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  • Store data in an inconvenient table or create a derived table?

    - by user1705685
    I have a certain predefined database structure that I am stuck with. The question is whether this structure is OK for ORM or I whether should add a processing layer that would create a more convenient structure every time something is inserted into the original DB. To simplify, here's what it kind of looks like. I have a person table: PersonId Name And I have a properties table: PersonId PropertyType PropertyValue So, for person John Doe... (1, 'John Doe') ...I could have three properties: (1, 'phone', '555-55-55'), (1, 'email', '[email protected]), (1, 'type', 'employee') By using ORM I would like to get a "person" object that would have properties "name", "phone", "email", "type". Can Propel do that? How efficient is it? Is it a better idea to create a table with columns "phone", "email", "type" and fill it automatically as new rows are inserted into the properties table?

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  • Failing rspec Rails Tutorial Chapter 9.3

    - by greyghost24
    I am failing 3 tests and I have found numerous examples on here and on on the internet in general but I can't seem to find where I'm going wrong. Thanks for any help. 1) User pages signup with valid information edit page Failure/Error: before { visit edit_user_path(user) } ActionView::Template::Error: undefined method `model_name' for NilClass:Class # ./app/views/users/edit.html.erb:6:in `_app_views_users_edit_html_erb___4113112884365867193_70232486166220' # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:96:in `block (5 levels) in <top (required)>' 2) User pages signup with valid information edit page Failure/Error: before { visit edit_user_path(user) } ActionView::Template::Error: undefined method `model_name' for NilClass:Class # ./app/views/users/edit.html.erb:6:in `_app_views_users_edit_html_erb___4113112884365867193_70232486166220' # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:96:in `block (5 levels) in <top (required)>' 3) User pages signup with valid information edit page Failure/Error: before { visit edit_user_path(user) } ActionView::Template::Error: undefined method `model_name' for NilClass:Class # ./app/views/users/edit.html.erb:6:in `_app_views_users_edit_html_erb___4113112884365867193_70232486166220' # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:96:in `block (5 levels) in <top (required)>' Finished in 0.26515 seconds 3 examples, 3 failures Failed examples: rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:100 # User pages signup with valid information edit page rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:99 # User pages signup with valid information edit page rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:101 # User pages signup with valid information edit page authentication_pages_spec.rb require 'spec_helper' describe "Authentication" do subject { page } describe "signin page" do before { visit signin_path } it { should have_selector('h1', text: 'Sign in') } it { should have_selector('title', text: 'Sign in') } end describe "signin" do before { visit signin_path } describe "with invalid information" do before { click_button "Sign in" } it { should have_selector('title', text: 'Sign in') } it { should have_selector('div.alert.alert-error', text: 'Invalid') } describe "after visiting another page" do before { click_link "Home" } it { should_not have_selector('div.alert.alert-error') } end end describe "with valid information" do let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) } before do fill_in "Email", with: user.email fill_in "Password", with: user.password click_button "Sign in" end it { should have_selector('title', text: user.name) } it { should have_link('Profile', href: user_path(user)) } it { should have_link('Sign out', href: signout_path) } it { should_not have_link('Sign in', href: signin_path) } describe "followed by signout" do before { click_link "Sign out" } it { should have_link('Sign in') } end end end end Here is the users_controller: class UsersController < ApplicationController def show @user = User.find(params[:id]) end def new @user = User.new end def create @user = User.new(params[:user]) if @user.save sign_in @user flash[:success] = "Welcome to the Sample App!" redirect_to @user else render 'new' end end end def edit @user = User.find(params[:id]) end edit.html.erb: <% provide(:title, "Edit user") %> <h1>Update your profile</h1> <div class="row"> <div class="span6 offset3"> <%= form_for(@user) do |f| %> <%= render 'shared/error_messages' %> <%= f.label :name %> <%= f.text_field :name %> <%= f.label :email %> <%= f.text_field :email %> <%= f.label :password %> <%= f.password_field :password %> <%= f.label :password_confirmation, "Confirm Password" %> <%= f.password_field :password_confirmation %> <%= f.submit "Save changes", class: "btn btn-large btn-primary" %> <% end %> <%= gravatar_for @user %> <a href="http://gravatar.com/emails">change</a> </div> here is the user_pages_spec: require 'spec_helper' describe "User pages" do subject { page } describe "profile page" do let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) } before { visit user_path(user) } it { should have_selector('h1', text: user.name) } it { should have_selector('title', text: user.name) } end describe "signup page" do before { visit signup_path } it { should have_selector('h1', text: 'Sign up') } it { should have_selector('title', text: full_title('Sign up')) } end describe "signup" do before { visit signup_path } describe "with invalid information" do it "should not create a user" do expect { click_button "Create my account" }.not_to change(User, :count) end describe "error messages" do before { click_button "Create my account" } it { should have_selector('title', text: 'Sign up') } it { should have_content('error') } end end describe "with valid information" do before do fill_in "Name", with: "Example User" fill_in "Email", with: "[email protected]" fill_in "Password", with: "foobar" fill_in "Confirmation", with: "foobar" end it "should create a user" do expect do click_button "Create my account" end.to change(User, :count).by(1) end describe "after saving the user" do before { click_button "Create my account" } let(:user) { User.find_by_email('[email protected]') } it { should have_selector('title', text: user.name) } it { should have_selector('div.alert.alert-success', text: 'Welcome') } it { should have_link('Sign out') } end end end describe "signup page" do before { visit signup_path } it { should have_selector('h1', text: 'Sign up') } it { should have_selector('title', text: full_title('Sign up')) } end describe "signup" do before { visit signup_path } let(:submit) { "Create my account" } describe "with invalid information" do it "should not create a user" do expect { click_button submit }.not_to change(User, :count) end end describe "with valid information" do before do fill_in "Name", with: "Example User" fill_in "Email", with: "[email protected]" fill_in "Password", with: "foobar" fill_in "Confirmation", with: "foobar" end it "should create a user" do expect { click_button submit }.to change(User, :count).by(1) end describe "edit" do let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) } before { visit edit_user_path(user) } describe "page" do it { should have_selector('h1', text: "Update your profile") } it { should have_selector('title', text: "Edit user") } it { should have_link('change', href: 'http://gravatar.com/emails') } end describe "with invalid information" do before { click_button "Save changes" } it { should have_content('error') } end end end end end edit: users_controllers.rb was formatted incorrectly. It should look like this: class UsersController < ApplicationController def show @user = User.find(params[:id]) end def new @user = User.new end def create @user = User.new(params[:user]) if @user.save sign_in @user flash[:success] = "Welcome to the Sample App!" redirect_to @user else render 'new' end end def edit @user = User.find(params[:id]) end end

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  • Partially flattening a list

    - by alj
    This is probably a really silly question but, given the example code at the bottom, how would I get a single list that retain the tuples? (I've looked at the itertools but it flattens everything) What I currently get is: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') [('focus', 30, 'text'), ('fiesta', 30, 'text'), ('mondeo', 30, 'text'), ('puma', 30, 'text')] ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') what I would like is a single level list like: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') ('focus', 30, 'text') ('fiesta', 30, 'text') ('mondeo', 30, 'text') ('puma', 30, 'text') ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') def getproducts(): temp_list=[] product_list=['focus','fiesta','mondeo','puma'] #usually this would come from a db for p in product_list: temp_list.append((p,30,'text')) return temp_list def createlist(): column_title_list = ( ("id",20,"integer"), ("companyname",50,"text"), getproducts(), ("contact",50,"text"), ("email",50,"text"), ) return column_title_list for item in createlist(): print item Thanks ALJ

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  • Jquery Validation Central Message Many Errors

    - by Iamjon
    Hi everyone, I have a form that is being valdated with the Jquery Validation Plugin. I have managed to get a centeral message "Please Recheck the form", and to have the input focus on the first error. To get this, I had to override the default message of each of the errors. I was wondering if anyone could help me figure out how I can have it display the error message associated with the first error input instead of a general error message. Here is the code: $("#Help-A-Noobie-Form" ).validate({ invalidHandler: function(form, validator) { $(this).find(":input.error:first").focus(); var message = 'Please Recheck The Form' ; $("#Help-A-Noobie-Form #Message p").addClass('red').html(message); }, showErrors: function(errorMap, errorList) { this.defaultShowErrors(); }, rules: { required:true, email: {email:true}, phone: {digits:true} }, messages: { email: "", phone: "", lastname: "", firstname: "", required:"" } })

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  • Best practice: Define form field name in backend or the template

    - by AbcAeffchen
    If you designing a webpage you should separate the backend from the frontend. But if you use forms you have to name them. But where should you set this name? e.g. PHP: $fieldName = 'email'; $template->setVar('field_name', $fieldName) ... if(!empty($_POST)) validate($_POST[$fieldName]); Template: <input type="text" name="{$field_name}"> Or just PHP: if(!empty($_POST)) validate($_POST['email']); Template: <input type="text" name="email"> Or should I write a function that can be called from the template an converts an array of field data (name, type, value, id, class, ...) into html code? Is there a best practice where to define fieldnames (types,etc.)? Notice: I used php and smarty like pseudocode (and tags), but its a general question.

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  • Jquery Match() IP Address?

    - by user1635970
    I'm using a jquery script to validate form fields. This works well, but I'd like to change the validation of one field to check for IP Addresses. The regex I want to use is : \b(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\b How do I amend the below to work with this ? (This is how the validation works for email address) jQuery("#Email").validate({ expression: "if (VAL.match(/^[^\\W][a-zA-Z0-9\\_\\-\\.]+([a-zA-Z0-9\\_\\-\\.]+)*\\@[a-zA-Z0-9_]+(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)*\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}$/)) return true; else return false;", message: "Should be a valid Email id" });

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  • Help me to break array

    - by Wazzy
    Please Help me getting only emails from this array Mentioning array not in code tags is intentional-Sorry for that array(16) { [0]=> string(273) ""guid":"","contactId":"44","contactName":"_, atri","email":"[email protected]","emaillink":"http:\/\/mrd.mail.yahoo.com\/compose?To=atri_megrez%40yahoo.com","isConnection":false,"connection":"","displayImg":null,"msgrID":"atri_megrez","msgrStatus":"","isMsgrBuddy":122}," [1]=> string(260) ""guid":"","contactId":"100","contactName":"afrin","email":"[email protected]","emaillink":"http:\/\/mrd.mail.yahoo.com\/compose?To=fida_cuty123%40yahoo.com","isConnection":false,"connection":"","displayImg":null,"msgrID":"","msgrStatus":"","isMsgrBuddy":false}," [2]=> string(258) ""guid":"","contactId":"101","contactName":"afrin","email":"[email protected]","emaillink":"http:\/\/mrd.mail.yahoo.com\/compose?To=waliyani%40yahoo.com","isConnection":false,"connection":"","displayImg":null,"msgrID":"","msgrStatus":"","isMsgrBuddy":false}," }

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  • how to avoid storing several times a repeated field of a Symfony form?

    - by user454760
    Hello everybody, I am working with Symfony 1.4 and Doctrine. I have a model A with an email field. The form of A displays an input in which the user should insert the email correctly. But as everybody knows, sometimes they don't do it. To fix this I have inserted an extra field in the model (and in the form), called *repeat_email* to prevent the misspellings. Then, in the validation process, after validating all the fields, i use a global validator to compare the data of the two fields. This works, but I don't want to have the email stored two times in the database (I don't want the *repeat_email*). Is there any mechanism to use it in the validation process, but not to store it in the database? Thanks,

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  • Using Google's Contacts API's, how can I get the user's name and gmail address?

    - by chris
    I know how to get the entire contacts list using Google Contacts API (I get a session token and use Google's Zend package for PHP). But how can I get the person's name and email address? Currently, the Contacts API just seems to give all of the contacts. I'm not sure how to distinguish which email and name out of that list corresponds to the user's account. Is there an easy way to get the user's full name and email address? Any help would be useful. Thanks!

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  • how to don't store a repeated field of a Symfony form?

    - by user454760
    Hello everybody, I am working with Symfony 1.4 and Doctrine. I have a model A with a email field. The form of A, display an input in which the user should insert the email correctly. But as everybody know sometiemes they don't do it. To fix this i have insert an extra field in the model (and in the form), called *repeat_email* to prevent the misspellings. Then, in the validation process, after validates all the fields, i use a global validator to compare the data of the two fields. This works, but i don't want to have the email stored two times in the database (i don't want the *repeat_email*). Is there any mechanism to use it in the validation process, but not to store it in the database? Thanks,

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  • Sending mail from html through php will return to php page. It should be in the same contact form. How to do it?

    - by Ershad
    Hi, I have a html page with all images and other text. Below i have the contact form. i am new to php. I have used php to send mail. But when i click on send button,it is going to backend.php. And i have a blank page. What i need is it should in the same page. I have done some javascript to show and hide div's. With this i am showing a thank u msg in the same page. But i dont want to redirect browser to show it is going to backend.php.TO be in the same page i have redirected php to another window. My code is - backend.php <?php if($_POST['message']) { $body = "Name: ".$_POST['name']; $body .= "<br>Email: ".$_POST['email']; $body .= "<br>Phone/Mobile: ".$_POST['phone'] $body .= "<br>Address: ".$_POST['address'] $body .= "<br>Message: ".$_POST['msg'] if(mail("[email protected]","Subjects",$body)) echo 'true'; else echo 'false;'; } ?> form code - <form onsubmit="return validateFormOnSubmit(this)" action="backend.php" method="post" target="_blank"> <table align="left"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="name">Enter your name:</label> <label style="color:red;display:none;font-size:18px;" Id="namestar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><input Id="name" name="name" style="width:515px;" size="35" maxlength="50" type="text"></td></tr> <tr ><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="email">Email Address:</label> <label style="color:red;display:none;font-size:18px;" Id="emailstar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><input Id="email" name="email" style="width:515px;" type="text"></td></tr> <tr><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="phone">Phone/Mobile:</label><label style="color:red;font-size:18px;display:none;" Id="phonestar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><input Id="phone" name="phone" style="width:515px;" type="text"></td></tr> <tr><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="address">Your Address:</label><label style="color:red;font-size:18px;display:none;" Id="addressstar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><input id="address" name="address" style="width:515px;" type="text"></td></tr> <tr><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="msg">Enter Your Comments / Suggestions / Enquiries</label><label style="color:red;font-size:18px;display:none;" Id="messagestar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><textarea id="msg" name="msg" style="width:515px;height:100px;" type="text"></textarea></td></tr> <tr><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><table align="left"> <tbody> <tr > <td style="width:160px;"/> <td style="width:250px;" ><label Id="mandatory" style="display:none;color:red;" >* Mandatory fields</label></td> <td ><input type="submit" name="send" value="send" /></td><td > <input type="reset" name="reset" value="reset" onclick="resetAll()" /></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

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  • ActiveRecord bug? Or am I getting it wrong? (validates_presence_of if)

    - by Dmitriy Likhten
    Ok: User attr_accessible :name, :email, :email_confirmation validates_presence_of :email_confirmation if :email_changed? What happens in the following situation: u = User.find 1 u.name = 'Fonzi' u.name_changed? # => true u.email_changed? # => false u.valid? # => false : email_confirmation is required Basically, if I change if to unless the validates works as expected, won't validate if the email has not changed, will validate if the email changed. I thought the IF indicates "run this validation if the following function returns true. Seems to work backwards!? Am I just getting it wrong?

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  • How do I do a has_many through association on a has_many through association in rails?

    - by Angela
    Warning: I may have the wrong 'problem statement' but here it goes: A Campaign has many Contacts. A Campaign has many Emails. Therefore, a Contact has many Emails through a Campaign. And an Email can have many Contacts through a Campaign. Each Contact-Email pair has its own unique Status (status1, status2, etc). Each Status (for a Contact-Email pair) will have its own User. I do not know how to model Status, or User. Currently the immediate challenge is Status. (see diagram below)

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  • Grails searchable plugin with hasMany

    - by user2624442
    I am using grails searchable plugin to search my domain classes. However, I cannot yet search by my hasMany (skills and interests) fields even though they are of the simple type String. This is my domain class: class EmpactUser { static searchable = [except: ['dateCreated','password','enabled','accountExpired','accountLocked','passwordExpired']] String username String password boolean enabled = true boolean accountExpired boolean accountLocked boolean passwordExpired String email String firstName String lastName String address String phoneNumber String description byte[] avatar byte[] resume Date dateCreated static hasMany = [ skills : String, interests : String, // each user has the ability to list many skills and interests so that they can be matched with a project. ] static constraints = { username blank: false, unique: true password blank: false email email: true, blank: false firstName blank: false lastName blank: false description nullable: true address nullable: true avatar nullable: true, maxSize: 1024 * 1024 * 10 resume nullable: true, maxSize: 1024 * 1024 * 10 phoneNumber nullable: true, matches: "/[(][+]d{3}[)]d+/", maxSize: 30 } } This is the code I am using to search: def empactUserList = EmpactUser.search( searchQuery, [reload: false, result: "every", defaultOperator: "or"]) Am I missing something? Thanks, Alan.

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  • Can't figure out what's wrong with my php/sql statement

    - by Olegious
    So this is probably a dumb beginner question, but I've been looking at it and can't figure it out. A bit of background: just practicing making a web app, a form on page 1 takes in some values from the user, posts them to the next page which contains the code to connect to the DB and populate the relevant tables. I establish the DB connection successfully, here's the code that contains the query: $conn->query("SET NAMES 'utf9'"); $query_str = "INSERT INTO 'qa'.'users' ('id', 'user_name','password' ,'email' ,'dob' ,'sx') VALUES (NULL, $username, $password, $email, $dob, $sx);"; $result = @$conn->query($query_str); Here's the error that is returned:Insert query failed: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''qa'.'users' ('id', 'user_name' ,'password' ,'email' ,'dob' ,'s' at line 1 Thanks in advance!

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  • Partially fattening a list

    - by alj
    This is probably a really silly question but, given the example code at the bottom, how would I get a single list that retain the tuples? (I've looked at the itertools but it flattens everything) What I currently get is: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') [('focus', 30, 'text'), ('fiesta', 30, 'text'), ('mondeo', 30, 'text'), ('puma', 30, 'text')] ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') what I would like is a single level list like: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') ('focus', 30, 'text') ('fiesta', 30, 'text') ('mondeo', 30, 'text') ('puma', 30, 'text') ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') def getproducts(): temp_list=[] product_list=['focus','fiesta','mondeo','puma'] #usually this would come from a db for p in product_list: temp_list.append((p,30,'text')) return temp_list def createlist(): column_title_list = ( ("id",20,"integer"), ("companyname",50,"text"), getproducts(), ("contact",50,"text"), ("email",50,"text"), ) return column_title_list for item in createlist(): print item Thanks ALJ

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  • Yii CGridView: how to add a static WHERE condtion?

    - by realtebo
    I've a standard Gii created admin view, which use a CGridView, and it's showing my user table data. the problem is that user with name 'root' must NOT BE VISIBLE. Is there a way to add a static where condition " ... and username !='root' " ? admin.php [view] 'columns'=>array( 'id', 'username', 'password', 'realname', 'email', ..... user.php [model] public function search() { // Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that // should not be searched. $criteria=new CDbCriteria; $criteria->compare('id',$this->id); $criteria->compare('username',$this->username,true); $criteria->compare('password',$this->password,true); $criteria->compare('realname',$this->realname,true); $criteria->compare('email',$this->email,true); ...... return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array( 'criteria'=>$criteria, )); }

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  • do you need captcha validation in newsletter subscription?

    - by user354051
    I am using a custom captcha php script along with news letter scripts to let users subscribe using an email id. The method of registration is based on jQuery.post command. My question is that am I really safe If I remove the captcha validation from my subscription script. The subscription is simple. For example mydomain/[email protected] The subscribe.php is called along with email as parameter using jQuery.post command. I am new to web programming stuff and don't have much idea about spammers in conjunction with above scenario. Any advise would greatly be appreciated. Thanks

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  • In ruby is there detailed documentation / information on how "<<" can and should be used (see exampl

    - by kamal
    use a YML file, which has key , value pairs yml_hosts = YAML::load(File.open('hosts.yml')) ..... for each pair yml_hosts.each_pair {|key_hosts , value_hosts| ...... redirect to a String "value_hosts" value_hosts << "#{$.} #{line}" if line =~ /recoverable NFE/ Is there a better way of doing this, since i am using the condition: if ! value_hosts.empty? to do an action, like sending email, etc but value_hosts is never Empty so i always get an email, even though, i ONLY want top get an email, if line =~ /recoverable NFE/

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  • OpenVPN not connecting

    - by LandArch
    There have been a number of post similar to this, but none seem to satisfy my need. Plus I am a Ubuntu newbie. I followed this tutorial to completely set up OpenVPN on Ubuntu 12.04 server. Here is my server.conf file ################################################# # Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for # # multi-client server. # # # # This file is for the server side # # of a many-clients <-> one-server # # OpenVPN configuration. # # # # OpenVPN also supports # # single-machine <-> single-machine # # configurations (See the Examples page # # on the web site for more info). # # # # This config should work on Windows # # or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on # # Windows to quote pathnames and use # # double backslashes, e.g.: # # "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" # # # # Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' # ################################################# # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) local 192.168.13.8 # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? proto tcp ;proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. dev tap0 up "/etc/openvpn/up.sh br0" down "/etc/openvpn/down.sh br0" ;dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca "/etc/openvpn/ca.crt" cert "/etc/openvpn/server.crt" key "/etc/openvpn/server.key" # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. ;server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. server-bridge 192.168.13.101 255.255.255.0 192.168.13.105 192.168.13.200 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. push "route 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0" push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.13.201" push "dhcp-option DOMAIN blahblah.dyndns-wiki.com" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). ;push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. user nobody group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I am using Windows 7 as the Client and set that up accordingly using the OpenVPN GUI. That conf file is as follows: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. dev tap0 up "/etc/openvpn/up.sh br0" down "/etc/openvpn/down.sh br0" ;dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. proto tcp ;proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. blahblah.dyndns-wiki.com 1194 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) user nobody group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca "C:\\Program Files\OpenVPN\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\OpenVPN\config\\ChadMWade-THINK.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\OpenVPN\config\\ChadMWade-THINK.key" # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 Not sure whats left to do.

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  • What's up with LDoms: Part 4 - Virtual Networking Explained

    - by Stefan Hinker
    I'm back from my summer break (and some pressing business that kept me away from this), ready to continue with Oracle VM Server for SPARC ;-) In this article, we'll have a closer look at virtual networking.  Basic connectivity as we've seen it in the first, simple example, is easy enough.  But there are numerous options for the virtual switches and virtual network ports, which we will discuss in more detail now.   In this section, we will concentrate on virtual networking - the capabilities of virtual switches and virtual network ports - only.  Other options involving hardware assignment or redundancy will be covered in separate sections later on. There are two basic components involved in virtual networking for LDoms: Virtual switches and virtual network devices.  The virtual switch should be seen just like a real ethernet switch.  It "runs" in the service domain and moves ethernet packets back and forth.  A virtual network device is plumbed in the guest domain.  It corresponds to a physical network device in the real world.  There, you'd be plugging a cable into the network port, and plug the other end of that cable into a switch.  In the virtual world, you do the same:  You create a virtual network device for your guest and connect it to a virtual switch in a service domain.  The result works just like in the physical world, the network device sends and receives ethernet packets, and the switch does all those things ethernet switches tend to do. If you look at the reference manual of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, there are numerous options for virtual switches and network devices.  Don't be confused, it's rather straight forward, really.  Let's start with the simple case, and work our way to some more sophisticated options later on.  In many cases, you'll want to have several guests that communicate with the outside world on the same ethernet segment.  In the real world, you'd connect each of these systems to the same ethernet switch.  So, let's do the same thing in the virtual world: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw venus We've just created a virtual switch called "admin-vsw" and connected it to the physical device nxge2.  In the physical world, we'd have powered up our ethernet switch and installed a cable between it and our big enterprise datacenter switch.  We then created a virtual network interface for each one of the two guest systems "mars" and "venus" and connected both to that virtual switch.  They can now communicate with each other and with any system reachable via nxge2.  If primary were running Solaris 10, communication with the guests would not be possible.  This is different with Solaris 11, please see the Admin Guide for details.  Note that I've given both the vswitch and the vnet devices some sensible names, something I always recommend. Unless told otherwise, the LDoms Manager software will automatically assign MAC addresses to all network elements that need one.  It will also make sure that these MAC addresses are unique and reuse MAC addresses to play nice with all those friendly DHCP servers out there.  However, if we want to do this manually, we can also do that.  (One reason might be firewall rules that work on MAC addresses.)  So let's give mars a manually assigned MAC address: root@sun # ldm set-vnet mac-addr=0:14:4f:f9:c4:13 admin-net mars Within the guest, these virtual network devices have their own device driver.  In Solaris 10, they'd appear as "vnet0".  Solaris 11 would apply it's usual vanity naming scheme.  We can configure these interfaces just like any normal interface, give it an IP-address and configure sophisticated routing rules, just like on bare metal.  In many cases, using Jumbo Frames helps increase throughput performance.  By default, these interfaces will run with the standard ethernet MTU of 1500 bytes.  To change this,  it is usually sufficient to set the desired MTU for the virtual switch.  This will automatically set the same MTU for all vnet devices attached to that switch.  Let's change the MTU size of our admin-vsw from the example above: root@sun # ldm set-vsw mtu=9000 admin-vsw primary Note that that you can set the MTU to any value between 1500 and 16000.  Of course, whatever you set needs to be supported by the physical network, too. Another very common area of network configuration is VLAN tagging. This can be a little confusing - my advise here is to be very clear on what you want, and perhaps draw a little diagram the first few times.  As always, keeping a configuration simple will help avoid errors of all kind.  Nevertheless, VLAN tagging is very usefull to consolidate different networks onto one physical cable.  And as such, this concept needs to be carried over into the virtual world.  Enough of the introduction, here's a little diagram to help in explaining how VLANs work in LDoms: Let's remember that any VLANs not explicitly tagged have the default VLAN ID of 1. In this example, we have a vswitch connected to a physical network that carries untagged traffic (VLAN ID 1) as well as VLANs 11, 22, 33 and 44.  There might also be other VLANs on the wire, but the vswitch will ignore all those packets.  We also have two vnet devices, one for mars and one for venus.  Venus will see traffic from VLANs 33 and 44 only.  For VLAN 44, venus will need to configure a tagged interface "vnet44000".  For VLAN 33, the vswitch will untag all incoming traffic for venus, so that venus will see this as "normal" or untagged ethernet traffic.  This is very useful to simplify guest configuration and also allows venus to perform Jumpstart or AI installations over this network even if the Jumpstart or AI server is connected via VLAN 33.  Mars, on the other hand, has full access to untagged traffic from the outside world, and also to VLANs 11,22 and 33, but not 44.  On the command line, we'd do this like this: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 pvid=1 vid=11,22,33,44 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=1 vid=11,22,33 admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=33 vid=44 admin-vsw venus Finally, I'd like to point to a neat little option that will make your live easier in all those cases where configurations tend to change over the live of a guest system.  It's the "id=<somenumber>" option available for both vswitches and vnet devices.  Normally, Solaris in the guest would enumerate network devices sequentially.  However, it has ways of remembering this initial numbering.  This is good in the physical world.  In the virtual world, whenever you unbind (aka power off and disassemble) a guest system, remove and/or add network devices and bind the system again, chances are this numbering will change.  Configuration confusion will follow suit.  To avoid this, nail down the initial numbering by assigning each vnet device it's device-id explicitly: root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net id=1 admin-vsw venus Please consult the Admin Guide for details on this, and how to decipher these network ids from Solaris running in the guest. Thanks for reading this far.  Links for further reading are essentially only the Admin Guide and Reference Manual and can be found above.  I hope this is useful and, as always, I welcome any comments.

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  • Windows Azure VMs - New "Stopped" VM Options Provide Cost-effective Flexibility for On-Demand Workloads

    - by KeithMayer
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/KeithMayer/archive/2013/06/22/windows-azure-vms---new-stopped-vm-options-provide-cost-effective.aspxDidn’t make it to TechEd this year? Don’t worry!  This month, we’ll be releasing a new article series that highlights the Best of TechEd announcements and technical information for IT Pros.  Today’s article focuses on a new, much-heralded enhancement to Windows Azure Infrastructure Services to make it more cost-effective for spinning VMs up and down on-demand on the Windows Azure cloud platform. NEW! VMs that are shutdown from the Windows Azure Management Portal will no longer continue to accumulate compute charges while stopped! Previous to this enhancement being available, the Azure platform maintained fabric resource reservations for VMs, even in a shutdown state, to ensure consistent resource availability when starting those VMs in the future.  And, this meant that VMs had to be exported and completely deprovisioned when not in use to avoid compute charges. In this article, I'll provide more details on the scenarios that this enhancement best fits, and I'll also review the new options and considerations that we now have for performing safe shutdowns of Windows Azure VMs. Which scenarios does the new enhancement best fit? Being able to easily shutdown VMs from the Windows Azure Management Portal without continued compute charges is a great enhancement for certain cloud use cases, such as: On-demand dev/test/lab environments - Freely start and stop lab VMs so that they are only accumulating compute charges when being actively used.  "Bursting" load-balanced web applications - Provision a number of load-balanced VMs, but keep the minimum number of VMs running to support "normal" loads. Easily start-up the remaining VMs only when needed to support peak loads. Disaster Recovery - Start-up "cold" VMs when needed to recover from disaster scenarios. BUT ... there is a consideration to keep in mind when using the Windows Azure Management Portal to shutdown VMs: although performing a VM shutdown via the Windows Azure Management Portal causes that VM to no longer accumulate compute charges, it also deallocates the VM from fabric resources to which it was previously assigned.  These fabric resources include compute resources such as virtual CPU cores and memory, as well as network resources, such as IP addresses.  This means that when the VM is later started after being shutdown from the portal, the VM could be assigned a different IP address or placed on a different compute node within the fabric. In some cases, you may want to shutdown VMs using the old approach, where fabric resource assignments are maintained while the VM is in a shutdown state.  Specifically, you may wish to do this when temporarily shutting down or restarting a "7x24" VM as part of a maintenance activity.  Good news - you can still revert back to the old VM shutdown behavior when necessary by using the alternate VM shutdown approaches listed below.  Let's walk through each approach for performing a VM Shutdown action on Windows Azure so that we can understand the benefits and considerations of each... How many ways can I shutdown a VM? In Windows Azure Infrastructure Services, there's three general ways that can be used to safely shutdown VMs: Shutdown VM via Windows Azure Management Portal Shutdown Guest Operating System inside the VM Stop VM via Windows PowerShell using Windows Azure PowerShell Module Although each of these options performs a safe shutdown of the guest operation system and the VM itself, each option handles the VM shutdown end state differently. Shutdown VM via Windows Azure Management Portal When clicking the Shutdown button at the bottom of the Virtual Machines page in the Windows Azure Management Portal, the VM is safely shutdown and "deallocated" from fabric resources.  Shutdown button on Virtual Machines page in Windows Azure Management Portal  When the shutdown process completes, the VM will be shown on the Virtual Machines page with a "Stopped ( Deallocated )" status as shown in the figure below. Virtual Machine in a "Stopped (Deallocated)" Status "Deallocated" means that the VM configuration is no longer being actively associated with fabric resources, such as virtual CPUs, memory and networks. In this state, the VM will not continue to allocate compute charges, but since fabric resources are deallocated, the VM could receive a different internal IP address ( called "Dynamic IPs" or "DIPs" in Windows Azure ) the next time it is started.  TIP: If you are leveraging this shutdown option and consistency of DIPs is important to applications running inside your VMs, you should consider using virtual networks with your VMs.  Virtual networks permit you to assign a specific IP Address Space for use with VMs that are assigned to that virtual network.  As long as you start VMs in the same order in which they were originally provisioned, each VM should be reassigned the same DIP that it was previously using. What about consistency of External IP Addresses? Great question! External IP addresses ( called "Virtual IPs" or "VIPs" in Windows Azure ) are associated with the cloud service in which one or more Windows Azure VMs are running.  As long as at least 1 VM inside a cloud service remains in a "Running" state, the VIP assigned to a cloud service will be preserved.  If all VMs inside a cloud service are in a "Stopped ( Deallocated )" status, then the cloud service may receive a different VIP when VMs are next restarted. TIP: If consistency of VIPs is important for the cloud services in which you are running VMs, consider keeping one VM inside each cloud service in the alternate VM shutdown state listed below to preserve the VIP associated with the cloud service. Shutdown Guest Operating System inside the VM When performing a Guest OS shutdown or restart ( ie., a shutdown or restart operation initiated from the Guest OS running inside the VM ), the VM configuration will not be deallocated from fabric resources. In the figure below, the VM has been shutdown from within the Guest OS and is shown with a "Stopped" VM status rather than the "Stopped ( Deallocated )" VM status that was shown in the previous figure. Note that it may require a few minutes for the Windows Azure Management Portal to reflect that the VM is in a "Stopped" state in this scenario, because we are performing an OS shutdown inside the VM rather than through an Azure management endpoint. Virtual Machine in a "Stopped" Status VMs shown in a "Stopped" status will continue to accumulate compute charges, because fabric resources are still being reserved for these VMs.  However, this also means that DIPs and VIPs are preserved for VMs in this state, so you don't have to worry about VMs and cloud services getting different IP addresses when they are started in the future. Stop VM via Windows PowerShell In the latest version of the Windows Azure PowerShell Module, a new -StayProvisioned parameter has been added to the Stop-AzureVM cmdlet. This new parameter provides the flexibility to choose the VM configuration end result when stopping VMs using PowerShell: When running the Stop-AzureVM cmdlet without the -StayProvisioned parameter specified, the VM will be safely stopped and deallocated; that is, the VM will be left in a "Stopped ( Deallocated )" status just like the end result when a VM Shutdown operation is performed via the Windows Azure Management Portal.  When running the Stop-AzureVM cmdlet with the -StayProvisioned parameter specified, the VM will be safely stopped but fabric resource reservations will be preserved; that is the VM will be left in a "Stopped" status just like the end result when performing a Guest OS shutdown operation. So, with PowerShell, you can choose how Windows Azure should handle VM configuration and fabric resource reservations when stopping VMs on a case-by-case basis. TIP: It's important to note that the -StayProvisioned parameter is only available in the latest version of the Windows Azure PowerShell Module.  So, if you've previously downloaded this module, be sure to download and install the latest version to get this new functionality. Want to Learn More about Windows Azure Infrastructure Services? To learn more about Windows Azure Infrastructure Services, be sure to check-out these additional FREE resources: Become our next "Early Expert"! Complete the Early Experts "Cloud Quest" and build a multi-VM lab network in the cloud for FREE!  Build some cool scenarios! Check out our list of over 20+ Step-by-Step Lab Guides based on key scenarios that IT Pros are implementing on Windows Azure Infrastructure Services TODAY!  Looking forward to seeing you in the Cloud! - Keith Build Your Lab! Download Windows Server 2012 Don’t Have a Lab? Build Your Lab in the Cloud with Windows Azure Virtual Machines Want to Get Certified? Join our Windows Server 2012 "Early Experts" Study Group

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  • Networking in VirtualBox

    - by Fat Bloke
    Networking in VirtualBox is extremely powerful, but can also be a bit daunting, so here's a quick overview of the different ways you can setup networking in VirtualBox, with a few pointers as to which configurations should be used and when. VirtualBox allows you to configure up to 8 virtual NICs (Network Interface Controllers) for each guest vm (although only 4 are exposed in the GUI) and for each of these NICs you can configure: Which virtualized NIC-type is exposed to the Guest. Examples include: Intel PRO/1000 MT Server (82545EM),  AMD PCNet FAST III (Am79C973, the default) or  a Paravirtualized network adapter (virtio-net). How the NIC operates with respect to your Host's physical networking. The main modes are: Network Address Translation (NAT) Bridged networking Internal networking Host-only networking NAT with Port-forwarding The choice of NIC-type comes down to whether the guest has drivers for that NIC.  VirtualBox, suggests a NIC based on the guest OS-type that you specify during creation of the vm, and you rarely need to modify this. But the choice of networking mode depends on how you want to use your vm (client or server) and whether you want other machines on your network to see it. So let's look at each mode in a bit more detail... Network Address Translation (NAT) This is the default mode for new vm's and works great in most situations when the Guest is a "client" type of vm. (i.e. most network connections are outbound). Here's how it works: When the guest OS boots,  it typically uses DHCP to get an IP address. VirtualBox will field this DHCP request and tell the guest OS its assigned IP address and the gateway address for routing outbound connections. In this mode, every vm is assigned the same IP address (10.0.2.15) because each vm thinks they are on their own isolated network. And when they send their traffic via the gateway (10.0.2.2) VirtualBox rewrites the packets to make them appear as though they originated from the Host, rather than the Guest (running inside the Host). This means that the Guest will work even as the Host moves from network to network (e.g. laptop moving between locations), and from wireless to wired connections too. However, how does another computer initiate a connection into a Guest?  e.g. connecting to a web server running in the Guest. This is not (normally) possible using NAT mode as there is no route into the Guest OS. So for vm's running servers we need a different networking mode.... Bridged Networking Bridged Networking is used when you want your vm to be a full network citizen, i.e. to be an equal to your host machine on the network. In this mode, a virtual NIC is "bridged" to a physical NIC on your host, like this: The effect of this is that each VM has access to the physical network in the same way as your host. It can access any service on the network such as external DHCP services, name lookup services, and routing information just as the host does. Logically, the network looks like this: The downside of this mode is that if you run many vm's you can quickly run out of IP addresses or your network administrator gets fed up with you asking for statically assigned IP addresses. Secondly, if your host has multiple physical NICs (e.g. Wireless and Wired) you must reconfigure the bridge when your host jumps networks.  Hmm, so what if you want to run servers in vm's but don't want to involve your network administrator? Maybe one of the next 2 modes is for you... Internal Networking When you configure one or more vm's to sit on an Internal network, VirtualBox ensures that all traffic on that network stays within the host and is only visible to vm's on that virtual network. Configuration looks like this: The internal network ( in this example "intnet" ) is a totally isolated network and so is very "quiet". This is good for testing when you need a separate, clean network, and you can create sophisticated internal networks with vm's that provide their own services to the internal network. (e.g. Active Directory, DHCP, etc). Note that not even the Host is a member of the internal network, but this mode allows vm's to function even when the Host is not connected to a network (e.g. on a plane). Note that in this mode, VirtualBox provides no "convenience" services such as DHCP, so your machines must be statically configured or one of the vm's needs to provide a DHCP/Name service. Multiple internal networks are possible and you can configure vm's to have multiple NICs to sit across internal and other network modes and thereby provide routes if needed. But all this sounds tricky. What if you want an Internal Network that the host participates on with VirtualBox providing IP addresses to the Guests? Ah, then for this, you might want to consider Host-only Networking... Host-only Networking Host-only Networking is like Internal Networking in that you indicate which network the Guest sits on, in this case, "vboxnet0": All vm's sitting on this "vboxnet0" network will see each other, and additionally, the host can see these vm's too. However, other external machines cannot see Guests on this network, hence the name "Host-only". Logically, the network looks like this: This looks very similar to Internal Networking but the host is now on "vboxnet0" and can provide DHCP services. To configure how a Host-only network behaves, look in the VirtualBox Manager...Preferences...Network dialog: Port-Forwarding with NAT Networking Now you may think that we've provided enough modes here to handle every eventuality but here's just one more... What if you cart around a mobile-demo or dev environment on, say, a laptop and you have one or more vm's that you need other machines to connect into? And you are continually hopping onto different (customer?) networks. In this scenario: NAT - won't work because external machines need to connect in. Bridged - possibly an option, but does your customer want you eating IP addresses and can your software cope with changing networks? Internal - we need the vm(s) to be visible on the network, so this is no good. Host-only - same problem as above, we want external machines to connect in to the vm's. Enter Port-forwarding to save the day! Configure your vm's to use NAT networking; Add Port Forwarding rules; External machines connect to "host":"port number" and connections are forwarded by VirtualBox to the guest:port number specified. For example, if your vm runs a web server on port 80, you could set up rules like this:  ...which reads: "any connections on port 8080 on the Host will be forwarded onto this vm's port 80".  This provides a mobile demo system which won't need re-configuring every time you open your laptop lid. Summary VirtualBox has a very powerful set of options allowing you to set up almost any configuration your heart desires. For more information, check out the VirtualBox User Manual on Virtual Networking. -FB 

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  • Rails link to PDF version of show.html.erb

    - by Danny McClelland
    Hi Everyone, I have created a pdf version of our rails application using the Prawn plugin, the page in question is part of the Kase model - the link to the kase is /kases/1 and the link to the pdf version is /kases/1.pdf. How can I add a link within the show.html.erb to the PDF file so whichever page is being viewed it updates the URL to the correct case id? <% content_for :header do -%> <%=h @kase.jobno %> | <%=h @kase.casesubject %> <% end -%> <!-- #START SIDEBAR --> <% content_for :sidebar do -%> <% if @kase.avatar.exists? then %> <%= image_tag @kase.avatar.url %> <% else %> <p style="font-size:smaller"> You can upload an icon for this case that will display here. Usually this would be for the year number icon for easy recognition.</p> <% end %> <% end %> <!-- #END SIDEBAR --> <ul id="kases_showlist"> <li>Date Instructed: <span><%=h @kase.dateinstructed %></span></li> <li>Client Company: <span><%=h @kase.clientcompanyname %></span></li> <li>Client Reference: <span><%=h @kase.clientref %></span></li> <li>Case Subject: <span><%=h @kase.casesubject %></span></li> <li>Transport<span><%=h @kase.transport %></span></li> <li>Goods<span><%=h @kase.goods %></span></li> <li>Case Status: <span><%=h @kase.kase_status %></span></li> <li>Client Company Address: <span class="address"><%=h @kase.clientcompanyaddress %></span></li> <li>Client Company Fax: <span><%=h @kase.clientcompanyfax %></span></li> <li>Case Handler: <span><%=h @kase.casehandlername %></span></li> <li>Case Handler Tel: <span><%=h @kase.casehandlertel %></span></li> <li>Case Handler Email: <span><%=h @kase.casehandleremail %></span></li> <li>Claimant Name: <span><%=h @kase.claimantname %></span></li> <li>Claimant Address: <span class="address"><%=h @kase.claimantaddress %></span></li> <li>Claimant Contact: <span><%=h @kase.claimantcontact %></span></li> <li>Claimant Tel: <span><%=h @kase.claimanttel %></span></li> <li>Claiment Mob: <span><%=h @kase.claimantmob %></span></li> <li>Claiment Email: <span><%=h @kase.claimantemail %></span></li> <li>Claimant URL: <span><%=h @kase.claimanturl %></span></li> <li>Comments: <span><%=h @kase.comments %></span></li> </ul> <!--- START FINANCE INFORMATION --> <div id="kase_finances"> <div class="js_option"> <h2>Financial Options</h2><p class="finance_showhide"><%= link_to_function "Show","Element.show('finance_showhide');" %> / <%= link_to_function "Hide","Element.hide('finance_showhide');" %></p> </div> <div id="finance_showhide" style="display:none"> <ul id="kases_new_finance"> <li>Invoice Number<span><%=h @kase.invoicenumber %></span></li> <li>Net Amount<span><%=h @kase.netamount %></span></li> <li>VAT<span><%=h @kase.vat %></span></li> <li>Gross Amount<span><%=h @kase.grossamount %></span></li> <li>Date Closed<span><%=h @kase.dateclosed %></span></li> <li>Date Paid<span><%=h @kase.datepaid %></span></li> </ul></div> </div> <!--- END FINANCE INFORMATION --> <%= link_to 'Edit Case', edit_kase_path(@kase) %> | <%= link_to 'Back', kases_path %> | <a href="#">Top</a> <div style="width:120%; height: 50px; background-color: black; margin: 10px 0 0 -19px; padding: 0; background-color: #d4d4d4;">&nbsp;</div> <div class="js_option_kaseemails"> <%= link_to_function "Show", "Element.show('newinstructionemail1');" %> / <%= link_to_function "Hide", "Element.hide('newinstructionemail1');" %> </div> <h3>New Instruction Email</h3> <div id="newinstructionemail1" style="display:none"> <p class="kase_email_output"> Hi,<br /> <br /> Many thanks for your instructions in the subject matter.<br /> <br /> We have allocated reference number <%=h @kase.jobno %> to the above claim.<br /> <br /> We have started our inquiries and will be in touch.<br /> <br /> Best Regards,<br /> <br /> <strong><%=h current_user.name %></strong> <br /> McClelland &amp; Co<br /> PO Box 149<br /> Southport<br /> PR8 4GZ<br /> <br /> Tel: +(0) 1704 569871<br /> Fax: +(0) 1704 562234<br /> Mob: <%=h current_user.mobile %><br /> E-mail: <%= current_user.email %><br /> <br /> This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you receive this e-mail in error please notify the originator of the message. <br /><br /> McClelland &amp; Co has taken every reasonable precaution to ensure that any attachment to this e-mail has been checked for viruses but it is strongly recommended that you carry out your own virus check before opening any attachment. McClelland &amp; Co cannot accept liability for any damage sustained as a result of software virus infection. </p> <%= link_to 'Edit Case', edit_kase_path(@kase) %> | <%= link_to 'Back', kases_path %> | <a href="#">Top</a> </div> <div style="width:120%; height: 20px; background-color: black; margin: 10px 0 0 -19px; padding: 0; background-color: #d4d4d4;">&nbsp;</div> <div class="js_option_kaseemails"> <%= link_to_function "Show", "Element.show('newinstructionemail');" %> / <%= link_to_function "Hide", "Element.hide('newinstructionemail');" %> </div> <h3>New Instruction Email</h3> <div id="newinstructionemail" style="display:none"> <p class="kase_email_output"> Hi,<br /> <br /> Many thanks for your instructions in the subject matter.<br /> <br /> We have allocated reference number <%=h @kase.jobno %> to the above claim.<br /> <br /> We have started our inquiries and will be in touch.<br /> <br /> Best Regards,<br /> <br /> <strong><%=h current_user.name %></strong> <br /> McClelland &amp; Co<br /> PO Box 149<br /> Southport<br /> PR8 4GZ<br /> <br /> Tel: +(0) 1704 569871<br /> Fax: +(0) 1704 562234<br /> Mob: <%=h current_user.mobile %><br /> E-mail: <%= current_user.email %><br /> <br /> This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you receive this e-mail in error please notify the originator of the message. <br /><br /> McClelland &amp; Co has taken every reasonable precaution to ensure that any attachment to this e-mail has been checked for viruses but it is strongly recommended that you carry out your own virus check before opening any attachment. McClelland &amp; Co cannot accept liability for any damage sustained as a result of software virus infection. </p> <%= link_to 'Edit Case', edit_kase_path(@kase) %> | <%= link_to 'Back', kases_path %> | <a href="#">Top</a> </div> <div style="width:120%; height: 20px; background-color: black; margin: 10px 0 0 -19px; padding: 0; background-color: #d4d4d4;">&nbsp;</div> <div class="js_option_kaseemails"> <%= link_to_function "Show", "Element.show('newinstructionemail2');" %> / <%= link_to_function "Hide", "Element.hide('newinstructionemail2');" %> </div> <h3>New Instruction Email</h3> <div id="newinstructionemail2" style="display:none;"> <p class="kase_email_output"> Hi,<br /> <br /> Many thanks for your instructions in the subject matter.<br /> <br /> We have allocated reference number <%=h @kase.jobno %> to the above claim.<br /> <br /> We have started our inquiries and will be in touch.<br /> <br /> Best Regards,<br /> <br /> <strong><%=h current_user.name %></strong> <br /> McClelland &amp; Co<br /> PO Box 149<br /> Southport<br /> PR8 4GZ<br /> <br /> Tel: +(0) 1704 569871<br /> Fax: +(0) 1704 562234<br /> Mob: <%=h current_user.mobile %><br /> E-mail: <%= current_user.email %><br /> <br /> This e-mail and any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you receive this e-mail in error please notify the originator of the message. <br /><br /> McClelland &amp; Co has taken every reasonable precaution to ensure that any attachment to this e-mail has been checked for viruses but it is strongly recommended that you carry out your own virus check before opening any attachment. McClelland &amp; Co cannot accept liability for any damage sustained as a result of software virus infection. </p> <%= link_to 'Edit Case', edit_kase_path(@kase) %> | <%= link_to 'Back', kases_path %> | <a href="#">Top</a> </div> Thanks, Danny

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  • Passing variables to shopping cart with Javascript

    - by albatross
    This question is an extension of this one: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2359238/calculate-order-price-by-date-selection-value I'm trying to make a conference registration page based off the previous page, which passes the variables(name, email, price) to my organization's outdated shopping cart using javascript. I'm also using Seminar Registration by CSSTricks (http://css-tricks.com/examples/SeminarRegTutorial/) Currently, my proceed to payment button produces an 'element is undefined' error on line 298(same thing on unresolved previous question, linked above^): switch (document.Information.amount.value) { Any help would be greatly appreciated. I'm at my wits end with this. Here is the page: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>Seminar Registration Form with jQuery</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css" media="screen" /> <script src="js/jquery-1.2.6.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="js/form-fun.jquery.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <!--[if IE]> <style type="text/css"> legend { position: relative; top: -30px; } fieldset { margin: 30px 10px 0 0; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $("#step_2 legend").css({ opacity: 0.5 }); $("#step_3 legend").css({ opacity: 0.5 }); }); </script> <![endif]--> </head> <body> <div id="page-wrap"> <h1>Conference <span>Registration</span></h1> <form action="#" method="post"> <fieldset id="step_1"> <legend>Step 1</legend> <label for="num_attendees"> How cool are you? </label> <select id="amount"> <option id="0" value="0">Please Choose</option> <option id="prof" value="90.00">Professional</option> <option id="grad" value="55.00">Graduate Student</option> </select> <br /> <div id="attendee_1_wrap" class="name_wrap push"> <h3>Who are you?</h3> <p> <label for="FirstName"> First Name: </label> <input type="text" id="FirstName" class="name_input"></input> </p> <p> <label for="LastName"> Last Name: </label> <input type="text" id="LastName" class="name_input"></input> </p> <p> <label for="OfficialTitle"> Official Title: </label> <input type="text" id="OfficialTitle" class="name_input"></input> </p> <h3>How do we find you?</h3> <label for="email">Email: </label> <input id="email" name="email" class="required email" /> </p> <p> <label for="Address">Street Address: </label><input name="Address" id="Address" type="text" size="20" maxlength="75" /> </p> <p> <label for="City">City: </label><input name="City" id="City" /> </p> <p> <label for="State">State: </label><select name="State" id="State"> <option selected value="IL">IL</option> <option value="AL">AL</option> <option value="AK">AK</option> <option value="AZ">AZ</option> <option value="AR">AR</option> <option value="CA">CA</option> <option value="CO">CO</option> <option value="CT">CT</option> <option value="DE">DE</option> <option value="DC">DC</option> <option value="FL">FL</option> <option value="GA">GA</option> <option value="HI">HI</option> <option value="ID">ID</option> <option value="IN">IN</option> <option value="IA">IA</option> <option value="KS">KS</option> <option value="KY">KY</option> <option value="LA">LA</option> <option value="ME">ME</option> <option value="MD">MD</option> <option value="MA">MA</option> <option value="MI">MI</option> <option value="MN">MN</option> <option value="MS">MS</option> <option value="MO">MO</option> <option value="MT">MT</option> <option value="NE">NE</option> <option value="NV">NV</option> <option value="NH">NH</option> <option value="NJ">NJ</option> <option value="NM">NM</option> <option value="NY">NY</option> <option value="NC">NC</option> <option value="ND">ND</option> <option value="OH">OH</option> <option value="OK">OK</option> <option value="OR">OR</option> <option value="PA">PA</option> <option value="RI">RI</option> <option value="SC">SC</option> <option value="SD">SD</option> <option value="TN">TN</option> <option value="TX">TX</option> <option value="UT">UT</option> <option value="VT">VT</option> <option value="VA">VA</option> <option value="WA">WA</option> <option value="WV">WV</option> <option value="WI">WI</option> <option value="WY">WY</option> </select> </p> <p> <label for="Zip">Zip Code: </label><input name="Zip" id="Zip" type="text" value="" size="5" maxlength="10" /> </p> <p> <label for="Phone">Telephone: </label><input name="Phone" id="Phone" type="text" value="" size="10" maxlength="13" /> </p> </div> </fieldset> <fieldset id="step_2"> <legend>Step 2</legend> <p> Do you work in Higher Education? </p> <input type="radio" id="company_name_toggle_on" name="company_name_toggle_group"></input> <label for="company_name_toggle_on">Yes</label> &emsp; <input type="radio" id="company_name_toggle_off" name="company_name_toggle_group"></input> <label for="company_name_toggle_off">No</label> <div id="company_name_wrap"> <label for="company_name"> Which School? </label> <input type="text" id="company_name"></input> </div> <div class="push"> <p> Will anyone in your group require special accommodations? </p> <input type="radio" id="special_accommodations_toggle_on" name="special_accommodations_toggle"></input> <label for="special_accommodations_toggle_on">Yes</label> &emsp; <input type="radio" id="special_accommodations_toggle_off" name="special_accommodations_toggle"></input> <label for="special_accommodations_toggle_off">No</label> </div> <div id="special_accommodations_wrap"> <label for="special_accomodations_text"> Please explain below: </label> <textarea rows="10" cols="10" id="special_accomodations_text"></textarea> </div> </fieldset> <fieldset id="step_3"> <legend>Step 3</legend> <label for="rock"> Are you ready to rock? </label> <input type="checkbox" id="rock"></input> <p> <INPUT onclick="javascript:PaymentButtonClick()" type=button value="Proceed to payment" name=PaymentButton> <img src="images/visa1.gif" /> <img src="images/mastercard1.gif" /> </p> </fieldset> </form> </div> <FORM name="emailForm" action="mailform.asp" method=post"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="Conference Registration" name="mf_subject"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="Yes" name="mf_email_results"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0" size="20" name="num_attendees"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0" size="17" name="FirstName"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0" size="22" name="LastName"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" size="64" name="OfficialTitle"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" size="40" name="email"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" size="48" name="Address"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0" size="17" name="City"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0" size="17" name="State"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0" size="17" name="Zip"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0" size="17" name="Phone"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffa0" size="17" name="company_name"> <INPUT type="hidden" title="" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" size="20" name="special_accomodations_text"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="[email protected]" name="mf_from"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="[email protected]" name="mf_to"> </FORM> <FORM name="addform" action="https://webcluster.niu.edu/CreditCard/servlet/Shopping_Cart_Add_Item_Servlet" method="post"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="orient" name="Dept_ID"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="Orientation" name="Product_Name"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="z000000" name="Product_Code"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="" name="amount"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="/orientation/index.shtml" name="return_link"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="http://www.niu.edu" name="return_server"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="1" name="quantity"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="0" name="tax"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="0" name="ship"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="DQ83225" name="sale_id"> <INPUT type="hidden" value="XXXXXX" name="sale_acct"> </FORM> <SCRIPT language="Javascript"> function PaymentButtonClick() { switch (document.Information.amount.value) { case 'prof': document.Information.amount.value = 90.00; break; case 'grad': document.Information.amount.value = 55.00; break; } document.addform.Product_Name.value = document.Information.FirstName.value + ","+ document.Information.LastName.value+","+ document.Information.OfficialTitle.value+","+ document.Information.email.name+","+","+ document.Information.Address.value+ "," + document.Information.City.value+ "," + document.Information.State.value+ "," + document.Information.Zip.value+ "," + document.Information.Phone.value+ "," + document.Information.company_name.value+ "," + document.Information.special_accomodations_text.value; document.addform.Product_Code.value = document.Information.LastName.value; if ((document.Information.UCheck.checked==true) && (document.Information.altDate1.value != "") && (document.Information.altDate1.value != "x")) { if (document.Information.StudentLastName.value != "" || document.Information.StudentFirstName.value != "" || document.Information.StudentID.value != "" ) { document.addform.submit(); } else { alert("Please enter missing information"); } } } </SCRIPT> </body> </html>

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