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• Are there programs that iteratively write new programs?

  - by chris

  For about a year I have been thinking about writing a program that writes programs. This would primarily be a playful exercise that might teach me some new concepts. My inspiration came from negentropy and the ability for order to emerge from chaos and new chaos to arise out of order in infinite succession. To be more specific, the program would start by writing a short random string. If the string compiles the programs will log it for later comparison. If the string does not compile the program will try to rewrite it until it does compile. As more strings (mini 'useless' programs) are logged they can be parsed for similarities and used to generate a grammar. This grammar can then be drawn on to write more strings that have a higher probability of compilation than purely random strings. This is obviously more than a little silly, but I thought it would be fun to try and grow a program like this. And as a byproduct I get a bunch of unique programs that I can visualize and call art. I'll probably write this in Ruby due to its simple syntax and dynamic compilation and then I will visualize in processing using ruby-processing. What I would like to know is: Is there a name for this type of programming? What currently exists in this field? Who are the primary contributors? BONUS! - In what ways can I procedurally assign value to output programs beyond compiles(y/n)? I may want to extend the functionality of this program to generate a program based on parameters, but I want the program to define those parameters through running the programs that compile and assigning meaning to the programs output. This question is probably more involved than reasonable for a bonus, but if you can think of a simple way to get something like this done in less than 23 lines or one hyperlink, please toss it into your response. I know that this is not quite meta-programming and from the little I know of AI and generative algorithms they are usually more goal oriented than what I am thinking. What would be optimal is a program that continually rewrites and improves itself so I don't have to ^_^

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• Django admin fails when using includes in urlpatterns

  - by zenWeasel

  I am trying to refactor out my application a little bit to keep it from getting too unwieldily. So I started to move some of the urlpatterns out to sub files as the documentation proposes. Besides that fact that it just doesn't seem to be working (the items are not being rerouted) but when I go to the admin, it says that 'urlpatterns has not been defined'. The urls.py I have at the root of my application is: if settings.ENABLE_SSL: urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^checkout/orderform/onepage/(\w*)/$','checkout.views.one_page_orderform',{'SSL':True},'commerce.checkout.views.single_product_orderform'), ) else: urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^checkout/orderform/onepage/(\w*)/$','commerce.checkout.views.single_product_orderform'), ) urlpatterns+= patterns('', (r'^$', 'alchemysites.views.route_to_home'), (r'^%s/' % settings.DAJAXICE_MEDIA_PREFIX, include('dajaxice.urls')), (r'^/checkout/', include('commerce.urls')), (r'^/offers',include('commerce.urls')), (r'^/order/',include('commerce.urls')), (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), (r'^accounts/login/$', login), (r'^accounts/logout/$', logout), (r'^(?P<path>.*)/$','alchemysites.views.get_path'), (r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), The urls I have moved out so far are the checkout/offers/order which are all subapps of 'commerce' where the urls.py for the apps are so to be clear. /urls.py in questions (included here) /commerce/urls.py where the urls.py I want to include is: order_info = { 'queryset': Order.objects.all(), } urlpatterns+= patterns('', (r'^offers/$','offers.views.start_offers'), (r'^offers/([a-zA-Z0-9-]*)/order/(\d*)/add/([a-zA-Z0-9-]*)/(\w*)/next/([a-zA-Z0-9-)/$','offers.views.show_offer'), (r'^reports/orders/$', list_detail.object_list,order_info), ) and the applications offers lies under commerce. And so the additional problem is that admin will not work at all, so I'm thinking because I killed it somewhere with my includes. Things I have checked for: Is the urlpatterns variable accidentally getting reset somewhere (i.e. urlpatterns = patterns, instead of urlpatterns+= patterns) Are the patterns in commerce.urls valid (yes, when moved back to root they work). So from there I am stumped. I can move everything back into the root, but was trying to get a little decoupled, not just for theoretical reason but for some short terms ones. Lastly if I enter www.domainname/checkout/orderform/onepage/xxxjsd I get the correct page. However, entering www.domainname/checkout/ gets handled by the alchemysites.views.get_path. If not the answer (because this is pretty darn specific), then is there a good way for troubleshoot urls.py? It seems to just be trial and error. Seems there should be some sort of parser that will tell you what your urlpatterns will do.

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• Another C datatypes question

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Hello. Well, I completely get the most basic datatypes of C, like short, int, long, float, to be exact, all numerical types.These types are needed to be known perform right operations with right numbers. For example to use FPU to add two float numbers. So the compiler must know what the type is. But, when it comes to characters I am little bit off. I know that basic C datatype char is there for ASCII characters coding. But what I don´t know is, why you even need another datatype for characters. Why could not you just use 1 byte integer value to store ASCII character. If you call printf, you apecify the datatype in the call, so you could say to printf that the integer represents ASCII character. I dont know how cout resolves datatype, but I guess you could just specify it somehow. Another thing is, when you want to use Unicode, you must use datatype wchar. But, what if I would like to use some another, for example ISO, or Windows coding instead of UTF? Becouse wchar codes characters as UTF-16 or UTF-32 (I read its compiler specific). And, what if I would want to use for example some imaginary new 8 byte text coding? What datatype should I use for it? I am actually pretty confused of this, becouse I always expected that if I want to use UTF-32 instead of ASCII, I just tell compiler "get UTF-32 value of the character I typed and save it into 4 char field." I thought that text coding is to be dealt with by the end, print function for example. That I just need to specify the coding for the compiler to use, since Windows doesent use ASCII in win32 apps, I guess C compiler must convert the char I typed to ASCII from whatever the type is that windows sends to the C editor. And the last thing is, what if I want to use for example 25 Byte integer for some high math operations? C has no specify-yourself datatype. Yes, I know that this would be difficult since all the math operations would need to be changed, becouse CPU can not add 25 Bytes numbers together. But is there a way to do it? Or is there some math library for it? What if I want to compute Pi to 1000000000000000 digits? :) I know my question is pretty long, but I just wanted to explain my thoughts the best I can in English, since its not my native language it is difficult. And I believe there is simple answer to my question(s), something I missed that explains everything. I read lot about text coding, C tutorials, but nothing about his. Thank you for your time.

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• How do we, as a community, help encourage programming in public schools? (Or state Schools for the U

  - by NoMoreZealots

  PRIMARY MOTIVATION My office gets involved with the "First Robotics" competitions and one thing that lingers year to year is the students typically have no preparation for doing even simple programming as part of the public schools system. While the science classes provide some basic grasp of mechanical and electrical concepts, by in large computer programming gets no coverage from the curriculum. (This my be different in other areas of the country/world.) What makes it worse is there is only a short period of time you have to prepare the student's and help them design the robot. Talking to some professors from local colleges, it's a problem because you can't assume even the most basic understanding for freshman CS majors. Languages like Python, Lua and BASIC are simple enough for at least high school level students, if not younger. SCOPE So how do you get public schools to support a programming, at least to the level of "Try it in BASIC" examples that used to be at the end of a chapter in my Algebra book? At least enough to prepare them for event's such as the FIRST Robotic competitions. Which the primary objectives are to teach problem solving and team work, and to possible foster an interest in Math, Science and Engineering in general. (Not force feed to them, as some people her seem to be implying.) Edit: Why teach kids: (Since 2000 CS enrollment in US colleges has decreased by 70% while college enrollment has increased, this is a PROBLEM.) Saying there is no value in teaching someone programming in Jr./High school because they might think "they know programming." Is like saying there's no value in teaching High school science and physics, because they might decide they "know physics." Leading to abuse like: "I passed a high school physics class, I'm going to develop a Unified Quantum Gravitational Theory." Better Prepared students are better students. Instead it would allows college programs to raise the bar on the entry level courses, allowing students to be weeded out based on their understanding of more advanced material. Plus people who did poorly in that in topic in High school aren't as likely to say "I think there's money in computer's so I'll computer science." Plus if people take it in high school and decide THEN that it's not for them, it's better than them wasting their money to PAY a college to figure that out. The result is that people who take the degree are more likely to succeed and be there for the RIGHT reasons. (i.e. It's what they REALLY want to do. And that's REALLY the key to being good at anything.) Programming is like anything else, the more practice and genuine interest you have the better you get. If you start them later, they get less practice. The earlier give them the opportunity to start, the more practice they will get. All other things equal, the more practice the better the programmer.

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• JPopupMenu getParent() returning a null?

  - by Zenzen

  Ok so I'm working on an Eclipse plugin based on the JGraph example. The problem is I can't really get the "save" method to work, here's how the program works in short: - I have a DiagramEditor class with an init() method, where I create a GraphEditor object and call the createFrame() methord of that object. - GraphEditor extends the BasicGraphEditor (which extends JPanel), the createFrame() method returns a JFrame and has a line "frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar)" - the "menuBar" is an object variable, which is initialized in the BasicGraphEditor. Till here everything is cool, the problem is with the action listener which is supposed to save a file. To get the graph I need to get the GraphEditor component, so I do a Component component = (Component) e.getSource() whitch is the ActionEvent passed to that action listener and at that stage is the JMenuItem "save", then I get the parent which is the JPopupMenu, then I want to get that JPopupMenu's parent which should be the GraphEdiotor, but instead I get a null. Any idea why? Here's some source code: DiagramEditor.java: @Override public void init(IEditorSite site, IEditorInput input) throws PartInitException { setSite(site); setInput(input); this.diagram = ((DiagramEditorInput)input).getDiagram(); setPartName(this.diagram.getName()); gEditor = new GraphEditor(); gEditor.createFrame().setVisible(true); } BasicGraphEditor.java: public JFrame createFrame() { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.getContentPane().add(this); frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar); //frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(870, 640); return frame; } In the constructor: menuBar = new JMenuBar(); menu = new JMenu("File"); menu.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_F); menuBar.add(menu); JMenuItem openMenuItem = new JMenuItem("Open", KeyEvent.VK_O); // ADD FILE OPENING //openMenuItem.addActionListener(menuListener); menu.add(openMenuItem); JMenuItem saveMenuItem = new JMenuItem("Save", new ImageIcon("/images/save.gif")); saveMenuItem.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_S); saveMenuItem.addActionListener( new SaveAction(false) ); menu.add(saveMenuItem); // menu.add(new SaveAction(false)); JMenuItem saveMenuItemAs = new JMenuItem("SaveAs", new ImageIcon("/images/saveas.gif")); //saveMenuItemAs.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_S); saveMenuItemAs.addActionListener( new SaveAction(true) ); menu.add(saveMenuItemAs); //menu.add(new SaveAction(true)); JMenuItem closeMenuItem = new JMenuItem("Close", KeyEvent.VK_C); closeMenuItem.addActionListener( new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.exit(0); } } ); menu.add(closeMenuItem);

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• Ninject with Object Initializers and LINQ

  - by Alexander Kahoun

  I'm new to Ninject so what I'm trying may not even be possible but I wanted to ask. I free-handed the below so there may be typos. Let's say I have an interface: public interface IPerson { string FirstName { get; set; } string LastName { get; set;} string GetFullName(); } And a concrete: public class Person : IPerson { public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public string GetFullName() { return String.Concat(FirstName, " ", LastName); } } What I'm used to doing is something like this when I'm retrieving data from arrays or xml: public IEnumerable<IPerson> GetPeople(string xml) { XElement persons = XElement.Parse(xml); IEnumerable<IPerson> people = ( from person in persons.Descendants("person") select new Person { FirstName = person.Attribute("FName").Value, LastName = person.Attribute("LName").Value }).ToList(); return people; } I don't want to tightly couple the concrete to the interface in this manner. I haven't been able to find any information in regards to using Ninject with LINQ to Objects or with object initializers. I may be looking in the wrong places, but I've been searching for a day now with no luck at all. I was contemplating putting the kernel into an singleton instance and seeing if that would work, but I'm not sure that it will plus I've heard that passing your kernel around is a bad thing. I'm trying to implement this in a class library currently. If this is not possible, does anyone have any examples or suggestions as to what the best practice is in this case? Thanks in advance for the help. EDIT: Based on some of the answers I feel I should clarify. Yes, the example above appears short lived but it was simply an example of one piece that I was trying to do. Let's give a bigger picture. Say instead of XML I am gathering all my data through a 3rd party web service and I'm creating an interface for it, the data could be a defined object in the wsdl or it could sometimes be an xml string. IPerson could be used for both the Person object and a User object. I will be doing this inside of a separate class library, because it needs to be portable and will be used in other projects, and handing it to an MVC3 Web Application and the objects will be used in javascript as well. I appreciate all the input so far.

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• feeling insufficient while looking for a programming job ...

  - by user325661

  Hello everybody It's really dream to be programmer for me.So i always wanted to be .I had so small knowledges from commodore basic which i couldn't figure out anything in it .Then i tried to learn Visual basic 6 by myself and result wasn't good as i expected because i even didn't understand classes.Then i left to learning programming and to dream to be programmer. But challenge hadn't finished yet . After all of these i started to learn c# and i did chess engine which i hadn't believe that i can create one.I sometimes feel that i understand many thing about programming like knowing classes ,inheritance,abstract class and methods why exist , interfaces ,extension methods ,static classes ,threads. but i am not expert all in it . i just know that as i need . i don't know still i will learn many thing about these.i have also learned html, css2 , php and database concepts a little sql ,tables relations between primary keys etc but i haven't used them in praticaly . i just did some samples so i feel i am lack of knowledges. As a result still i can't evaluate my skills and can't decide what is my level.I just feel myself one step ahead of junior sometimes :) . Still can't decide that it is time to job seeking. While searching job on web i have never seen a junior advertisement. All looking for a good experiencing one.Nobody care about juniors. When found job advertisement which i feel sufficient myself a little then i start to feel that i think i can't do what they want from me and loosing job after have it in short time would leave many crap feelings into my low self-confidence. Please advise me something ... Also i want to ask some of concentrate questions. 1) If i enter a job which i can't provide their expectations should be in employers responsibility to test me while apply the job ? 2) If i answer "yes , i can " questions which is abstract(for example: can u do something like this) would be my responsibility ? Because such abstract questions is not clear and can't know before start it what i really can or not . 3) i have no professional experiences in this job so i even don't know how teams working on projects but a friend of me said that programmers only write method bodies while seniors create all project.So it looks what i can do really easy but i feel that small companies doesn't work like this so it is better work in a big company for starting who has seniors? 4)last applied job was looking for c# . net developer but then i learn that they need .net web developer.Does it take long time to learn specific sides of web programming while knowing c# desktop programming ? Thanks for all answers since now.

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• Consolidating coding styles: Funcs, private method, single method classes

  - by jdoig

  Hi all, We currently have 3 devs with, some, conflicting styles and I'm looking for a way to bring peace to the kingdom... The Coders: Foo 1: Likes to use Func's & Action's inside public methods. He uses actions to alias off lengthy method calls and Func's to perform simple tasks that can be expressed in 1 or 2 lines and will be used frequently through out the code Pros: The main body of his code is succinct and very readable, often with only one or 2 public methods per class and rarely any private methods. Cons: The start of methods contain blocks of lambda rich code that other developers don't enjoy reading; and, on occasion, can contain higher order functions that other dev's REALLY don't like reading. Foo 2: Likes to create a private method for (almost) everything the public method will have to do . Pros: Public methods remain small and readable (to all developers). Cons: Private methods are numerous. With private methods that call into other private methods, that call into... etc, etc. Making code hard to navigate. Foo 3: Likes to create a public class with a, single, public method for every, non-trivial, task that needs performing, then dependency inject them into other objects. Pros: Easily testable, easy to understand (one object, one responsibility). Cons: project gets littered by classes, opening multiple class files to understand what code does makes navigation awkward. It would be great to take the best of all these techniques... Foo-1 Has really nice, readable (almost dsl-like) code... for the most part, except for all the Action and Func lambda shenanigans bulked together at the start of a method. Foo-3 Has highly testable and extensible code that just feels a bit "belt-&-braces" for some solutions and has some code-navigation niggles (constantly hitting F12 in VS and opening 5 other .cs files to find out what a single method does). And Foo-2... Well I'm not sure I like anything about the one-huge .cs file with 2 public methods and 12 private ones, except for the fact it's easier for juniors to dig into. I admit I grossly over-simplified the explanations of those coding styles; but if any one knows of any patterns, practices or diplomatic-manoeuvres that can help unite our three developers (without just telling any of them to just "stop it!") that would be great. From a feasibility standpoint : Foo-1's style meets with the most resistance due to some developers finding lambda and/or Func's hard to read. Foo-2's style meets with a less resistance as it's just so easy to fall into. Foo-3's style requires the most forward thinking and is difficult to enforce when time is short. Any ideas on some coding styles or conventions that can make this work?

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• Weird javascript problem...

  - by Silvio Iannone

  Hi there, i'm building a page that is dinamically loaded with ajax. This is what the '$.get' jQuery function calls (this is located on an external HTML page): <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('button').sb_animateButton(); $('input').sb_animateInput(); $('#settings_security_error').hide(); }); function check_passwords(password, password_confirm) { $('#settings_security_error').show(); alert('I\'m in funcion!'); // This works... if(password.length < 4) // ... this doesn't { $('#settings_security_error').innerHTML = 'Password too short'; } else { password = hex_md5(password); password_confirm = hex_md5(password_confirm); $.get('/engine/ajax/check_password.php?password=' + password + '$password_confirm=' + password_confirm, {language: "php", version: 5}, function(result) { $('#settings_security_error').innerHTML = result; }, 'html'); } } </script> <div class="title">Security</div> <table class="sub_container"> <tr> <td><label>Old password</label></td> <td class="td_input"><input type="password" name="old_password"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td><label>New password</label></td> <td class="td_input"><input type="password" name="new_password" id="settings_security_new_password" onkeyup="check_passwords(this.value, getElementById('settings_security_password_confirm').value)"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td><label>Confirm password</label></td> <td class="td_input"><input type="password" name="new_password_confirm" id="settings_security_password_confirm" onkeyup="check_passwords(getElementById('settings_security_new_password').value, this.value)"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="td_error" id="settings_security_error"></td> </tr> </table> And this is where the external HTML is placed...: <div id="settings_appearance"> </div> ... from this javascript snippet: function get_page_content(page, target_id) { $.get('engine/ajax/get_page_content.php?page=' + page, null, function(result) { $("#"+target_id).html(result); // Or whatever you need to insert the result }, 'html'); } Well... the problem is that the javascript in the first snippet is executed when it's loaded by the $.get function, but i still can't understand the reason why when i type into the input boxes nothing happen. It should write the output of the javascript function check_passwords(password, password_confirm) in <td class="td_error" id="settings_security_error"></td>. Thanks for helping. Silvio

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• java concurrency: many writers, one reader

  - by Janning

  I need to gather some statistics in my software and i am trying to make it fast and correct, which is not easy (for me!) first my code so far with two classes, a StatsService and a StatsHarvester public class StatsService { private Map<String, Long> stats = new HashMap<String, Long>(1000); public void notify ( String key ) { Long value = 1l; synchronized (stats) { if (stats.containsKey(key)) { value = stats.get(key) + 1; } stats.put(key, value); } } public Map<String, Long> getStats ( ) { Map<String, Long> copy; synchronized (stats) { copy = new HashMap<String, Long>(stats); stats.clear(); } return copy; } } this is my second class, a harvester which collects the stats from time to time and writes them to a database. public class StatsHarvester implements Runnable { private StatsService statsService; private Thread t; public void init ( ) { t = new Thread(this); t.start(); } public synchronized void run ( ) { while (true) { try { wait(5 * 60 * 1000); // 5 minutes collectAndSave(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private void collectAndSave ( ) { Map<String, Long> stats = statsService.getStats(); // do something like: // saveRecords(stats); } } At runtime it will have about 30 concurrent running threads each calling notify(key) about 100 times. Only one StatsHarvester is calling statsService.getStats() So i have many writers and only one reader. it would be nice to have accurate stats but i don't care if some records are lost on high concurrency. The reader should run every 5 Minutes or whatever is reasonable. Writing should be as fast as possible. Reading should be fast but if it locks for about 300ms every 5 minutes, its fine. I've read many docs (Java concurrency in practice, effective java and so on), but i have the strong feeling that i need your advice to get it right. I hope i stated my problem clear and short enough to get valuable help.

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• Non Document Centric SharePoint Workflow

  - by Dan Revell

  SharePoint workflows are document centric in that the base thing the workflow runs on has to be a thing; be it a document or just a list item. The workflow itself is task based, so stuff a user has to do. Now I can put any sort of code in these tasks that I want to and even put complex InfoPath forms in for the user to perform the task. This has been fine on all my previous workflows. But what if I want the tasks to be actual official forms themselves. The item that the workflow runs on is just some abstract concept like an event. An example could be an accident has happened. There isn't an accident form, but a whole set of forms that need to be completed by different people. Task forms aren't really a nice way to go, because it locks all the forms into the task list. You can only access the forms by not deleting the tasks when complete and going to the workflow summery and following the task links to the InfoPath forms or going straight to the tasks list and doing a filter on particular "accidents". These are official documents so ideally there would be a library for each type of document and the workflow would orchestrate the completion of the right forms. It would mean each task would have to create a new blank form and then link the user to that form. The user would go complete the form but then have to go back to the task form and click yes I've completed it until the workflow could progress. Well this is short of the workflow monitoring the forms library form for some completion trigger. But then it all gets messy with the user experience from clicking the link in the task email, to open the Infopath task form, to clicking the link in the subsequent Infopath library form and then return through these forms on completion. It just gets messy trying to retrofit this non document centric sort of workflow into SharePoint. I would really appreciate any input on what might be the best way to do this. Store the forms as task forms Store the forms as library forms and create/link from the task forms Store the forms as different infopath views, and use a forms library. The workflow would trigger variables that progress the view the infopath form shows. Using the same form template for both task forms and a forms library and when a task form is complete, copy the xml into the forms library to have a official record outside of the workflow. Thanks

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• Why is this simple file upload not working? JSF

  - by Nitesh Panchal

  Hello, Why is this code not working? I always get size() = 0, whenever i upload file. xhtml file :- <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"> <h:head> <title>Abc</title> </h:head> <h:body> <center> <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" id="form" action="/upload/uploadFile"> <input type="file"/> <br/> <input type="Submit" value="upload"/> </form> </center> </h:body> </html> This is my servlet :- package servlets; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; @WebServlet(name="uploadFile", urlPatterns={"/uploadFile"}) public class uploadFile extends HttpServlet { protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException, FileUploadException { System.out.println("executed!"); List<FileItem> items = new ServletFileUpload(new DiskFileItemFactory()).parseRequest(request); System.out.println(items.size()); for (FileItem item : items) { if (!item.isFormField()) { System.out.println("Name: " + item.getName()); System.out.println("Size: " + item.getSize()); System.out.println("Type: " + item.getContentType()); } } } @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { try { processRequest(request, response); } catch (FileUploadException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { try { processRequest(request, response); } catch (FileUploadException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public String getServletInfo() { return "Short description"; } }

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• Precise explanation of JavaScript <-> DOM circular reference issue

  - by Joey Adams

  One of the touted advantages of jQuery.data versus raw expando properties (arbitrary attributes you can assign to DOM nodes) is that jQuery.data is "safe from circular references and therefore free from memory leaks". An article from Google titled "Optimizing JavaScript code" goes into more detail: The most common memory leaks for web applications involve circular references between the JavaScript script engine and the browsers' C++ objects' implementing the DOM (e.g. between the JavaScript script engine and Internet Explorer's COM infrastructure, or between the JavaScript engine and Firefox XPCOM infrastructure). It lists two examples of circular reference patterns: DOM element → event handler → closure scope → DOM DOM element → via expando → intermediary object → DOM element However, if a reference cycle between a DOM node and a JavaScript object produces a memory leak, doesn't this mean that any non-trivial event handler (e.g. onclick) will produce such a leak? I don't see how it's even possible for an event handler to avoid a reference cycle, because the way I see it: The DOM element references the event handler. The event handler references the DOM (either directly or indirectly). In any case, it's almost impossible to avoid referencing window in any interesting event handler, short of writing a setInterval loop that reads actions from a global queue. Can someone provide a precise explanation of the JavaScript ↔ DOM circular reference problem? Things I'd like clarified: What browsers are effected? A comment in the jQuery source specifically mentions IE6-7, but the Google article suggests Firefox is also affected. Are expando properties and event handlers somehow different concerning memory leaks? Or are both of these code snippets susceptible to the same kind of memory leak? // Create an expando that references to its own element. var elem = document.getElementById('foo'); elem.myself = elem; // Create an event handler that references its own element. var elem = document.getElementById('foo'); elem.onclick = function() { elem.style.display = 'none'; }; If a page leaks memory due to a circular reference, does the leak persist until the entire browser application is closed, or is the memory freed when the window/tab is closed?

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• How to manage multiple versions of the same record

  - by Darvis Lombardo

  I am doing short-term contract work for a company that is trying to implement a check-in/check-out type of workflow for their database records. Here's how it should work... 1) A user creates a new entity within the application. There are about 20 related tables that will be populated in addition to the main entity table. 2) Once the entity is created the user will mark it as the master. 3) Another user can make changes to the master only by "checking out" the entity. Multiple users can checkout the entity at the same time. 4) Once the user has made all the necessary changes to the entity, they put it in a "needs approval" status. 5) After an authorized user reviews the entity, they can promote it to master which will put the original record in a tombstoned status. The way they are currently accomplishing the "check out" is by duplicating the entity records in all the tables. The primary keys include EntityID + EntityDate, so they duplicate the entity records in all related tables with the same EntityID and an updated EntityDate and give it a status of "checked out". When the record is put into the next state (needs approval), the duplication occurs again. Eventually it will be promoted to master at which time the final record is marked as master and the original master is marked as dead. This design seems hideous to me, but I understand why they've done it. When someone looks up an entity from within the application, they need to see all current versions of that entity. This was a very straightforward way for making that happen. But the fact that they are representing the same entity multiple times within the same table(s) doesn't sit well with me, nor does the fact that they are duplicating EVERY piece of data rather than only storing deltas. I would be interested in hearing your reaction to the design, whether positive or negative. I would also be grateful for any resoures you can point me to that might be useful for seeing how someone else has implemented such a mechanism. Thanks! Darvis

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• Passing array into constructor to use on JList

  - by OVERTONE

  I know the title sound confusing and thats because it is. its a bit long so try too stay with me. this is the layout i have my code designed variables constructor methods. im trying too fill a Jlist full on names. i want too get those names using a method. so here goes. in my variables i have my JList. its called contactNames; i also have an array which stores 5 strings which are the contacts names; heres the code for that anyway String contact1; String contact2; String contact3; String contact4; String contact5; String[] contactListNames; JList contactList; simple enough. then in my constructor i have the Jlist defined to fill itself with the contents of the array fillContactList(); JList contactList = new JList(contactListNames); that method fillContactList() is coming up shortly. notice i dont have the array defined in the constructor. so heres my first question. can i do that? define the array to contain something in te constructor rather than filling it fromt the array. now heres where stuff gets balls up. ive created three different methods all of which havent worked. basically im trying to fill the array with all of them. this is the simplest one. it doesnt set the Jlist, it doesnt do anything compilicated. all it trys too do is fill the array one bit at a time public void fillContactList() { for(int i = 0;i<3;i++) { try { String contact; System.out.println(" please fill the list at index "+ i); Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); contact = in.next(); contactListNames[i] = contact; in.nextLine(); } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } unfortunately this doesnt qwork. i get the print out to fill it at index 0; i input something and i get a nice big stack trace starting at contactListNames[i] = contact; so my two questions in short are how i define an array in a constructor. and why cant i fill the array from that method. ************************888 **************************888 stack trace by request please fill the list at index 0 overtone java.lang.NullPointerException please fill the list at index 1 at project.AdminMessages.fillContactList(AdminMessages.java:408) at project.AdminMessages.<init>(AdminMessages.java:88) at project.AdminUser.createAdminMessages(AdminUser.java:32) at project.AdminUser.<init>(AdminUser.java:18) at project.AdminUser.main(AdminUser.java:47) it was a null poiinter exception

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• Create Duplicate Records on SELECT for Calendar Date Range

  - by peterallcdn

  Hey all, I've built a pretty shnazzy calendar system but there is one tweak that I need to make so that I'm completely happy with it. My calendar has three tables: calevents - The calendared event. caldates - The occurrences and date-range of each occurrence for each event. calcats - The categories that can be applied to an event. The short: For each calevent, there can be many caldates, one for each occurrence of calevent. So a calevent that repeats weekly and spans 3 days might have caldates like this: date_id date_eid date_start date_end 2 37 2010-06-21 2010-06-23 3 37 2010-06-28 2010-06-30 7 37 2010-07-05 2010-07-07 9 37 2010-07-12 2010-07-14 What I want to do, is when selecting all the caldates for a specified month such as 2010-06, to return not just the two records above, but instead a record for each date in the range of date_start and date_end for each caldate. So if I searched for 2010-06, I would get: date_id date_eid date_start date_end date_day 2 37 2010-06-21 2010-06-23 2010-06-21 2 37 2010-06-21 2010-06-23 2010-06-22 2 37 2010-06-21 2010-06-23 2010-06-23 3 37 2010-06-28 2010-06-30 2010-06-28 3 37 2010-06-28 2010-06-30 2010-06-29 3 37 2010-06-28 2010-06-30 2010-06-30 The Long: The reason I want to do this, is so when displaying a list of events(calevents) for a specified month, an occurrence(caldates) of that event will be displayed for EACH of the days it spans. I could do this with php by looping through each day of the current month and displaying a copy of each caldate if the month day falls between date_start and date_end. But doing it this way will prevent me from using record pagination if needed. For example, if for a specified month the following caldates were returned: date_id date_eid date_start date_end 2 37 2010-06-21 2010-06-27 94 53 2010-06-09 2010-07-08 Doing record pagination would see this as only 2 records("rows"). But looping through them with PHP would generate 29 "rows". So, I figure if I use mysql to create each row instead of PHP, I can achieve the same thing AND still be able to use pagination if a month has a lot of events/dates. As far as performance goes, I'm not sure which option is more efficient. Both would send the same amount of info to the browser, so it's really only the work required to generate the info that matters. My current query which fetches all the occurrences for a specified month, and to make things just a little more complicated... joins them with their event and category, looks like this: $sql_to_execute = " SELECT date_id, date_eid, date_start, date_end, event_id, event_title, event_category, event_private, event_location, SUBSTRING_INDEX(event_detailsstripped, ' ', 40) AS event_detailsstripped, event_time, event_starttime, event_endtime, event_active, cat_colour FROM ( caldates LEFT JOIN calevents ON caldates.date_eid = calevents.event_id ) LEFT JOIN calcats ON calevents.event_category = calcats.cat_id WHERE date_start <= '".mysql_real_escape_string($dbi_list_end_date)."' AND date_end >= '".mysql_real_escape_string($dbi_list_start_date)."' ".$dbi_category." ORDER BY date_start ASC "; Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated! Thanks, Peter

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• Compose synthetic English phrase that would contain 160 bits of recoverable information

  - by Alexander Gladysh

  I have 160 bits of random data. Just for fun, I want to generate pseudo-English phrase to "store" this information in. I want to be able to recover this information from the phrase. Note: This is not a security question, I don't care if someone else will be able to recover the information or even detect that it is there or not. Criteria for better phrases, from most important to the least: Short Unique Natural-looking The current approach, suggested here: Take three lists of 1024 nouns, verbs and adjectives each (picking most popular ones). Generate a phrase by the following pattern, reading 20 bits for each word: Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb. Now, this seems to be a good approach, but the phrase is a bit too long and a bit too dull. I have found a corpus of words here (Part of Speech Database). After some ad-hoc filtering, I calculated that this corpus contains, approximately 50690 usable adjectives 123585 nouns 15301 verbs This allows me to use up to 16 bits per adjective (actually 16.9, but I can't figure how to use fractional bits) 15 bits per noun 13 bits per verb For noun-verb-adjective-verb pattern this gives 57 bits per "sentence" in phrase. This means that, if I'll use all words I can get from this corpus, I can generate three sentences instead of four (160 / 57 ˜ 2.8). Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb. Still a bit too long and dull. Any hints how can I improve it? What I see that I can try: Try to compress my data somehow before encoding. But since the data is completely random, only some phrases would be shorter (and, I guess, not by much). Improve phrase pattern, so it would look better. Use several patterns, using the first word in phrase to somehow indicate for future decoding which pattern was used. (For example, use the last letter or even the length of the word.) Pick pattern according to the first bytes of the data. ...I'm not that good with English to come up with better phrase patterns. Any suggestions? Use more linguistics in the pattern. Different tenses etc. ...I guess, I would need much better word corpus than I have now for that. Any hints where can I get a suitable one?

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• How to generate and encode (for use in GA), random, strict, binary rooted trees with N leaves?

  - by Peter Simon

  First, I am an engineer, not a computer scientist, so I apologize in advance for any misuse of nomenclature and general ignorance of CS background. Here is the motivational background for my question: I am contemplating writing a genetic algorithm optimizer to aid in designing a power divider network (also called a beam forming network, or BFN for short). The BFN is intended to distribute power to each of N radiating elements in an array of antennas. The fraction of the total input power to be delivered to each radiating element has been specified. Topologically speaking, a BFN is a strictly binary, rooted tree. Each of the (N-1) interior nodes of the tree represents the input port of an unequal, binary power splitter. The N leaves of the tree are the power divider outputs. Given a particular power divider topology, one is still free to map the power divider outputs to the array inputs in an arbitrary order. There are N! such permutations of the outputs. There are several considerations in choosing the desired ordering: 1) The power ratio for each binary coupler should be within a specified range of values. 2) The ordering should be chosen to simplify the mechanical routing of the transmission lines connecting the power divider. The number of ouputs N of the BFN may range from, say, 6 to 22. I have already written a genetic algorithm optimizer that, given a particular BFN topology and desired array input power distribution, will search through the N! permutations of the BFN outputs to generate a design with compliant power ratios and good mechanical routing. I would now like to generalize my program to automatically generate and search through the space of possible BFN topologies. As I understand it, for N outputs (leaves of the binary tree), there are $C_{N-1}$ different topologies that can be constructed, where $C_N$ is the Catalan number. I would like to know how to encode an arbitrary tree having N leaves in a way that is consistent with a chromosomal description for use in a genetic algorithm. Also associated with this is the need to generate random instances for filling the initial population, and to implement crossover and mutations operators for this type of chromosome. Any suggestions will be welcome. Please minimize the amount of CS lingo in your reply, since I am not likely to be acquainted with it. Thanks in advance, Peter

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• How does Sentry aggregate errors?

  - by Hugo Rodger-Brown

  I am using Sentry (in a django project), and I'd like to know how I can get the errors to aggregate properly. I am logging certain user actions as errors, so there is no underlying system exception, and am using the culprit attribute to set a friendly error name. The message is templated, and contains a common message ("User 'x' was unable to perform action because 'y'"), but is never exactly the same (different users, different conditions). Sentry clearly uses some set of attributes under the hood to determine whether to aggregate errors as the same exception, but despite having looked through the code, I can't work out how. Can anyone short-cut my having to dig further into the code and tell me what properties I need to set in order to manage aggregation as I would like? [UPDATE 1: event grouping] This line appears in sentry.models.Group: class Group(MessageBase): """ Aggregated message which summarizes a set of Events. """ ... class Meta: unique_together = (('project', 'logger', 'culprit', 'checksum'),) ... Which makes sense - project, logger and culprit I am setting at the moment - the problem is checksum. I will investigate further, however 'checksum' suggests that binary equivalence, which is never going to work - it must be possible to group instances of the same exception, with differenct attributes? [UPDATE 2: event checksums] The event checksum comes from the sentry.manager.get_checksum_from_event method: def get_checksum_from_event(event): for interface in event.interfaces.itervalues(): result = interface.get_hash() if result: hash = hashlib.md5() for r in result: hash.update(to_string(r)) return hash.hexdigest() return hashlib.md5(to_string(event.message)).hexdigest() Next stop - where do the event interfaces come from? [UPDATE 3: event interfaces] I have worked out that interfaces refer to the standard mechanism for describing data passed into sentry events, and that I am using the standard sentry.interfaces.Message and sentry.interfaces.User interfaces. Both of these will contain different data depending on the exception instance - and so a checksum will never match. Is there any way that I can exclude these from the checksum calculation? (Or at least the User interface value, as that has to be different - the Message interface value I could standardise.) [UPDATE 4: solution] Here are the two get_hash functions for the Message and User interfaces respectively: # sentry.interfaces.Message def get_hash(self): return [self.message] # sentry.interfaces.User def get_hash(self): return [] Looking at these two, only the Message.get_hash interface will return a value that is picked up by the get_checksum_for_event method, and so this is the one that will be returned (hashed etc.) The net effect of this is that the the checksum is evaluated on the message alone - which in theory means that I can standardise the message and keep the user definition unique. I've answered my own question here, but hopefully my investigation is of use to others having the same problem. (As an aside, I've also submitted a pull request against the Sentry documentation as part of this ;-)) (Note to anyone using / extending Sentry with custom interfaces - if you want to avoid your interface being use to group exceptions, return an empty list.)

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• Assembly Load and loading the "sub-modules" dependencies - "cannot find the file specified"

  - by Ted

  There are several questions out there that ask the same question. However the answers they received I cannot understand, so here goes: Similar questions: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1874277/dynamically-load-assembly-and-manually-force-path-to-get-referenced-assemblies ; http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22012/loading-assemblies-and-its-dependencies-closed The question in short: I need to figure out how dependencies, ie References in my modules can be loaded dynamically. Right now I am getting "The system cannot find the file specified" on Assemblies referenced in my so called modules. I cannot really get how to use the AssemblyResolve event... The longer version I have one application, MODULECONTROLLER, that loads separate modules. These "separate modules" are located in well-known subdirectories, like appBinDir\Modules\Module1 appBinDir\Modules\Module2 Each directory contains all the DLLs that exists in the bin-directory of those projects after a build. So the MODULECONTROLLER loads all the DLLs contained in those folders using this code: byte[] bytes = File.ReadAllBytes(dllFileFullPath); Assembly assembly = null; assembly = Assembly.Load(bytes); I am, as you can see, loading the byte[]-array (so I dont lock the DLL-files). Now, in for example MODULE1, I have a static reference called MyGreatXmlProtocol. The MyGreatXmlProtocol.dll then also exists in the directory appBinDir\Modules\Module1 and is loaded using the above code When code in the MODULE1 tries to use this MyGreatXmlProtocol, I get: Could not load file or assembly 'MyGreatXmlProtocol, Version=1.0.3797.26527, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. So, in a post (like this one) they say that To my understanding reflection will load the main assembly and then search the GAC for the referenced assemblies, if it cannot find it there, you can then incorparate an assemblyResolve event: First; is it really needed to use the AssemblyResolve-event to make this work? Shouldnt my different MODULEs themself load their DLLs, as they are statically referenced? Second; if AssemblyResolve is the way to go - how do I use it? I have attached a handler to the Event but I never get anything on MyGreatXmlProctol... === EDIT === CODE regarding the AssemblyResolve-event handler: public GUI() { InitializeComponent(); AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += new ResolveEventHandler(CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve); ... } // Assembly CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args) { Console.WriteLine(args.Name); return null; } Hope I wasnt too fuzzy =) Thx

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• How to change the extension of a processed xml file (using eXist & cocoon)

  - by Carsten C.

  Hi all, I'm really new to this whole web stuff, so please be nice if I missed something important to post. Short: Is there a possibility to change the name of a processed file (eXist-DB) after serialization? Here my case, the following request to my eXist-db: http://localhost:8080/exist/cocoon/db/caos/test.xml and I want after serialization the follwing (xslt is working fine): http://localhost:8080/exist/cocoon/db/caos/test.html I'm using the followong sitemap.xmap with cocoon (hoping this is responsible for it) <map:match pattern="db/caos/**"> <!-- if we have an xpath query --> <map:match pattern="xpath" type="request-parameter"> <map:generate src="xmldb:exist:///db/caos/{../1}/#{1}"/> <map:act type="request"> <map:parameter name="parameters" value="true"/> <map:parameter name="default.howmany" value="1000"/> <map:parameter name="default.start" value="1"/> <map:transform type="filter"> <map:parameter name="element-name" value="result"/> <map:parameter name="count" value="{howmany}"/> <map:parameter name="blocknr" value="{start}"/> </map:transform> <map:transform src=".snip./webapp/stylesheets/db2html.xsl"> <map:parameter name="block" value="{start}"/> <map:parameter name="collection" value="{../../1}"/> </map:transform> </map:act> <map:serialize type="html" encoding="UTF-8"/> </map:match> <!-- if the whole file will be displayed --> <map:generate src="xmldb:exist:/db/caos/{1}"/> <map:transform src="..snip../stylesheets/caos2soac.xsl"> <map:parameter name="collection" value="{1}"/> </map:transform> <map:transform type="encodeURL"/> <map:serialize type="html" encoding="UTF-8"/> </map:match> So my Question is: How do I change the extension of the test.xml to test.html after processing the xml file? Background: I'm generating some information out of some xml-dbs, this infos will be displayed in html (which is working), but i want to change some entrys later, after I generated the html site. To make this confortable, I want to use Jquery & Jeditable, but the code does not work on the xml files. Saving the generated html is not an option. tia for any suggestions [and|or] help CC Edit: After reading all over: could it be, that the extension is irrelevant and that this is only a problem of port 8080? I'm confused...

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• JSON or YAML encoding in GWT/Java on both client and server

  - by KennethJ

  I'm looking for a super simple JSON or YAML library (not particularly bothered which one) written in Java, and can be used in both GWT on the client, and in its original Java form on the server. What I'm trying to do is this: I have my models, which are shared between the client and the server, and these are the primary source of data interchange. I want to design the web service in between to be as simple as possible, and decided to take the RESTful approach. My problem is that I know our application will grow substantially in the future, and writing all the getters, setters, serialization, factories, etc. by hand fills me with absolute dread. So in order to avoid it, I decided to implement annotations to keep track of attributes on the models. The reason I can't just serialize everything directly, using GWT's own one, or one which works through reflection, is because we need a certain amount of logic going on in the serialization process. I.e. whether references to other models get serialized during the serialization of the original model, or whether an ID is just passed, and general simple things like that. I've then written an annotation processor to preprocess my shared models and generate an implementing class with all the getters, setters, serialization, lazy-loading, etc. To make a long story short, I need some type of simple YAML or JSON library, which allows me to encode and decode manually, so I can generate this code through my annotation processor. I have had a look around the interwebs, but every single one I ran into supported some reflection which, while all fine and dandy, make it pretty much useless for GWT. And in the case of GWT's own JSON library, it uses JSNI for speed purposes, making it useless server side. One solution I did think about involved writing writing two sets of serialization methods on the models, one for the client and one for the server, but I'd rather not do that. Also, I'm pretty new to GWT, and even though I have done a lot of Java, it was back in the 1.2 days, so it's a bit rusty. So if you think I'm going about this problem completely the wrong way, I'm open to suggestions.

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• Flatten date range memberships retaining only the highest priority membership (TRANSACT-SQL)

  - by shadowranger

  Problem statement: A table contains an item_id, a category_id and a date range (begin_date and end_date). No item may be in more than one category on any given date (in general; during daily rebuilding it can be in an invalid state temporarily). By default, all items are added (and re-added if removed) to a category (derived from outside data) automatically on a daily basis, and their membership in that category matches the lifespan of the item (items have their own begin and end date, and usually spend their entire lives in the same category, which is why this matches). For items in category X, it is occasionally desirable to override the default category by adding them to category Y. Membership in category Y could entirely replace membership in category X (that is, the begin and end dates for membership in category Y would match the begin and end dates of the item itself), or it could override it for an arbitrary period of time (at the beginning, middle or end the item's lifespan, possibly overriding for short periods at multiple times). Membership in category Y is not renewed automatically and additions to that category is done by manual data entry. Every day, when category X is rebuilt, we get an overlap, where any item in category Y will now be in category X as well (which is forbidden, as noted previously). Goal: After each repopulation of category X (which is done in a rather complicated and fragile manner, and ideally would be left alone), I'm trying to find an efficient means of writing a stored procedure that: Identifies the overlaps Changes existing entries, adds new ones where necessary (such as in the case where an item starts in category X, switches to category Y, then eventually switches back to category X before ending), or removes entries (when an item is in category Y for its entire life) such that every item remains in category Y (and only Y) where specified, while category X membership is maintained when not overridden by category Y. Does not affect memberships of categories A, B, C, Z, etc., which do not have override categories and are built separately, by completely different rules. Note: It can be assumed that X membership covers the entire lifespan of the item before this procedure is called, so it is unnecessary to query any data outside this table. Bonus credit: If for some reason there are two adjacent or overlapping memberships in for the same item in category Y, stitching them together into a single entry is appreciated, but not necessary. Example: item_id category_id begin_date end_date 1 X 20080101 20090628 1 Y 20090101 20090131 1 Y 20090601 20090628 2 X 20080201 20080731 2 Y 20080201 20080731 Should become: item_id category_id begin_date end_date 1 X 20080101 20081231 1 Y 20090101 20090131 1 X 20090201 20090531 1 Y 20090601 20090628 2 Y 20080201 20080731 If it matters, this needs to work on SQL Server 2005 and SQL Server 2008

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• ggplot geom_bar - to many bars

  - by Andreas

  I am sorry for the non-informative title. exstatus <- structure(list(org = structure(c(2L, 1L, 7L, 3L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 8L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 7L, 8L, 6L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 4L, 7L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 1L, 7L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 7L, 3L, 5L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 4L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 6L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 6L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 8L, 7L, 8L, 6L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 4L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 4L, 8L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 7L, 3L, 8L, 8L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 8L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 1L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 2L, 7L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 2L, 7L, 5L, 2L), .Label = c("gl", "il", "gm", "im", "gk", "ik", "tv", "tu"), class = "factor"), art = structure(c(2L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("Finish", "Attending", "Something"), class = "factor"), type = structure(c(2L, 2L, 5L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 5L, 4L, 1L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 3L, 5L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 3L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 4L, 5L, 4L, 1L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 5L, 3L, 4L, 4L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 3L, 5L, 5L, 4L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 2L, 5L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 2L, 5L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("short", "long", "between", "young", "old"), class = "factor")), .Names = c("org", "art", "type"), row.names = c(NA, -192L), class = "data.frame") and then the plot ggplot(exstatus, aes(x=type, fill=art))+ geom_bar(aes(y=..count../sum(..count..)),position="dodge") The problem is that the two rightmost bars ("young", "old") are too thick - "something" takes up the whole width - whcih is not what I intended. I am sorry that I can not explain it better.

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• Problem determining how to order F# types due to circular references

  - by James Black

  I have some types that extend a common type, and these are my models. I then have DAO types for each model type for CRUD operations. I now have a need for a function that will allow me to find an id given any model type, so I created a new type for some miscellaneous functions. The problem is that I don't know how to order these types. Currently I have models before dao, but I somehow need DAOMisc before CityDAO and CityDAO before DAOMisc, which isn't possible. The simple approach would be to put this function in each DAO, referring to just the types that can come before it, so, State comes before City as State has a foreign key relationship with City, so the miscellaneous function would be very short. But, this just strikes me as wrong, so I am not certain how to best approach this. Here is my miscellaneous type, where BaseType is a common type for all my models. type DAOMisc = member internal self.FindIdByType item = match(item:BaseType) with | :? StateType as i -> let a = (StateDAO()).Retrieve i a.Head.Id | :? CityType as i -> let a = (CityDAO()).Retrieve i a.Head.Id | _ -> -1 Here is one dao type. CommonDAO actually has the code for the CRUD operations, but that is not important here. type CityDAO() = inherit CommonDAO<CityType>("city", ["name"; "state_id"], (fun(reader) -> [ while reader.Read() do let s = new CityType() s.Id <- reader.GetInt32 0 s.Name <- reader.GetString 1 s.StateName <- reader.GetString 3 ]), list.Empty ) This is my model type: type CityType() = inherit BaseType() let mutable name = "" let mutable stateName = "" member this.Name with get() = name and set restnameval=name <- restnameval member this.StateName with get() = stateName and set stateidval=stateName <- stateidval override this.ToSqlValuesList = [this.Name;] override this.ToFKValuesList = [StateType(Name=this.StateName);] The purpose for this FindIdByType function is that I want to find the id for a foreign key relationship, so I can set the value in my model and then have the CRUD functions do the operations with all the correct information. So, City needs the id for the state name, so I would get the state name, put it into the state type, then call this function to get the id for that state, so my city insert will also include the id for the foreign key. This seems to be the best approach, in a very generic way to handle inserts, which is the current problem I am trying to solve.

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