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• What if a computer with Ethernet

  - by George Nixon

  I'm just revising for an exam on Networks and Data Communications, and there's one thing I don't get about CSMA/CD and Ethernet. It's supposed to be fairly stable, for instance if a computer drops out of the network, it's not a problem like it might be in a token ring network (I think). But Ethernet works by all the other computers waiting for the currently transmitting computer to finish what it's doing, and then the others use CMSA/CD to determine who goes next. What if one computer malfunctioned and kept sending a continuous stream of data in an infinite loop? In fact, is there a standard time for pcs to transmit before they yield to others?

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• What differences are there between an official Ubuntu AMI image and a base install from an ISO?

  - by David Winter

  When creating a new instance on AWS using an official Ubuntu 12.04 server AMI, what differences are there compared to if I was to do a standard server install on a computer of my own? For example, the default user is 'ubuntu'. An SSH public key is added to that users authorized_keys file. Sudo is passwordless for that user. PasswordAuthentication is disabled for SSH. etc etc. Configurations have been changed from their defaults, and I'd like to know if there is a list, or somewhere I could find out the modifications made.

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• low speed web application, Server problem or Application

  - by Ashian

  Hi, I have a web application written by asp.net (c#) sql server 2005. we host it on 2 dedicated server ( IIS and SQL server ) From some month ago , in some days of week we have many reports about speed issue. we have some other application on this server using same database. when we have speed problem all aplication on these server have this problem, but applications on other server in same data center work correctly. ram and cpu usage are ok. how can I check that the problem related to internet connection or my application design? which parameters must be checked. Some other information In applications users can upload several files to server , each file up to 3 MB. we use a sql web admin application, on same server that has same problem, this is a standard application which work perfectly on other servers. Thanks

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• Providing high availability and failover using MySQL on EC2

  - by crb

  I would like to have a highly-available MySQL system, with automatic failover, running on Amazon EC2 instances. The standard approach to solving this is problem Heartbeat + DRBD, but I've found a lot of posts suggesting DRBD doesn't work on EC2, though none saying exactly why. Obviously, a serial heartbeat or distinct network is out of the question in the virtualised environment. It would also be good to have the different servers be in different availability zones, but we're getting into a much harder problem there. What are peoples' opinion on having a high uptime solution in "the cloud"? Note: This question was asked before RDS with multi-AZ was announced, which is the nice automatic answer for today's modern IT professional. :)

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• WinXP password messed up after reset

  - by Mark Flint

  I changed my winXP logon password - but could not get in. Obviously I made the some mistake twice... caps lock or something but couldn't get the password. So I booted into safe mode, when into Users and changed the password. Now I when I restart I can get in at logon with my new password, but the standard screensaver - which used to be the same as my user logon - now is something different. I think it's still the previous one which I couldn't get right. Now when I go into Users (not in safe mode) and try and change the password I can't. It won't accept my new user logon which works fine when logging on. I think this too is still the previous one which I couldn't get right. How can I definitely reset the password so it works at logon, in the control panel/users, and the screensaver?

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• How to make PDF pages with U3D images print properly?

  - by David Thornley

  I'm creating some PDF files that have three-dimensional images (U3D) in them. When I bring them up in Acrobat, everything is fine until I try to print the file. If I've viewed a page, it prints fine, showing the U3D image as I last saw it. If I haven't viewed a page yet, the printout is blank. (I can demonstrate this right from the Print dialog, by previewing pages.) The only reference I've seen to printing U3D is in the PDF Standard, which says, basically, that this should work. It recommends "PV" or "PO" for the A key in the 3D activation dictionary, and I'm using libharu which uses "PV".

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• Server memory issues, and expected level of service from hosting company

  - by Greg

  I'm involved in maintaining an Ubuntu VPS which runs our django websites (nginx/apache/mod_wsgi) and we've been having some memory spikes which have either caused the database to die, or induced kernel panic when the memory management system can't find any killable processes. I'm working on fixing the memory spikes, but I'm wondering whether there's anything I can do to better deal with the problem if it occurs again. Are there any tools I could use to detect the memory spikes and then, say, kill the offending process and email the server admin to fix it up? Killing off one website so that the server can remain operational is certainly preferable to the whole thing falling over. Also, we were charged $600 for after-hours service because we had to get the hosting company to restart the server - is this standard practice among hosting companies? Another provider I work with provides a panel with which I can stop and start the server myself, and given that a restart was all that was needed, $600 seems mightily excessive. (That's NZD, it's around $445 USD)

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• Why is my DB read-only when attached to SQL Express, but not with SQL Web?

  - by David Rubin

  I have an .mdf/.ldf pair, originally created in 2008 R2 Standard, and well under 10GB, with ACLs: d:\db snapshot\DB_NAME.mdf SERVERNAME\SQLServerMSSQLUser$ACCOUNT$MSSQLSERVER:F OWNER RIGHTS:F BUILTIN\Administrators:F d:\db snapshot\DB_NAME_log.ldf SERVERNAME\SQLServerMSSQLUser$ACCOUNT$MSSQLSERVER:F OWNER RIGHTS:F BUILTIN\Administrators:F When I attach the database to an instance of SQL Express 2008 R2, it comes up as read-only. When exactly the same acls and user-accounts and SQLCMD statements are set up with SQL Web 2008 R2, it comes up writable. I looked at MSDN's comparison page but nothing jumped out at me. Why on earth is this happening? Thanks! UPDATE I just noticed that the name of the attached databases are different. On SQL Express (read-only) it matches the filename (e.g. DB_NAME); on SQL Web (writable) it matches the CUSTOM_NAME that I gave it in the attach command: CREATE DATABASE [CUSTOM_NAME] ON (FILENAME = 'PATH_TO_MDF'), (FILENAME = 'PATH_TO_LDF') FOR ATTACH

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• 2.5" SSD in a 3.5" desktop drive bay normal?

  - by Cory Petosky

  I'm a little out of touch with modern desktop builds, but I recently built a new machine anyway. I want to pick up a SSD for my I/O intensive apps (EverQuest 2 and Flash CS4 mostly), but I'm having trouble finding any in the 3.5" form factor. Is this expected, or do I fail at product search? And, if it is expected, do 2.5" SSDs come with an adapter to fit them in my desktop machine, or will I need to purchase one separately? And, finally, if I do need to purchase an adapter, are they pretty standard or are some better than others. General advice is most welcomed, though specific product recommendations in addition would be helpful!

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• Office 2010 always reconfiguring itself on startup

  - by Rhys Gibson

  I've just installed Office 2010 Professional Plus (upgrading from Office 2007). It works fine under my admin account, but when I login with my wifes non-admin account, every time I open a document or start an app (Word, Excel, Publisher ...) Office 2010 goes through its configuration process (starting the the standard install dialog and then running the bootstrap process) before it loads the app - which wastes 2-3 minutes. Once it's done this, the app runs fine and I can make setting changes that are remembered when it restarts, but I can't work out why it thinks it needs to configure the app each time. Any thoughts?

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• How to make the jump from consumer support to enterprise support?

  - by Zac Cramer

  I am currently a high level consumer break/fix technician responsible for about 300-400 repairs a month. I am good at my job, but bored, and I want to move into the enterprise side of my company, dealing with Server 2008 R2 and exchange and switches and routers that cost more than I make in a month. How do I make this transition? Whats the best thing to learn first? Is there a standard trajectory for making this leap from consumer to business? I am full time employed, so going back to school is not a great option, but I have no life, so spending my nights and weekends reading and practicing is totally within my realm. I am basically overwhelmed by the number of things to learn, and looking for any advice you may have on the best way to proceed. PS - I apologize if this is a not quite the right forum for this, I know its not a technical question exactly, but I also know the sorts of people I want to answer this question are reading this website.

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• ldirectord refusing connection when nginx redirects from http to https

  - by Adam

  I am running ldirector as a load balancer to an nginx front end server. If I setup a redirect from http to https and connect directly to the nginx server, all is well. Connecting via ldirector causes my connection to be refused. I can connect normally via http or https through ldirector when I don't have the redirect in place. To add to my confusion, if my application issues a redirect from http to https, it works. I am testing this via curl on the command line. (curl: (7) couldn't connect to host vs a response) I am using the standard ldirectord config (http://www.ultramonkey.org/3/topologies/config/lb/non-fwmark/linux-director/ldirectord.cf) the http and https parts. My nginx config for the redirect is simply: location / { rewrite ^(.*) https://$host$1 permanent; }

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• Deploy Jetty as port 80 daemon on Linux

  - by McKAMEY

  I'm curious what techniques you Linux admin gods are using to manage your Jetty deployments. I come from a Windows Server background so I'm still getting used to all of this. I've been looking for a good solution for deploying Jetty instances as port 80 on a Linux installation. So far I've seen this thread which allows Jetty to run as a daemon: http://jira.codehaus.org/browse/JETTY-458 And I've seen this thread which talks about alternates for setting up on port 80: http://wiki.eclipse.org/Jetty/Howto/Port80 These all seemed kind of hacky. Surely there is a relatively standard way of deploying a web server like Jetty on Linux. I'm currently using CentOS 5.5 but open to other distros. Thanks in advance.

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• Time difference between servers after disaster recovery

  - by Sandokan

  We are running an old training system based on Windows Server 2003 and XP-clients. The solution is rather simple with four servers, two of them beeing DC:s. Everything is preconfigured and that goes for backup scheme as well. The backup software is Symantec BackupExec 2010. The scheme is a standard GF-F-S routine with full backups running once a week on Sundays. The other six days run differential backups. Now let's say in a worst case scenario, a server crashes on Saturday and we have to restore it from backup. The last backup will then be six days old and thus it will come online with six days old configurations. Will this pose a problem for the other servers or will the recovered server "get in line" eventually?

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• 1tera flop cluster?

  - by Adobe

  I want to buy a $40000 1 tera flop cluster to keep it in a room. What are the standard configurations? Cluster is supposed to do molecular dynamics simulations on biological systems. I'm proposed a 4 pc with 8 cores each by the selling company I'm deadling with. It looks like I also need infiniband. Does some one has an experience -- what phisical memory should I buy etc? I know things change very quickly... Still there might be a point or two to state. Edit: OS is supposed to be linux, application is gromacs.

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• SSL Certificates, two-way authentication and loadbalancers

  - by 5arx

  We're looking to implement two-way authentication with client certificates for a privileged subset of our application users. The idea will be that if a certificate is detected the user will be asked for an additional password/PIN and that will be used to verify the certificate and user. Ordinary users will continue to authenticate themselves via the standard login mechanism. Our production environment (hosted by a well-known company) comprises load-balanced application servers and I'm unclear as to how this set-up will handle the certificates and I'm not certain if there are any pitfalls I should be aware of. I would very appreciate some thoughts, comments or real-world advice on the subject.

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• Windows diagnostic tools

  - by Tathagata

  I just joined a small computer lab which basically uses all Windows boxes and a few Windows Sever 2003. Coming from a *nix background I am missing all the nice tools that we have for diagnosis and troubleshooting. My question is what are the safe, free (not terribly concerned if it is like beer or freedom -both acceptable) tools out there that Windows system admins use for their day to day troubleshooting (network, applications, servers etc). I am aware of the tools that come with Windows (and their limited capabilites) - so my query is with what do you fill in your arsenal? (may be a list of win versions of tools that come in standard linux distros)

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• Cable installed - now my hub has no connection the router/modem - what do I need to buy?

  - by bcmcfc

  My previous setup was as follows: [modem/router]------[switch]+------ [pc1] +------ [pc2] I've just moved and had cable installed and I no longer have the option of running a lengthy LAN cable from the router to the switch to provide network and internet access to the two PCs. The cable company provided 2 wireless N USB adapters. What do I need to buy to plug into where in order to restore the network to its previous state? PC1 dual boots Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12. PC2 runs Debian 6. Edit: USB adapters - Netgear WNDA3200 Switch - TP-Link TL-SF1008D 8 port Ethernet switch Cabling - various patch cables cat5e rj45 Modem/Router - pretty standard cable company job - wireless Intention is something like- [modem/router] --wifi-- [some-new-hardware or perhaps to pc1] ----[switch]---[pc1/2]

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• Advanced merge directory tree with cp in Linux

  - by mtt

  I need to: Copy all of a tree's folders (with all files, including hidden) under /sourcefolder/* preserving user privileges to /destfolder/ If there is a conflict with a file (a file with the same name exists in destfolder), then rename file in destfolder with a standard rule, like add "old" prefix to filename (readme.txt will become oldreadme.txt) copy the conflicted file from source to destination Conflicts between folders should be transparent - if same directory exists in both sourcefolder and destfolder, then preserve it and recursively copy its content according to the above rules. I need also a .txt report that describes all files/folders added to destfolder and files that were renamed. How can I accomplish this?

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• Connect macbook to my LAN through a VPN - best solution?

  - by LewisMc

  So I have a LAN connected via a ADSL/PPPoA, this is using a bog-standard DLink router supplied by my ISP (talktalk UK). I have a NAS within the LAN that is running FreeNAS and I want to be able to connect to it when I'm out and about. It's running an atom so it's quite low on juice consumption but I don't want to have it on all day and night so I've been waking it via a magic packet and booting it down from the web admin when I need it. So I want to connect to the LAN, I presume via a VPN, to be able to send a magic packet. But what is the best method to accomplish this, or is there an easier way? I've been looking at the cisco 857 integrated router and the Netgear prosafe 318(behind modem) but not sure If I'm on the right track with what I want to achieve as I've not much experience or knowledge with VPN's or networking (software engineering student). I have tried port forwarding but to no avail, either with magic packets or even connecting outside the LAN via DYNDNS. Thanks,

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• Third-party Information Screen Opening Blank

  - by Jacob

  I'm working with a client who is trying to use our software, which accesses information (sends & receives) from a third-party website. When this client tries to access these pages, a window opens, as expected, but is completely blank and no error message is received. This is the first time I've seen this with many other clients successfully using this product, which leads me to believe that it has something to do with the settings on the computer somewhere, but cannot figure out what might be happening. Windows Server 2003 R2, Standard Edition, Service Pack 2. Firewall is already off. Tried AVG on & temporarily disabled.

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• Special function keys are mixed up on my Macbook Pro

  - by seanieb

  I recently sent my Macbook Pro (late 2008 model) to get a replaced logic board and top cover. When I got it back the Special function keys are mixed up. F3 - mutes sound - it should do expose f4 - decreases volume - it should show the dashboard f5 - increases volume ....etc, ... F11 - expose - it should decrease volume f12 - dashboard - it should increase volume I have checked and made sure that System PreferencesKeyboard"use all F keys as standard function keys" is not selected. And that no accessibility options are switched on either. How do I fix this? or should I bring it back to the repair shop? Thanks

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• Slackware 12 - installed cairo but cannot be seen

  - by piro

  Hi. I wanted to install gtk+ 2.16.5, so i also installed glib, pango and cairo. All seemed to work well, except for cairo. At first I got an error while configuring: Requested 'cairo = 1.6' but version of cairo is 1.4.12 I installed the newest version of cairo without any problems, i rebooted the comp and when i started the configure again the same thing happened and it showed me the same error. I also can see this: Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables BASE_DEPENDENCIES_CFLAGS and BASE_DEPENDENCIES_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config. See the pkg-config man page for more details. Can someone help me ? Thanks.

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• Why are hard drives moving to 4096 byte sectors, vs. 512 byte sectors?

  - by Chris W. Rea

  I've noticed that some Western Digital hard drives are now sporting 4K sectors, that is, the sectors are larger: 4096 bytes vs. the long-standing standard of 512 bytes. So: What's the big deal with 4K sectors? Is it marketing hype, or a real advantage? Why should somebody building a new PC care, or not, about 4K sectors? Why is this transition taking place now? Why didn't it happen sooner? Are there things to look out for when buying a 4K sector hard drive? e.g. incompatibility? Anything else we should know about 4K sectors?

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• Is email forwarding to the sender's address usually blocked in Mail servers / MTA ?

  - by codecowboy

  I've noticed that email forwarding to an address seems not to work if I send an email from the address to which I am forwarding email. This happens for GMail and Fasthosts mail servers. e.g I send an email to [email protected] from [email protected] , [email protected] is set to forward to [email protected] and the email never arrives. I realise this seems logical but it is a potential cause of confusion when testing email functionality in a web application (for me, anyway ;-). I would just like to know if this is standard for all MTA software so I can avoid confusing myself.

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