't seem to have any problem assembling the array as before, but if I tried to mount the array, I got the error message: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so dmesg: EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I then used qparted to delete the newly created ntfs partition on /dev/sdd so that it matched the other three /dev/sd{b,c,e}, and requested a resync of my array with echo repair > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action This took around 4 hours, and upon completion, dmesg reports: md: md0: requested-resync done. A bit brief after a 4-hour task, though I'm unsure as to where other log files exist (I also seem to have messed up my sendmail configuration). In any case: No change reported according to mdadm, everything checks out. mdadm -D /dev/md0 still reports: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Wed May 23 22:18:45 2012 Raid Level : raid6 Array Size : 3907026848 (3726.03 GiB 4000.80 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953513424 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon May 26 12:41:58 2014 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 4K Name : okamilinkun:0 UUID : 0c97ebf3:098864d8:126f44e3:e4337102 Events : 423 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb 1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc 2 8 48 2 active sync /dev/sdd 3 8 64 3 active sync /dev/sde Trying to mount it still reports: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so and dmesg: EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I'm a bit unsure where to proceed from here, and trying stuff "to see if it works" is a bit too risky for me. This is what I suggest I should attempt to do: Tell mdadm that /dev/sdd (the one that windows wrote into) isn't reliable anymore, pretend it is newly re-introduced to the array, and reconstruct its content based on the other three drives. I also could be totally wrong in my assumptions, that the creation of the ntfs partition on /dev/sdd and subsequent deletion has changed something that cannot be fixed this way. My question: Help, what should I do? If I should do what I suggested , how do I do that? From reading documentation, etc, I would think maybe: mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --set-faulty /dev/sdd mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdd mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --re-add /dev/sdd However, the documentation examples suggest /dev/sdd1, which seems strange to me, as there is no partition there as far as linux is concerned, just unallocated space. Maybe these commands won't work without. Maybe it makes sense to mirror the partition table of one of the other raid devices that weren't touched, before --re-add. Something like: sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdd Bonus question: Why would the Windows 7 installation do something so st...potentially dangerous? Update I went ahead and marked /dev/sdd as faulty, and removed it (not physically) from the array: # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --set-faulty /dev/sdd # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sdd However, attempting to --re-add was disallowed: # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --re-add /dev/sdd mdadm: --re-add for /dev/sdd to /dev/md0 is not possible --add, was fine. # mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd mdadm -D /dev/md0 now reports the state as clean, degraded, recovering, and /dev/sdd as spare rebuilding. /proc/mdstat shows the recovery progress: md0 : active raid6 sdd[4] sdc[1] sde[3] sdb[0] 3907026848 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 4k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UU_U] [>....................] recovery = 2.1% (42887780/1953513424) finish=348.7min speed=91297K/sec nmon also shows expected output: ¦sdb 0% 87.3 0.0| > |¦ ¦sdc 71% 109.1 0.0|RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR > |¦ ¦sdd 40% 0.0 87.3|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW > |¦ ¦sde 0% 87.3 0.0|> || It looks good so far. Crossing my fingers for another five+ hours :) Update 2 The recovery of /dev/sdd finished, with dmesg output: [44972.599552] md: md0: recovery done. [44972.682811] RAID conf printout: [44972.682815] --- level:6 rd:4 wd:4 [44972.682817] disk 0, o:1, dev:sdb [44972.682819] disk 1, o:1, dev:sdc [44972.682820] disk 2, o:1, dev:sdd [44972.682821] disk 3, o:1, dev:sde Attempting mount /dev/md0 reports: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so And on dmesg: [44984.159908] EXT4-fs (md0): ext4_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 0 not in group (block 1318081259)! [44984.159912] EXT4-fs (md0): group descriptors corrupted! I'm not sure what do do now. Suggestions? Output of dumpe2fs /dev/md0: dumpe2fs 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013) Filesystem volume name: Atlas Last mounted on: /mnt/atlas Filesystem UUID: e7bfb6a4-c907-4aa0-9b55-9528817bfd70 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 244195328 Block count: 976756712 Reserved block count: 48837835 Free blocks: 92000180 Free inodes: 243414877 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 791 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8192 Inode blocks per group: 512 RAID stripe width: 2 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Thu May 24 07:22:41 2012 Last mount time: Sun May 25 23:44:38 2014 Last write time: Sun May 25 23:46:42 2014 Mount count: 341 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Thu May 24 07:22:41 2012 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Lifetime writes: 4357 GB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: e177a374-0b90-4eaa-b78f-d734aae13051 Journal backup: inode blocks dumpe2fs: Corrupt extent header while reading journal super block

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• is a mini PCIe SSD worth it?

  - by Narcolapser

  Question: Is getting a mini-PCIe worth investing in? Info: I have a an Acer Aspire 1 n270. It has this mini PCIe slot that is just sitting there empty. I would like to change this, and I would like to speed up my boot time. So I've been considering getting a mini-PCIe SSD. They are about the same price as faster same size drives of the 2.5" variation. The advantage of the mini-PCIe card is that I can have my HDD still. So I have good boot time, but still have the storage of my HDD. What I want to know is: will this allow me to spin down the HDD more often allowing me to save power? Will the OS (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS) see them as separate drives? Is there anything that the mini-PCIe slot could be better used for? Thanks. ~n

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• How to mount a CD/DVD ISO in Windows 7?

  - by Jim McKeeth

  Does Windows 7 have native support for mounting CD/DVD ISO images? If not, what is the best tool to use for that under Windows 7 64-bit? I am looking for a solution to allow installing MSDN downloads without burning them to CD/DVD.

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• Should I partition a 1TB Hard Disk whose primary use is media storage?

  - by Senthil

  I am going to get a 1TB hard disk. I will be storing 1080p or 720p movies, high-bitrate music and pictures in it. I use my PC 90% of the time only to play/listen/see those. I am running out of space in my current HD so I am getting another one. My specs are 2.7GHz Dual Core, 512MB GeForce 9400GT, 2GB DDR2 RAM and all the proper matroska codecs/players. I guess that is enough to play 1080p movies withough a glitch, given an ideal hard disk. I've read about proper partitioning giving performance improvement etc.. I don't want my hard disk to be the bottleneck. Can someone tell me whether I should partition my 1TB hard disk into many drives? If I should, what is the ideal size of each partition? Smooth playing of movies is very important to me. Once I start filling up the disk, there is no turning back. So I want to get it right before I start. Thanks.

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