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• How do uppercase and lowercase letters differ by only one bit?

  - by Vibhakar SInha

  I have found one example in Data and Communication Networking book written by Behrouza Forouzan regarding upper- and lowercase letters which differ by only one bit in the 7 bit code. For example, character A is 1000001 (0x41) and character a is 1100001 (0x61).The difference is in bit 6, which is 0 in uppercase letters and 1 in lowercase letters. If we know the code for one case, we can easily find the code for the other by adding or subtracting 32 in decimal, or we can just flip the sixth bit. What does all this mean? I have found myself very confused with all these things. Could someone provide examples of how these things really work out?

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• PHP Explode with an Unicode character as separator

  - by Young Roger

  XPDFs pdftotext converts pdf to text and outputs it at command line level. If needed it inserts PageBreaks between the pages as specified in TextOutputDev.cc: eopLen = uMap->mapUnicode(0x0c, eop, sizeof(eop)); This Unicode symbol is encoding independent, -enc ASCII7 wouldn't change it. I'm currently willing to use PHP for converting and splitting the PDF file into several TXT pages for database storage. However, the following function does work, but takes twice as long as a conversion of the whole book in one time. for($i = 1; $i <= $pages[0]; $i++) $page[$i] = shell_exec('/usr/bin/pdftotext sample.pdf -f '.$i.' -l '.$i.' -'); How am I supposed to explode(0x0c, $wholePDF) with an Unicode character as separator? Currently, page[$i] doesn't seem to retrieve those weird Unicode PageBreak characters from the shell_exec(). I tried several headers for encoding (UTF-8 especially) but it didn't work out so far.

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• chomsky hierarchy and programming languages

  - by dader51

  Hi, I'm trying to learn some aspects of the CH ( chomsky hierarchy ) which are related to PL ( programming languages ), and i still have to read the Dragon Book. I've read that most of the PL can be parsed as CFG ( context free grammar ). In term of computational power, it equals the one of a pushdown non deterministic automaton. Am I right ? If it's true, then how could a CFG holds a UG ( unrestricted grammar, which is turing complete ) ? I'm asking because, even if PL are CFG they are actually used to describe TM (turing machines ) and through UG. I think that's because of at least two different levels of computing, the first, which is the parsing of a CFG focuses on the syntax related to the structure ( representation ? ) of the language, while the other focuses on the semantic ( sense, interpretation of the data itself ? ) related to the capabilities of the pl which is turing complete. Again, are these assumptions rights ? thanx a lot.

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• django-registration with paypal integration

  - by GrumpyCanuck

  I'm trying to figure out how to integrate django-registration with django-paypal. Being a Django n00b, I'm trying to figure out how to implement a flow like this: User signs up using django-registation with 'active' flag set to 0 After registering, send user to PayPal for a subscription When they come back from PayPal successfully, I want to set 'active' to 1 I've been looking at the django-registration documentation and don't quite understand how to use different backends or implement a flow the way I want. Any tips on how to accomplish this would be greatly appreciated. django-paypal won't be a problem for me as I've done PayPal integration before (in PHP for a self-published book about CakePHP).

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• How do i import AWT?

  - by David

  Im teaching myself java and the book i'm looking at just got around to explaining AWT. here is my source code: java.awt.* class obj { public static void main (String[]arg) { Point blank; blank = new Point (3,4) ; int x = blank.x ; System.out.prinln (x) ; } } here is the error i get while trying to compile it: obj.java:1: 'class' or 'interface' expected java.awt.* ^ 1 error What did i do wrong? / whats going wrong here?

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• Writing a Windows NT subsystem

  - by Niten

  I'd like to try writing my own minimal NT subsystem on Windows 7 for purely educational purposes -- something like a bare-bones equivalent of the posix.exe in Microsoft's Subsystem for Unix-based Applications. But I can't seem to find any public documentation on this topic. What API does a subsystem need to implement? How does it get registered with Windows? How does the subsystem image need to be built (what flags need to be set in the PE header, etc.)? I'd most like to find a book or web site with an overview of the entire subject, or even the source code for a "hello world" NT subsystem that someone else has written. But anything at all would be appreciated if you can point me in the right direction here...

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• GridView_RowsDeleting event doesn't work

  - by iTayb

  I have a datagarid with a onrowdeleting="SellersGridView_RowsDeleting" switch. My method is: protected void SellersGridView_RowsDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e) { string seller = ((Label)SellersGridView.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[0].FindControl("TextBoxSeller")).Text; BookStore b = new BookStore(); b.LoadFromXML(Server.MapPath("list.xml")); string ISBN = Request.QueryString["ISBN"].ToString(); int ID = b.BooksList.FindIndex(x => x.ISBN == ISBN); Book myBook = b.BooksList[ID]; myBook.RemoveSeller(seller); Response.Redirect("editbook.aspx?ISBN=" + ISBN); } Well, it seems that when I try to delete anything - nothing happens. I tried to change the first line to Response.Redirect("foo") just to check if the event itself is fired, and it turns out that it doesn't. I can't get The reason. Here is my gridview control: http://pastebin.com/CKDAMECT Thank you very much!

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• JPA + Hibernate + Named Query + how to JOIN a subquery result

  - by Srihari

  Can anybody help me in converting the following native query into a Named Query? Native Query: SELECT usr1.user_id, urr1.role_id, usr2.user_id, urr2.role_id, usr1.school_id, term.term_name, count(material.material_id) as "Total Book Count", fpc.FOLLETT_PENDING_COUNT as "Follett Pending Count", rrc.RESOLUTION_REQUIRED_COUNT as "Resolution Required Count" FROM va_school sch JOIN va_user_school_rel usr1 on sch.school_id=usr1.school_id JOIN va_user_role_rel urr1 on usr1.user_id=urr1.user_id and urr1.role_id=1001 JOIN va_user_school_rel usr2 on sch.school_id=usr2.school_id JOIN va_user_role_rel urr2 on usr2.user_id=urr2.user_id and urr2.role_id=1002 JOIN va_term term on term.school_id = usr1.school_id JOIN va_class course on course.term_id = term.term_id JOIN va_material material on material.class_id = course.class_id LEFT JOIN (SELECT VA_CLASS.TERM_ID as "TERM_ID", COUNT(*) as "FOLLETT_PENDING_COUNT" FROM VA_CLASS JOIN VA_MATERIAL ON VA_MATERIAL.CLASS_ID = VA_CLASS.CLASS_ID WHERE VA_CLASS.reference_flag = 'A' AND trunc(VA_MATERIAL.FOLLETT_STATUS) = 0 GROUP BY VA_CLASS.TERM_ID) fpc on term.term_id = fpc.term_id LEFT JOIN (SELECT VA_CLASS.TERM_ID as "TERM_ID", COUNT(*) as "RESOLUTION_REQUIRED_COUNT" FROM VA_CLASS JOIN VA_MATERIAL ON VA_MATERIAL.CLASS_ID = VA_CLASS.CLASS_ID WHERE VA_CLASS.reference_flag = 'A' AND trunc(VA_MATERIAL.FOLLETT_STATUS) = 1 GROUP BY VA_CLASS.TERM_ID) rrc on term.term_id = rrc.term_id WHERE course.reference_flag = 'A' GROUP BY usr1.user_id, urr1.role_id, usr2.user_id, urr2.role_id, usr1.school_id, term.term_name, fpc.FOLLETT_PENDING_COUNT, rrc.RESOLUTION_REQUIRED_COUNT ORDER BY usr1.school_id, term.term_name; Thanks in advance. Srihari

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• Proper way to bind WCF webservice to both HTTP (for dev) and HTTPS (for production)

  - by Nicholas H

  Seems like this would be fairly straightfoward but I can't figure it out. In lieu of using an ASMX web service, I'm trying to go with WCF.. and finding it hard to figure out bindings. I would like to be able to use HTTP to connect to the WCF service for local development (and on our "staging" server), but require HTTPS on our production server. Should this be possible with two bindings? I cannot get it to work. If someone could provide an example of just a very basic HTTP and HTTPS WCF setup, I'd be eternally grateful. Or point me to a book/website/etc. which solves all the mysteries of WCF.. that'd be great. Because right now it's looking easier to just go back to ASMX.

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• Matplotlib subplots_adjust hspace so titles and xlabels don't overlap ?

  - by Denis

  With say 3 rows of subplots in matplotlib, xlabels of one row can overlap the title of the next; one has to fiddle with pl.subplots_adjust( hspace ), annoying. Is there a recipe for hspace that prevents overlaps and works for any nrow ? """ matplotlib xlabels overlap titles ? """ import sys import numpy as np import pylab as pl nrow = 3 hspace = .4 # of plot height, titles and xlabels both fall within this ?? exec "\n".join( sys.argv[1:] ) # nrow= ... y = np.arange(10) pl.subplots_adjust( hspace=hspace ) for jrow in range( 1, nrow+1 ): pl.subplot( nrow, 1, jrow ) pl.plot( y**jrow ) pl.title( 5 * ("title %d " % jrow) ) pl.xlabel( 5 * ("xlabel %d " % jrow) ) pl.show() My versions: matplotlib 0.99.1.1, python 2.6.4, Mac osx 10.4.11, backend: Qt4Agg (TkAgg = Exception in Tkinter callback) (For many extra points, can anyone outline how matplotlib's packer / spacer works, along the lines of chapter 17 "the packer" in the Tcl/Tk book ?)

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• What is so bad about using SQL INNER JOIN

  - by Stephen B. Burris Jr.

  Everytime a database diagram gets looked out, one area people are critical of is inner joins. They look at them hard and has questions to see if an inner join really needs to be there. Simple Library Example: A many-to-many relationship is normally defined in SQL with three tables: Book, Category, BookCategory. In this situation, Category is a table that contains two columns: ID, CategoryName. In this situation, I have gotten questions about the Category table, is it need? Can it be used as a lookup table, and in the BookCategory table store the CategoryName instead of the CategoryID to stop from having to do an additional INNER JOIN. (For this question, we are going to ignore the changing, deleting of any CategoryNames) The question is, what is so bad about inner joins? At what point is doing them a negative thing (general guidelines like # of transactions, # of records, # of joins in a statement, etc)?

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• Entity Relationship Diagram - Relationship Strength?

  - by 01010011

  Hi, I am trying to figure out under what circumstances I should use weak (non-identifying) relationships (where the primary key of the related entity does not contain a primary key component of the parent entity), verses when I should use strong (identifying) relationships (primary key of the related entity contains a primary key component of the parent entity). For example, when designing an Entity Relationship Diagram , if I have two entities, (e.g. book and purchaser), how do I know when to choose the solid Crows Foot or the dashed Crows Foot to connect the two entities? Any assistance will be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• learning OO with PHP

  - by dole doug

  Hi there I've started to learn OO programming, but using the PHP language with the help of the "PHP 5 Objects, Patterns, and Practice" book. The thing is that I wish to learn to use into same time the CakePHP framework which make use a lot of the MVC pattern. Because I don't know much about OO and less about MVC I wish to understand the later one but assumptions I make with my OO knowledges might have bad impact on long term. Does anyone know a good tutorial about what means MVC (more than cakephp manual says about it, but more easy to read/understand than wikipedia)? TY

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• Help to translate SQL query to Relational Algebra

  - by Mestika

  Hi everyone, I'm having some difficulties with translating some queries to Relational Algebra. I've a great book about Database Design and here is a chapter about Relational Algebra but I still seem to have some trouble creating the right one: Thoes queries I've most difficuelt with is these: SELECT COUNT( cs.student_id ) AS counter FROM course c, course_student cs WHERE c.id = cs.course_id AND c.course_name = 'Introduction to Database Design' SELECT COUNT( cs.student_id ) FROM Course c INNER JOIN course_student cs ON c.id = cs.course_id WHERE c.course_name = 'Introduction to Database Design' and SELECT COUNT( * ) FROM student JOIN grade ON student.f_name = "Andreas" AND student.l_name = "Pedersen" AND student.id = grade.student_id I know the notation can be a bit hard to paste into HTML forum, but maybe just use some common name or the Greek name. Thanks in advance Mestika

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• How to move or position a legend in ggplot2

  - by Dan Goldstein

  I'm trying to create a ggplot2 plot with the legend beneath the plot. The ggplot2 book says on p 112 "The position and justification of legends are controlled by the theme setting legend.position, and the value can be right, left, top, bottom, none (no legend), or a numeric position". The following code works (since "right" it is the default), and it also works with "none" as the legend position, but "left", "top", "bottom", all fail with "Error in grid.Call.graphics("L_setviewport", pvp, TRUE) : Non-finite location and/or size for viewport" library(ggplot2) (myDat <- data.frame(cbind(VarX=10:1, VarY=runif(10)), Descrip=sample(LETTERS[1:3], 10, replace=TRUE))) qplot(VarX,VarY, data=myDat, shape=Descrip) + opts(legend.position="right") What am I doing wrong? Re-positioning a legend must be incredibly common, so I figure it's me.

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• Difference between implementing an interface and applying an attribute in C#

  - by RemotecUk

  This might be a stupid question but Ill ask anyway, I was reading "OOP Demystified: A Self-Teaching Guide by Jim Keogh and Mario Giannini" chapter 11 which covers interfaces. The examples in this book are C++. I noticed that C++ uses ISerializable to make a class serializable which you would implement where as in C# you just attribute the class with the [Serializable] attribute. What is the key difference here? Is it that with an interface you must provide the implementation where as if you attribute something the compiler will work out the implementation for you? I guess that with the [Serializable] attribute the .Net framework uses reflection to make the serialized object from the actual object. That said is it possible in that case to have an [Disposable] attribute or using my theory above the framework wont know how to actually dispose of an object hence you have to do it yourself? Would be grateful for a clarification. Thanks.

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• jQuery Roundabout IE images pixellated

  - by luke

  Hi at http://lunatestsite.co.uk my jQuery roundabout near the bottom of the homepage is problematic in IE7 and 8 - book cover images blurred/pixellated. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1985303/ie-image-display-problems/2355921#2355921 suggests something to do with em sizing in IE being the root of it but I don't really understand the conclusion reached there. I don't think opacity is an issue in this. Any help gratefully appreciated, this is more or less last on more checklist for this site! Thanks Edit: fixed by resetting to font-size: 1em before the height and width em declarations for the roundable-movable-item and roundabout-movable-item img. Now working in IE7 and 8.

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• [Rails] OAuth with Digg API

  - by Karl

  I'm attempting to get Rails to play nice with the Digg API's OAuth. I'm using the oauth gem (ruby one, not the rails one). My code looks approximately like this: @consumer = OAuth::Consumer.new(API_KEY, API_SECRET, :scheme => :header, :http_method => :post, :oauth_callback => "http://locahost:3000", :request_token_url => 'http://services.digg.com/1.0/endpoint?method=oauth.getRequestToken', :access_token_url => 'http://services.digg.com/1.0/endpoint?method=oauth.getAccessToken', :authorize_url => 'http://digg.com/oauth/authorize') @request_token = @consumer.get_request_token session[:request_token] = @request_token.token session[:request_token_secret] = @request_token.secret redirect_to @request_token.authorize_url Which is by-the-book in terms of what the gem documentation gave me. However, Digg spits a "400 Bad Request" error back at me when @consumer.get_request_token is called. I can't figure out what I'm doing wrong. Any ideas?

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• What about Programmer "Invisible" registers?

  - by claws

  These are "Programmer Visible" x86-64 registers: What about the invisible registers? Just now I learned that MMU registers, Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) uses these invisible registers. I'm learning these things in the hard way. Is there any resource (book/documentation/etc) that gives me the complete picture at once? I am aware of the programmer visible registers and comfortable in programming with them. I just want to learn about invisible registers and their functionality. I want to get a complete picture. Where can I get this info?

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• How can I have different colors for different tabs in SuperTabNavigator.

  - by Zeeshan Rang

  Hi Well the heading is basically what my question is: How can I have different colors for different tabs in SuperTabNavigator. Below is the code to my SuperTabNavigator with three tabs: <containers:SuperTabNavigator x="0" y="10" width="100%" height="100%" right="1" top="1" left="1" bottom="1" color="black" creationPolicy="all" id="tab_nav" popUpButtonPolicy="{SuperTabNavigator.POPUPPOLICY_OFF}"> <mx:Canvas label="My Friends" id="friends_container" width="100%" height="100%"/> <mx:Canvas label="My Groups" id="groups_container" width="100%" height="100%"/> <mx:Canvas label="Address Book" id="address_container" width="100%" height="100%"/> </containers:SuperTabNavigator> I want to have different color for every different tab. How should I do this. Thank you Zeeshan

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• check if(country == @"(null)" doesn't work

  - by Sean

  hi all, I got the problem that the if-statement doesn't work. After the first code line the variable contains the value "(null)", because the user who picked the contact from his iphone address book doesn't set the country key for this contact, so far so good. but if I check the variable, it won't be true, but the value is certainly "(null)"... does someone have an idea? NSString *country = [NSString [the dict objectForKey:(NSString *)kABPersonAddressCountryKey]]; if(country == @"(null)") { country = @""; } thanks in advance sean

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• ruby on rails named scope implementation

  - by Engwan

  From the book Agile Web Development With Rails class Order < ActiveRecord::Base named_scope :last_n_days, lambda { |days| {:conditions => ['updated < ?' , days] } } named_scope :checks, :conditions => {:pay_type => :check} end The statement orders = Orders.checks.last_n_days(7) will result to only one query to the database. How does rails implement this? I'm new to Ruby and I'm wondering if there's a special construct that allows this to happen. To be able to chain methods like that, the functions generated by named_scope must be returning themselves or an object than can be scoped further. But how does Ruby know that it is the last function call and that it should query the database now? I ask this because the statement above actually queries the database and not just returns an SQL statement that results from chaining.

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• I'm having an issue with a scala script using 2.7.7 - Main$$anon$1$$anonfun$1$$anonfun$apply$2

  - by Uruhara747

  This is the code I used from a book... import scala.actors.Actor._ val countActor = actor{ loop { react{ case "how many?" = { println("I've got " + mailboxSize.toString + " messages in my mailbox.") } } } } countActor ! 1 countActor ! 2 countActor ! 3 countActor ! "how many?" countActor ! "how many?" countActor ! 4 countActor ! "how many?" The error java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Main$$anon$1$$anonfun$1$$anonfun$apply$2

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• RowsDeleting event doesn't fire

  - by iTayb

  I have a gridview with a onrowdeleting="SellersGridView_RowsDeleting" switch. My method is: protected void SellersGridView_RowsDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e) { string seller = ((Label)SellersGridView.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[0].FindControl("TextBoxSeller")).Text; BookStore b = new BookStore(); b.LoadFromXML(Server.MapPath("list.xml")); string ISBN = Request.QueryString["ISBN"].ToString(); int ID = b.BooksList.FindIndex(x => x.ISBN == ISBN); Book myBook = b.BooksList[ID]; myBook.RemoveSeller(seller); Response.Redirect("editbook.aspx?ISBN=" + ISBN); } Well, it seems that when I try to delete anything - nothing happens. I tried to change the first line to Response.Redirect("foo") just to check if the event itself is fired, and it turns out that it doesn't. I can't get The reason. Here is my gridview control: http://pastebin.com/CKDAMECT Here is my codebehind code: http://pastebin.com/ShBtwGEu Thank you very much!

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• Did we really always need to use Ruby/ rails plugin?

  - by Devlim

  I been intersted in ruby and rails lately but what I always encounter in blog/ podcast / book is they will always teach how to use ruby or rails plugin/ ruby instead of writing one. Did we really always need to use plugin, even thing like authorization? Authenticate? Is it really waste time Or hard to write from start? Then if it hard and waste time why rails say make web development less painful? Or I was wrong in term of concept? Goal ? Or anything else? Of rails? Anyone can guide me ?

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