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• Kill xserver from command line (init 3/5 does not work)

  - by John Smith

  Hi, I'm running Linux Mint 10, although I've had this same issue with other variants of Linux. I've been told/found while researching that if the X server hangs or otherwise errors, one can drop to a root prompt, usually at another tty, and execute init 3 (to drop to single user mode) and then init 5 to return to the default, graphical session. Needless to say, I've tried this before in multiple configurations on multiple machines to no avail. The only feedback I receive form executing those two commands is a listing of VMWare services (from a kernel module) that are stopped and then restarted. Note: If I run startx (either before or after init 3), then I am told that the xserver is still running and that I should remove /tmp/.X0-lock. Having tried that, it removes that error message, but claims that the xserver cannot be attached as another instance is running. How do I kill the xserver completely? Can I killall some process name?

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• Shorewall SHOW DYNAMIC command doesn't work

  - by Andrew Burns

  Setting up shorewall dynamic zones, http://shorewall.net/Dynamic.html shows the command shorewall show dynamic zone where zone is one of your zones. I can get the add and delete commands to work, but not the show dynamic command. Here is a shell session, with output from ipset list that proves that the items are indeed there. $ ipset list CPREM_br0 Name: CPREM_br0 Type: hash:ip Header: family inet hashsize 1024 maxelem 65536 Size in memory: 16520 References: 66 Members: 192.168.85.153 $ shorewall add br0:192.168.85.200 CPREM Host br0:192.168.85.200 added to zone CPREM $ shorewall show dynamic CPREM $ ipset list CPREM_br0 Name: CPREM_br0 Type: hash:ip Header: family inet hashsize 1024 maxelem 65536 Size in memory: 16536 References: 66 Members: 192.168.85.153 192.168.85.200 $ shorewall delete br0:192.168.85.200 CPREM Host br0:192.168.85.200 deleted from zone CPREM $ ipset list CPREM_br0 Name: CPREM_br0 Type: hash:ip Header: family inet hashsize 1024 maxelem 65536 Size in memory: 16536 References: 66 Members: 192.168.85.153 I am using the packaged version from Ubuntu 12.04 (4.4.26.1-1)

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• dhclient and dhcpcd the real difference

  - by rubixibuc

  I can't figure out the difference from just the man pages. I can see what is a daemon and one is a client, but what does that mean practically when using the commands? Also what is the difference between the client and daemon in this case, not just the terms (client and daemon) but functionally wise? EDIT: How are the tasks divided, if the client updates the information on the client, what is the purpose of the daemon. I'm talking about the client daemon in this case dhcpcd not dhcpd. Both come installed by default with some versions of Linux and seem to share the duties of the dhcp client. NAME dhcpcd - DHCP client daemon Name dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client

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• Locking down a server for shared internet hosting.

  - by Wil

  Basically I control several servers and I only host either static websites or scripts which I have designed, so I trust them up to a point. However, I have a few customers who want to start using scripts such as Wordpress or many others - and they want full control over their account. I have started to do the basics - like on php.ini, I have locked it down and restricted commands such as proc, however, there is obviously a lot more I can do. right now, using NTFS permissions, I am trying to lock down the server by running Application Pools and individual sites in their own user, however I feel like I am hitting brick walls... (My old question on Server Fault). At the moment, the only route I can think of is either to implement an off the shelf control panel - which will be expensive and quite frankly, over the top, or look at the Microsoft guide - which is really for an entire infrastructure, not for someone who just wants to lock down a few servers. Does anyone have any guides that can put me on the correct path?

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• Gentoo Linux -> Ubuntu: Can I Preserve My LVM/RAID Devices, Or Do I Need To Reformat?

  - by Eddie Parker

  Hello: I've got a Gentoo box that I'm interested in switching over to an Ubuntu box. I currently have the partitions laid out using a mixture of RAID (mdadm) and LVM2, as specified in this document [1]. Ideally I'd like to just wipe out the non /home partition, as it's got data I'd like to keep. Is it possible to reuse the current setup, or do I need to restart? vgdisplay, vgchange -a y, etc don't yield any results from the Ubuntu LiveCD, and I'm wary to run any commands that might wipe my data. Your help would be appreciated. [1] http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86+raid+lvm2-quickinstall.xml

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• Why does diskpart set the volume attributes on all volumes?

  - by Nick

  I was trying to migrate a Win7 OS from a HDD to a SSD. I've created 2 partition with 1024KB offset, with diskpart: 100MB System Reserved and a 60GB for C:. I've cloned their contents using Easeus Disk Copy. I've loaded the Windows 7 Boot DVD, and wanted to use diskpart to drop the letter for the System Reserved partition and make it hidden. select volume 0 detail volume attribute volume set nodefaultdriveletter attribute volume set hidden These 2 attribute set commands actioned on both volumes (0 and 1, MSR and C:) instead of the selected one, and viceversa. I've tried to clear these attributes from volume 1, but it cleared them also from volume 0. Why does DiskPart have this behaviour?

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• Reg: Putty SSH Access

  - by gourav

  Dear all, I have a Linux based virtual server recently purchased. I need to transfer the files from local computer to my virtual server... I tried downloading the Putty. But there were no EXE files to install. i am using Windows XP at home. If possible, can i have to installer link. Do we need to know Linux compulsorily for using this Putty. And also is there any other tool which can be used by users who dont know linux commands. Please help.

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• Can Solaris RBAC roles be ported to Linux using SElinux only?

  - by Jimmy

  We are migrating an application from Solaris to Linux and the main user is allowed, through the use of RBAC roles, to run a few system commands like svccfg/svcadm (chkconfig on redhat). Is it possible, using only SElinux (no sudo), to allow a normal user to run chkconfig off/on (basically give it the ability to add remove services) ? My approach was to try to create an SElinux user with a corresponding SElinux role that manages the app's domain/type and is allowed to transition to all other domains required to run chkconfig, tcpdump or any other system utility usually restricted to root access only. All my attempts so far have failed, so my second question would be where could I find good documentation that applies to this specific problem ?

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• How to set up raid monitoring on a Adaptec AAC-RAID on a Dell?

  - by pjz

  I've got Debian on a Dell with an Adaptec RAID: AAC0: kernel 4.1-0[7417] AAC0: monitor 4.1-0[7417] AAC0: bios 4.1-0[7417] AAC0: serial 4edf09 scsi2 : aacraid Vendor: CERC Model: DATA 1 Rev: V1.0 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 Vendor: CERC Model: Data 2 Rev: V1.0 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 I've got it set up using the fine afacli tool (ick). Is there a way to get it to email me when there's an error? Do I need to hand-roll a script for this? what's the right version of the afacli tool to use? v4.1 gets SIGABRT and exits after I ask it to 'container list' or 'enclosure list' v2.8's enclosure commands don't work either Do I need to upgrade firmware? to what? from where? how?

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• New-ActiveSyncMailboxPolicy "not implemented" on Exchange 2007 SP3

  - by Flo

  If I try to run: New-ActiveSyncMailboxPolicy Test directly in the Powershell, it asks me if im sure, and if so, it does what it should. But if I try the same from my example Code in C#, then I get an error, saying that "the current host does not implement it". Other Commands like Set-CASMailbox or Get-ActiveSyncMailboxPolicy work just fine, both in the powershell and my application. The Exchange Server/Windows Server 2008R2 and Domain are all setup completely new (test-environment). Is there a way to make this possible?

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• Installed Percona mySQL on CPanel but getting an error

  - by user1227914

  I installed Percona mySQL on my fresh CPanel server (no databases yet) according to: http://www.ecommy.com/linux/install-...el-environment Everything seemed to be OK and the server also starts fine, except some commands return this error: root@server [/var/lib/mysql]# mysql -A -sN information_schema -e "select * from user_statistics;" mysql: unknown variable 'innodb_file_per_table=1' root@server [/var/lib/mysql]# mysql -A mysql: unknown variable 'innodb_file_per_table=1' In my /etc/my.cnf I have: [mysql] innodb_file_per_table=1 userstat_running=1 I am planning on using InnoDB for the databases. Anyone know what the problem is? Or even better, how to fix it? I have installed Percona 5.5 with yum on CentOS.

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• How to make routes on a windows 7 laptop persistent?

  - by askvictor

  I have a number of (windows 7) laptops that normally connect via wireless. We also have a wired network for special purposes. When one of these laptops plugs in to the wired network, at the moment, it makes the wired network the default route. Instead, I would like it to keep the wireless network the default, and route only 10...* through the wired. I can achieve this with: route delete 0.0.0.0 IF 22 route add 10.0.0.0 ... IF 22 (where IF 22 is the wired network interface). But how can I get this to stick? Currently, if the wired network is unplugged then re-plugged, it grabs the default route again. So I want a way of making the wireless network not get the default route, and to make the 10...* network persistent. Is there a hook to run commands after a network connection is established in windows? In linux I would use post-up hooks.

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• Is being a programmer a younger person's job?

  - by Saobi

  After you get old, say past 30 or 40. Can you still keep up with the young coders from your company, those fresh out of school, who can code for 15+ hours on 10 cans of redbulls (most people in Google, Facebook, etc) ? And given the lightning speed with which today's programming frameworks and architectures evolve, can you keep up with the most up to date stuff and be as proficient at them as the next college grad? I know for jobs like unix/c/embedded programming, it might be that the older the better. But for programming jobs in say web development, social media, search engine technology, etc. Do you become less and less competitive career-wise versus youngsters? For example, most coders in Google and Facebook, I believe are under 25 years old. In other words, once you reach a certain age, would it be unwise to continue to be a coder, and is it better to try becoming a project manager or architect?

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• How do I create a guest ftp user and give access to specific sub-folder with SSH?

  - by gourav

  I just got a virtual dedicated server at GoDaddy. I got the Simple Control Panel. There doesn't seem to be a way to create a guest ftp user through this control panel and I was told it must be created through SSH. I have a program called Putty which can log into the server via SSH. I'm familiar with logging in but does anyone know what the commands are to be used to create a guest ftp user and give them Read and Write access to a particular folder? Regards gourav

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• fdisk -l only displays boot partition

  - by Franklin

  I have a SAN, and it's able to read and write to the 50TB RAID just fine, but when I run fdisk -l it only lists the boot partition of the SAN server, and doesn't display anything about the other partitions on the RAID. I've also tried using parted -l with the same result. Now when I type mount it shows that the partitions are mounted just fine. I've never seen this happen. The box is running Openfiler 2.3 (I know it's old, we're in the process of upgrading all our old equipment). We have another SAN that's configured almost identically, and it's able to display the partition info with either of the two commands I mentioned above.

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• kill -9 and production application

  - by valodzka

  Which problem can cause kill -9 in production application (in linux to be exact)? I have application which do some periodical work, stopping these takes long time, and I don't care if some jobs will be aborted - work can be finished by new processes. So can I use kill -9 just to stop it immediately or this can cause serious OS problems? For example, Unicorn, uses it as normal working procedure: When your application goes awry, a BOFH can just "kill -9" the runaway worker process without worrying about tearing all clients down, just one. But this article claims: The -9 (or KILL) argument to kill(1) should never be used on Unix systems

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• How to delete files quicker than rm -rf?

  - by Byakugan

  Is there any way how to delete folder/files quicker than with command rm -rf? It seems my disc is filled with bilions of files (sessions of php5) which were not deleted in cron so I need to delete them manually but it takes hours and it is still not helping reducing the amount. Thank you. My command: rm -rf /var/lib/php5/* Tried also these commands: find /var/lib/php5 -name "sess_*" -exec rm {} \; And perl -e 'chdir "/var/lib/php5/" or die; opendir D, "."; while ($n = readdir D) { unlink $n }'

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• Serverlocation moved and how can I Move the files

  - by Bernhard

  Hello together, I´ve a big problem. I have to move data from an old Webspace which is only accessibla by ftp. No we have a new root server which is accessible by ssh of course :-) No i Need to move all data from the old space but there is a lot of Gb of files. Is there a way to fetch all files directly from the old ftp to the storage and not over a third station (my local machine)? I´ve tried it with ftp but without success. I think I´ve used the wrong commands. Is there a way to etablish something like this including all files and directorys? Thank you in advance Bernhard

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• How can I flush my ssh keys on power management activity?

  - by Sam Halicke

  Hi all, Using ssh-agent and private keys per the usual. Everything's working as normal. My question regards best practices on flushing keys from ssh-add on activity like sleep, suspend, hibernate, etc. I thought about writing a simple wrapper around those commands, but then wondered if are they even called? Or does the kernel initiate this activity directly? Are the PM utilities strictly userland? I would like this additional layer of security beyond locking my screen, etc. and was wondering if anyone else had solved this elegantly or has best practices to recommend. Thanks.

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• Can't use command line – "command not found" after editing PATH

  - by MEM

  I'm running OS X Mavericks and was trying to install MAMP PRO 2.2. I was trying to configure the PATH variable to have the PHP binaries of MAMP PRO. I added the following line on my ~/.bash_profile file: export PATH=/Applications/MAMP PRO/bin/php/php5.5.3/bin:$PATH As you may notice, since I have MAMP PRO and not just MAMP, I've added a space. As a consequence, I know have the following error each time I run the terminal: -bash: export: `PRO/bin/php/php5.5.3/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin': not a valid identifier Worst: I can't get any command to run, like: ls, clear etc. I always get: "command not found" I don't even know the absolute path for ls. How can I make the commands work again, so that I can properly fix the path I was trying to setup on the .bash_profile file?

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• why this routing configuration does not work?

  - by avs099

  I have 2 VMs in HyperV role: first is RRAS - it has 2 interfaces (both manually configured, no DHCP): 192.168.1.110 - "external" one, connected to the router 192.168.10.2 - that's internal interface which other VMs will be using as well also I added VPN connection to our main server - and it gets 192.168.2.136 IP address in 192.168.2.XXX network. And IP route is create on the server as well for this interface. second VM is called KITCHENER. It only has 1 interface 192.168.10.99 / 255.255.255.0, with default gateway set to RRAS server - 192.168.10.2 QUESTION: how can I ping "main server" - 192.168.2.1 - from the KITCHENER server when RRAS server is connected to VPN? please see screenshots with ipconfig /all, route print and ping 192.168.2.1 commands. What needs to be done to get this working? all servers are Windows 2008 R2 if that matters.

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• Can I pass the LHS of a cfengine3 processes: line to the RHS?

  - by joeforker

  I'm using cfengine to start the foobar process. Apparently the LHS is discarded when I use process_select? Can I simply pass the LHS to a function, rather than having to put the command match pattern in a body argument? bundle agent foobar { processes: "foobar" # documented way would be to use .* here process_select => command("foobar"), restart_class => start_foobar; commands: start_foobar:: "/usr/bin/foobar"; } body process_select command(c) { command => "$(c)"; process_result => "command"; }

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• Real-Time chat translation on mac using either Skype, Adium or iChat

  - by Cawas

  If you're looking for MSN and / or Windows, just go here. I'm looking for Real-Time chat translation tools for Mac, and preferably using Adium, but it could be for Skype, iChat or maybe another option if it's really good. So far I could only easily find a plugin for Adium, simply called translator, that uses google, dicts and babelfish, but you have to type commands in and paste the words or sentences, and it's currently not even working on Snow Leopard. Even if it did, it's still not quite as automatic as we'd expect (or see in other platforms as indicated). So I'm just citing it as an example of a bad solution.

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• Commutative (operational transform) diffs for databases

  - by barrycarter

  What Unix program generates "diff"s between text files (or INSERT/UPDATE/DELETEs for databases) in such a way that the order that the "diff"s are applied in is irrelevant, and the result is the same regardless of order. Etherpad used to do something like this. Example (for a given document or database): % Adam makes a change X, then Bob makes a change Y, then Adam makes another change Z. % However, because of network latency, Adam sees the changes in this order: XZY, while Bob sees them in this order: YXZ. % However, the code/changes are written so that XYZ and YXZ yield the same result. Note: ideally, this can be done without having to do X/Y/Z inverse at any point. I have read http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2043165/operational-transformation-library but I'm not sure this really does what I want.

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• Can't start a service (sudo) remotely from script and keep it running

  - by Greg Bernhardt

  I have a service (tomcat) that needs sudo to be started. I made a simple script on the remote server in /root/bin/test.sh #!/bin/sh sudo service tomcat start read (The script needs to do other stuff too, just pared down for simplicity). When I run a it directly on the remote server, tomcat starts and continues running on the server after I disconnect. When I run it remotely, the process starts, (I can see it when paused for the "read"), but once the script ends, it's gone. (while paused for the read, run this command locally) ps -ef | grep tomcat I've tried various combinations of nohup, screen, and & on the commands both on the local machine and in the remote machine's test.sh script, but I can't seem to get it working. ssh -t [email protected] "/root/bin/test.sh" ssh -t [email protected] "nohup /root/bin/test.sh" ssh -t [email protected] "nohup /root/bin/test.sh &" ssh -t [email protected] "screen /root/bin/test.sh &"

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