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• Synchronizing files between Linux servers, through FTP

  - by Daniel Magliola

  I have the following configuration of servers: 1 central linux server, a VPS 8 satellite linux servers, "crappy shared hostings" I have a bunch of files that I need to have in all servers. Right now i'm copying them everywhere manually, but I want to be able to copy them to the central server, and then have a scheduled process that runs every now and then and synchronizes them (only outwardly, no need to try to find "new" files in the satellite servers). There are a couple of catches though: I can't have any custom software in the satellite servers, or do strange command line things that'll auto connect to them and send the files directly. I know this is the way these kinds of things are normally done, but the satellite servers are crappy shared hosting ones where I have absolutely no control over anything. I need to send the files over FTP I also need to have, in my central server, a list of the files that are available in each of the satellite servers, to make sure they are ready before I send traffic to them. If I were to do this manually, the steps would be: get the list of files in a satellite server compare to my own, and send the files that are missing get the list of files again, and store it in my central database. I'd like to know what tools are out there that can alleviate as much of this as possible, first the syncing, and then the "getting the list of files available in the other server". I'm going to be doing everything from PHP, not sure if there are good tools to "use FTP from PHP", which i'm pretty sure i'll have to do for step 3 at least. Thanks in advance for any ideas! Daniel

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• dhclient requests filling memory?

  - by shanethehat

  Dammit Jim, I'm a web developer, not a sys admin. With that out of the way, my client's has a CentOS server (6.2) that is only serving a single Magento site (and the associated MySQL server) and it is frequently running out of memory, despite the site only currently being open to 5 users. I'm investigating the logs to try to figure out why the memory usage is so high, but I don't really know what I'm looking at. It seems that there are a lot of entries in /var/log/messages concerning DHCP requests, approximately one every 15 seconds, that look like this: Apr 7 14:23:06 s15940039 dhclient[815]: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 172.30.102.85 port 67 (xid=0x6b5cd2a7) Is this normal? I don't see anything else in here that I don't recognise, but then I'm not sure I'd know the problem if I did see it. 4 days ago the server ran out of memory completely and locked up, requiring a restart. The DHCP messages did not start up again for 23 hours, but then carried on as before. I have read this question which describes the same issue, but in my case a fresh DHCP lease does not ever seem to be issued. Is this something I should push back to the hosting provider, or have I not yet found the source of the memory problem?

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• apache2 + mod_fastcgi + suexec + php5.2 = unstable on high load

  I am hosting several (~30) different sites on one server with apache2+fastcgi+suexec+php5. Sites have different loads and different execution times of their scripts (some of them process request for 5-7 seconds, some <1sek). Sometimes when single site receives very high load (all php instances of this site are created and used) - whole apache server hangs. Apache (worker mpm) creates new processes up to the upper limit. It looks like it is starting to queue ALL new request for EVERY site, not only the one that has high load and quickly achieves process limits... restart of apache solves the problem... config: FastCgiConfig -singleThreshold 1 -multiThreshold 10 -listen-queue-depth 30 -maxProcesses 80 -maxClassProcesses 12 -idle-timeout 30 -pass-header HTTP_AUTHORIZATION -pass-header If-Modified-Since -pass-header If-None-Match (earlier have default -listen-queue-depth = 100, but it didn't change anything...) Any suggestions? Another question - how is implemented this listen queue? is it one queue for whole apache, or unique queue for every defined php apllication (suexec site)? I would like to achieve something like this: when one site receives high load and its queue is full - server bounces next request, but only for this one site.. Other sites should work properly...

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• linux Firewall question

  - by bcrawl

  I have few generic questions about firewalls and I thought the community up here could help me out. 1) So I recently installed Ubuntu server barebones. I checked for open ports, none were open which was great. Is that because there was a firewall installed or was it because there were no applications installed? 2) I installed some applications, (Apache, postgres,ssh, Java app and some few). Between these, I ended up opening a few ports (~10). Now I have a list of all the ports I would need open. So, how do I go about protecting them? [Is this the right question to ask? does the process go like this, Install Firewall - Allow Said needed ports - deny rest using IPtables rules] This is going to be open to the internet. Hosting low traffic ecommerce sites. 3) What do you think is the easiest way for me to quasi-secure the server, [low maintenance overhead/simplicity. Any open source "software" which can make my life easier?] 4) Finally, of the said open ports [2], I have 2 ports I need to close because they are telnet ports. Can I close these ports without installing a "firewall" Thanks all for the help and Merry Christmas!!!!!!!

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• postfix (for sending mail only) multiple domain setup

  - by seanl

  I have the following problem, I have a Centos 5.4 VPS hosting a few nginx sites (some static, some cakephp), I would like to be able to send email from each sites contact page through postfix to my google apps hosted email (different accounts for each site) so that apps can then send out an auto email to the person filling in the contact form etc I have a bare-bones postfix installation with the following added into the main.cf config file. from using this guide virtual_alias_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_domains virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps (both of these files have been converted into db files using postmap) I have configured DNS correctly for each site and setup SPF records. (I'm aware R-DNS will still reference my actual hostname not the domain name and cause a possible spam issue but one thing at a time) I can telnet localhost and the helo localhost so that I can send a command line email from an address in the virtual_alias_domains to an email in the virtual_alias_maps file which seems sends without giving an error but it is sending to my local linux account not the email address specified. my question is am i approching this the wrong way in terms of the virtual alias mapping or is this even possible to do in the manner im trying. Any help is greatly appreciated thanks. my postconf -n outlook looks like this alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = localhost mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost myhostname = myactual hostname mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_domains = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_domains virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_alias_maps

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• Removing forward lookup zone broke our site - why?

  - by user102469

  I'm fairly new to the job and trying to get to grips with the infrastructure here. We've moved a site from being locally hosted on our own network to an external host (1&1). I've transferred the DNS hosting from the previous DNS host to 1&1 to keep things simple. Once everything had gone through, visitors that were external to our network were being directed to the new site on 1&1 but requests from within our network were still going to our own server. I noticed in the DNS server that there was a forward lookup zone for the site pointing to our own server still. My (admittedly simplistic) understanding was that pausing that zone would then cause the DNS server to get the address for the site from our external DNS servers and our users would start landing on our new site. However, what happened instead was that they were being met with "page not found" type errors. I've resolved it my modifying the forward lookup zone A record to point to the external web server but would like to get an understanding as to why pausing the zone didn't work. Would deleting the zone work? I am reluctant to try that as creating it again will not be as easy as simply pressing "start". Many thanks.

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• CNAME redirect to Wordpress blog not working (.htaccess problem)

  - by Vincent Chan

  I have two domains hosting in two different servers: domain1.com & domain2.com I would like to forward "blog.domain1.com" to "blog2.domain2.com" which is a Wordpress blog using CNAME redirect. Before I installed Wordpress. blog.domain1.com (=redirect=) blog2.domain2.com/index.htm (working fine) The browser will keep the URL (http://blog.domain1.com) even the index.htm is on domain2.com server. However, after I installed Wordpress, the browser will change the URL to (http://blog2.domain2.com) This is my current setup: On domain1.com DNS: blog.domain1.com CNAME redirect to domain2.com on domain2.com .htaccess: Options +FollowSymLinks RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^blog\.domain1\.com RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://blog2.domain2.com/$1 [R=301,L] on blog2.domain2.com .htaccess: DirectoryIndex index.php <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> Options +FollowSymLinks RewriteEngine On RewriteBase /blog2/ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /blog2/index.php [L] </IfModule> blog2.domain2.com is installed under domain2.com/blog2/ All I want to do is keeping the URL (blog.domain1.com) unchanged for the whole Wordpress redirect. Thanks a lot.

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• Setting up Windows network on Xen

  - by samyboy

  I'm trying to install a Windows XP server in a Xen environment. The OS is booting fine. Unfortunately I can't figure out how to set up the network settings. Dom0 is a Debian Lenny currently hosting around 10 Linux virtual servers. Windows tells me I have a "limited connection". It can't get any DHCP response, nor access other hosts in the network Here is the Xen's client config file: kernel = '/usr/lib/xen-3.2-1/boot/hvmloader' builder = 'hvm' memory = '1024' device_model='/usr/lib/xen-3.2-1/bin/qemu-dm' acpi=1 apic=1 pae=1 vcpus=1 name = 'winexchange' # Disks disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wnghosts/exchange-disk,ioemu:hda,w', 'file:/mnt/freespace/ISO/DVD1_Installation.iso,ioemu:hdc:cdrom,r' ] # Networking vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3E:0A:D0:1B, type=ioemu, bridge=xenbr0'] # video stdvga=0 serial='pty' ne2000=0 # Behaviour boot='c' sdl=0 # VNC vfb = [ 'type=vnc' ] vnc=1 vncdisplay=1 vncunused=1 usbdevice='tablet' Server config (/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp) (network-script network-bridge) (network-script network-dummy) (vif-script vif-bridge) (dom0-min-mem 512) (dom0-cpus 0) (vnc-listen '0.0.0.0') Since I use Debian I had to create a link like this: /etc/xen/qemu-ifup - /etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup What did I do wrong? Please tell me if you want some more info (logs, etc)

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• SQL Server 2008 Web VS SQL Server 2008 Enterprise

  - by Jeremy

  I wrote an application a few months ago, and was hosting it out of our offices on a workstation with an Intel Core 2 Quad Q8200 @ 2.33GHz, 8 GB RAM, Windows Server 2008 Enterprise and SQL Server 2008 Enterprise. Both the webserver and database server were run on the same machine. We had a huge influx in traffic, and moved ClubUptime.com, and got 2 of their top teir windows VMs. The Database server runs Windows 2008 R2 Standard and SQL Server 2008 R2 Web on 8 GB ram and an Intel Xeon e5620 @ 2.40GHz. Ever since switching, the database which used to run at around 400MB in RAM now runs at around 4-7GB, and there haven't been any changes to it (other than a couple columns here and there). Our traffic has quadrupled, and our DB is 6 GB on disk, why would SQL server take up 7 GB if the DB is only 6. And why would it be storing the ENTIRE database in memory? Another thing is why growing 4 times in size did the database's memory footprint grow 12 times? Last question: Why does the CPU peg at 100% now where it didn't before? The design is simple, VERY few joins, NO subqueries. I am just at a loss, unless it is the SQL server edition, or the fact that I moved from real hardware to a VM.

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• How to route public static IP to a virtual machine on a vmware ESXi host?

  - by Kevin Southworth

  I have 5 static IPs from my ISP (Comcast) and I have a physical machine with VMware ESXi 4.0 on it that is hosting multiple virtual machines. Right now I am just using the default vmware virtual network (vswitch0) with DHCP from the Comcast IP Gateway Router and everything is working fine. Each virtual machine can access the internet, etc. One of my virtual machines is a webserver (Windows Server 2008) and I want to assign it to 1 of my 5 static IPs so it's accessible from the public internet, while leaving the other VMs on the internal LAN still using DHCP. If I just plug my laptop directly into the Comcast IP Gateway (it has 4 ports on the back) and assign my laptop a Static IP using the windows networking dialogs, then I can hit my laptop from the public internet and it works great. However, if I try to do the same steps to set a static IP config on my Windows Server 2008 VM, it does not work. The VM cannot access the internet (open Firefox and try to visit google.com), and I cannnot see the VM from the public internet either. I'm assuming I'm missing something in the ESXi config somewhere, but I'm pretty new to ESXi and I'm not sure how to configure it to work this way.

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• switching dns server providers

  - by Yoav Aner

  I'm trying to wrap my head around something that I thought I kinda understood, but clearly there's some piece missing. We're currently using Zerigo as our primary dns, with slave dns running on linode. This works quite well. However, recent DDOS attacks on zerigo meant that whilst dns queries were still resolved, we were unable to make any dns changes. Since we rely on dns changes on our own infrastructure, I'm looking to improve this somehow. I'd rather not ditch zerigo completely, and realise that this or similar problems can happen with ANY primary dns hosting provider. It might not be DDOS, but a bug on their server, or something that means we can no longer issue updates. For this I want to have some fallback option: a completely independent (primary) dns provider (maybe AWS), which we will keep in-sync manually. We will switch-over to it when there's a problem. This brings me to my question: How do I make sure we can switch those providers quickly enough? specifically, on our registrar, there's a list of name servers, but no settings like TTL etc. How do dns clients know to use the newly updated name server records? Is this configured in the SOA? However, the SOA itself is hosted with the dns provider and we might not be able to update it... This is not a question about a one-time move, which can be planned and scheduled and tested, but rather to be able to do so when things are half-broken.

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• IIS6 Virtual SMTP server isn't coming back up automatically after a system restart

  - by Julian James

  I've got a virtual server running Win2008 RC2. I've set up IIS6 with a virtual SMTP server on it to be the mail provider for the websites I'm hosting there. It all works great, but if for some reason the server reboots (auto updates are still enabled - I'm trying to make this as little work as possible as we've got a Lot of clients), the IIS6 doesn't restart the SMTP server. The failure causes 500 errors on the current setup, so I'm spending half the day apologising. Any ideas? In Services I've set everything to come back up automatically, but still no dice. As soon as I restart the SMTP, no problems, all the mail gets sent. It's working perfectly, it just won't restart on it's own. I'd really rather not turn auto updates off as we're such a small company I just can't spare the time to be manually updating 15 copies of windows every time MS decide there's a security patch. All advice appreciated! BTW, I am a complete newb to these forums. I searched but couldn't find an answer, so please be nice. But firm. I've got to learn here.

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• Nginx: Serve static files out of a given directory - one level too deep

  - by Joe J

  I'm pretty new to nginx configs. I'm having some difficulty with a pretty basic problem. I'd like to host some static files at /doc (index.html, some images, etc). The files are located in a directory called /sites/mysite/proj/doc/. The problem is, is that with the nginx config below, nginx tries to look for a directory called "/sites/mysite/proj/doc/doc". Perhaps this can be fixed by setting the root to /sites/mysite/proj/, but I don't want to potentially expose other (non-static) assets in the proj/ directory. And for various reasons, I can't really move the doc/ directory from where it is. I think there is a way to use a Rewrite rule to solve this situation, but I don't really understand all the parts, so having some difficulty formulating the rule. rewrite ^/doc/(.*)$ /$1 permanent; I've also included a working example of hosting files out of a /sites/mysite/htdocs/static/ directory. > vim locations.conf location /static { root /sites/mysite/htdocs/; access_log off; autoindex on; } location /doc { root /sites/mysite/proj/doc/; access_log on; autoindex on; } 2011/11/19 23:49:00 [error] 2314#0: *42 open() "/sites/mysite/proj/doc/doc" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 100.100.100.100, server: , request: "GET /doc HTTP/1.1", host: "myhost.com" Does anyone have any ideas how I might go about serving this static content? Any help is much appreciated. Thanks, Joe

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• BIND - why duplicate nameserver entries (@ and *)?

  - by user27465

  I had to manually tweak my DNS service providers BIND file. BIND file, created by professional hosting company, before: $ORIGIN mycoolsite.com. $TTL 300 @ SOA ns1.cheapreg.com. registry.cheapreg.com. ( ... ) @ IN 3600 NS ns1.cheapreg.com. @ IN 3600 NS ns2.cheapreg.com. @ IN 3600 A 199.9.99.85 @ IN 3600 A 199.9.99.86 * IN 3600 A 199.9.99.85 * IN 3600 A 199.9.99.86 www IN 3600 A 199.9.99.85 www IN 3600 A 199.9.99.86 BIND file, created by layman, after: $ORIGIN mycoolsite.com. $TTL 300 @ SOA ns1.cheapreg.com. registry.cheapreg.com. ( ... ) @ IN 3600 NS ns1.cheapreg.com. @ IN 3600 NS ns2.cheapreg.com. * IN 3600 A 219.94.116.50 * IN 3600 A 219.94.116.51 * IN 3600 A 219.94.116.52 The difference is that the "pro"-file has duplicated the nameserver entries, once for @, and once for *, and I haven't. Any reason I should also duplicate nameserver entries (@ and *) ?

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• In spite of correct DNS, Exchange sending to wrong destination server for single outbound domain

  - by beporter

  My company uses an SBS 2003 server and makes use of Exchange to host our own email. We also have a linux server hosting domains for some of our clients. In order for us to send to those clients, we had internal DNS set up to shadow the client domains to provide "correct" MX records inside our network. For example, public DNS for a domain abc.com might point to 1.2.3.4, but internally we have MX records set up to route mail for abc.com to 172.16.0.4, which is the linux email server. This setup was entirely functional; this is just back story. We've recently moved one of our client domains from our internal linux server to an external email provider. When we did that, we naturally deleted our internal shadow DNS records so our Exchange server would fetch correct (public) DNS records and route mail out to the new external host. This has NOT had any effect on Exchange though. Even after rebooting the Exchange server and completely flushing the DNS cache (nslookups on the Exchange machine itself correctly resolve to the new external address) Exchange still attempts to deliver messages for the domain to our internal server! Exchange correctly routes to all other internal and external domains when sending email. Somehow Exchange is trying to deliver to a machine that by all accounts it has no business trying to use for just this one domain. Is there a DNS cache that Exchange uses internally? Is there a way to flush that internal cache? What else could I be missing?

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• What is /etc/apache2/sites-available used for and is it necessary?

  - by Mariane

  I have 3 sites, each with a specific IP, running on apache2 (up-to-date Ubuntu). To put a site online, I just created a file in: /etc/apache2/sites-enabled and in this file I told apache which directory was the root directory for this site, and to which IP it should correspond. So I have 000-default 001-www.lapf.eu 002-www.felkin.info 003-www.seidhr.fr in this directory. My first site, lapf suddenly lost contact with its database after the domain name was transferred from another registrar unto the registrar who is also hosting the site's data. Then I did an update, and I reinstalled mysql-server and mysql-common, and I did I-have-forgotten-what to reinstall the locales (uft8 and such) which had vanished for some reason. This fixed my first site. Now I noticed that the other 2 sites are offline. Pointing a browser to them just hangs until timeout. They used to function, and their domain names did not move, they are still registered at the same place. The files are still in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled I noticed another directory: /etc/apache2/sites-available with just defaut and default.ssl in it. Why are there 2 directories, sites-enabled and sites-available? Should I copy the files from "sites-enabled" into "sites-available"? Or should I put a modified version of each in "sites-available"? command: "apache2ctl -S" VirtualHost configuration: 92.243.20.169:80 Charlotte (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/001-www.lapf.eu:1) 92.243.21.141:80 xvm-21-141.ghst.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/002-www.felkin.info:1) 92.243.4.114:80 xvm-4-114.ghst.net (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/003-www.seidhr.fr:1) wildcard NameVirtualHosts and default servers: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server Charlotte (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost Charlotte (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) Syntax OK

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• Setting up WHM nameservers

  - by Miskone

  I am new to server administration and I've just got a dedicated root server from Hetzner. First I set up in Hetzner's robot DNS entries Registered nameservers: ns1.raybear.com 88.198.32.57 ns2.raybear.com 88.198.32.57 Under DNS entires I have buzz-buzz.me pointing to 88.198.32.57 // My server IP address and on my WHM I have DNS zone for buzz-buzz.me ; cPanel first:11.42.1.17 (update_time):1402062640 Cpanel::ZoneFile::VERSION:1.3 hostname:hosting.raybear.com latest:11.42.1.17 ; Zone file for buzz-buzz.me $TTL 14400 buzz-buzz.me. 86400 IN SOA ns1.raybear.com. miskone.gmail.com. ( 2014060605 ;Serial Number 86400 ;refresh 7200 ;retry 3600000 ;expire 86400 ) buzz-buzz.me. 86400 IN NS ns1.raybear.com. buzz-buzz.me. 86400 IN NS ns2.raybear.com. buzz-buzz.me. 14400 IN A 88.198.32.57 localhost 14400 IN A 127.0.0.1 buzz-buzz.me. 14400 IN MX 0 buzz-buzz.me. mail 14400 IN CNAME buzz-buzz.me. www 14400 IN CNAME buzz-buzz.me. ftp 14400 IN CNAME buzz-buzz.me. agent 14400 IN A 88.198.32.57 src 14400 IN A 88.198.32.57 platform 14400 IN A 88.198.32.57 But still I have some problems accesing buzz-buzz.me, agent.buzz-buzz.me and platform.buzz-buzz.me Also I have problem getting mails on Google account, I can send but not receive emails. How to solve this. As I said I am completly new here and I need urgent help.:(

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• Configuring CakePHP on Hostgator

  - by yaeger

  I have absolutely no idea what I am doing wrong here. I have followed just about every guide there is with installing cakephp on shared hosting and I am still having problems. I have also started over each time when following a guide. Maybe someone can help me out here as I am out of options. Here is my current setup: / app webroot vendors lib cake public_html .htaccess index.php plugins I have configured the index.php file in the public_html to point to the correct files. I have also done this in the index.php file located in webroot folder. I am getting an Internal 500 server error and it says to check my logs for what the error specifically is. However there are no logs being generated. I removed the .htaccess file from the public_html folder and I get the following errors: Warning: require(/app/webroot/index.php) [function.require]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/user/public_html/index.php on line 40 Fatal error: require() [function.require]: Failed opening required '/app/webroot/index.php' (include_path='.:/usr/lib/php:/usr/local/lib/php') in /home/user/public_html/index.php on line 40 line 40 is require APP_DIR . DS . WEBROOT_DIR . DS . 'index.php'; DS = "/" WEBROOT_DIR = "app" Anyone have any suggestions? I am at lost at what I am doing wrong.

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• How to fake ip at localhost without LoopBack.

  - by sexer

  How can i fake an ip on my own PC? for example if there were an ip address lets say 201.91.81.71, that Host is somewhere outside of my red and is hosting a webserver. How can set a website on my own PC, and when i go to browser and try to explore 201.91.81.71 it actually explore the website at my own PC? pd: I need it with IP addresses not domain names, since I need to implement it on a non-web service. First guess was installing a LoopBack with 201.191.81.71 as ip, but since some times the subnet works and some other it doesn't isn't a stable solution. Second guess was adding a route to route table : route add 201.91.81.71 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 is the ip address of my NIC. If i could add this route it would work but windows doesn't let me do so. route add 201.91.81.71 mask 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 it doesn't let me set as gateway 127.0.0.1 if 201.91.81.71 isn't set in a NIC, so thats why i set sometimes loopback and this route add is auto, but it needs a subnet mask which doesn't match the ip and cannot set 255.255.255.255, im in real throubles here. can i get some help? thx.

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• How to choose the most optimal RAID settings on PE2950

  - by javano

  I have some Dell PowerEdge 2950's with 4x 15k, 150GB Cheetah SAS drives in them. They are going to be VM hosts, CentOS running ESXi with Windows Server 2k8 guests. Some guests will be hosting IIS servers, and others MSSQL servers. I am trying to set the RAID virtual disks settings and can't decide which is more optimal given this situation; Read Policy: Out of Read-Ahead, No-Read-Ahead and Adaptive Read-Ahead, the default is Read-Ahead. I will be making large sequential writes initially, writing out blank images for virtual machine hard drives (lets say 30GBs from /dev/zero for example) so Read-Ahead seems good at first. But within the virtual machines reads could be random from anywhere within their file systems as they are IIS and MSSQL servers, so perhaps No-Read-Ahead is a better idea? Now I think Adaptive Read-Ahead would be better then as a compromise but I don't know much about this option, how does it compare in performance to the others? Write Policy: write-back caching, write-through caching, the default is write-back caching. The default of write-back caching is safer than write-through caching but at a performance expense. My thinking here is that in the event of power loss for example, it seems more likely in my head (this is why I need some clarification!) that damage will occur to a guest VM with write-back caching enabled, so I should favour write-through? I have searched around and there is obviously no definitive answer, so I would like to find out what is best for my situation.

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• DAS vs SAN storage for serving 2 to 4 nodes

  - by Luke404

  We currently have 4 Linux nodes with local storage, arranged in two active/passive pairs with storage mirrored using DRBD, running virtual machines (actually using Xen Hypervisor) for typical hosting workloads (mail, web, a couple VPS, etc.). We're approaching the (presumed) maximum IOPS of those servers, and we're planning to migrate to an external storage solution with two active nodes, with capacity for up to four active nodes. Since we're an all-Dell shop I've done some research and found the MD3200 / MD3200i products should be the ones we're looking for. We are pretty sure we won't be attaching more than 4 hosts on a single storage and I'm wondering if there is any clear advantage for one or the other. In theory I should be able to attach 4 SAS hosts to a single MD3200 (single links on a single controller MD3200, or dual redundant SAS links from each host to a dual-controller MD3200), or 4 iSCSI hosts to a single MD3200i (directly on its 4 GigE ports without any switch, again with dual links for the dual controller option). Both setups should let us implement live VM migration since all hosts can access all the LUNs at the same time, and also some shared filesystem like GFS2 or OCFS2. Also, both setups should allow full redundancy of the whole system (assuming dual controllers in the storage). One difference I can see is that the DAS solution is actually limited to 4 hosts while the iSCSI one should be able to grow to more hosts (adding two GigE switches to the mix). One point for the iSCSI solution is that it would allow us to start out with our current nodes and upgrade them at a later time (we can't add other SAS controllers, but they already have 4 GigE ports each). With the right (iSCSI|SAS) controllers I should be able to connect diskless nodes and boot them off the external storage which I think is a good thing (get rid of any local storage). On the other hand, I would have thought the SAS one to be cheaper but it seems like an MD3200 actually costs a little less than an MD3200i (?) (please note: I've used Dell gear in my examples since that's what we're looking for but I assume the same goes with other vendors) I would like to know if my assumptions above are correct, and if I'm missing any important difference between the two setups.

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• HTTP Error: 413 Request Entity Too Large

  - by Torben Gundtofte-Bruun

  What I have: I have an iPhone app that sends HTTP POST requests (XML format) to a web service written in PHP. This is on a hosted virtual private server so I can edit httpd.conf and other files on the server, and restart Apache. The problem: The web service works perfectly as long as the request is not too large, but around 1MB is the limit. After that, the server responds with: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>413 Request Entity Too Large</title> </head><body> <h1>Request Entity Too Large</h1> The requested resource<br />/<br /> does not allow request data with POST requests, or the amount of data provided in the request exceeds the capacity limit. </body></html> The web service writes its own log file, and I can see that small messages are processed fine. Larger messages are not logged at all so I guess that something in Apache rejects them before they even reach the web service? Things I've tried without success: (I've restarted Apache after every change. These steps are incremental.) hosting provider's web-based configuration panel: disable mod_security httpd.conf: LimitXMLRequestBody 0 and LimitRequestBody 0 httpd.conf: LimitXMLRequestBody 100000000 and LimitRequestBody 100000000 httpd.conf: SecRequestBodyLimit 100000000 At this stage, Apache's error.log contains a message: ModSecurity: Request body no files data length is larger than the configured limit (1048576) It looks like my step #4 didn't really take, which is consistent with step #1 but does not explain why mod_security appears to be active after all. What more can I try, to get the web service to receive large messages?

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• Minimum permissions needed to create a user Home Folder in Windows Active Directory

  - by Jim

  We would like the Help Desk to have the responsibility of creating User Home folders instead of our 2nd level support. The help desk global group is already an Account Operator, so in Active Directory they are able to edit all User Attributes just fine. The problem is figuring out the minimum level of permissions needed on the File Server to create the home share, with out giving them access to everyone home share. So if they open AD Users and Computer, open the properties for a user, and enter \home\users\%username% in the profile tab and then click OK, they get the following error. The \home\users\username home folder was not created because you do not have create access on the server. The user account has been updated with the new home folder value but you must create the directory manually after obtaining the required access right. Right now I have given the Helpdesk group Full Control on the root folder only (no files or subdirectories) The directory is actually created, but the permissions on the newly created folder only show administrators full control, and no permissions for the configured user account. It sure sounds like I'd have to make the helpdesk local admins on the file servers, which is what I'd like to avoid. Especially since the file servers are a large cluster hosting much much more than the entire orgs home share structure.

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• Pair programming with tmux and Vagrant

  - by neezer

  Does anyone have a clear step-by-step guide for setting up a shared tmux session on a Vagrant vbox that my coworkers (on our local office lan) could SSH into? The articles I've found online only seem to cover setting this up from machine to machine (no virtualbox setups), and I'm not very good at networking, so I haven't been able to extrapolate a solution... We're all running the latest Macs in our office, btw. Here's one article I've found but haven't been able to get working with Vagrant: http://blog.voxdolo.me/remote-pairing-with-vim-and-tmux.html EDIT: To clarify, I don't really know how I should be setting up Vagrant to allow me to SSH into it from a machine outside the one hosting the VM. The article above suggests that I add the tunnels host on my physical machine running the VM (here-on referred to as the MBP), so I did that. Next is the ProxyCommand host declaration, which I have also assumed should live on the MBP. So next I try SSHing into the MBP from a guest machine (another separate physical machine on my network), and that seems to work... but that only gets me into the MBP, not the Vagrant image running on the MBP. I normally login Vagrant image on the MBP via vagrant ssh (per the docs), and I know how to forward ports on the Vagrant VM to the MBP, but it's unclear to me how I could forward ports/SSH from the MBP to the Vagrant VM, which I assume I would need to do so that my guest machine could SSH in--through the MBP--to my Vagrant image. That, in a nutshell, is what I'm trying to accomplish. I do my development work in Vagrant VMs which keeps my MBP nice and clean of any dev-related cruft and also keeps my dev environments totally isolated from one another, yet I would like to start pair-programming with my coworkers via tmux, thus the reason why I've asked this question. I would like to accomplish all of this without setting up an additional user account on the MBP, or giving my coworkers access to my local user account on the MBP to get to my Vagrant VM, if that's at all possible.

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• How to unblacklist an IP at Google?

  - by DJRayon

  I own a small business with two servers for webhosting. When setting up the primary (CentOS 5.5 + WHM, secondary is WHM DNS Only) server I kinda messed up the firewall, so the hackers could send stuff from my server. My primary IP is x.y.29.218. Anyway - I got blacklisted in several places, but now those blacklistings are gone. For a week or so, but Google still has my IP blacklisted. I handling serious damages because of that. Many clients want to switch from my hosting, etc. I've fixed the hole with CSF firewall SMTP_BLOCK option and enabled also the WHM SMTP TEAK Currently all I see from the Main Email View Mail Statistics (Errors section) in WHM is rows and rows of the following message removed-the-email-address-for-security R=lookuphost T=remote_smtp: SMTP error from remote mail server after end of data: host aspmx.l.google.com [a.b.39.27]: 550-5.7.1 [x.y.29.218 1] Our system has detected an unusual rate of\n550-5.7.1 unsolicited mail originating from your IP address. To protect our\n550-5.7.1 users from spam, mail sent from your IP address has been blocked.\n550-5.7.1 Please visit http://www.google.com/mail/help/bulk_mail.html to review\n550 5.7.1 our Bulk Email Senders Guidelines. h24si3868764fas.171 What are my options? I have one IP free. How can I configure Exim to send mail from that IP? My brain is like constantly blowing up because of this problem. Please someone, who has any knowledge how to deal with the current situation, please give me some kind of help - any help, suggestions, etc. I've tried everything I know, and I still don't know much, because this is the first time (I just started to webhost, etc) I deal with real physical servers not some kind of pre-setup VPS solution. Many - many thanks, whoever has time to offer some help.

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