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  • Rotate image in Quartz? Image is upside down! (iPhone)

    - by Johannes Jensen
    I don't want to transform the ENTIRE context. I'm making a game with Quartz, and I'm drawing my player with lines, rects and ellipses. And then I have diamong.png which I rendered at 0,0 in the top left of the screen. Problem is... It renders upside down! How would I rotate it 180 degrees? Here's some of my code: CGImageRef diamondImage = CGImageRetain([UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile: [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Diamond.png" ofType:nil]].CGImage); CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, 32, 24), diamondImage); If it's of any help, I'm using Landscape mode, with home button to the right. It's defined both in my .plist, and in my ViewController's -shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:interfaceOrientation: How would I rotate/transform it?

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  • problems in trying ieee 802.15.4 working from msk

    - by asel
    Hi, i took a msk code from dsplog.com and tried to modify it to test the ieee 802.15.4. There are several links on that site for ieee 802.15.4. Currently I am getting simulated ber results all approximately same for all the cases of Eb_No values. Can you help me to find why? thanks in advance! clear PN = [ 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0; 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0; 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0; 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1; 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1; 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0; 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1; 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1; 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1; 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1; 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0; 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0; 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0; ]; N = 5*10^5; % number of bits or symbols fsHz = 1; % sampling period T = 4; % symbol duration Eb_N0_dB = [0:10]; % multiple Eb/N0 values ct = cos(pi*[-T:N*T-1]/(2*T)); st = sin(pi*[-T:N*T-1]/(2*T)); for ii = 1:length(Eb_N0_dB) tx = []; % MSK Transmitter ipBit = round(rand(1,N/32)*15); for k=1:length(ipBit) sym = ipBit(k); tx = [tx PN((sym+1),1:end)]; end ipMod = 2*tx - 1; % BPSK modulation 0 -> -1, 1 -> 1 ai = kron(ipMod(1:2:end),ones(1,2*T)); % even bits aq = kron(ipMod(2:2:end),ones(1,2*T)); % odd bits ai = [ai zeros(1,T) ]; % padding with zero to make the matrix dimension match aq = [zeros(1,T) aq ]; % adding delay of T for Q-arm % MSK transmit waveform xt = 1/sqrt(T)*[ai.*ct + j*aq.*st]; % Additive White Gaussian Noise nt = 1/sqrt(2)*[randn(1,N*T+T) + j*randn(1,N*T+T)]; % white gaussian noise, 0dB variance % Noise addition yt = xt + 10^(-Eb_N0_dB(ii)/20)*nt; % additive white gaussian noise % MSK receiver % multiplying with cosine and sine waveforms xE = conv(real(yt).*ct,ones(1,2*T)); xO = conv(imag(yt).*st,ones(1,2*T)); bHat = zeros(1,N); bHat(1:2:end) = xE(2*T+1:2*T:end-2*T); % even bits bHat(2:2:end) = xO(3*T+1:2*T:end-T); % odd bits result=zeros(16,1); chiplen=32; seqstart=1; recovered = []; while(seqstart<length(bHat)) A = bHat(seqstart:seqstart+(chiplen-1)); for j=1:16 B = PN(j,1:end); result(j)=sum(A.*B); end [value,index] = max(result); recovered = [recovered (index-1)]; seqstart = seqstart+chiplen; end; %# create binary string - the 4 forces at least 4 bits bstr1 = dec2bin(ipBit,4); bstr2 = dec2bin(recovered,4); %# convert back to numbers (reshape so that zeros are preserved) out1 = str2num(reshape(bstr1',[],1))'; out2 = str2num(reshape(bstr2',[],1))'; % counting the errors nErr(ii) = size(find([out1 - out2]),2); end nErr/(length(ipBit)*4) % simulated ber theoryBer = 0.5*erfc(sqrt(10.^(Eb_N0_dB/10))) % theoretical ber

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  • How to get a 64 bit dll with c source file, def file, link file by using command line in vc 6.0

    - by allan
    Hi, all My compile environment is windows xp and vc 6.0. Now I have a c source file(msgRout.c), def file(msgRout.def), link file(msgRout.link), then I use commands below to get a 32 bit dll: 1.cl /I ../include -c -W3 -Gs- -Z7 -Od -nologo -LD -D_X86_=1 -DWIN32 -D_WIN32 -D_MT -D_DLL msgRout.c 2.lib -out:msgRout.lib -def:msgRout.def -machine:i386 3.link /LIBPATH:../../Lib -nod -nologo -debug:full -dll @msgRout.link -out:msgRout.dll But the dll I got cannot be loaded on X64 application. it required a 64 bit dll. So here is my question: Can I get a 64 bit dll with vc 6.0? Using only above 3 commands alike, how can I get 64 bit dll? Many GREAT THANKS!!! Allan

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  • Hyphenate a random string to an exact format

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I am creating a random ID using the below code: from random import * import string # The characters to make up the random password chars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits def random_password(): return "".join(choice(chars) for x in range(32)) This will output something like: 60ff612332b741508bc4432e34ec1d3e I would like the format to be in this format: 60ff6123-32b7-4150-8bc4-432e34ec1d3e I was looking at the .split() method but can't see how to do this with a random id, also the hyphen's must be at these places so splitting them by a certain amount of digits is out. I'm asking is there a way to split these random id's by 8 number's then 4 etc. Thanks

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  • Crash in Reachability API

    - by Marc
    I'm using the Reachability sample code provided by Apple to check the network connectivity and get notified of changes (Reachability Sample code). I had a look at some crash locks of my app. It seems that some crashes are due to the Reachability/SystemConfiguration Reachablity API stuff (see below). SCNetworkReachabilityGetFlags is only used in the Reachability class provided by Apple. Or am I misinterpreting the crash log? Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT) Exception Codes: 0x00000000, 0x00000000 Crashed Thread: 0 Thread 0 Crashed: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00000e70 mach_msg_trap + 20 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00003354 mach_msg + 60 2 SystemConfiguration 0x0001f480 configopen + 168 3 SystemConfiguration 0x00004d08 SCDynamicStoreCreateWithOptions + 272 4 SystemConfiguration 0x00004e54 SCDynamicStoreCreate + 24 5 SystemConfiguration 0x00015244 updateReachabilityStoreInfo + 152 6 SystemConfiguration 0x00016f04 updateCommCenterStatus + 32 7 SystemConfiguration 0x00017678 checkAddress + 1368 8 SystemConfiguration 0x0001a260 __SCNetworkReachabilityGetFlags + 1992 9 SystemConfiguration 0x0001b00c rlsPerform + 132 10 CoreFoundation 0x00058266 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 8 11 CoreFoundation 0x00028692 __CFRunLoopDoSources0 + 214 12 CoreFoundation 0x00027f62 __CFRunLoopRun + 258 13 CoreFoundation 0x00027d74 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 220 14 CoreFoundation 0x00027c82 CFRunLoopRunInMode + 54 15 GraphicsServices 0x00004e84 GSEventRunModal + 188 16 UIKit 0x00004f8c -[UIApplication _run] + 564 17 UIKit 0x000024cc UIApplicationMain + 964 18 MyApp 0x0000f80c main (main.m:21) 19 MyApp 0x0000f77c start + 44

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  • Combining prefixes in SSE

    - by Nathan Fellman
    In SSE the prefixes 066h (operand size override) 0F2H (REPNE) and 0F3h (REPE) are part of the opcode. In non-SSE 066h switches between 32-bit (or 64-bit) and 16-bit operation. 0F2h and 0F3h are used for string operations. They can be combined so that 066h and 0F2h (or 0F3h) can be used in the same instruction, because this is meaningful. What is the behavior in an SSE instruction? For instance, we have (ignoring mod/rm for now): 0f 58 -- addps 66 0f 58 -- addpd f2 0f 58 -- addsd f3 0f 58 -- addss But what is this? 66 f2 0f 58 And how about? f2 66 0f 58 Not to mention the following which has two conflicting REP prefixes: f2 f3 0f 58 What is the spec for thse?

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  • Foundation framework. No NSString.h file

    - by pawelini1
    Hello I'm getting a few errors just after I updated my working copy via SVN. /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSCharacterSet.h:8:0 /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSCharacterSet.h:8:32: error: Foundation/NSString.h: No such file or directory /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSCharacterSet.h:45:0 /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSCharacterSet.h:45: error: expected ')' before 'unichar' /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSPathUtilities.h:10:0 /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSPathUtilities.h:10: error: cannot find interface declaration for 'NSString' All that errors tell that compiler is unable to find NSString.h file in Foundation framework and I have opened the Foundation framework in Xcode/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers and noticed that there is no NSString header file there. Could anyone tell me what happened? I tried to delete the framework and add it again but it failed to. Still I don't have NSString header file.

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  • How are integers converted to strings under the hood?

    - by CrazyJugglerDrummer
    I suppose the real question is how to convert base2/binary to base10. The most common application of this would probably be in creating strings for output: turning a chunk of binary numerical data into an array of characters. How exactly is this done? my guess: Seeing as there probably isn't a string predefined for each numerical value, I'm guessing that the computer goes through each bit of the integer from right to left, each time incrementing the appropriate values in the char array/base10 notation places. If we take the number 160 in binary (10100000), it would know that a 1 in the 8th place means 128, so it places 1 into the third column, 2 in the second, and 8 in the third. The 1 in the 6th column means 32, and it would add those values to the second and first place, carrying over if needed. After this it's an easy conversion to actual char codes.

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  • help with boxplot needed

    - by kathy_BJ
    I am new to R, can anyone help me with boxplot for a dataset like: file1 col1 col2 col3 col4 col5 050350005 101 56.625 48.318 RED 051010002 106 50.625 46.990 GREEN 051190007 25 65.875 74.545 BLUE 051191002 246 52.875 57.070 RED 220050004 55 70 80.274 BLUE 220150008 75 67.750 62.749 RED 220170001 77 65.750 54.307 GREEN file2 col1 col2 col3 col4 col5 050350005 101 56.625 57 RED 051010002 106 50.625 77 GREEN 051190007 25 65.875 51.6 BLUE 051191002 246 52.875 55.070 RED 220050004 55 70 32 BLUE 220150008 75 67.750 32.49 RED 220170001 77 65.750 84.07 GREEN for each color (red,green and blue), I need to compare file1 and file2 by making box plot with MB and RMSE for (col4-col3) for file1 and file2 by dividing col2 in different group: if col2<20,20<=col2<50, 50 <= col2 <70, col2 =70. That is, for the boxplot, the x is (<20, 20-50,50-70, 70), while y is MB (and RMSE) of the difference of col4 and col3 I hope I didn't confuse anybody. Thank you so much.

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  • jQuery - Trigger click event on links with spacebar?

    - by Herb Caudill
    It looks like in most browsers, an <input type="submit"> treats both [spacebar] and [enter] as a click, but an <a> link only treats [enter] as a click. My app uses a number of links formatted to simulate buttons, so a user that is accustomed to tabbing to a button and pressing [spacebar] will be frustrated. This bit of jQuery solves the problem: $("a.Button").die("keypress").live("keypress", function(e) { if (e.which == 32) { $(this).trigger("click"); e.preventDefault(); } }); My question: Is this a reason not to do this? I'm a little reluctant to override the browser's default behavior on something as basic as this, but since I'm already abusing the link tag to make it look like a button, at least this way I'm not violating the user's expectations any further.

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  • How do I specify MSBuild to execute command-line calls in ascii not unicode

    - by Ben L
    I'm attempting to target VC7.1 (visual studio 2003 sp1) from Visual Studio 2010. I'm so close to setting it to work. But when I build, I get this error. 1------ Build started: Project: AnExample, Configuration: Release Win32 ------ 1 Microsoft (R) 32-bit C/C++ Standard Compiler Version 13.10.6030 for 80x86 1 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 1984-2002. All rights reserved. 1 1 cl ÿ_/ 1 1cl : Command line warning D4024: unrecognized source file type 'ÿ_/', object file assumed 1 Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 7.10.6030 1 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 1 1 /out:.exe 1 ¦/ 1LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file ' ¦/.obj' I know this is unsupported but I thought I'd give it a go. Does anyone know how to force the output from msbuild to be ascii or if this is the problem? There were some errors like this years ago related to the DDK acorrding to some other forums. Thanks.

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  • embed ttf as embeded resource can't reference it

    - by HoNgOuRu
    Hi, I've just added a ttf file to the project (c# 2008 express) as "file" and build option to embeded resource. I'm having problems when trying to set this font like this: (I know the next line is wrong...) this.label1.Font = AlarmWatch.Properties.Resources.Baby_Universe; Error 1 Cannot implicitly convert type 'byte[]' to 'System.Drawing.Font' C:\Users\hongo\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\AlarmWatch\AlarmWatch\Form1.Designer.cs 57 32 AlarmWatch I know it is byte[] cause I've set the option build as embeded resource, but...comparing with this line that is correct "this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("OCR A Extended", 24F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));" How can I set this.label1 to use the new font??? thanks

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  • What are the causes and solutions of exception code c0000005 in mscorwks.dll?

    - by Erick
    The exception code c0000005 is thrown from mscorwks.dll when the application is run on Windows Server 2008 R2. Other platforms (WinXP, Server 2003 R2, Windows 7 32-bit and 64-bit) do not present this exception. The event log from a single execution has many of the following event with event ID 1023 raised by the .NET Runtime: .NET Runtime version 2.0.50727.4952 - Fatal Execution Engine Error (7383851A) (80131506) The application itself makes use of a SOAP interface generated by visual studio from a wsdl, a COM object with an embedded interop, and is targeting .Net 4. sfc /scannow was run and found no problems with system files on the affected system. What trouble shooting can be done to identify a solution?

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  • printing sequence number of a sniffed packet

    - by scatman
    i am using pcap to create a packet sniffer. i have this tcp structure: typedef struct TSP_header{ unsigned short int sport; unsigned short int dport; unsigned int seqnum; unsigned int acknum; unsigned char reserved:4, offset:4; unsigned int tcp_res1:4, //little-endian tcph_hlen:4, //length of tcp header in 32-bit words tcph_fin:1, //Finish flag "fin" tcph_syn:1, //Synchronize sequence numbers to start a connection tcph_rst:1, //Reset flag tcph_psh:1, //Push, sends data to the application tcph_ack:1, //acknowledge tcph_urg:1, //urgent pointer tcph_res2:2; unsigned short int tcph_win; unsigned short int tcph_chksum; unsigned short int tcph_urgptr; }TSP_header; how can i print the sequence number? shou i use htons(sequence_number)?? coz it isn't working this way!!

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  • Data structure in c for fast look-up/insertion/removal of integers (from a known finite domain)

    - by MrDatabase
    I'm writing a mobile phone based game in c. I'm interested in a data structure that supports fast (amortized O(1) if possible) insertion, look-up, and removal. The data structure will store integers from the domain [0, n] where n is known ahead of time (it's a constant) and n is relatively small (on the order of 100000). So far I've considered an array of integers where the "ith" bit is set iff the "ith" integer is contained in the set (so a[0] is integers 0 through 31, a[1] is integers 32 through 63 etc). Is there an easier way to do this in c?

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  • Oracle TNS problems ?

    - by persistence
    I have an error ? My pl/Sql Developer says my oracle database cannot find the service descriptor But when I Do a check the listener I get this error. LSNRCTL> start Starting tnslsnr: please wait... Service OracleOraDb10g_home1TNSListener already running. TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00530: Protocol adapter error LSNRCTL> status Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP TNS-12541: TNS:no listener TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00511: No listener 32-bit Windows Error: 61: Unknown error Please I have a deadline for these evening. Please help.

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  • Hash 32bit int to 16bit int?

    - by dkamins
    What are some simple ways to hash a 32-bit integer (e.g. IP address, e.g. Unix time_t, etc.) down to a 16-bit integer? E.g. hash_32b_to_16b(0x12345678) might return 0xABCD. Let's start with this as a horrible but functional example solution: function hash_32b_to_16b(val32b) { return val32b % 0xffff; } Question is specifically about JavaScript, but feel free to add any language-neutral solutions, preferably without using library functions. Simple = good. Wacky+obfuscated = amusing.

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  • Help with pyHook error.

    - by Shady
    Hey, I'm trying to make a global hotkey with pyhook in python that is supposed to work only with the alt key pressed. here is the source: import pyHook import pythoncom hm = pyHook.HookManager() def OnKeyboardEvent(event): if event.Alt == 32 and event.KeyID == 49: print 'HERE WILL BE THE CODE' hm.KeyDown = OnKeyboardEvent hm.HookKeyboard() pythoncom.PumpMessages() but when I execute, only works with the second press of the second key (number 1 = 49)... and give this error: http://img580.imageshack.us/img580/1858/errord.png How can I solve it? For work at the first pressed time.

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  • Trouble getting Android emulator to run in eclipse

    - by Sharonix
    Hi there, I'm new to Android and Eclipse. I'm Trying to run the SDK Samples on the Emulator in Eclipse 3.5 Most of the time the AVD Manager hangs when I try to create a new AVD. When I manage to create an AVD and try to start the emulator I get this: emulator: ERROR: no search paths found in this AVD's configuration weird, the AVD's config.ini file is malformed. Try re-creating it. I'm running the latest version of the SDK on Win7 32 bit. Any Ideas?

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  • How is conversion of float/double to int handled in printf?

    - by Sandip
    Consider this program int main() { float f = 11.22; double d = 44.55; int i,j; i = f; //cast float to int j = d; //cast double to int printf("i = %d, j = %d, f = %d, d = %d", i,j,f,d); //This prints the following: // i = 11, j = 44, f = -536870912, d = 1076261027 return 0; } Can someone explain why the casting from double/float to int works correctly in the first case, and does not work when done in printf? This program was compiled on gcc-4.1.2 on 32-bit linux machine.

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  • Using ret with FASM on Win32

    - by Jon Purdy
    I'm using SDL with FASM, and have code that's minimally like the following: format ELF extrn _SDL_Init extrn _SDL_SetVideoMode extrn _SDL_Quit extrn _exit SDL_INIT_VIDEO equ 0x00000020 section '.text' public _SDL_main _SDL_main: ccall _SDL_Init, SDL_INIT_VIDEO ccall _SDL_SetVideoMode, 640, 480, 32, 0 ccall _SDL_Quit ccall _exit, 0 ; Success, or ret ; failure. With the following quick-and-dirty makefile: SOURCES = main.asm OBJECTS = main.o TARGET = SDLASM.exe FASM = C:\fasm\fasm.exe release : $(OBJECTS) ld $(OBJECTS) -LC:/SDL/lib/ -lSDLmain -lSDL -LC:/MinGW/lib/ -lmingw32 -lcrtdll -o $(TARGET) --subsystem windows cleanrelease : del $(OBJECTS) %.o : %.asm $(FASM) $< $@ Using exit() (or Windows' ExitProcess()) seems to be the only way to get this program to exit cleanly, even though I feel like I should be able to use retn/retf. When I just ret without calling exit(), the application does not terminate and needs to be killed. Could anyone shed some light on this? It only happens when I make the call to SDL_SetVideoMode().

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  • Unary NOT/Integersize of the architecture

    - by sid_com
    From "Mastering Perl/Chapter 16/Bit Operators/Unary NOT,~": The unary NOT operator (sometimes called the complement operator), ~, returns the bitwise negation, or 1's complement, of the value, based on integer size of the architecture Why does the following script output two different values? #!/usr/local/bin/perl use warnings; use 5.012; use Config; my $int_size = $Config{intsize} * 8; my $value = 0b1111_1111; my $complement = ~ $value; say length sprintf "%${int_size}b", $value; say length sprintf "%${int_size}b", $complement; Output: 32 64

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  • Ret Failure with SDL using FASM on Win32

    - by Jon Purdy
    I'm using SDL with FASM, and have code that's minimally like the following: format ELF extrn _SDL_Init extrn _SDL_SetVideoMode extrn _SDL_Quit extrn _exit SDL_INIT_VIDEO equ 0x00000020 section '.text' public _SDL_main _SDL_main: ccall _SDL_Init, SDL_INIT_VIDEO ccall _SDL_SetVideoMode, 640, 480, 32, 0 ccall _SDL_Quit ccall _exit, 0 ; Success, or ret ; failure. With the following quick-and-dirty makefile: SOURCES = main.asm OBJECTS = main.o TARGET = SDLASM.exe FASM = C:\fasm\fasm.exe release : $(OBJECTS) ld $(OBJECTS) -LC:/SDL/lib/ -lSDLmain -lSDL -LC:/MinGW/lib/ -lmingw32 -lcrtdll -o $(TARGET) --subsystem windows cleanrelease : del $(OBJECTS) %.o : %.asm $(FASM) $< $@ Using exit() (or Windows' ExitProcess()) seems to be the only way to get this program to exit cleanly, even though I feel like I should be able to use retn/retf. When I just ret without calling exit(), the application does not terminate and needs to be killed. Could anyone shed some light on this? It only happens when I make the call to SDL_SetVideoMode().

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  • GUI-Library for microcontroller

    - by Martin Kirsche
    I want to create a GUI driven application for a micro-controller (Atmel XMEGA) that is connected to a 128x64 dots graphics LCD (EA DOGL128-6) and 4 buttons for navigation. Controlling the display itself (e.g. drawing pixels and characters) is no problem but in order to prevent me from reinventing the wheel I was googling for a GUI-Library/-Toolkit that is written in c, includes its source code, will run on a 32 MHz 8-bit micro-controller and provides at least the following controls: panel (to group elements) menu (scrollable) icon label button line-graph (optional) But I didn't find any thing useful. Does anyone know (or better uses) such a library(preferably for free)?

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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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